WO2010116602A1 - 浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法 - Google Patents
浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010116602A1 WO2010116602A1 PCT/JP2010/001421 JP2010001421W WO2010116602A1 WO 2010116602 A1 WO2010116602 A1 WO 2010116602A1 JP 2010001421 W JP2010001421 W JP 2010001421W WO 2010116602 A1 WO2010116602 A1 WO 2010116602A1
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- steelmaking slag
- sand
- slag
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- backfilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/16—Sealings or joints
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of backfilling an Oi depression by using dredged material.
- Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-083560, filed March 30, 2009, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- Ogikubo site a depression-like site that has been dug deeper than the seabed in the surrounding area. For example, in Tokyo Bay, that such "dredging depression” exists approximately 100 million m 3 has been elucidated.
- sulfides and phosphorus
- the sulfide consumes the dissolved oxygen in the seawater as in the following reaction formula (1) showing the reaction between the sulfide and the dissolved oxygen.
- an oxygen-free water mass (referred to as an oxygen-deficient water mass) is likely to be generated.
- this poor-oxygen water mass (called blue tide, bitter tide, etc.) intrudes into the coastal area, fish and shellfish die and serious fishing damage occurs.
- Non-Patent Document 1 the necessity of restoration by backfilling of the Ogikubo ground, etc. is strongly demanded.
- Sulfate reducing bacteria is a general term for a group of bacteria that oxidize organic matter using sulfate ion (SO 4 2- ) as an oxidizing agent.
- the sulfate reducing bacteria reduce sulfate ions (SO 4 2 ⁇ ) in seawater with organic substances (CH 2 O) as shown in the equation (2).
- CH 2 O organic substances
- FIG. 1 the formation of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is promoted (FIG. 1).
- Total sulfide suspended sulfide (FeS, MnS, etc.) + dissolved sulfide (5)
- dissolved sulfide is the sum of hydrogen sulfide [H 2 S (g)] and sulfide ion. That is, the following equation holds.
- Dissolved sulphide [H 2 S (g) ] + [HS -] + [S 2 -] ⁇ [H 2 S (g) ] + [HS -] (pH of normal seawater) ... (6)
- the percentage of free hydrogen sulfide [H 2 S (g)], which is considered to be the most toxic of dissolved sulfides, is 50% or more at pH 7 or less, but 10% if pH is more than 8 It falls to less than%.
- the percentage of dissolved sulfide ion [HS ⁇ ] is the highest.
- the pH of seawater is about 8 to 8.5, it is considered that most of the dissolved sulfides exist as dissolved sulfide ions [HS ⁇ ].
- sulfide consumes dissolved oxygen in a short time as shown in equation (2), and is also toxic to aquatic organisms, so it is desirable to minimize its elution into seawater.
- red tide abnormal occurrence of algae in the sea area
- eutrophication abnormal occurrence of algae in the sea area
- Phosphorus contained in urban sewage and industrial drainage is one of the eutrophication substances in the sea area, and from the viewpoint of environmental protection, phosphorus removal from sewage and drainage is being promoted.
- the influx of phosphorus from the surrounding area into the sea area has decreased due to the strengthening of many water quality regulations.
- phosphorus has accumulated in the sediments of the polluted sea area for many years, and in particular in the summer when the water temperature rises, phosphorus is eluted from the anaerobic sediments, which is one of the causes of red tide generation.
- the generated algae is likely to be deposited and then to be deposited, and in summer, it is rotted / analyzed and phosphorus is likely to be re-eluted. Therefore, if it is possible to prevent such elution of phosphorus from the Ogikubo area, it is considered that there is a possibility that abnormal occurrence of algae in the sea area can be reduced.
- the sulfate reduction reaction is the main factor of sulfide generation in the submarine Obosubaki area, and the rate-limiting factor of this sulfate reduction reaction is not the sulfate in seawater but the organic matter contained in the sediment. Therefore, in order to prevent poor oxygenation derived from sulfide generation, it is desirable that the content of organic matter be as small as possible also for "soil and sand" used for the backfill material.
- the present invention uses the steelmaking slag generated from the iron and steel process in a method to backfill the seabed environment by using "soil and sand" to backfill the seabed Oshikubo, and significantly improves the sea area environment improvement effect by backfilling using the sand It aims to provide a way to improve.
- a first aspect of the present invention is a method of backfilling a submarine depression in a seabed, comprising: mixing step of mixing gravel and sand and a first steelmaking slag to obtain mixed gravel; And the mixed coral sediment layer forming step for forming the mixed coral sediment layer.
- the gravel and sand in the mixing step, so that the mixing ratio of the first steelmaking slag is 10% by mass to 50% by mass. And the first steelmaking slag may be mixed.
- the method of backfilling a submarine floodplain according to (1) above may further include the step of carbonizing the first steelmaking slag in advance.
- a second steelmaking slag is placed on the top of the mixed gravel bedrock layer to make the steelmaking slag layer. You may further comprise the steel-making slag layer formation process to form.
- the second steelmaking slag may contain 50% by mass or more of steelmaking slag having a particle size of less than 10 mm.
- a plurality of layers of the mixed gravel sediment layer and the steelmaking slag layer may be provided repeatedly.
- the method of backfilling a submarine floodplain according to the above (5) may further include the step of carbonizing the second steelmaking slag in advance.
- the upper portion of the steelmaking slag layer may be further coated with natural sand.
- a second aspect of the present invention is a method of backfilling a submarine floodplain, comprising: dredging sediment layer forming step of forming dredged sediment layer by injecting dredged sediment into the flood basin; A mixed straw-sand layer or a steelmaking slag layer forming step of forming a mixed straw-sand layer or a steelmaking slag layer by laying a mixed straw-sand or steelmaking slag on the upper part of the layer.
- a plurality of layers may be provided repeatedly between the gravel-sand layer and the mixed gravel-sand layer or the steelmaking slag layer.
- the method of backfilling a submarine floodplain according to the above (10) may further include the step of carbonizing the steelmaking slag in advance.
- the upper portion of the steelmaking slag layer may be further coated with natural sand.
- the steelmaking slag used as the uppermost layer is solidified
- Other layers may use steelmaking slag which is easy to solidify, using carbonation steelmaking slag which is hard to do.
- the shielding effect by the steelmaking slag layer can suppress the formation of sulfides and phosphorus in the mixed coral sediment layer. In addition, even if sulfides and phosphorus are formed, elution of the sulfides into seawater can be suppressed. According to the method of the present invention described in (6) above, it is possible to suppress the decrease in the dissolution rate of calcium ions and silica. According to the method of the present invention described in (7) above, the shielding effect by the steelmaking slag layer can be more effectively obtained.
- the shielding effect of the steelmaking slag layer can suppress the formation of sulfides and phosphorus in the gravel sediment layer. In addition, even if sulfides and phosphorus are formed, elution of the sulfides into seawater can be suppressed. According to the method of the present invention described in (11) above, the shielding effect by the steelmaking slag layer can be more effectively obtained.
- the sea area environment is improved by backfilling the seabed Okusubun area with coral sediment.
- steelmaking slag is used in combination and effectively utilized to form sulfide and phosphorus in the floodplain and dissolve it in water. Suppress.
- Iron and steel slag generated from a steelmaking plant is generated as a by-product in the iron and steel manufacturing process.
- Iron and steel slag is roughly classified into blast furnace slag and steelmaking slag, and each is used as a useful material in various fields.
- Blast furnace slag is a general term for slag generated when producing pig iron in blast furnaces. Components other than iron of iron ore melted in the blast furnace and limestone of the secondary material and ash of coke become blast furnace slag.
- the blast-furnace slag forms about 290 to 300 kg per ton of pig iron (slag ratio kg / t-pig iron).
- Slag just removed from the blast furnace is in a molten state of about 1500 ° C., and is further classified into two types of slags, blast furnace ground slag and blast furnace annealed slag, according to the manufacturing method (cooling method).
- Granulated blast furnace slag is a slag produced by injecting pressurized water onto slag in a molten state of about 1500 ° C. and rapidly cooling it, and is amorphous (glassy) and granular.
- Granulated slag is mainly used as a cement raw material. In addition, it is widely used for ordinary cement mixture, fine aggregate for concrete, etc.
- the blast furnace slowly cooled slag is a slag produced by pouring high temperature slag into a yard or pit and slowly cooling it by natural cooling and moderate water sprinkling, and is crystalline and rocky.
- Slow-cooling slag is mainly used as a coarse aggregate for concrete and a cement clinker raw material (clay substitute).
- aging after taking measures to prevent the generation of sulfur odor and yellow turbid water by outdoor curing treatment (hereinafter referred to as aging) for 1 to 3 months, it is also used as a roadbed material for roads and the like.
- Steelmaking slag is a general term for slag generated when producing steel from pig iron and scrap in a steelmaking furnace (converter, electric furnace). The following description will be focused on a converter steelmaking slag mainly using pig iron.
- the removal of impurities is insufficient only with the refining by the converter, and the refining method which adds the process (hot metal pretreatment, secondary refining) before and after the converter becomes common.
- the hot metal pretreatment slag and secondary refining slag generated from such high-grade steel manufacturing process are also included in the converter-based steelmaking slag, similarly to the converter slag.
- the converter steelmaking slag produces about 110 to 130 kg per ton of crude steel. Similar to blast furnace slowly cooled slag, steelmaking slag is produced by pouring high temperature slag into yard and pit and slowly cooling it by natural cooling and moderate water sprinkling. Since steelmaking slag has a high content of f-CaO (soluble lime) and has the property of being easily expanded when it comes in contact with water, after taking measures to prevent expansion by outdoor aging treatment or accelerated aging treatment using steam etc. Used as road base materials for roads. It is also used as a cement clinker raw material (FeO supply material), a ground improvement material, and a civil engineering material.
- f-CaO soluble lime
- the blast furnace slag recycling rate is almost 100%, and it is used as a recycled resource, but the steelmaking slag recycling rate is high in expansivity and iron content.
- the recycling rate has not reached 100% for reasons such as Therefore, with regard to steelmaking slag, not only applications on an extension line of conventional applications, but also methods for effective utilization in water areas such as sea areas are widely studied taking advantage of the features of steelmaking slag.
- the steel slag used for the submarine depression of the present invention of the present invention is also a steelmaking slag, not a blast furnace slag.
- sulfate reducing bacteria reduce sulfate ions (SO 4 2- ) in seawater with organic substances (CH 2 O), and as a result, form sulfides such as hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) Do.
- the following can be considered as a measure to prevent the formation of sulfides and the elution of sulfides into water accompanying the progress of such a sulfuric acid reduction reaction.
- the activity of the sulfate reducing bacteria does not decrease unless the pH is maintained at 9.5 or more and for a long time.
- a measure to increase pH also affects other general bacteria, a measure to reduce the activity of such sulfate reducing bacteria is not realistic.
- the steelmaking slag is made of a compound such as Ca, Si, Al, Fe, etc., and is treated at a high temperature of 1500 ° C., and therefore contains no organic matter.
- the present inventors as a result of various examinations, when steelmaking slag is mixed with slag, while the organic matter content ratio decreases in proportion to the degree of steelmaking slag mixing, the number of sulfate reducing bacteria decreases and generation of sulfide I found that the amount decreased.
- mixing steelmaking slag also has the effect of being able to prevent the pH drop due to the decay of organic matter in straw and sand.
- the mixing ratio of steelmaking slag to dredged earth and sand is 10 mass% or more and 50 mass% or less as a standard, conduct batch experiments etc. in advance, so that the pH of nearby seawater is 8 or less and less than 9.5.
- Steelmaking slag can be utilized as a coating material which reduces such water permeability.
- the permeability of the soil is the ease of water movement in the interstices of the soil and is generally evaluated by the permeability coefficient k (cm / sec) as shown in Table 2.
- the inventors have found that if the thickness of the steelmaking slag layer to be coated is about 5 mm to 1 cm, it is effective for the elution of sulfide. However, in an actual sea area, it is difficult to uniformly cover the entire surface to a thickness of less than 1 cm using steelmaking slag, so it is desirable to lay it at 1 to 10 cm. If it is a grade of laying of such steelmaking slag, the pH of the seawater of the slag layer vicinity will hardly rise by the dilution effect by seawater normally.
- the thickness of steelmaking slag When the thickness of steelmaking slag is increased, the shielding effect is enhanced, but there is also a possibility that the pH of seawater near the slag layer temporarily rises over 9.5, for example, when the seawater exchange rate is small. For this reason, it is not preferable that the thickness of a steelmaking slag layer exceeds 10 cm.
- a means of repeatedly providing a plurality of layers of sand and sand layers and steelmaking slag layers in a sandwich-like manner is also effective as a means for suppressing such pH increase of seawater.
- the steelmaking slag carbonation steelmaking slag
- the steelmaking slag used for coating cover, it is desirable to contain 50 mass% or more of steelmaking slag with many fine particle parts whose particle size is less than 10 mm from a viewpoint of solidification promotion of steelmaking slag.
- the steelmaking slag having a particle size of greater than 10 mm is unlikely to increase in pH but, conversely, the dissolution rate of calcium ions and silica necessary for promoting solidification is reduced, so the solidification rate is reduced. Therefore, it is desirable that the steelmaking slag used for coating contains 50% by mass or more of steelmaking slag having many fine particles having a particle size of less than 10 mm and having a large dissolution rate of calcium ions and silica.
- the top part is further covered with natural sand, and living space such as polychaea, shellfish etc. You may provide. You may use the dam sand of the good quality with few amounts of organic substance.
- gravel-sand 3 mixed with gravel-sand or steel-making slag is introduced into the bottom portion of the Obisubumi ground 2 on the seabed 1.
- the batch experiment which mixed indigo and sand, steelmaking slag, and seawater was carried out in advance, and the pH of the seawater is 8 or more and less than 9.5. Determine the mixing rate.
- steelmaking slag 4 is added alone to a thickness of 1 to 10 cm on the entire upper surface of the crucible sediment 3 mixed with slag, sand or steelmaking slag.
- the layer thickness may be increased. That is, in the case of carbonized steelmaking slag, the pH of seawater does not exceed 9.5 even if the layer thickness is up to 100 cm. By increasing the layer thickness, the elution of sulfide can be further suppressed. Furthermore, natural sand 5 is laid as a living space above the steelmaking slag 4. The layer thickness of natural sand is 30 to 100 cm. In addition, in the bottom part of the Oi depression 2 of the seabed 1, actually, the case where the gravel earth and sand is partially thrown in already exists.
- the layer of coral sediment 3 mixed with coral sediment or steelmaking slag and the layer of steelmaking slag 4 may be repeatedly laid in a sandwich form. In this case, the elution of sulfide into seawater can be suppressed more reliably.
- the entire surface may not be covered with the steelmaking slag 4. Since elution of calcium is important in promoting such solidification reaction, it is desirable to use steelmaking slag which is not subjected to carbonation treatment. Furthermore, it is desirable that 50 mass% or more of steelmaking slags with many fine particles having a particle diameter of less than 10 mm and a large dissolution rate of calcium ions be contained. In addition, when backfilling a submarine floodplain with a plurality of layers, carbonized steel slag that is hard to solidify may be used as steel slag used for the top layer, and steel slag that is easy to solidify may be used for the other layers. .
- Fe (III) the reduction reaction of Fe (III) proceeds for the first time to elute Fe (II) ions and phosphate ions (PO 4 -P).
- Bacteria that promote such a reaction are iron reducing bacteria.
- Iron reducing bacteria is a generic name of bacteria groups which oxidize organic matter using ferric iron as an oxidizing agent.
- the following can be considered as a measure to prevent the formation of phosphate ion (PO 4 -P) and the elution into water accompanying the progress of such iron reduction reaction.
- E Decrease the activity of iron-reducing bacteria and suppress the formation of phosphate ion (PO 4 -P).
- F Reduce the amount of organic substances and the number of iron reducing bacteria to suppress the formation of phosphate ion (PO 4 -P).
- G prevent elution into water even if phosphate ion (PO 4 -P) is formed.
- (e) is a method of reducing the activity of iron-reducing bacteria, but a method of raising dissolved oxygen (O 2 ) by aeration etc., a method of adding nitrate ion (NO 3 ⁇ ), etc. are widely known. However, it is difficult to apply to the Okubuchi ground. In addition, since pH also affects the activity of iron-reducing bacteria, there is also a method of adjusting pH. Generally, bacteria are most active at about pH 7-9, and iron reducing bacteria are not the exception. It can be easily estimated that the activity of the iron-reducing bacteria is the highest at pH around 8 to 8.5, which is near the pH of seawater.
- the activity of the iron-reducing bacteria does not decrease unless the pH is maintained at 9.5 or more and continuously for a long time.
- a measure to increase pH also affects other general bacteria, a measure to reduce the activity of such iron-reducing bacteria is not realistic.
- the steelmaking slag is made of a compound such as Ca, Si, Al, Fe, etc., and is treated at a high temperature of 1500 ° C., and therefore contains no organic matter.
- iron reducing bacteria inhabit general soil, and inhabit "soil and sand", but steelmaking slag is processed at a high temperature of 1500 ° C, and there is almost no water, Habitation of iron reducing bacteria seems to be difficult. That is, by utilizing the steelmaking slag, it is possible to reduce the ratio of organic substances in the coral sediment and the number of iron reducing bacteria, and to suppress the formation of sulfide.
- the steelmaking slag has weak hydraulicity, and the water permeability also decreases with time, and the water permeability coefficient k decreases to about 10 ⁇ 5 to 10 ⁇ 6 cm / sec.
- water soluble silica elutes from dredged earth and sand, and calcium elutes from steelmaking slag, and this water soluble silica reacts with calcium to form calcium silicate (CSH), which solidifies.
- CSH calcium silicate
- To form an impervious stratum with a permeability coefficient k (cm / sec) 10 -6 to 10 -7 cm / sec. It is thought that the phosphate ion (PO 4 -P) generated and accumulated in the “sand” also can not be easily eluted into seawater by such an impermeable water-covering effect (Covering).
- steelmaking slag generally has a high proportion of f-CaO (soluble lime) present alone, and has a characteristic that the pH in water tends to rise temporarily. For this reason, it is also possible to give "carbonation treatment” and to set “f-CaO as CaCO 3 " as a "carbonated steelmaking slag” and to lower the pH of elution water.
- Carbonation treatment of steelmaking slag can be implemented by bringing steelmaking slag into contact with carbon dioxide or carbonic acid-containing water.
- Patent Document 2 it is less than the moisture value at which free water starts to be present in steelmaking slag in the atmosphere, pressurized atmosphere, or steam atmosphere, and at least 10 mass% less than the moisture value.
- a method of carbonating steelmaking slag by flowing a gas having a relative humidity of 75 to 100% containing carbon dioxide gas after adjusting the amount of water or the amount of carbonated water.
- free water When water is poured into the powder, the powder absorbs water for a while (called bound water). When the amount of input water exceeds a certain level, the powder can no longer absorb water and is present around the powder. The water in this state is called "free water". When this free water is present, the powder group is in the form of paste, and it becomes difficult for the gas containing carbon dioxide gas to pass in the region where the free water is present. From such a point of view, the maximum carbonation rate can be obtained at the stage of confined water in which the surface and the inside of the void inside the slag are moistened from such a viewpoint, and efficient carbonation becomes possible. It reports.
- CaO becomes CaCO 3
- the ratio of CaO and Ca (OH) 2 can be made 0.9 mass% or less, and CaCO 3 is formed on the surface of steelmaking slag. For this reason, rapid elution of remaining CaO or Ca (OH) 2 can be suppressed.
- the method of carbonation-processing the slag used by this embodiment is not limited to the said method. Any carbonation method may be used as long as CaO can be stabilized as CaCO 3 .
- Example 1 Verification example of elution suppression of sulfide by coating using steelmaking slag The sediment was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, and used for the experiment. As steelmaking slag, converter-type steelmaking slag without carbonation treatment was used. Both sand and sand and steelmaking slag met the water standard for fishery (Table 3).
- Table 5 shows the pH and dissolved sulfide (DS) concentration of seawater after 20 days.
- Example 2 Verification example of generation
- the indigo and sand were centrifuged for 20 minutes at 3000 rpm, and it used for experiment.
- the steelmaking slag used the steelmaking slag (The carbonation steelmaking slag is described hereafter) which gave carbonation treatment.
- Both dredged material and sand and carbonated steelmaking slag satisfied the water standard for fishery (Table 6).
- wetted material (wet) and carbonized steelmaking slag having a particle size of 5 mm or less (50% particle size: 2 mm) were added to a glass bottle (volume: 1 L) under the conditions shown in Table 7. Thereafter, artificial seawater which was aerated with nitrogen and from which dissolved oxygen (DO) was removed was added to each glass bottle, and the glass bottle was filled with seawater, and then left sealed at room temperature (20 ° C.) for 35 days. After 35 days, the pH of the glass bottle water was measured. Since sulfides are easily dissipated in the analysis process, the pH was immediately adjusted to 10 after seawater was collected.
- the dissolved sulfide in the filtered water was immobilized with zinc acetate and measured. Calcium ion was measured in the residual solution.
- the total number of bacteria was determined by the ATP (adenosine triphosphate) method, and the number of sulfate reducing bacteria was determined by the real time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) method.
- FIG. 4 shows the relationship (after 35 days) between the addition ratio of carbonized steelmaking slag and the sulfide and sulfide-derived COD in seawater.
- the sulfide concentration in seawater was 7.5 mg / L.
- the sulfide concentration decreased substantially in proportion to the addition rate of the carbonized slag, and in the case of 100% carbonized steelmaking slag, the elution of the sulfide was below the detection limit.
- sulfide is measured as COD (chemical oxygen demand), and 1 mg / L of sulfide corresponds to 2 mg / L of COD.
- COD chemical oxygen demand
- 1 mg / L of sulfide corresponds to 2 mg / L of COD.
- the COD attributable to sulfide is about 15 mg / L, but COD can also be reduced by utilizing carbonized slag as sediment, and oxygen consumption can be reduced.
- the total amount of microorganisms of the dredged soil was about 3 ⁇ 10 8 CELL / g, it decreased with the increase of the addition rate of carbonated steelmaking slag.
- the abundance ratio of the total amount of microorganisms decreased to more than the carbonation steelmaking slag addition ratio.
- the measurement result (The relative quantitative value in each sample of a sulfate reducing bacteria origin gene) of the number of sulfate reducing bacteria is shown in FIG.
- the abundance ratio of sulfate reducing bacteria is also NO. 1> NO. 2> NO. 3> NO. It is 4 and the relative concentration ratio of the sulfuric acid reducing bacteria fell to more than the slag addition ratio by raising the addition ratio of carbonation steelmaking slag.
- Example 3 Verification example of elution suppression effect of sulfide by steelmaking slag coating
- the formation potential of sulfide can be reduced by mixing carbonation steelmaking slag with gravel and sand compared with the time of gravel and sand alone.
- the production of sulfide can not be reduced to 0 unless carbonation steelmaking slag is replaced with 100% soot and sand (Example 2).
- the sediment was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes and used for the experiment.
- steelmaking slag steelmaking slag subjected to carbonation treatment (hereinafter referred to as carbonated steelmaking slag) or converter-based steelmaking slag (hereinafter steelmaking slag) was used. Both dredged earth and sand, carbonized steelmaking slag and steelmaking slag satisfied the water standard for fishery (Tables 3 and 6).
- a 5 L glass bottle was filled with 2 kg (wet) of clay.
- a system (No. 4 series) coated with steelmaking slag and sand was provided and compared.
- the carbonized steelmaking slag and steelmaking slag used a slag having a maximum particle size of 5 mm or less and a 50% particle size of 3 mm. Natural sand with a particle size of 2 to 5 mm was used.
- Carbonated steelmaking slag, steelmaking slag or natural sand was added so as to be even over the entire surface of the gravel under the conditions shown in Table 8.
- seawater seawater
- the pH of the seawater was no. It decreased from 8.3 to 7.5 to 7.8 in 1 system.
- TS is the sum of dissolved sulfide ions (hereinafter referred to as DS) in seawater and sulfide salts such as insoluble iron.
- I-C inorganic carbon
- FIG. No. 1 DS in seawater and pore water at the completion of the experiment is shown in FIG. No. 1 where steelmaking slag was laid. In the 2 to 4 systems, no DS was detected. On the other hand, although quite high concentrations of DS were detected in all systems in pore water, no. The formation of D-S concentration was clearly suppressed in the system in which the carbonized steelmaking slag was mixed with dredged material as in the 4th system as compared with the other systems.
- I-C in seawater and pore water at the time of completion of the experiment is shown in FIG. IC accumulates when the sulfuric acid reduction reaction proceeds as shown in FIG. No.
- the 2 24 system it decreased. It is considered that this is because Ca 2+ eluted from the carbonized steelmaking slag and the steelmaking slag reacts with carbonate ions to form CaCO 3 having low solubility.
- FIG. 9 in all the systems, a considerably high concentration of I-C was detected in the pore water as well as the sulfide. The formation of I-C concentration was clearly suppressed in the system in which the carbonized steelmaking slag was mixed with dredged material as in the 4th system, as compared with the other systems.
- Example 4 A verification example of the elution suppression effect of sulfide and phosphorus by the formation of a solidified layer in which steelmaking slag not subjected to carbonation treatment is mixed with soot and sand: 50 mass% of carbonation steel slag mixed with soot and sand
- the formation potential of sulfide can be reduced compared to the case of dredging and sediment alone, the formation of sulfide can not be made 0 unless carbonation steelmaking slag is replaced with 100% dredging and sediment ( Example 2). It is presumed that this is one factor that in the case of carbonized steelmaking slag, the supply amount of calcium ions becomes small and it is difficult to solidify even when mixed with soot and sand.
- the water quality of the glass bottle water was measured. Since sulfides are easily dissipated in the analysis process, the pH was immediately adjusted to 10 after seawater was collected. After filtration with a syringe using a 0.45 ⁇ m millipore filter, dissolved sulfide (DS) in the filtered water was immobilized with zinc acetate and measured. Furthermore, the phosphate ion (PO 4 -P) eluted in the residual solution was measured.
- DS dissolved sulfide
- DS dissolved sulfide
- PO 4 -P phosphate ion
- Example 5 Verification example of the elution suppression effect of sulfide and phosphorus by the sediment formation which mixed steelmaking slag in the upper part of dredged soil and sand The dredged sediment has already been partially introduced to the bottom of the seabed in the depression. The case actually exists. Even in such a case, it is considered that the elution of sulfides and phosphorus can be suppressed by providing the mixed earth and sand or steelmaking slag on the top of the input soot and sand and providing the mixed earth and sand layer.
- the experiment was carried out according to the following procedure. Slag mixed soil obtained by mixing steelmaking slag (50% particle diameter: 9 mm) with coral sand (wet) and coral sand (wet) was added to a glass bottle (volume: 1 L) under the conditions shown in Table 10. Thereafter, artificial seawater which was aerated with nitrogen and from which dissolved oxygen (DO) was removed was added to each glass bottle, and the glass bottle was filled with seawater, and then left sealed at room temperature (20 ° C.) for 30 days. Four experimental sequences were prepared.
- the water quality of the glass bottle water was measured. Since sulfides are easily dissipated in the analysis process, the pH was immediately adjusted to 10 after seawater was collected. After filtration with a syringe using a 0.45 ⁇ m millipore filter, dissolved sulfide (DS) in the filtered water was immobilized with zinc acetate and measured. Furthermore, the phosphate ion (PO 4 -P) eluted in the residual solution was measured.
- DS dissolved sulfide
- dissolved sulfide (D-S) was detected in seawater after 3 days, and remained at about 1 mg / L from the 10th day until the 30th day.
- phosphate ion (PO 4 -P) was also detected after 3 days, and remained at about 0.9 to 1.2 mg / L from day 10 to day 30.
- dissolved sulfide (D-S) and phosphate ion (PO 4 -P) are also on the 30th day It remained below the detection limit.
- the steelmaking slag generated from the steel process can be used to significantly improve the sea area environment improvement effect by the backfilling using the gravel, the industrial applicability is extremely large.
Abstract
Description
本願は、2009年3月30日に、日本に出願された特願2009-083560号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
[H+][S2-]/[HS-]=10-13 ・・・(4)
全硫化物=懸濁態硫化物(FeS、MnS等)+溶存態硫化物 ・・・(5)
(5)式中、溶存態硫化物は硫化水素[H2S(g)]と硫化物イオンとの和である。即ち、以下の式が成り立つ。
溶存態硫化物=[H2S(g)]+[HS-]+[S2 -]
≒[H2S(g)]+[HS-](通常の海水域のpH)・・・(6)
このため、現在、「浚渫窪地」の埋め戻しが各地で進められるようになってきている。この場合、埋め戻し材としては、海域での航路の維持や港湾工事等で大量に発生する「浚渫土砂」が用いられていることが多い。「浚渫土砂」は、「廃棄物」には相当しないため、海域で容易に有効利用され得る。しかし、「浚渫土砂」単独では、「浚渫窪地」の埋め戻しには不足する場合もある。このため、「浚渫土砂」以外の埋め戻し材として、「ダムの堆積砂」や「鉄鋼スラグ」等を用いる事例が報告されている(特許文献1、非特許文献1)。
また、特許文献2は、製鐵所などで発生する製鋼スラグを安定処理する方法について開示している。
(1)本発明の第1態様は、海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法であって、浚渫土砂と、第1の製鋼スラグとを混合して混合浚渫土砂を得る混合工程と;前記混合浚渫土砂を前記浚渫窪地に投入し、混合浚渫土砂層を形成する混合浚渫土砂層形成工程と;を備える。
(2)上記(1)に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法では、前記混合工程において、前記第1の製鋼スラグの混合率が10質量%以上50質量%以下となるように前記浚渫土砂と前記第1の製鋼スラグとを混合してもよい。
(3)上記(1)に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法では、前記混合工程では、海水をpH8以上9.5未満に変性させるような混合率で前記浚渫土砂と前記第1の製鋼スラグとを混合してもよい。
(4)上記(1)に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法で、前記第1の製鋼スラグを予め炭酸化処理する工程を更に備えてもよい。
(5)上記(1)~(4)のいずれか一項に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法で、前記混合浚渫土砂層の上部に第2の製鋼スラグを敷いて、製鋼スラグ層を形成する製鋼スラグ層形成工程を更に備えてもよい。
(6)上記(5)に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法では、前記第2の製鋼スラグは、粒径が10mm未満の製鋼スラグを50質量%以上含んでもよい。
(7)上記(5)に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法では、前記混合浚渫土砂層と前記製鋼スラグ層とを繰り返し複数層設けてもよい。
(8)上記(5)に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法では、前記第2の製鋼スラグを予め炭酸化処理する工程を更に備えてもよい。
(9)上記(5)に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法では、前記製鋼スラグ層の上部をさらに天然砂で被覆してもよい。
(10)本発明の第2態様は、海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法であって、浚渫土砂を前記浚渫窪地に投入して、浚渫土砂層を形成する浚渫土砂層形成工程と;前記浚渫土砂層の上部に、混合浚渫土砂又は製鋼スラグを敷いて、混合浚渫土砂層又は製鋼スラグ層を形成する混合浚渫土砂層又は製鋼スラグ層形成工程と;を備える。
(11)上記(10)に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法では、前記浚渫土砂層と前記混合浚渫土砂層又は前記製鋼スラグ層とを繰り返し複数層設けてもよい。
(12)上記(10)に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法では、前記製鋼スラグを予め炭酸化処理する工程を更に備えてもよい。
(13)上記(10)に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法では、前記製鋼スラグ層の上部をさらに天然砂で被覆してもよい。
(14)上記(10)~(13)のいずれかに記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法では、前記浚渫窪地を複数の層で埋め戻す場合、最上部の層に用いる製鋼スラグとしては固化しにくい炭酸化製鋼スラグを用い、その他の層は固化しやすい製鋼スラグを用いてもよい。
上記(2)に記載の本発明の方法によれば、浚渫土砂の軟弱な性状を改善する効果が得られる。また、海水のpHが一時的に9.5を超えて上昇することを抑制することができる。
上記(3)に記載の本発明の方法によれば、海水のpHが8以上9.5未満となるため、遊離態の硫化水素[H2S(g)]の存在割合を低下できるとともに、海水中のMg2+がMg(OH)2として析出することを抑制することができる。
上記(4)に記載の本発明の方法によれば、海水のpH上昇を抑えることができる。
上記(5)に記載の本発明の方法によれば、製鋼スラグ層による遮蔽効果により、混合浚渫土砂層での硫化物やりんの生成を抑制できる。また、硫化物やりんが生成したとしても、その硫化物が海水中に溶出することを抑制することができる。
上記(6)に記載の本発明の方法によれば、カルシウムイオンやシリカの溶解速度の低下を抑制できる。
上記(7)に記載の本発明の方法によれば、製鋼スラグ層による遮蔽効果を更に効果的に得ることができる。
上記(8)に記載の本発明の方法によれば、海水のpH上昇を抑えることができる。
上記(9)に記載の本発明の方法によれば、多毛類、貝類等の生物居住空間を提供することができる。
上記(10)に記載の本発明の方法によれば、製鋼スラグ層による遮蔽効果により、浚渫土砂層での硫化物やりんの生成を抑制できる。また、硫化物やりんが生成したとしても、その硫化物が海水中に溶出することを抑制することができる。
上記(11)に記載の本発明の方法によれば、製鋼スラグ層による遮蔽効果を更に効果的に得ることができる。
上記(12)に記載の本発明の方法によれば、海水のpH上昇を抑えることができる。
上記(13)に記載の本発明の方法によれば、多毛類、貝類等の生物居住空間を提供することができる。
上記(14)に記載の本発明の方法によれば、固化しやすい製鋼スラグによる硫化物やりんの溶出防止効果を発揮させながら、最上部において生物が生息しやすい環境を作ることができる。
以上のように、本発明によれば、従来の方法よりも効果的に浚渫窪地における硫化物及びりんの生成と水中への溶出をより効果的に抑制することが可能となり、海域での貧酸素化を防止することができる。
高炉スラグは,高炉で銑鉄を製造する際に発生するスラグの総称である。高炉で溶融された鉄鉱石の鉄以外の成分や副原料の石灰石やコークスの灰分が高炉スラグとなる。高炉スラグは、銑鉄1tあたり290~300kg程度生成する(スラグ比kg/t-銑鉄)。高炉から取り出されたばかりのスラグは,約1500℃の溶融状態にあるが,製造方法(冷却方法)によって、さらに、高炉水砕スラグと高炉徐冷スラグの2種類のスラグに分類される。
製鋼スラグは、製鋼炉(転炉、電気炉)において、銑鉄やスクラップから鋼を製造する際に発生するスラグの総称である。以下、銑鉄を主として用いる転炉系製鋼スラグを中心に説明する。近年、鋼品質の高度化に対応するため、転炉による精錬のみでは不純物の除去が不十分となり、転炉前後の工程(溶銑予備処理、2次精錬)を付加する精練方法が一般的となった。このような高級鋼製造工程から発生する溶銑予備処理スラグや2次精錬スラグも、転炉スラグと同様に転炉系製鋼スラグに含まれる。転炉系製鋼スラグは、粗鋼1tあたり約110~130kg生成する。製鋼スラグは、高炉徐冷スラグと同様、ヤードやピットに高温のスラグを流し込み、自然放冷と適度の散水によってゆっくりと冷却し製造する。製鋼スラグは、f-CaO(可溶性石灰)の含有量が高く、水と接触すると膨張し易い特性があるため、屋外エージング処理や蒸気等を用いた促進エージング処理により、膨張防止対策を施した後、道路用路盤材等に用いられている。また、セメントクリンカー原料(FeO供給材)、地盤改良材、土木工事用資材として用いられている。
なお、海底1の浚渫窪地2の底部に、既に、浚渫土砂が部分的に投入されている場合が実際には存在する。浚渫窪地の容積が大きく、浚渫土砂の入手量が小さい場合などは窪地が満杯になるまでかなりの年月を要してしまう。このようなケースでは夏場の嫌気化は避けられず、硫化物やりんの発生の抑制は期待できない。このような場合でも、投入された浚渫土砂の上部に混合浚渫土砂を敷いて混合土砂層、または、製鋼スラグを敷いて製鋼スラグ層を設けることにより硫化物やりんの溶出を抑制することができる。
また、海底の浚渫窪地を複数の層で埋め戻す場合、最上部の層に用いる製鋼スラグとしては固化しにくい炭酸化製鋼スラグを用い、その他の層は固化しやすい製鋼スラグを用いてもかまわない。硫化物やりんの溶出防止の観点からは固化層を設けることが望ましいが、最上部に関しては、生物生息性の観点から固化しにくい炭酸化製鋼スラグを用いてもかまわない。
一般に嫌気性条件下で海域底質からりん酸イオン(PO4-P)が溶出する場合、Fe(III)に吸着していた、りん酸イオン(PO4-P)が溶出すると考えられている。この場合、Fe(III)の還元反応が生ずることが必要であり、溶存酸素のあるような状況ではりん酸イオン(PO4-P)の溶出は生じ難い。即ち、有機物が過剰に存在するような嫌気性条件下で、初めてFe(III)の還元反応が進行しFe(II)イオンとりん酸イオン(PO4-P)が溶出する。このような反応を進める細菌が鉄還元菌である。鉄還元菌とは、酸化剤として三価鉄を用い有機物を酸化する細菌群の総称である。
(e) 鉄還元菌の活性を低下させ、りん酸イオン(PO4-P)の生成を抑制する。
(f) 有機物量及び鉄還元菌数を減らし、りん酸イオン(PO4-P)の生成を抑制する。
(g) りん酸イオン(PO4-P)が生成したとしても水中への溶出を防止する。
まず、(f)の有機物量及び鉄還元菌数を減らし、りん酸イオン(PO4-P)の生成を抑制する方策を説明する。具体的には「浚渫土砂」に製鋼スラグの一定量を混合して埋め戻し材とする。これによって、「浚渫土砂」を単独で浚渫窪地の埋め戻し材とするよりも、埋め戻し材に含まれる有機物量を削減することができる。製鋼スラグは、Ca、Si、Al、Fe等の化合物からなり、1500℃の高温で処理されているため、有機物は含まれていない。また、鉄還元菌は一般の土壌に生息しており、「浚渫土砂」中にも生息しているが、製鋼スラグは、1500℃の高温で処理されており、また、水分も殆ど無いため、鉄還元菌の生息は難しいと思われる。即ち、製鋼スラグを活用することにより、浚渫土砂中の有機物割合及び鉄還元菌数を減らせ、硫化物の生成を抑制することが可能となる。これに対して、「ダムの堆積砂」等の他の自然界の埋め戻し材は、必ずしも無機物ばかりでなく、自然界由来の有機物が含まれており、また、鉄還元菌もかなり生息しているため、製鋼スラグほどのりん酸イオン(PO4-P)生成抑制効果は得られないと思われる。発明者らは、種々の検討の結果、浚渫土砂に製鋼スラグを混合すると、製鋼スラグ混合の程度に比例して有機物含有比が低下すると共に、鉄還元菌数が減少し、りん酸イオン(PO4-P)の発生量が低下することを知見した。
5Ca2++3PO4 3-+OH-→Ca5(OH)(PO4)3 ・・・(7)
浚渫土砂は3000rpm、20分間遠心分離し,実験に使用した。製鋼スラグは,炭酸化処置を施していない転炉系製鋼スラグを使用した。浚渫土砂、製鋼スラグとも水産用水基準を満たしていた(表3)。
浚渫土砂は3000rpm、20分間遠心分離し、実験に使用した。製鋼スラグは、炭酸化処置を施した製鋼スラグ(以下、炭酸化製鋼スラグと述べる)を使用した。浚渫土砂、炭酸化製鋼スラグとも水産用水基準を満たしていた(表6)。
浚渫土砂に炭酸化製鋼スラグを混合することによって、浚渫土砂単独時と比較して、硫化物の生成ポテンシャルを低減できるものの、炭酸化製鋼スラグを100%浚渫土砂に替えて用いない限り、硫化物の生成を0とすることはできない(実施例2)。
浚渫土砂に炭酸化製鋼スラグを50質量%混合することによって、浚渫土砂単独時と比較して、硫化物の生成ポテンシャルを低減できるものの、炭酸化製鋼スラグを100%浚渫土砂に替えて用いない限り、硫化物の生成を0とすることはできなかった(実施例2)。これは、炭酸化製鋼スラグの場合、カルシウムイオンの供給量が小さくなり、浚渫土砂と混合しても固化し難いことが1つの要因であることが推定された。
この結果、浚渫土砂系では、3日後には海水中には溶存態硫化物(D-S)が検出され、10日目以降30日目までは1mg/L程度で推移した。また、りん酸イオン(PO4-P)も3日後には検出され、10日目以降30日目までは0.9~1.2mg/L程度で推移した。
海底の浚渫窪地の底部に、既に、浚渫土砂が部分的に投入されている場合が実際には存在する。このような場合でも、投入された浚渫土砂の上部に混合浚渫土砂または製鋼スラグを敷いて混合土砂層を設けることにより硫化物やりんの溶出を抑制することができると考えられる。
浚渫土砂(wet)と浚渫土砂(wet)に製鋼スラグ(50%粒径:9mm)を混合したスラグ混合土を、表10に示す条件でガラスびん(容量:1L)に添加した。その後、窒素で曝気し、溶存酸素(DO)を除去した人工海水を各ガラスびんに添加し、ガラスびんを海水で満杯にした後、密閉状態で室温(20℃)で30日間放置した。各実験系列を4本ずつ作製した。
2 浚渫窪地
3 浚渫土砂又は製鋼スラグを混合した浚渫土砂
4 製鋼スラグ
5 天然砂
Claims (14)
- 海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法であって、
浚渫土砂と、第1の製鋼スラグとを混合して混合浚渫土砂を得る混合工程と;
前記混合浚渫土砂を前記浚渫窪地に投入して、混合浚渫土砂層を形成する混合浚渫土砂層形成工程と;
を備えることを特徴とする海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法。 - 前記混合工程では、前記第1の製鋼スラグの混合率が10質量%以上50質量%以下となるように前記浚渫土砂と前記第1の製鋼スラグとを混合することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法。
- 前記混合工程では、海水をpH8以上9.5未満に変性させるような混合率で前記浚渫土砂と前記第1の製鋼スラグとを混合することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法。
- 前記第1の製鋼スラグを予め炭酸化処理する工程
を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法。 - 前記混合浚渫土砂層の上部に第2の製鋼スラグを敷いて、製鋼スラグ層を形成する製鋼スラグ層形成工程
を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法。 - 前記第2の製鋼スラグは、粒径が10mm未満の製鋼スラグを50質量%以上含むことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法。
- 前記混合浚渫土砂層と前記製鋼スラグ層とを繰り返し複数層設けることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法。
- 前記第2の製鋼スラグを予め炭酸化処理する工程
を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法。 - 前記製鋼スラグ層の上部をさらに天然砂で被覆することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法。
- 海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法であって、
浚渫土砂を前記浚渫窪地に投入して、浚渫土砂層を形成する浚渫土砂層形成工程と;
前記浚渫土砂層の上部に、混合浚渫土砂又は製鋼スラグを敷いて、混合浚渫土砂層又は製鋼スラグ層を形成する混合浚渫土砂層又は製鋼スラグ層形成工程と;
を備えることを特徴とする海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法。 - 前記浚渫土砂層と前記混合浚渫土砂層又は前記製鋼スラグ層とを繰り返し複数層設けることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法。
- 前記製鋼スラグを予め炭酸化処理する工程を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法。
- 前記製鋼スラグ層の上部をさらに天然砂で被覆することを特徴とする請求項10に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法。
- 前記浚渫窪地を複数の層で埋め戻す場合、最上部の層に用いる製鋼スラグとしては固化しにくい炭酸化製鋼スラグを用い、その他の層は固化しやすい製鋼スラグを用いることを特徴とする請求項10~13のいずれか1項に記載の海底の浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法。
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Cited By (8)
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JP2012149424A (ja) * | 2011-01-18 | 2012-08-09 | Nippon Steel Corp | 窪地の処理方法 |
JP2012246729A (ja) * | 2011-05-31 | 2012-12-13 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal | 浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法 |
JP2013198849A (ja) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-10-03 | Jfe Steel Corp | 水域の底質からのメタン含有ガスの発生抑制方法 |
JP2014000560A (ja) * | 2012-06-21 | 2014-01-09 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal | 改質土の製造方法 |
JP2014038027A (ja) * | 2012-08-15 | 2014-02-27 | Jfe Steel Corp | 放射線遮蔽構造体および盛土 |
JP2016215191A (ja) * | 2015-05-15 | 2016-12-22 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 浚渫土の改質方法 |
JP2020018239A (ja) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-02-06 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 底生生物育成用の土壌作製方法及び底生生物の育成方法 |
CN111661915A (zh) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-09-15 | 广州市广绿园林绿化有限公司 | 一种湿地生态系统修复方法 |
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KR102097590B1 (ko) * | 2017-12-14 | 2020-04-06 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | 제강 슬래그를 포함하는 개량 준설토 및 이를 이용한 가설 도로 |
JP6903297B1 (ja) * | 2020-07-03 | 2021-07-14 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 深堀窪地の埋戻し方法 |
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JP2012246729A (ja) * | 2011-05-31 | 2012-12-13 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal | 浚渫窪地の埋め戻し方法 |
JP2013198849A (ja) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-10-03 | Jfe Steel Corp | 水域の底質からのメタン含有ガスの発生抑制方法 |
JP2014000560A (ja) * | 2012-06-21 | 2014-01-09 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal | 改質土の製造方法 |
JP2014038027A (ja) * | 2012-08-15 | 2014-02-27 | Jfe Steel Corp | 放射線遮蔽構造体および盛土 |
JP2016215191A (ja) * | 2015-05-15 | 2016-12-22 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 浚渫土の改質方法 |
JP2020018239A (ja) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-02-06 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 底生生物育成用の土壌作製方法及び底生生物の育成方法 |
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BRPI1014832B1 (pt) | 2020-03-31 |
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JPWO2010116602A1 (ja) | 2012-10-18 |
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