WO2010093026A1 - ろ過装置およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
ろ過装置およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010093026A1 WO2010093026A1 PCT/JP2010/052105 JP2010052105W WO2010093026A1 WO 2010093026 A1 WO2010093026 A1 WO 2010093026A1 JP 2010052105 W JP2010052105 W JP 2010052105W WO 2010093026 A1 WO2010093026 A1 WO 2010093026A1
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- filtration
- filter medium
- filter
- raw water
- Prior art date
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000009287 sand filtration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000011045 prefiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 specifically Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/62—Regenerating the filter material in the filter
- B01D29/66—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by flushing, e.g. counter-current air-bumps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/04—Feed pretreatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/145—Ultrafiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/16—Feed pretreatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B13/00—Conduits for emptying or ballasting; Self-bailing equipment; Scuppers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
- C02F1/004—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using large scale industrial sized filters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/16—Flow or flux control
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/42—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from bathing facilities, e.g. swimming pools
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/005—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/40—Liquid flow rate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a filtration device used for water filtration in, for example, pools and hot springs and water filtration in seawater desalination plants.
- sand filtration devices are used for circulating filtration of bathtubs and pool water.
- a sand filter is made by, for example, layering a layer of sand on a layer of gravel and passing water through these layers to remove fine debris and suspended matters in the water. Therefore, there is a demerit that a large installation space is required.
- membrane filtration devices that use membranes made of synthetic resin that can remove smaller particles.
- the membrane filtration device is smaller than the sand filtration device and can be installed in a small space (for example, Patent Document 1).
- the surface filter is a filter that captures foreign matters on the surface of the filter medium.
- the surface filter is used for high-accuracy filtration that increases the amount of foreign matter collected while increasing the filtration surface area to reduce the filtration resistance.
- the surface filter can be used repeatedly by backwashing, but the amount of foreign matter collected is small compared to the depth filter, so it is not suitable for filtering relatively dirty water, and it is also expensive. It will be limited.
- Depth filter is a filter that traps foreign matter in the gaps between the filter media. Since the amount of foreign matter to be collected is large, it is also used for relatively dirty filtration. The depth filter is less expensive than the surface filter, but it captures foreign substances not by the surface of the filter medium but by the gaps between the filter medium, so it is harder to perform back-flow cleaning than the surface filter.
- ultrafine particles caught in the gaps between the filter media during backwashing may accumulate in the filtered water immediately after resumption of filtration, and the filtered water may appear cloudy. These fine particles are smaller than the pore size of the depth filter, and even if they exist in the filtered water, there is no problem, but such turbidity may be a problem depending on the application.
- Seawater desalination plants treat seawater with reverse osmosis membranes, etc., but sand filters are often installed as prefilters to remove various particulate matter present in seawater.
- larvae such as planktons, algae, crustaceans, and shellfish that exist in seawater attach to the sand filter device, and the sand filter device may malfunction due to growth and reproduction.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and includes a filtration unit that can suppress initial introduction costs and maintenance management costs to a low level, and provides a small-sized filtration device that can suppress turbidity of filtered water. It is aimed. Furthermore, it aims at providing the filtration apparatus which acts as a pre filter of a sand filtration apparatus as an alternative of a sand filtration apparatus, and can extend the lifetime of an apparatus.
- a filtration device is a filtration device that includes a filter medium and a housing that accommodates the filter medium, and has a filtration unit that filters raw water.
- the filter medium is a depth filter having a pore diameter of 1 to 25 ⁇ m, and further, a communication path for connecting a filtrate water path connected to the filtrate outlet and a discharge path connected to the outlet, and opening and closing the communication path And an opening / closing valve.
- a gas or a liquid is used, preferably a gas, and more preferably an inert gas such as air or nitrogen. If the pore diameter is less than 1 ⁇ m, clogging occurs and pressure loss increases. Moreover, when the pore diameter exceeds 25 ⁇ m, suspended matters in the filtered water become conspicuous.
- the pore diameter is defined as follows. Particles having a certain diameter, preferably spherical polystyrene or glass beads added at a rate of 10,000 / L in water, are applied to a depth filter (outer diameter 60 mm, inner diameter 30 mm, length 250 mm) at 25 ° C. and 1.0 m 3 / h. The number of particles that passed through the depth filter was measured with an optical counter, and the difference in the number of particles present in the liquid before and after the water flow was divided by the number of particles present in the liquid before the water flow. The obtained collection rate (R%) is measured for a plurality of particles, and the value of the diameter (S) of the particles at which R is 90 in the following approximate expression (1) is obtained based on the measured values.
- m and a are constants determined by the properties of the depth filter. For example, when the diameter of the particles is 1 ⁇ m, the liquid added with spherical polystyrene fine particles (10,000 particles / L) is passed through a depth filter (outer diameter 60 mm, inner diameter 30 mm, length 250 mm) under the above conditions. Measurement is possible.
- a depth filter having a pore diameter of 1 to 25 ⁇ m is used as the filter medium, so that the suspended matter with a conspicuous size can be sufficiently removed and the initial introduction cost can be reduced as compared with the case of using the surface filter. be able to.
- the filtration performance of the filter medium can be recovered and used, so the frequency of replacement of the filter medium can be reduced, and maintenance costs can be reduced.
- the open / close valve is provided immediately after the backwashing, the filtered water containing fine particles is discharged into the drainage passage and becomes cloudy. The filtered water can be prevented from flowing.
- this filter when used as an alternative to a sand filter or as a pre-filter for a sand filter, it prevents the planktons present in the water from attaching to the sand filter and extends the life of the entire device. it can.
- a secondary filtration unit that filters the filtered water filtered by the filtration unit again with a filter medium made of an ultrafiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane.
- the fluid supply port and the filtered water outlet are the same. According to this configuration, the fluid supply port and the filtered water outlet can be shared, and the configuration can be simplified.
- the discharge port and the raw water supply port are preferably the same. According to this configuration, the configuration can be simplified by sharing the discharge port and the raw water supply port.
- the method for producing filtered water according to the present invention comprises: opening the on-off valve in a state where supply of filtered water from the filter medium and supply of fluid to the filter medium are stopped, thereby passing the communication path and discharge through the filtration unit.
- the raw water is supplied to the filtration unit and the filtered water is sent to the filtered water outlet.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic system diagram of a filtered water production apparatus including a filtration unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the filtered water production apparatus 1 includes a filtration pump 2 that takes in raw water RW, and a primary filtration unit 4 that filters the taken raw water RW.
- a raw water passage 5 to which raw water RW is supplied by the filtration pump 2 a filtered water passage 8 for taking out filtered water FW from the primary filtration unit 4, and raw water RW in the primary filtration unit 4 will be described later.
- a discharge passage 14 for discharging together with the compressed air A is connected, and a gas supply passage 12 for supplying the compressed air A to the primary filtration unit 4 is connected to the filtrate water passage 8. Furthermore, a communication passage 15 that connects both the filtrate passage 8 and the discharge passage 14 is connected.
- Each passage 5, 8, 12, 14, 15 is formed by piping.
- the primary filtration unit 4 houses a depth filter 10 that is a filter medium that forms a filtration membrane in a cylindrical housing 9.
- the raw water passage 5 is connected to a first automatic on-off valve MV1 that functions as a raw water flow rate adjustment valve, and the filtrate water passage 8 is connected to a second automatic on-off valve MV2 that functions as a water supply valve for the filtrate FW.
- a flow meter FI is provided in the filtered water passage 8 downstream of the second automatic opening / closing valve MV2.
- a secondary filtration unit 26 having a hollow fiber membrane (not shown) having a pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less, which is an ultrafiltration membrane, is provided on the downstream side of the flow meter FI in the filtrate passage 8. The secondary filtration unit 26 purifies the treated water TW by filtering the filtered water FW with higher accuracy.
- the filter medium is not limited to a hollow fiber membrane, and a known ultrafiltration membrane can be used.
- a reverse osmosis membrane may be used instead of the ultrafiltration membrane.
- a sterilizing agent may be added to the filtered water FW instead of the secondary filtration unit 26, and the secondary filtration unit 26 may be omitted.
- the gas supply passage 12 is connected to a third automatic opening / closing valve MV3 that acts as a compressed air introduction valve, and the drain passage 14 is connected to a fourth automatic opening / closing valve MV4 that acts as a drainage valve.
- a fifth automatic opening / closing valve MV5 that opens and closes the communication path 15 is connected to the communication path 15.
- the communication passage 15 branches from the upstream side of the second automatic opening / closing valve MV2 in the filtered water passage 8 and is connected to the downstream side of the fourth automatic opening / closing valve MV4 in the drainage passage 14.
- One end of the gas supply passage 12 is connected to an air compressor (not shown), and the other end is connected to the secondary side at the top of the primary filtration unit 4.
- the drive of the filtration pump 2 and the first to fifth automatic opening / closing valves MV1 to MV5 is controlled by the controller 30. Further, the output of the flow meter FI is input to the controller 30.
- an air drive valve, an electric valve, an electromagnetic valve, a manual valve that does not use a controller, or the like is used as each of the automatic opening / closing valves MV1 to MV5.
- the configuration of the entire apparatus can be simplified.
- the existing backwashing is performed by replacing the sand filtration device with the primary filtration unit 4 of the present invention.
- the filtration device is replaced with the filtration unit 4 of the present invention, and the equipment for backwashing is introduced.
- the present invention can be applied to an existing filtered water device by providing a communication passage that communicates with the existing filtered water device.
- the depth filter 10 has a hollow cylindrical shape with one end opened and the other end closed with a closing member 13, and the opening end 10 a that is one end thereof is directed to the filtered water outlet 16.
- the hollow portion 11 of the depth filter 10 is communicated with the filtered water outlet 16.
- the depth filter 10 is also detachably housed in the housing 9 of the primary filtration unit 4 and is disposed such that the open end 10a is above the closed end 10b which is the other end.
- the primary filtration unit 4 is arranged such that the longitudinal center line C of the depth filter 10 faces the vertical direction, but the primary filtration unit 4 is obliquely upward toward the filtrate outlet 16. You may arrange
- the cylindrical housing 9 of the filtration unit 4 includes a lower end wall 9a, a peripheral wall 9b, and an upper end wall 9c.
- a raw water supply port 18 connected to the raw water passage 5 and a discharge port 22 connected to the discharge passage 14 are formed in one end wall 9a of the housing 9, and a fluid supply connected to the fluid supply passage 12 in the other end wall 9c.
- a filtrate outlet 16 connected to the mouth 24 and the filtrate passage 8 is formed. That is, the filtered water outlet 16 is disposed at the top of the housing 9.
- the raw water supply port 18 and the discharge port 22 are the same, but may be provided separately.
- the filtered water outlet 16 and the fluid supply port 24 may be the same.
- An annular bottom plate 9d is provided below the fluid supply port 24 and the filtrate outlet 16 in the peripheral wall 9b of the housing 9 in the axial direction, and the open end 10a of the depth filter 10 is supported by the bottom plate 9d. That is, a space S is formed between the other end wall 9c and the bottom plate 9d in the housing 9, and the fluid supply port 24, the filtrate outlet 16 and the open end 10a of the depth filter 10 face the space S.
- the hollow portion 11 of the depth filter 10 and the space S communicate with each other. That is, it arrange
- the raw water supply port 18 and the discharge port 22 are provided on the primary side of the depth filter 10, and the filtered water outlet 16 is provided on the secondary side.
- Depth filter 10 is an external pressure type cylindrical filter, and has a U-shaped longitudinal section.
- Examples of the depth filter 10 include what is called a laminated type in which synthetic fibers or chemical fibers are welded / formed in the form of a web, non-woven fabric, paper, woven fabric or the like and processed into a cylindrical shape.
- synthetic fiber polyolefin, polyester, heat-meltable polymer such as nylon or ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, or polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylonitrile can be used.
- polyolefin and polyester, specifically, polypropylene are preferable from the viewpoint of liquid drainage at the time of filter replacement.
- the filter preferably has a structure in which the fiber density and fineness are changed in the thickness direction, and the fiber density is low or the fineness is large on the outside (raw water inflow side) of the filter.
- the depth filter 10 includes a so-called thread wound filter in which filaments and spun yarns are spirally wound, and a so-called resin molded type that is a resin molded body such as a sponge.
- the pore size of the filtration membrane varies depending on the purpose of the equipment, but the lower limit is 1 ⁇ m or more. If the pore diameter is too small, clogging occurs and pressure loss increases.
- the upper limit of the pore diameter is 25 ⁇ m. When the pore diameter exceeds 25 ⁇ m, suspended matters in the filtered water FW become conspicuous.
- the upper limit of the pore diameter is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the depth filter 10 can be backwashed in the primary filtration unit 4 and can be used without increasing the differential pressure during filtration by recovering the filtration performance by backwashing.
- the backwashing is performed by compressed air A supplied from the compressor (not shown) through the gas supply passage 12.
- the fluid used for backwashing may be a gas other than air, such as nitrogen, or a liquid such as fresh water or filtered seawater.
- the operation method of the ballast water production apparatus includes a water filling process, a filtration process, a pressurization process, and a backwash process, which are preparatory processes for filtration.
- the filtration pump 2 When the filtered water production apparatus 1 is operated by operating a start button (not shown) installed in the controller 30, the filtration pump 2 is activated first, and the first automatic open / close valve MV1 and the fifth automatic open / close valve MV5 are opened. To enter the water filling process. In the water filling process, the second to fourth automatic open / close valves MV2 to MV4 are closed, and the supply of the filtrate FW from the depth filter 10 to the secondary filtration unit 26 and the supply of the compressed air A to the depth filter 10 are stopped. Then, the raw water RW flows through the discharge passage 14 through the primary filtration unit 4 and the communication passage 15 and is discharged to the outside, whereby the raw water passage 5 and the primary filtration unit 4 are vented and filled with water.
- the fifth automatic open / close valve MV5 is closed, the second automatic open / close valve MV2 is opened, and the filtration process is started.
- the raw water RW is supplied to the primary filtration unit 4 while the drainage from the depth filter 10 and the compressed air supply to the depth filter 10 are stopped, and the filtrate FW is sent to the filtrate passage 8.
- the raw water RW passes through the filtration membrane of the depth filter 10 from the outside of the depth filter 10 and flows into the hollow portion 11, thereby removing foreign substances in the raw water RW and filtering.
- the filtrate FW passes through the filtrate passage 8 and is supplied to the secondary filtration unit 26 and is filtered again to become treated water TW.
- the filtered water pump 2 is stopped, the first and second automatic open / close valves MV1 and MV2 are closed, the third automatic open / close valve MV3 is opened, and the pressurization process is started.
- the pressurizing step the compressed air A is allowed to flow to the primary filtration unit 4 in a state where supply of the filtered water FW from the depth filter 10 to the secondary filtration unit 26 and supply of the raw water RW to the depth filter 10 are stopped.
- the primary filtration unit 4 By pressurizing the primary filtration unit 4 in this way, the filtered water FW is prevented from flowing back into the fluid supply passage 12 in the next backwashing step.
- the fourth automatic opening / closing valve MV4 is opened and the back washing process is started.
- the compressed air A is supplied to the hollow portion 11 of the depth filter 10 while the supply of the raw water RW to the primary filtration unit 4 and the supply of the filtrate FW to the secondary filtration unit 26 are stopped. Then, this compressed air A flows through the discharge passage 14. As a result, the compressed air A passes through the depth filter 10 in the opposite direction to the filtration step, and the foreign matter adhering to the depth filter 10 and the foreign matter accumulated in the housing 9 are led out of the primary filtration unit 4 and discharged. 14 to the outside.
- the third and fourth automatic open / close valves MV3 and 4 are closed, the filtrate pump 2 is started, the first and fifth automatic open / close valves MV1 and 5 are opened, and the process returns to the water filling process.
- the filtered water FW filtered by the depth filter 10 immediately after the backwashing may become turbid due to accumulation of ultrafine particles clogged in the gaps of the depth filter 10 during the backwashing. 14 is discharged to the outside. Thereafter, this loop is repeated.
- the duration of the water filling process is variably set by a time device such as a timer. The set time varies depending on the size of the filtration equipment, but is, for example, about 5 seconds.
- the pressurization is for a very short time, for example, about 3 seconds, and this is also variably set by a timing device such as a timer.
- a timing device such as a timer.
- the time of a filtration process and a backwash process changes with the water quality of raw
- the transition from the filtration step to the pressurization step may be performed when the measured flow rate Q of the flow meter FI becomes smaller than a specified value.
- the controller 30 constantly monitors the measured flow rate Q. If the measured flow rate Q exceeds the alarm value H1, an alarm such as a buzzer is issued to call attention. At this point, the filtration device 1 continues to operate. Further, when the measured flow rate Q increases and exceeds the emergency stop value H2, an alarm such as a bell is issued, and the filtration device 1 is urgently stopped. Specifically, the controller 30 stops the filtration pump 2 and closes all the automatic open / close valves MV1 to MV5.
- the depth filter 10 having a pore diameter of 1 to 25 ⁇ m is used as the filter medium, it is possible to remove conspicuous suspended matters and to reduce initial introduction costs compared to the case of using a surface filter. it can. Moreover, since the filtration performance of the depth filter 10 can be recovered and used by performing the backwashing, the replacement frequency of the depth filter 10 can be reduced and the maintenance cost can be suppressed. Further, since the communication passage 15 that connects the filtrate water passage 8 and the discharge passage 14 and the fifth automatic opening / closing valve MV5 that opens and closes the communication passage 15 are provided, the filtrate FW in which very fine particles immediately after the backwashing are accumulated is collected. Can be discharged to the drainage passage 14, and the turbid filtered water RW can be prevented from being supplied.
- the equipment can be further simplified.
- the discharge port 22 and the raw water supply port 18 are the same, the discharge port 22 and the raw water supply port 18 can be made common to simplify the configuration.
- the filtered water FW after backwashing is discharged through the communication passage 15 and the drainage passage 14 in the preparation step. FW does not become cloudy.
- the depth filter 10 can collect the substance to be filtered in the entire thickness direction of the filter. There is no clogging for a long time.
- a verification experiment was performed using the depth filter 10 in the present embodiment.
- the raw water is seawater, and the supply pressure and flow rate of the raw water are 0.03 MPa and 0.037 m 3 / min, respectively.
- Compressed air is used as the backwash fluid, and the supply pressure and flow rate of the compressed air are 0.13 MPa and 0.4 Nm 3 / min, respectively.
- the depth filter used had a length of 25 cm and a pore size of 1 ⁇ m and 25 ⁇ m. Further, the axis of the depth filter was arranged to be inclined by 45 ° with respect to the horizontal plane.
- Verification 1 Initial pressure loss Table 1 shows the pressures at the primary and secondary sides of the depth filter when raw water is supplied in depth filters with pore sizes of 0.5 ⁇ m, 1 ⁇ m and 25 ⁇ m when the raw water temperature is 25 ° C. It shows the difference. As apparent from Table 1, the pressure loss was small in the depth filters of 1 ⁇ m and 25 ⁇ m, but the pressure loss was extremely large in the depth filter of 0.5 ⁇ m, and almost no raw water flowed. Accordingly, the pore diameter of the depth filter is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more.
- Verification 2 Backwashing effect Table 2 shows the state of the depth filter when the continuous filtration operation and the filtration operation / backwashing operation are alternately performed for each of the depth filters having a pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m and 25 ⁇ m. ).
- the filtration operation and the backwash operation were alternately repeated every 5 minutes.
- the differential pressure increased in about 2 hours for the 25 ⁇ m depth filter and in about 40 minutes for the 1 ⁇ m depth filter, and the depth filter was blocked.
- the differential pressure did not increase after 5 hours of continuous operation, and the depth filter was not blocked.
- Verification 3 Water quality of filtered water Table 3 shows the number of particles according to size (the number of particles in water) contained in 1 ml of raw water and filtered water and the removal rate in each of depth filters with pore diameters of 1 ⁇ m and 25 ⁇ m.
- the denominator of each data represents the number of underwater particles in raw water
- the numerator represents the number of underwater particles in filtered water
- the numerical value in parentheses represents the removal rate.
- the depth filter having a pore diameter of 25 ⁇ m 95% or more of particles having a particle diameter of 25 ⁇ m or more are removed, and approximately 88% of particles having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more are removed, and even 60% or more of particles having a diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more are removed.
- a depth filter having a pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m Since most of the particles of 25 ⁇ m or more are removed, suspended matters in the filtered water are not noticeable. Further, in a depth filter having a pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m, 99% or more of particles having a particle diameter of 25 ⁇ m or more, about 94% of particles of 10 ⁇ m or more are removed, and 80% or more of particles having a diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more are removed.
- the depth filter 10 used in the present embodiment has almost no pressure loss even if the hole diameter is 1 ⁇ m. Therefore, the projection area of the depth filter 10 is small, and the primary filtration unit 4 is An increase in size can be suppressed. Further, as can be seen from the result of verification 2, it can be used repeatedly by performing backwashing. Thereby, the lifetime is remarkably increased. Further, as can be seen from the result of the verification 3, 90% or more of particles having a pore diameter of 25 ⁇ m or more and 80% or more of particles having 10 ⁇ m or more are removed. Therefore, the hole diameter of the depth filter 10 can be set to 1 to 25 ⁇ m.
- the present invention can be applied not only as a substitute for a sand filtration device but also as a substitute for a diatomaceous earth filter, a cartridge filter, a pleat filter, a micromesh filter, and the like.
- Specific fields of use include, for example, pool water circulation filtration, bathtub water circulation filtration, seawater desalination plant, industrial water filtration, wastewater treatment filtration, oil filtration, fuel filtration, water and sewage water filtration or filtration in beverage manufacturing processes, etc. is there. Therefore, such a thing is also included in the scope of the present invention.
- Filtration water production equipment 4 Primary filtration unit 8 Filtrated water passage 9 Case 10 Depth filter (filter material) 12 Gas supply passage 14 Discharge passage 15 Communication passage 16 Filtration water outlet 18 Raw water supply port 22 Discharge port 24 Gas supply port 26 Secondary filtration unit 38 Filter medium MV5 Fifth automatic opening / closing valve A Compressed air FW Filtration water RW Raw water
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Abstract
Description
R=100/(1-m×exp{-a×log(S)}) (1)
ここで、m,aは、デプスフィルタの性状により決まる定数である。
例えば、粒子の直径が1μmの場合は、球形ポリスチレン微粒子(10000個/L)を添加した液を、デプスフィルタ(外径60mm、内径30mm、長さ250mm)に上記の条件で通水させることで測定が可能である。
表1は、原水温度が25℃のときの孔径0.5μm、1μmおよび25μmのデプスフィルタにおいて、原水を供給した際のデプスフィルタの一次側と二次側との圧力の差を示したものである。表1から明らかなように、1μmおよび25μmのデプスフィルタにおいては圧力損失が小さいが、0.5μmのデプスフィルタにおいては圧力損失が極めて大きく、ほとんど原水が流れなくなった。したがって、デプスフィルタの孔径は1μm以上であることが好ましい。
表2は、孔径1μmと25μmのデプスフィルタのそれぞれにおいて、連続ろ過運転した場合と、ろ過運転・逆洗運転を交互に行った場合のデプスフィルタの状態(差圧の状況)を示したものである。ろ過・逆洗の交互運転は、ろ過運転と逆洗運転を5分毎に交互に繰り返した。連続ろ過運転をした場合、25μmのデプスフィルタでは約2時間で、1μmのデプスフィルタでは約40分間で差圧が上昇し、デプスフィルタが閉塞した。ろ過・逆洗の交互運転では、1μm、25μmのどちらのデプスフィルタにおいても、5時間連続運転後も差圧の上昇はなく、デプスフィルタの閉塞はなかった。
表3は、孔径1μm、25μmのデプスフィルタそれぞれにおける、原水およびろ過水1ml中に含まれるサイズ別の粒子の数(水中パーティクル数)と、除去率を示している。各データの分母が原水における水中パーティクル数、分子がろ過水における水中パーティクル数を表し、括弧内の数値は除去率を表している。孔径が25μmのデプスフィルタでは、粒子径が25μm以上の粒子の95%以上、10μm以上の粒子の約88%が除去され、1μm以上の粒子でも60%以上が除去されている。25μm以上の粒子の大部分が除去されていることにより、ろ過水中の浮遊物が目立たない。さらに、孔径が1μmのデプスフィルタでは、粒子径が25μm以上の粒子の99%以上、10μm以上の粒子の約94%が除去され、1μm以上の粒子でも80%以上が除去されている。
4 一次ろ過ユニット
8 ろ過水通路
9 筐体
10 デプスフィルタ(ろ材)
12 気体供給通路
14 排出通路
15 連通路
16 ろ過水取出口
18 原水供給口
22 排出口
24 気体供給口
26 二次ろ過ユニット
38 ろ材
MV5 第5自動開閉弁
A 圧縮空気
FW ろ過水
RW 原水
Claims (5)
- ろ材およびそれを収容する筐体を含み、原水をろ過するろ過ユニットを有するろ過装置であって、
前記筐体が、前記ろ材に原水を供給する原水供給口と、ろ過水の取出口と、前記ろ材に逆洗用の流体を供給する流体供給口と、前記ろ材を逆洗した流体および前記原水を排出する排出口を有し、
前記ろ材が孔径1~25μmのデプスフィルタであり、
さらに、前記ろ過水取出口に接続されるろ過水通路と前記排出口に接続される排出通路とを連通させる連通路と、この連通路を開閉する開閉弁とを備えたろ過装置。 - 請求項1において、さらに、前記ろ過ユニットによりろ過されたろ過水を、限外ろ過膜または逆浸透膜からなるろ材によって再度ろ過する二次ろ過ユニットを備えたろ過装置。
- 請求項1において、前記流体供給口と前記ろ過水取出口とが同一であるろ過装置。
- 請求項1において、前記排出口と前記原水供給口とが同一であるろ過装置。
- 請求項1に記載のろ過装置を用いたろ過水製造方法であって、
前記ろ材からのろ過水の供給およびろ材への流体の供給を停止した状態で前記開閉弁を開放することにより、前記ろ過ユニットを経て前記連通路および排出通路から流体を原水とともに排出する準備工程と、
ろ材からの原水の排出とろ材への流体供給とを停止した状態で、ろ過ユニットに原水を供給して、ろ過水を前記ろ過水取出口に送るろ過工程と、
ろ過水の供給を停止した状態で、ろ過水側からろ材へ流体を供給し、この流体を前記排出口から前記排出通路を経て排出する逆洗工程と、
を備えたろ過水製造方法。
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EP10741303.1A EP2397209B1 (en) | 2009-02-16 | 2010-02-12 | Filtering device and method of operation |
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- 2010-02-12 CN CN2010800079028A patent/CN102316953A/zh active Pending
- 2010-02-12 US US13/148,959 patent/US9050563B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-02-12 WO PCT/JP2010/052105 patent/WO2010093026A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-02-12 EP EP10741303.1A patent/EP2397209B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-02-12 KR KR1020117019035A patent/KR101717307B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2010-02-22 TW TW099104983A patent/TWI386249B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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JP2002096064A (ja) | 2000-09-22 | 2002-04-02 | Kuraray Co Ltd | 貯水の循環浄化方法 |
JP2007533429A (ja) * | 2003-08-04 | 2007-11-22 | スティーブン・エイチ・シュワルツコプフ | 超浮揚性濾過粒子を有する液体濾過装置および方法 |
WO2007097046A1 (ja) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-08-30 | Ihi Compressor And Machinery Co., Ltd. | シリコン粒子の処理方法及び装置 |
JP2007326065A (ja) * | 2006-06-09 | 2007-12-20 | Toray Ind Inc | 浄水器 |
JP2009032872A (ja) | 2007-07-26 | 2009-02-12 | Sharp Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
JP2009260648A (ja) | 2008-04-16 | 2009-11-05 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc | 画像読取り装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US10500527B2 (en) | 2015-03-04 | 2019-12-10 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Ballast water production method and ballast water treatment system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US9050563B2 (en) | 2015-06-09 |
JP2010207800A (ja) | 2010-09-24 |
KR20110126624A (ko) | 2011-11-23 |
EP2397209B1 (en) | 2016-04-20 |
US20110309038A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
EP2397209A4 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
TWI386249B (zh) | 2013-02-21 |
CN102316953A (zh) | 2012-01-11 |
EP2397209A1 (en) | 2011-12-21 |
KR101717307B1 (ko) | 2017-03-16 |
TW201039902A (en) | 2010-11-16 |
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