WO2010098416A1 - 加工性に優れた高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
加工性に優れた高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010098416A1 WO2010098416A1 PCT/JP2010/053020 JP2010053020W WO2010098416A1 WO 2010098416 A1 WO2010098416 A1 WO 2010098416A1 JP 2010053020 W JP2010053020 W JP 2010053020W WO 2010098416 A1 WO2010098416 A1 WO 2010098416A1
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- Prior art keywords
- less
- phase
- steel sheet
- hot
- dip galvanized
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- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 8
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910001035 Soft ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000219307 Atriplex rosea Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005244 galvannealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0421—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0426—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0421—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0436—Cold rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0463—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
- C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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- C23C2/024—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by cleaning or etching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet excellent in workability suitable as a member used in industrial fields such as automobiles and electricity, and a method for producing the same.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose steel sheets having excellent ductility by specifying chemical components, volume ratios of retained austenite phase and martensite phase, and manufacturing methods thereof.
- the steel plate excellent in ductility is proposed by prescribing
- the steel plate excellent in ductility is proposed by prescribing
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 since the main purpose is to improve the ductility by utilizing the transformation-induced plasticity of the retained austenite phase, the hole expandability is not considered. Therefore, the development of a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having both high ductility and high hole expansibility becomes an issue.
- the present invention provides a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having high strength (tensile strength TS of 590 MPa or more) and excellent workability (high ductility and high hole expansibility) and a method for producing the same.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies to obtain a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having high strength (tensile strength TS of 590 MPa or more) and excellent workability (ductility and hole expansibility). I found the following.
- the positive addition of Si made it possible to improve the ductility by improving the work hardening ability of the ferrite phase, ensure the strength by strengthening the solid solution of the ferrite phase, and improve the hole expandability by reducing the hardness difference from the second phase.
- the ductility is improved by ensuring the stability of the retained austenite phase, and the hardness difference between the soft ferrite phase and the hard martensite phase or the retained austenite phase is built into an intermediate hardness phase called the bainite phase.
- the ease of hole expansion can be improved by reducing the hardness difference.
- the present invention has been made based on the above knowledge and has the following features.
- Component composition is C: 0.04% to 0.15%, Si: 0.7% to 2.3%, Mn: 0.8% to 2.2% by mass%, P : 0.1% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.1% or less, N: 0.008% or less, the balance consists of iron and inevitable impurities, the structure is in area ratio Having a ferrite phase of 70% or more, a bainite phase of 2% or more and 10% or less, and a pearlite phase of 0% or more and 12% or less, and having a retained austenite phase of 1% or more and 8% or less by volume.
- a component composition it contains at least one element selected from Ca: 0.001% to 0.005% and REM: 0.001% to 0.005% in mass%.
- the high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet excellent in workability according to any one of [1] to [4].
- a steel slab having the composition according to any one of [1], [3], [4], and [5] is hot-rolled, pickled, and cold-rolled, and then 8 ° C./s.
- a method for producing a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet excellent in workability characterized in that the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet is cooled down to a temperature of 300 to 550 ° C. for 10 to 200 s and then hot dip galvanized.
- the “high-strength galvanized steel sheet” is a galvanized steel sheet having a tensile strength TS of 590 MPa or more.
- a steel sheet in which zinc is plated on the steel sheet by a hot dip galvanizing method is generically called a hot dip galvanized steel sheet. That is, the hot dip galvanized steel sheet in the present invention includes both a hot dip galvanized steel sheet that has not been subjected to an alloying treatment and an alloyed hot dip galvanized steel sheet that has been subjected to an alloying treatment.
- a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having high strength (tensile strength TS of 590 MPa or more) and excellent workability (high ductility and high hole expansibility) can be obtained.
- fuel efficiency can be improved by reducing the weight of the vehicle body, and the industrial utility value is very large.
- the present inventor further examined utilization of the retained austenite phase and utilization of the pearlite phase, in order to improve the characteristics in the composite structure composed of the ferrite phase, the bainite phase, the pearlite phase, the martensite phase, and the retained austenite phase. We focused on and examined it in detail.
- Si was actively added for the purpose of strengthening the solid solution of the ferrite phase and improving the work hardening ability of the ferrite phase, and by building a composite structure of the ferrite phase, bainite phase, pearlite phase, martensite phase, and retained austenite phase, By reducing the hardness difference between the different phases and optimizing the area of the composite structure, it was possible to achieve both high ductility and high hole expansibility.
- the component composition is C: 0.04% to 0.15%, Si: 0.7% to 2.3%, and Mn: 0.8% to 2.2% by mass%.
- P 0.1% or less
- S 0.01% or less
- Al 0.1% or less
- N 0.008% or less
- the balance consists of iron and unavoidable impurities, It has an area ratio of 70% or more of ferrite phase, 2% or more and 10% or less of bainite phase, and 0% or more and 12% or less of pearlite phase, and volume ratio of 1% or more and 8% or less of retained austenite phase.
- the average crystal grain size of ferrite is 18 ⁇ m or less
- the average crystal grain size of retained austenite is 2 ⁇ m or less.
- C 0.04% or more and 0.15% or less
- C is an austenite generating element, which is an element effective for improving the balance between strength and ductility by compounding the structure. If the C content is less than 0.04%, it is difficult to ensure the necessary residual ⁇ content and bainite area ratio. On the other hand, when the amount of C exceeds 0.15% and is added excessively, the area ratio of the hard martensite phase exceeds 5%, and the hole expandability deteriorates. Further, the welded portion and the heat-affected zone are hardened, and the mechanical properties of the welded portion are deteriorated. Therefore, C is set to 0.04% or more and 0.15% or less. Preferably they are 0.05% or more and 0.13% or less.
- Si 0.7% or more and 2.3% or less Si is a ferrite-forming element and also an element effective for solid solution strengthening. In order to improve the balance between strength and ductility and ensure the strength of the ferrite phase, it is necessary to add 0.7% or more. In addition, addition of 0.7% or more is necessary to ensure the stability of retained austenite. However, excessive addition of Si causes deterioration of surface properties, plating adhesion, and adhesion due to generation of red scale and the like. Therefore, Si is made 0.7% to 2.3%. Preferably, it is 1.0% or more and 1.8% or less.
- Mn 0.8% or more and 2.2% or less
- Mn is an element effective for strengthening steel.
- it is an element that stabilizes austenite, and is an element necessary for adjusting the fraction of the second phase.
- it is necessary to add 0.8% or more of Mn.
- Mn is made 0.8% or more and 2.2% or less. Preferably they are 1.0% or more and 2.0% or less.
- P 0.1% or less
- P is an element effective for strengthening steel.
- embrittlement occurs due to segregation at the grain boundaries and impact resistance is deteriorated.
- P is set to 0.1% or less.
- S 0.01% or less S is an inclusion such as MnS, which causes deterioration in impact resistance and cracks along the metal flow of the weld.
- To S is set to 0.01% or less.
- Al 0.1% or less
- the addition amount is preferably 0.01% or more.
- the Al content is 0.1% or less, preferably 0.01 to 0.1%.
- N 0.008% or less
- N is an element that causes the most deterioration of the aging resistance of the steel, and it is preferably as small as possible. If it exceeds 0.008%, the deterioration of the aging resistance becomes significant. Therefore, N is set to 0.008% or less.
- the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
- the following alloy elements can be added as necessary.
- Cr 0.05% to 1.2%, V: 0.005% to 1.0%, Mo: at least one selected from 0.005% to 0.5% Cr, V, and Mo are Since it has the effect
- the effect is obtained when Cr: 0.05% or more, V: 0.005% or more, and Mo: 0.005% or more.
- Cr is added in excess of 1.2%, V: 1.0%, and Mo: 0.5%, respectively, the second phase fraction becomes excessive and concerns such as a decrease in hole expansibility occur. .
- the cost increases. Therefore, when these elements are added, the amounts are set to Cr: 1.2% or less, V: 1.0% or less, and Mo: 0.5% or less, respectively.
- one or more elements can be contained from the following Ti, Nb, B, Ni, and Cu.
- Nb 0.01% or more and 0.1% or less
- Ti 0.01% or more and 0.1% or less
- Nb 0.01% or more and 0.1% or less
- Ti is effective for precipitation strengthening of steel, and the effect is obtained at 0.01% or more, If it is within the range specified in the present invention, it may be used for strengthening steel. However, when each exceeds 0.1%, workability and shape freezing property will fall. In addition, the cost increases. Therefore, when adding Ti and Nb, the addition amount is set to 0.01% to 0.1% for Ti and 0.01% to 0.1% for Nb.
- B 0.0003% or more and 0.0050% or less B has an action of suppressing the formation / growth of ferrite from the austenite grain boundary, and can be added as necessary. The effect is obtained at 0.0003% or more. However, if it exceeds 0.0050%, the workability decreases. In addition, the cost increases. Therefore, when adding B, it is made 0.0003% or more and 0.0050% or less.
- Ni and Cu are elements effective for strengthening steel, and steel is within the range defined in the present invention. It can be used for strengthening. It also promotes internal oxidation and improves plating adhesion. In order to obtain these effects, 0.05% or more is required. On the other hand, if both Ni and Cu are added in excess of 2.0%, the workability of the steel sheet is lowered. In addition, the cost increases. Therefore, when adding Ni and Cu, the addition amount is 0.05% or more and 2.0% or less, respectively.
- Ca at least one selected from 0.001% or more and 0.005% or less
- REM 0.001% or more and 0.005% or less
- Ca and REM are sulfides that spheroidize the shape of the sulfide and make it expandable It is an effective element to improve the adverse effects of In order to obtain this effect, 0.001% or more is required for each. However, excessive addition causes an increase in inclusions and causes surface and internal defects. Therefore, when Ca and REM are added, the addition amounts are 0.001% or more and 0.005% or less, respectively.
- Area ratio of ferrite phase 70% or more In order to ensure good ductility, the ferrite phase needs to have an area ratio of 70% or more.
- the area ratio of bainite phase 2% or more and 10% or less In order to ensure good hole expansibility, the bainite phase needs to have an area ratio of 2% or more. On the other hand, in order to ensure good ductility, the bainite phase is 10% or less.
- the area ratio of the bainite phase referred to here is the area ratio of the bainitic ferrite phase (ferrite with high dislocation density) to the observation area.
- the pearlite phase 0% or more and 12% or less
- the pearlite phase needs to be 12% or less in terms of area ratio.
- the pearlite having an intermediate hardness that relaxes the hardness difference between soft ferrite and hard martensite is 2% or more. Therefore, it is preferably 2% or more and 10% or less.
- volume ratio of retained austenite phase 1% or more and 8% or less
- the retained austenite phase needs to be 1% or more by volume ratio.
- the volume ratio of a retained austenite phase exceeds 8%, the hard martensite phase produced
- Average crystal grain size of ferrite 18 ⁇ m or less
- the average crystal grain size of ferrite needs to be 18 ⁇ m or less.
- the dispersion state of the second phase that exists in the grain boundary of the ferrite is locally dense, and a structure in which the second phase is uniformly dispersed cannot be obtained. There is also a possibility that the hole expandability is lowered.
- Average crystal grain size of retained austenite 2 ⁇ m or less
- the average crystal grain size of residual austenite needs to be 2 ⁇ m or less.
- Area ratio of martensite phase 1% or more and 5% or less
- the martensite phase needs to have an area ratio of 1% or more.
- the area ratio of a hard martensite phase shall be 5% or less.
- carbides such as tempered martensite phase, tempered bainite phase, and cementite may be generated.
- the object of the present invention can be achieved if the area ratio of the bainite phase, the volume ratio of the retained austenite phase, and the average crystal grain size of ferrite and retained austenite are satisfied.
- the area ratio of the ferrite phase, bainite phase (bainitic ferrite phase), pearlite phase, and martensite phase in the present invention is the area ratio of each phase in the observation area.
- the high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet of the present invention is 650 at an average heating rate of 8 ° C./s or higher after hot-rolling, pickling and cold-rolling a steel slab having a component composition suitable for the above-mentioned component composition range.
- a temperature range of 750 to 900 ° C. maintained at a temperature range of 750 to 900 ° C. for 15 to 600 s, and then cooled to a temperature range of 300 to 550 ° C. at an average cooling rate of 3 to 80 ° C./s. It can be produced by a method of holding for 10 to 200 s in a temperature range of 550 ° C., followed by hot dip galvanization and, if necessary, galvanizing alloying treatment in a temperature range of 520 to 600 ° C.
- the base steel sheet for plating is a cold-rolled steel sheet, but the base steel sheet for plating can also be a steel sheet after hot rolling and pickling.
- the steel having the above component composition is melted by a generally known process, then formed into a slab through a lump or continuous casting, and then into a hot coil through hot rolling.
- the conditions are not particularly limited, but the slab is heated to 1100 to 1300 ° C., hot rolled at a final finishing temperature of 850 ° C. or higher, and wound on a steel strip at 400 to 750 ° C. It is preferable.
- the coiling temperature exceeds 750 ° C., the carbides in the hot-rolled sheet become coarse, and such coarsened carbides dissolve during soaking during short-time annealing after hot rolling, pickling or cold rolling. In some cases, the required strength cannot be obtained.
- cold rolling is performed as necessary.
- the temperature range to be heated is less than 650 ° C. or the average heating rate is less than 8 ° C./s
- fine and evenly dispersed during annealing An austenite phase is not generated, a structure in which the second phase is locally concentrated in the final structure is formed, and it is difficult to ensure good hole expandability.
- the average heating rate is less than 8 ° C./s, a longer furnace than usual is required, which causes an increase in cost and a decrease in production efficiency due to a large energy consumption.
- DFF Direct Fired Furnace
- DFF Direct Fired Furnace
- the present invention it is kept for 15 to 600 s in a temperature range of 750 to 900 ° C.
- for annealing in a temperature range of 750 to 900 ° C., specifically, an austenite single phase region or a two-phase region of an austenite phase and a ferrite phase And hold for 15 to 600 s.
- the annealing temperature is less than 750 ° C. or when the annealing time is less than 15 s, the hard cementite in the steel sheet is not sufficiently dissolved, or the recrystallization of ferrite is not completed, and the target retained austenite phase It becomes difficult to ensure the volume ratio, and ductility is reduced.
- Cooling to a temperature range of 300 to 550 ° C at an average cooling rate of 3 to 80 ° C / s If the average cooling rate is less than 3 ° C / s, most of the second phase becomes pearlite or cementite during cooling In particular, the retained austenite phase can hardly be secured and the ductility is lowered.
- the average cooling rate exceeds 80 ° C./s the ferrite formation is not sufficient, the desired ferrite area ratio cannot be obtained, and the ductility is lowered.
- the upper limit of the average cooling rate is preferably 15 ° C./s from the viewpoint of obtaining a desired structure.
- the cooling stop temperature is less than 300 ° C.
- the bainite transformation is not promoted, and the bainite phase and the retained austenite phase are hardly present, so that the desired ductility cannot be obtained.
- the cooling stop temperature exceeds 550 ° C., most of the untransformed austenite becomes cementite and pearlite, and it becomes difficult to obtain the target area ratio of the bainite phase and the volume ratio of the retained austenite phase, and the ductility is lowered.
- the steel sheet is infiltrated into a normal bath temperature plating bath to perform hot dip galvanization, and the amount of adhesion is adjusted by gas wiping or the like.
- Untransformed austenite with a large amount of dissolved C produced by promoting bainite transformation has a small amount of pearlite transformation (or cementite) even when heated to the above temperature range by alloying treatment, and is a stable residual austenite phase.
- untransformed austenite with a small amount of dissolved C is mostly pearlite transformed (or cementite) when heated to the above temperature range.
- the alloying treatment temperature is higher than 600 ° C, the final structure is mostly composed of ferrite phase, pearlite phase, and bainite phase, and there is almost no residual austenite phase and martensite phase, ensuring desired strength and good ductility. It becomes difficult.
- the alloying treatment temperature is lower than 520 ° C.
- the amount of untransformed austenite phase with a small amount of dissolved C is pearlite, and finally transforms into martensite.
- the final structure is composed of ferrite phase, bainite phase, retained austenite phase, 5% or more martensite phase, and the heterogeneous interface with a large hardness difference between the soft ferrite phase and the hard martensite phase greatly increases. , Hole expansibility decreases.
- alloying treatment is performed at a high temperature range of 520 to 600 ° C., and the final structure is composed of ferrite phase, pearlite phase, bainite phase, residual austenite phase, and By using a small amount of martensite phase of 5% or less, it is possible to further improve the hole expanding property while ensuring good ductility.
- the alloying temperature is less than 520 ° C.
- the area ratio of the martensite phase exceeds 5%, and the hard martensite phase is adjacent to the soft ferrite phase, so a large hardness difference occurs between the different phases. , Hole expansibility decreases. Moreover, the adhesiveness of the hot dip galvanized layer is deteriorated.
- the temperature of the alloying treatment exceeds 600 ° C., most of the untransformed austenite becomes cementite or pearlite, and as a result, a desired retained austenite amount cannot be ensured and ductility is lowered.
- the temperature range of the alloying treatment is more preferably in the range of 540 to 590 ° C. in order to achieve both good ductility and hole expandability.
- the holding temperature does not need to be constant as long as it is within the above-mentioned temperature range, and even if the cooling rate changes during cooling, it may be within the specified range.
- the gist of the present invention is not impaired.
- the steel sheet may be heat-treated by any equipment.
- temper rolling of the steel sheet of the present invention for shape correction after heat treatment is also included in the scope of the present invention. In the present invention, it is assumed that the steel material is manufactured through normal steelmaking, casting, and hot rolling processes, but the manufacturing process is performed by omitting part or all of the hot rolling process by thin casting, for example. You may do it.
- a steel having the composition shown in Table 1 and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities was melted in a converter and made into a slab by a continuous casting method.
- the obtained slab was heated to 1200 ° C., hot-rolled to a plate thickness of 3.2 mm at a finishing temperature of 870 to 920 ° C., and wound at 520 ° C.
- the obtained hot-rolled sheet was pickled and then cold-rolled to produce a cold-rolled steel sheet.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet obtained above was subjected to an annealing treatment under the production conditions shown in Table 2 using a continuous hot-dip galvanizing line, and after the hot-dip galvanizing treatment, a heat treatment at 520 to 600 ° C. was further applied. Alloying hot dip galvanizing treatment was performed to obtain an alloyed hot dip galvanized steel sheet. About some steel plates, the hot dip galvanized steel plate which does not give the alloying process of plating was manufactured.
- No. Nos. 39, 40, 43, 44, 45, 49, and 54 have thicknesses of up to 2.6 mm.
- Nos. 41, 46, 47, 50 and 53 have thicknesses of up to 2.3 mm.
- Nos. 42 and 48 have thicknesses of up to 2.0 mm.
- No. 51 is up to a plate thickness of 2.4 mm.
- No. 52 performs hot rolling to a plate thickness of 1.9 mm.
- the area ratio of ferrite phase, bainite phase, pearlite phase, martensite phase with respect to the obtained hot dip galvanized steel sheet was corroded with 3% nital after polishing the plate thickness section parallel to the rolling direction of the steel sheet, and SEM Ten fields of view were observed using a (scanning electron microscope) at a magnification of 2000 times, and obtained using Image-Pro of Media Cybernetics.
- the average crystal grain size of ferrite was obtained by calculating the area of each ferrite grain using the above-mentioned Image-Pro, calculating the equivalent circle diameter, and averaging these values.
- the volume ratio of retained austenite was determined by polishing the steel plate to a 1 ⁇ 4 surface in the plate thickness direction and diffracting X-ray intensity of the 1 ⁇ 4 surface thickness. CoK ⁇ rays are used as incident X-rays, and all of the integrated intensities of the peaks of the residual austenite phase ⁇ 200 ⁇ , ⁇ 220 ⁇ , ⁇ 311 ⁇ plane and the ferrite phase ⁇ 220 ⁇ , ⁇ 200 ⁇ , ⁇ 211 ⁇ plane The strength ratio was determined for each of the combinations, and the average value thereof was taken as the volume ratio of the retained austenite phase.
- the average crystal grain size of retained austenite was determined by observing 10 or more retained austenite using TEM (transmission electron microscope) and averaging the crystal grain size.
- the tensile test is performed in accordance with JIS Z2241, using a JIS No. 5 test piece sampled so that the tensile direction is perpendicular to the rolling direction of the steel sheet, and TS (tensile strength), El (total elongation) ) was measured.
- the hole expansibility was measured for the hot dip galvanized steel sheet (GI steel sheet, GA steel sheet) obtained as described above.
- the hole expandability (stretch flangeability) was performed in accordance with Japan Iron and Steel Federation standard JFST1001. After each steel plate obtained was cut into 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm, a hole with a diameter of 10 mm was punched with a clearance of 12% ⁇ 1% when the plate thickness ⁇ 2.0 mm and with a clearance of 12% ⁇ 2% when the plate thickness ⁇ 2.0 mm.
- Limit hole expansion ratio ⁇ (%) ⁇ (D f ⁇ D 0 ) / D 0 ⁇ ⁇ 100
- D f hole diameter at crack initiation (mm) D 0 is the initial hole diameter (mm).
- the r value is JISZ2201 No. 5 test from the galvanized steel sheet from the L direction (rolling direction), the D direction (a direction that makes 45 ° with the rolling direction), and the C direction (a direction that makes 90 ° with the rolling direction).
- a piece was cut out, r L , r D , and r C were determined according to JISZ2254, and the r value was calculated by the following equation (1).
- r value (r L + 2r D + r C ) / 4 (1)
- the deep drawing test was performed by a cylindrical drawing test, and the deep drawing property was evaluated by a limit drawing ratio (LDR).
- LDR limit drawing ratio
- a cylindrical punch having a diameter of 33 mm was used for the test, and a die having a die diameter of 33 + 3 ⁇ plate thickness mm was used.
- the test was performed at a wrinkle holding force of 1 ton and a molding speed of 1 mm / s. Since the sliding state of the surface changes depending on the plating state or the like, the test was performed under a high lubrication condition by placing a polyethylene sheet between the sample and the die so that the sliding state of the surface does not affect the test.
- the blank diameter was changed at a pitch of 1 mm, and the ratio (D / d) of blank diameter D to punch diameter d (D / d) that was not ruptured and squeezed out was defined as LDR.
- All of the high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheets of the examples of the present invention have a TS of 590 MPa or more, and are excellent in ductility and hole expandability. It can also be seen that TS ⁇ El ⁇ 20000 MPa ⁇ % has a high balance between strength and ductility, and is a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet with excellent workability. On the other hand, in the comparative example, any one or more of strength, ductility, and hole expandability is inferior.
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Abstract
Description
Cはオーステナイト生成元素であり、組織を複合化し、強度と延性のバランスの向上に有効な元素である。C量が0.04%未満では、必要な残留γ量およびベイナイト面積率の確保が難しい。一方、C量が0.15%を超えて過剰に添加すると、硬質なマルテンサイト相の面積率が5%を越え、穴広げ性が低下する。また、溶接部および熱影響部の硬化が著しく、溶接部の機械的特性が劣化する。よって、Cは0.04%以上0.15%以下とする。好ましくは0.05%以上0.13%以下である。
Siはフェライト生成元素であり、また、固溶強化に有効な元素でもある。そして、強度と延性のバランスの向上およびフェライト相の強度確保のためには0.7%以上の添加が必要である。また、残留オーステナイトの安定確保のためにも0.7%以上の添加が必要である。しかしながら、Siの過剰な添加は、赤スケール等の発生により表面性状の劣化や、めっき付着・密着性の劣化を引き起こす。よって、Siは0.7%以上2.3%以下とする。好ましくは、1.0%以上1.8%以下である。
Mnは、鋼の強化に有効な元素である。また、オーステナイトを安定化させる元素であり、第二相の分率調整に必要な元素である。このためには、Mnは0.8%以上の添加が必要である。一方、2.2%を超えて過剰に添加すると、第二相分率過大となりフェライト面積率の確保が困難となる。また近年、Mnの合金コストが高騰しているため、コストアップの要因にもなる。従って、Mnは0.8%以上2.2%以下とする。好ましくは1.0%以上2.0%以下である。
Pは、鋼の強化に有効な元素であるが、0.1%を超えて過剰に添加すると、粒界偏析により脆化を引き起こし、耐衝撃性を劣化させる。また、0.1%を越えると合金化速度を大幅に遅延させる。従って、Pは0.1%以下とする。
Sは、MnSなどの介在物となって、耐衝撃性の劣化や溶接部のメタルフローに沿った割れの原因となるので極力低い方がよいが、製造コストの面からSは0.01%以下とする。
Alは鋼の脱酸のために添加される場合、0.01%未満ではMnやSiなどの粗大な酸化物が鋼中に多数分散して材質が劣化することになるため、添加量を0.01%以上とするのが好ましい。しかし、Al量が0.1%を超えると、表面性状の劣化を招く。よって、Al量は0.1%以下とし、好ましくは、0.01~0.1%とする。
Nは、鋼の耐時効性を最も大きく劣化させる元素であり、少ないほど好ましく、0.008%を超えると耐時効性の劣化が顕著となる。従って、Nは0.008%以下とする。
残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物である。ただし、これらの成分元素に加えて、以下の合金元素を必要に応じて添加することができる。
Cr、V、Moは焼鈍温度からの冷却時にパーライトの生成を制御する作用を有するので必要に応じて添加することができる。その効果は、Cr:0.05%以上、V:0.005%以上、Mo:0.005%以上で得られる。しかしながら、それぞれCr:1.2%、V:1.0%、Mo:0.5%を超えて過剰に添加すると、第二相分率が過大となり、穴広げ性の低下などの懸念が生じる。また、コストアップの要因にもなる。したがって、これらの元素を添加する場合には、その量をそれぞれCr:1.2%以下、V:1.0%以下、Mo:0.5%以下とする。
Ti、Nbは鋼の析出強化に有効で、その効果はそれぞれ0.01%以上で得られ、本発明で規定した範囲内であれば鋼の強化に使用して差し支えない。しかし、それぞれが0.1%を超えると加工性および形状凍結性が低下する。また、コストアップの要因にもなる。従って、Ti、Nbを添加する場合には,その添加量をTiは0.01%以上0.1%以下、Nbは0.01%以上0.1%以下とする。
Bはオーステナイト粒界からのフェライトの生成・成長を抑制する作用を有するので必要に応じて添加することができる。その効果は,0.0003%以上で得られる。しかし、0.0050%を超えると加工性が低下する。また、コストアップの要因にもなる。従って、Bを添加する場合は0.0003%以上0.0050%以下とする。
Ni、Cuは鋼の強化に有効な元素であり、本発明で規定した範囲内であれば鋼の強化に使用して差し支えない。また内部酸化を促進してめっき密着性を向上させる。これらの効果を得るためには,それぞれ0.05%以上必要である。一方、Ni、Cuともに2.0%を超えて添加すると、鋼板の加工性を低下させる。また、コストアップの要因にもなる。よって、Ni、Cuを添加する場合に、その添加量はそれぞれ0.05%以上2.0%以下とする。
CaおよびREMは、硫化物の形状を球状化し穴広げ性への硫化物の悪影響を改善するために有効な元素である。この効果を得るためには、それぞれ0.001%以上必要である。しかしながら、過剰な添加は,介在物等の増加を引き起こし表面および内部欠陥などを引き起こす。したがって、Ca、REMを添加する場合は、その添加量はそれぞれ0.001%以上0.005%以下とする。
良好な延性を確保するためには、フェライト相は面積率で70%以上必要である。
良好な穴広げ性を確保するために、ベイナイト相は面積率で2%以上必要である。一方、良好な延性を確保するために、ベイナイト相は10%以下とする。なお、ここで云うベイナイト相の面積率とは、観察面積に占めるベイニティックフェライト相(転位密度の高いフェライト)の面積割合のことである。
パーライト相の面積率が12%を超える場合、必要な残留オーステナイト量が確保できず、延性が低下する。そのため、良好な延性を確保するためには、パーライト相は面積率で12%以下である必要がある。一方、良好な穴広げ性を確保するため、軟質なフェライトと硬質なマルテンサイトの硬度差を緩和する中間硬度のパーライトが2%以上ある方が好ましい。よって、好ましくは、2%以上10%以下である。
良好な延性を確保するためには、残留オーステナイト相は体積率で1%以上必要である。また、残留オーステナイト相の体積率が8%を超える場合、穴広げ加工時に残留オーステナイト相が変態して生成される硬質なマルテンサイト相が増大し、穴広げ性が低下する。そのため、良好な穴広げ性を確保するためには、残留オーステナイト相は体積率で8%以下である必要がある。好ましくは、2%以上6%以下である。
所望の強度を確保するためには,フェライトの平均結晶粒径が18μm以下である必要がある。また、フェライトの平均結晶粒径が18μmを超える場合、フェライトの粒界に多く存在する第二相の分散状態が局部的に密になり、第二相が均一に分散した組織が得られず、穴広げ性の低下も招く可能性がある。
良好な穴広げ性を確保するためには、残留オーステナイトの平均結晶粒径は2μm以下である必要がある。
所望の強度を確保するために、マルテンサイト相は面積率で1%以上必要である。また、良好な穴広げ性を確保するために、硬質なマルテンサイト相の面積率は5%以下とする。
加熱する温度域が650℃未満、または、平均加熱速度が8℃/s未満の場合、焼鈍中に微細で均一に分散したオーステナイト相が生成されず、最終組織において第2相が局所的に集中して存在する組織が形成され、良好な穴広げ性の確保が困難である。また、平均加熱速度が8℃/s未満の場合、通常よりも長い炉が必要となり、多大なエネルギー消費にともなうコスト増と生産効率の悪化を引き起こす。また、加熱炉としてDFF(Direct Fired Furnace)を用いることが好ましい。これは、DFFによる急速加熱により、内部酸化層を形成させ、Si、Mn等の酸化物の鋼板最表層への濃化を防ぎ、良好なめっき性を確保するためである。
本発明では、焼鈍のため、750~900℃の温度域にて、具体的には、オーステナイト単相域、もしくはオーステナイト相とフェライト相の二相域で、15~600s保持する。焼鈍温度が750℃未満の場合や、焼鈍時間が15s未満の場合には、鋼板中の硬質なセメンタイトが十分に溶解しない場合や、フェライトの再結晶が完了せず、目標とする残留オーステナイト相の体積率の確保が困難となり、延性が低下する。一方、焼鈍温度が900℃を超える場合や焼鈍時間が600sを超える場合は、焼鈍中にオーステナイトが粗大化し、冷却停止直後には第二相の殆どがCの希薄な未変態オーステナイトになる。このため後の300~550℃の温度域にて10~200s保持する工程でベイナイト変態が進行し炭化物を含むベイナイトが多く生成され,マルテンサイト相、残留オーステナイト相が殆ど確保できず、所望の強度と良好な延性の確保が困難となる。また、多大なエネルギー消費にともなうコスト増を引き起こす場合がある。
平均冷却速度が3℃/s未満の場合、冷却中に第二相の大半がパーライト化、もしくは、セメンタイト化し、最終的に残留オーステナイト相が殆ど確保できず、延性が低下する。平均冷却速度が80℃/sを超える場合、フェライト生成が十分でなく、所望のフェライト面積率が得られず、延性が低下する。特に、溶融亜鉛めっき後に合金化処理を施さない場合には、当該平均冷却速度の上限は、所望の組織を得る点から、15℃/sとすることが好ましい。また、冷却停止温度が300℃未満の場合、ベイナイト変態が促進せず、ベイナイト相、残留オーステナイト相がほとんど存在しない組織となるため、所望の延性が得られない。冷却停止温度が550℃を超える場合、未変態オーステナイトの殆どがセメンタイト、および、パーライト化し、目標とするベイナイト相の面積率および残留オーステナイト相の体積率を得ることが困難となり、延性が低下する。
保持温度が300℃未満または550℃を超える場合、または保持時間が10s未満の場合は、ベイナイト変態が促進せず、ベイナイト相、残留オーステナイト相が殆ど存在しない組織になるため、所望の延性を得られない。また、保持時間が200sを超える場合、ベイナイト変態の過剰促進により、第2相の殆どがベイナイト相とセメンタイトになる。そのため、最終組織がマルテンサイトを殆ど含まない組織となり、所望の強度の確保が困難となる。
実使用時の防錆能向上を目的として、表面に溶融亜鉛めっき処理を施す。その場合、プレス成形性、スポット溶接性および塗料密着性を確保するために、めっき後に熱処理を施してめっき層中に鋼板のFeを拡散させた、合金化溶融亜鉛めっきが多く使用される。この温度域で亜鉛めっきの合金化処理を施すことは、本発明において重要な要件の1つである。ベイナイト変態促進により生成された固溶C量の多い未変態オーステナイトは、合金化処理により上記温度域まで加熱されてもパーライト変態(もしくは、セメンタイト化)する量は少なく、安定な残留オーステナイト相として多く残存するのに対して、固溶C量の少ない未変態オーステナイトは、上記温度域まで加熱されるとその大半がパーライト変態(もしくは、セメンタイト化)する。合金化処理温度が600℃より高い場合、最終組織はフェライト相、パーライト相、ベイナイト相が殆どを占め、残留オーステナイト相、マルテンサイト相が殆ど存在しない組織となり、所望の強度と良好な延性の確保が困難となる。また、合金化処理温度が520℃より低い場合、固溶C量の少ない未変態オーステナイト相がパーライト化する量は少なく、最終的にマルテンサイトに変態する。つまり、最終組織はフェライト相、ベイナイト相、残留オーステナイト相、5%以上のマルテンサイト相から構成され、上記の軟質なフェライト相と硬質なマルテンサイト相の硬度差が大きい異相界面が大幅に増加し、穴広げ性が低下する。そこで、最終組織の硬質なマルテンサイト相を低減させる目的で、520~600℃と高い温度域で合金化処理を行い、最終組織構成をフェライト相、パーライト相、ベイナイト相、残留オーステナイト相、そして、5%以下の少量のマルテンサイト相にすることで、良好な延性を確保しつつ、さらなる穴広げ性の向上が可能となる。
ただし、Dfは亀裂発生時の穴径(mm)、D0は初期穴径(mm)である。
r値=(rL+2rD+rC)/4 ・・・(1)
Claims (9)
- 成分組成は、質量%でC:0.04%以上0.15%以下、Si:0.7%以上2.3%以下、Mn:0.8%以上2.2%以下、P:0.1%以下、S:0.01%以下、Al:0.1%以下、N:0.008%以下を含有し、残部が鉄および不可避的不純物からなり、組織は、面積率で、70%以上のフェライト相と2%以上10%以下のベイナイト相と0%以上12%以下のパーライト相を有し、体積率で、1%以上8%以下の残留オーステナイト相を有し、かつ、フェライトの平均結晶粒径が18μm以下で、残留オーステナイトの平均結晶粒径が2μm以下であることを特徴とする加工性に優れた高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板。
- さらに、面積率で、1%以上5%以下のマルテンサイト相を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の加工性に優れた高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板。
- さらに、成分組成として、質量%で、Cr:0.05%以上1.2%以下、V:0.005%以上1.0%以下、Mo:0.005%以上0.5%以下から選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素を含有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の加工性に優れた高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板。
- さらに、成分組成として、質量%で、Ti:0.01%以上0.1%以下、Nb:0.01%以上0.1%以下、B:0.0003%以上0.0050%以下、Ni:0.05%以上2.0%以下、Cu:0.05%以上2.0%以下から選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素を含有することを特徴とする請求項1~3いずれかに記載の加工性に優れた高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板。
- さらに、成分組成として、質量%で、Ca:0.001%以上0.005%以下、REM:0.001%以上0.005%以下から選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素を含有することを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の加工性に優れた高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板。
- 亜鉛めっきが合金化亜鉛めっきであることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の加工性に優れた高強度合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板。
- 請求項1、3、4、5のいずれかに記載の成分組成を有する鋼スラブを、熱間圧延、酸洗、冷間圧延した後、8℃/s以上の平均加熱速度で650℃以上の温度域まで加熱し、750~900℃の温度域で15~600s保持し、次いで、3~80℃/sの平均冷却速度で300~550℃の温度域まで冷却し、該300~550℃の温度域にて10~200s保持し、次いで、溶融亜鉛めっきを施すことを特徴とする加工性に優れた高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
- 請求項1、3、4、5のいずれかに記載の成分組成を有する鋼スラブを、熱間圧延、酸洗した後、8℃/s以上の平均加熱速度で650℃以上の温度域まで加熱し、750~900℃の温度域で15~600s保持し、次いで、3~80℃/sの平均冷却速度で300~550℃の温度域まで冷却し、該300~550℃の温度域にて10~200s保持し、次いで、溶融亜鉛めっきを施すことを特徴とする加工性に優れた高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
- 溶融亜鉛めっきを施した後、520~600℃の温度域で亜鉛めっきの合金化処理を施すことを特徴とする請求項7または8に記載の加工性に優れた高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
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US20120279617A1 (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2012-11-08 | Jfe Steel Corporation | High strength galvanized steel sheet having excellent fatigue resistance and stretch flangeability and method for manufacturing the same |
US20130048155A1 (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2013-02-28 | Jfe Steel Corporation | High-strength galvanized steel sheet having excellent formability and spot weldability and method for manufacturing the same |
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CN103732777A (zh) * | 2011-08-05 | 2014-04-16 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | 热镀锌钢板及其制造方法 |
US10337094B2 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2019-07-02 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Hot-dip galvanized steel sheet and production method therefor |
US20140332119A1 (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2014-11-13 | Jfe Steel Corporation | High strength cold rolled steel sheet with high yield ratio and method for producing the same |
US9994941B2 (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2018-06-12 | Jfe Steel Corporation | High strength cold rolled steel sheet with high yield ratio and method for producing the same |
WO2023162381A1 (ja) * | 2022-02-28 | 2023-08-31 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 鋼板、部材、それらの製造方法、冷延鋼板用熱延鋼板の製造方法及び冷延鋼板の製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20120037282A1 (en) | 2012-02-16 |
EP2402470A1 (en) | 2012-01-04 |
JP2010255097A (ja) | 2010-11-11 |
TW201042057A (en) | 2010-12-01 |
US8784578B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 |
CN102333901B (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
CN102333901A (zh) | 2012-01-25 |
KR101329928B1 (ko) | 2013-11-14 |
TWI418640B (zh) | 2013-12-11 |
JP4998756B2 (ja) | 2012-08-15 |
KR20110110368A (ko) | 2011-10-06 |
EP2402470B1 (en) | 2018-11-14 |
EP2402470A4 (en) | 2017-04-26 |
CA2751411A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
CA2751411C (en) | 2016-09-06 |
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