WO2010083675A1 - 一种铁路货车钩缓装置的钩尾框 - Google Patents

一种铁路货车钩缓装置的钩尾框 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010083675A1
WO2010083675A1 PCT/CN2009/072896 CN2009072896W WO2010083675A1 WO 2010083675 A1 WO2010083675 A1 WO 2010083675A1 CN 2009072896 W CN2009072896 W CN 2009072896W WO 2010083675 A1 WO2010083675 A1 WO 2010083675A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hook
pin
frame
bearing
hooking device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2009/072896
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姜岩
孟庆民
丛盛国
王俊龙
崔英俊
陈龙
Original Assignee
齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司
牡丹江金缘钩缓制造有限责任公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司, 牡丹江金缘钩缓制造有限责任公司 filed Critical 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司
Priority to AU2009324265A priority Critical patent/AU2009324265B2/en
Publication of WO2010083675A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010083675A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
    • B61G9/00—Draw-gear
    • B61G9/20—Details; Accessories
    • B61G9/22—Supporting framework, e.g. cradles; Spring housings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of a railway truck hook slowing device, in particular to a hook tail frame of a railway truck hook slowing device.
  • the hooking device is an important part of the railway vehicle. It is mainly composed of the coupler, the hook frame, the hook pin, the slave plate and the buffer. During the running of the vehicle, the traction between the vehicles is followed by the coupler, the hook pin and the hook tail. The box, buffer, and pass from the board to the car body.
  • the hook frame is a component that is mounted from the plate, the buffer and is connected to the coupler, and is subjected to the traction force of the vehicle;
  • the hook pin is a flat pin, and the hook pin and the hook pin hole of the hook frame are connected together;
  • the hook pin bolt is a special bolt, and the hook pin is lifted to prevent it from falling off (out) from the hook body and the hook frame.
  • the hook frame is an important connecting component of the railway vehicle.
  • the railway vehicles are connected by the coupler, and the coupler is connected with the hook frame through the hook pin, thereby ensuring the connection between the train vehicles and forming the train to transport the goods and transmitting the traction force. Therefore, the strength reserve of the hook frame and the safety and reliability of the hook pin bearing structure are of great significance for ensuring the safety of railway transportation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional 13A type hook frame.
  • a mounting ear 2 is disposed below the head of the hook frame 1 , and a bolt hole 21 is defined therein for mounting the hook pin bolt.
  • the 13A type hook frame has a single hook pin bolt to carry the hook pin structure, which has a large defect.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a conventional 13B type hook frame.
  • the 13B type hook and tail frame structure is similar to the 13A type hook tail frame.
  • the structure of the hook pin is carried by three hook pin bolts, and the strength thereof is strengthened, but there is still the possibility that the hook pin bolts are broken.
  • the 13B type hook frame is still casted, and the problem of insufficient strength of the hook frame itself is not solved.
  • the hook frame With the increase of the running speed and the number of towing tons of railway wagons, the hook frame is constantly subjected to excessively large and high-frequency loads during the operation; due to its own strength and insufficient strength of the load-bearing structure of the hook-and-pin, 13A and 13B hooks The accident of the tail frame breakage has gradually increased, and it has not been able to apply the development demand of China's railway freight transport.
  • the present invention provides a hook frame for a railway truck hooking device, which can improve the strength of the hook pin bearing structure and improve the safety and reliability of the hook frame.
  • the hook frame of the railway truck hooking device comprises a hook frame, the head is provided with a hook pin hole for mounting a hook pin connected with the coupler; a pin holder mounted under the head of the hook frame for carrying the hook pin; the upper surface shape of the bearing portion of the hook pin pin corresponds to the shape of the lower surface of the hook pin, so that the hook pin The contact between the bracket and the hook pin is in surface contact.
  • a pin supporting platform is fixed under the head of the hook frame; the pin supporting platform is provided with a bearing groove for inserting and supporting the hook pin holder.
  • the two sides of the hook pin support are respectively provided with bearing flanges; the middle of the carrying groove is interrupted, and the bearing EJ slots on both sides respectively support the hook pin supporting flanges on the corresponding sides.
  • the depth of the bearing groove is greater than the thickness of the hook-and-pin carrier flange.
  • the hook tail pin head and the corresponding position of the pin rest head are respectively provided with positioning holes for mounting the locking mechanism of the hook pin holder.
  • a fixed shoulder is respectively disposed on both sides of the tail portion of the hook pin holder for limiting the insertion distance of the hook pin holder.
  • a pin mounting hole is disposed under the head of the hook frame for screwing into the hook pin holder; and the pin supporting platform is respectively disposed on both sides of the pin mounting hole, and the pin
  • the mounting hole forms a positioning groove; the two sides of the hook pin holder are respectively provided with a bearing flange, and are supported by the pin supporting platform when screwed into the positioning groove.
  • the depth of the positioning groove is greater than the thickness of the hook-and-pin carrier flange.
  • the pin support platform is provided with a plurality of positioning holes for mounting the locking mechanism of the hook pin holder.
  • the upper portion of the hook pin holder is provided with a bearing boss; the shape of the top surface of the hook pin carrier bearing boss corresponds to the shape of the lower surface of the hook pin.
  • the hook frame is forged.
  • the present invention improves the hook pin bearing structure of the hook frame, and the hook pin is carried by the hook pin support, thereby improving the bearing structure strength of the hook pin and improving the safety and reliability of the hook frame.
  • the hook pin support has a high strength, which is more than three times that of the hook pin bolt; at the same time, the hook pin pin and the hook pin are in surface contact, and the hook pin pin is relatively balanced; thereby ensuring Safe to use, there is no problem that the hook pin is broken and the hook pin is detached, and the train separation accident is prevented.
  • the hook-and-pin pin does not rotate or sway after locking, ensuring a firm and stable use condition and improving safety and reliability.
  • the hook-and-pin carrier load-bearing structure facilitates assembly and disassembly, which is advantageous for inspection operations.
  • the hook frame is manufactured by a forging process: the material selection is superior to the cast hook frame, the overall mechanical performance of the hook frame can be improved, and the breakage of the hook frame can be prevented to cause a train separation accident; At the same time, the fatigue life of the forged hook frame is greatly enhanced, and the safety and reliability of the hook frame are further enhanced.
  • the forging technology has matured, which is conducive to large-scale production. As the life of the forged hook frame increases, its price is greatly improved, which is conducive to reducing the cost of using railway wagons.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional 13A type hook frame
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a conventional 13B type hook frame
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a hook frame of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the first type of hook-and-pin pin in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a left side view of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a plan view of Figure 4.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of the first type of pin supporting platform of Figure 3;
  • Figure 8 is a left side view of Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of the second type of hook pin support and pin support platform of Figure 3;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a hook frame in a second embodiment of the hook frame of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a left side view of Figure 10;
  • Figure 12 is a partial view taken along line A of Figure 10;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural view of a hook-and-pin holder in a second embodiment of the hook frame of the present invention;
  • Figure 14 is a left side view of Figure 13;
  • Figure 15 is a plan view of Figure 13;
  • Figure 16 is a schematic structural view of a third embodiment of the hook frame of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a front elevational view of the hook and pin holder of Figure 16;
  • Figure 18 is a left side view of Figure 17.
  • a hook-and-pin pin is mounted under the head of the hook frame, and the shape of the upper surface of the bearing portion corresponds to the shape of the lower surface of the hook pin, so that the hook pin and the hook pin are in a face. contact.
  • the hook pin holder can be directly mounted on the hook frame, that is, directly mounted; or can be mounted on a mounting seat (such as a pin rest) fixed to the hook frame, that is, indirect Installation method.
  • FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of the first embodiment of the hook frame of the present invention.
  • a pin support platform 4 is disposed under the head of the hook frame 1 , and a plug-type hook pin holder 3 is mounted on the upper surface thereof for carrying a hook pin (not shown);
  • the shape of the upper surface of the pin bearing portion 3 corresponds to the shape of the lower surface of the hook pin, so that the hook pin holder 3 and the hook pin are in surface contact.
  • a bolt and nut combination 5 is provided between the hook pin holder 3 and the pin holder 4 as a locking mechanism for the hook pin holder to prevent the hook pin holder 3 from sliding.
  • the specific shape of the hook pin support 3 and the pin support base 4 can be various, so as to ensure reliable support and convenient installation, the following examples are illustrated.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the first type of hook-and-pin holder in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a left side view of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a top view of FIG.
  • the hook pin holder 3 includes a bottom wall 31 and two side walls 32, wherein: the upper portions of the side walls 32 extend outwardly to form a bearing flange 33 for providing a supported portion.
  • the hook pin holder 3 can also be approximated as a flat plate, and the bearing flanges 33 are formed on both sides thereof, and will not be described again.
  • the bearing flanges 33 are provided on both sides of the hook pin holder 3, which can improve the carrying capacity and prevent the hook pins from falling off.
  • the bottom wall 31 is provided with a bearing boss 34 for carrying the hook pin; and, the top surface shape of the bearing boss 33 corresponds to the shape of the lower surface of the hook pin, so that the hook pin 3 and The hook pins are in surface contact. Since the bearing boss 34 is arranged on the hook pin holder 3, the vehicle can be adapted to pass the vertical curve. When the vertical angle of the hook pin is required, the force of the hook pin 3 is more uniform, and the force state and the use condition of the hook pin are unchanged.
  • a limited shoulder 35 is respectively arranged on both sides of the tail end of the hook pin holder 3 for limiting the insertion distance of the hook pin holder 3, so as to facilitate the installation of the hook pin holder 3.
  • a pin bearing groove is provided on the pin rest table 4 of the hook frame for reliably supporting the hook pin holder 3 as described below.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the first type of pin supporting platform of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 8 is a left side view of FIG.
  • a pin support platform 4 is disposed at the tail pin hole 11 below the head of the hook frame 1 to carry the hook pin holder 3, wherein the pin holder 4 is provided with a bearing recess A groove 41 for supporting the inserted hook pin holder 3.
  • the bearing groove 41 is a "U"-shaped groove, and is specifically designed as a split structure (ie, a "U"-shaped groove bottom discontinuity), so as to facilitate the processing and manufacture of the hook-and-loop frame 1; Inserted from the rear below the head of the hook frame 1, the side bearing flanges 33 are respectively supported by the respective side carrying grooves 41, and the hook end pins 3 are laterally positioned.
  • the depth and the width of the bearing groove 41 are respectively greater than the thickness and width of the bearing flange 33; so that a certain space is left above the pin supporting platform 4, and the hook pin support 3 is assembled after the hook pin is assembled.
  • a locking mechanism for the hook pin holder is provided.
  • the head of the hook pin holder 3 is provided with a pin positioning hole 36, and a position of the head of the pin holder 4 is provided with a socket positioning hole 42 for mounting a bolt and nut combination for positioning 5 ; After inserting the bolt, the rear end of the hook pin 3 can be restrained and prevented from being lost.
  • FIG. 9 is a structural schematic view of the second type of hook pin support and pin support platform of FIG. 3 .
  • the pin support platform 4 is a unitary structure, located under the head of the hook frame 1 and provided with a bearing groove 41;
  • the loading groove 41 is provided with a hook pin holder 3;
  • the hook end pin 3 is a flat plate, and the top portion is provided with a bearing boss 34.
  • the pin type positioning hole 36 is also provided at the head of the hook pin holder 3 in the same manner as the above-described first type of the hook pin holder 3 and the pin holder 4, and is provided at the position of the head of the pin holder 4
  • the positioning hole 42 is used for mounting the bolt and nut combination 5, and details are not described herein.
  • the hook pin support 3 is made of E-grade cast steel; in order to reduce manufacturing cost, improve production efficiency, ensure performance and manufacturing precision, precision casting or forging is required. Process manufacturing.
  • the above-mentioned hook frame and the hook pin adopt the bearing structure of the hook pin holder 3, and have the following advantages:
  • the hook pin holder 3 has high strength (about 3 times of the hook pin bolt), and is between the hook pin and the hook pin.
  • the surface contact ensures the safety of use, and the problem that the hook pin 3 is broken and the hook pin is detached does not occur;
  • the bolt tail pin 3 can be locked by the bolt fastening, and the hook pin pin 3 is prevented from rotating, Instigation and other phenomena, to ensure that the hook pin holder 3 is firm and stable under the use condition; this structure is easy to assemble and disassemble, which is beneficial to the inspection operation.
  • the hook frame 1 is made of E-grade forged steel.
  • the main structural dimensions of the frame and tail of the hook-and-tail frame are the same as those of the 16-type and 17-type forged hook-and-loop frames, so as to further improve the strength reserve of the hook-and-tail frame.
  • the manufacturing requirements of forging, machining and welding processes are as convenient as possible.
  • the hook frame 1 adopts a forging process and has the following advantages: Since the material used for forging the hook frame is superior to the cast hook frame, the overall mechanical performance of the hook frame can be improved, and the fatigue life of the forged hook frame is greatly improved. Strengthening and enhancing the reliability of its use; The manufacturing technology of forged hook and tail frame is mature, and it has the scale production capacity, which is beneficial to reduce the manufacturing cost. Further, as the service life of the hook frame increases, its cost performance increases, and the railway wagon can be reduced. The cost.
  • the pin rest frame 4 is added to the hook tail frame, so that the thickness of the head portion of the hook tail frame body 1 is increased, but the maximum contour size is smaller than that of the 13 type, 13A type and 13B type hook tail frame. Maximum size at the 13A and 13B mounting ears.
  • a transitional structural design can be employed to gradually transition the thickness of the portion until the contact portion of the hook frame 1 with the plate increases the structural strength and manufacturing process of the portion.
  • the size of the fitting portion of the head and the coupler of the hook frame 1 is the same as that of the 13-type, 13A-type and 13B-type hook-and-loop frames, the interchangeability of the hook frame 1 can be ensured.
  • the hook frame 1 is forged, and the hook pin is carried by the hook pin holder 3, thereby having Effectively solve the problems of the existing strength of the needle hook frame and the insufficient strength of the hook pin bearing mode.
  • the hook pin holder 3 can adopt a plug-in structure or a screw-in structure; the former has been described above, and the latter can be described below.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a hook frame in the second embodiment of the hook frame of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a left side view of FIG. 10
  • the pin supporting hole 12 is disposed under the head of the hook frame 1; and the pin supporting platform 4 is respectively disposed on both sides of the pin mounting hole 12, and specifically designed as a petal shape.
  • the pin supporting platform 4 and the pin mounting hole 12 form a positioning groove 121 for mounting the hook pin holder 3; when installing, the hook pin holder 3 is loaded from below the hook frame 1, and is rotated to the working position and then fixed. , forming a hook pin bearing mechanism.
  • a plurality of cap positioning holes 42 are provided on the pin holders 4 below the head of the hook frame 1, and a locking mechanism for mounting the hook pins, which is preferably a rivet (not shown).
  • a rivet (not shown).
  • the load pin flanges 33 are also provided on both sides of the hook pin holder 3 in this embodiment, as described below.
  • FIG. 13 is a structural view of the hook-and-pin holder of the second embodiment of the hook frame of the present invention
  • FIG. 14 is a left side view of FIG. 13
  • FIG. 15 is a plan view of FIG.
  • the two sides of the hook pin holder 3 are respectively provided with bearing flanges 33, which are specifically designed in a petal shape to correspond to the shape of the pin holders 4.
  • the carrier flange 33 is supported by the pin holder 4 when the carrier flange 33 is in place in the positioning groove 121.
  • the upper portion of the hook pin holder 3 is provided with a bearing boss 34, the top surface shape of which corresponds to the shape of the lower surface of the hook pin, and the hook pin holder 3 has two bearing flanges 33, which can improve the structure of the hook pin holder 3. Strength, improve the reliability of preventing the hook pin from falling off.
  • the plug-in structure of the first embodiment in the present embodiment, a certain space is left above the pin holder 4, that is, the depth of the positioning groove 121 is larger than the thickness of the bearing flange 33.
  • the hook end pin 3 is made of E-class cast steel and precision casting process to improve strength, manufacturing precision and wear resistance; the hook frame 1 is forged to enhance the strength of the hook frame. ; will not repeat them here.
  • the disassembly process is the reverse of the above installation process and will not be described again.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic view showing the structure of the third embodiment of the hook frame of the present invention
  • Fig. 17 is a front view of the hook pin holder of Fig. 16
  • Fig. 18 is a left side view of Fig. 17.
  • two pairs of mounting ears 2 are disposed under the head of the hook frame 1 , and a plurality of bolt holes 21 are defined therein; the upper portion of the hook pin holder 3 is provided with a bearing boss 34, and the top surface shape and the hook end thereof At the same time, the hook pin holder 3 is provided with a pin positioning hole 36 for mounting the bolt and nut combination 5 so that the hook pin holder 3 is reliably fixed under the head of the hook frame 1.
  • a hook pin bearing structure can also prevent the hook pin from falling off, and will not be described again here.
  • the hook frame 1 is forged, and its structure and dimensions are the same as those of the first and second embodiments described above, so as to improve the strength of the hook frame 1 itself.
  • the above hook frame ie, the 13B forged hook frame has the following advantages:
  • the strength reserve is high.
  • the design experience of the 16-type and 17-type forged hook-and-tail frame is used to make the frame height, frame width and tail of the 13B forged hook frame.
  • the thickness and the like are consistent with the 16-type and 17-type forged hook-and-loop frames, further improving the strength reserve of the hook-and-tail frame.
  • the structure type, contour size and matching size of the 13B forged hook frame meet the structural requirements of the Type 13, Type 13A and Type 13B coupler cushioning devices, and can be interchanged with Type 13, Type 13A and Type 13B hook frame (casting). It ensures the interchangeability of the accessories of the coupler buffer system. When assembling and using, it does not need to change the existing work process and method, and can make full use of the existing tooling and equipment to facilitate the assembly, disassembly, operation and maintenance of the hooking device. Since the main structural dimensions of the 13B forged hook frame are the same as those of the 16 and 17 forged hook frames, the uniformity and interchangeability of the test pattern with the 13A, 13B hook frame and the 16 and 17 hook frames can be guaranteed. .
  • the 13B forged hook frame prevents the original hook of the original 13-type, 13A-type, and 13B-type hook-end bolts from being broken due to the hook-and-pin bolts falling off, and has the function of preventing the hook-end pins from falling off, which can improve the coupler cushioning device. Reliability, ensuring railway transportation safety. Fourth, under the premise of ensuring product performance, the 13B forged hook frame fully considers the forging, machining and welding processes, and improves the processability of the product.

Description

一种铁路货车钩緩装置的钩尾框
本申请要求于 2009 年 1 月 21 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 200910008717.X,发明名称为"一种铁路货车钩緩装置的钩尾框"的中国专利申 请的优先权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及铁路货车钩緩装置技术领域，具体涉及一种铁路货车钩緩装置 的钩尾框。
背景技术
钩緩装置是铁道车辆的重要部件， 主要由车钩、 钩尾框、 钩尾销、 从板、 緩冲器组成； 在车辆运行过程中， 车辆间的牽引力依次由车钩、 钩尾销、 钩尾 框、 緩冲器、 从板传递到车体。 其中， 钩尾框是安装从板、 緩冲器并连接车钩 的零部件， 承受车辆牽引力； 钩尾销为扁销， 通过钩体和钩尾框的钩尾销孔将 二者连接在一起； 钩尾销螺栓为专用螺栓， 托起钩尾销， 防止其从钩体及钩尾 框中脱落（出）。
可见， 钩尾框是铁道车辆的重要连接部件， 铁道车辆通过车钩连接起来， 车钩通过钩尾销与钩尾框连接，从而保证列车车辆之间连接，组成列车运输货 物并传递牽引力。 因此， 钩尾框的强度储备及钩尾销承载结构的安全可靠性， 对于保证铁路运输的安全具有重要意义。
目前， 我国运行的 60t级货车主要安装 13A型、 13B型钩尾框。 随着我国 铁路货车提速、 重载的进一步发展， 其逐渐暴露出强度不足、 可靠性不高的问 题， 易发生钩尾框断裂及钩尾销螺栓折断而造成列车分离的事故， 筒述如下： 请参见图 1 , 该图是现有 13A型钩尾框的结构示意图。 如图 1所示， 钩尾 框体 1的头部下方设置挂耳 2, 其上开设螺栓孔 21 , 用以安装钩尾销螺栓。 该 13A型钩尾框， 采用单个钩尾销螺栓承载钩尾销的结构方式， 具有较大缺陷， 这是因为： 钩尾销螺栓在运用中可能承受瞬间过大的垂向作用力， 因承受剪切 力能力不强， 易引起钩尾销螺栓折断而造成钩尾销脱落，从而引发列车分离事 故。 同时， 钩尾框体 1采用铸造工艺， 由于铸造缺陷的存在， 尤其是钩尾框后 弯角部位结构容易出现砂眼、 气孔等铸造缺陷， 易使得钩尾销在车辆运用中形 成疲劳裂纹。 请参见图 2,该图是现有 13B型钩尾框的结构示意图。该 13B型钩尾框结 构与 13A型钩尾框类似， 采用三个钩尾销螺栓承载钩尾销的结构， 其强度得 到了加强， 但仍存在钩尾销螺栓折断的可能。 另外， 13B型钩尾框仍采用铸造 工艺， 未解决钩尾框自身强度不足的问题。
随着铁路货车运行速度、 牽引吨数的增加，钩尾框在运用过程中不断受到 瞬间过大、 高频次的载荷； 因自身强度及钩尾销承载结构强度不足， 13A型、 13B型钩尾框断裂事故逐渐增多， 已不能适用我国铁路货运发展需求。
发明内容
有鉴于此， 本发明提供一种铁路货车钩緩装置的钩尾框， 可提高钩尾销承 载结构强度， 提高钩尾框的安全可靠性。
为解决以上技术问题， 本发明提供的铁路货车钩緩装置的钩尾框， 包括钩 尾框体， 头部设置有钩尾销孔， 用于安装与车钩连接的钩尾销； 还包括钩尾销 托， 安装在所述钩尾框体头部下方， 用于承载所述钩尾销； 所述钩尾销托的承 载部位上表面形状与钩尾销下表面形状相对应，使钩尾销托与钩尾销之间为面 接触。
优选地， 所述钩尾框体头部下方固定有销托承台； 所述销托承台设置有承 载凹槽， 用于插入并支撑所述钩尾销托。
优选地，所述钩尾销托两侧分别设置有承载凸缘；所述承载凹槽中部间断， 两侧的所述承载 EJ槽分别支撑相应侧的所述钩尾销托承载凸缘。
优选地， 所述承载凹槽的深度大于所述钩尾销托承载凸缘的厚度。
优选地，所述钩尾销托头部及所述销托承台头部的相应位置上分别设置有 定位孔， 用于安装钩尾销托的锁止机构。
优选地， 所述钩尾销托的尾部两侧分别设置有限位凸肩， 用于限制所述钩 尾销托的插入距离。
优选地， 所述钩尾框体头部下方设置有销托安装孔， 用于旋入所述钩尾销 托；所述销托安装孔两侧分别设置有销托承台，与所述销托安装孔形成定位槽； 所述钩尾销托两侧分别设置有承载凸缘，旋入所述定位槽时由所述销托承台支 撑。
优选地， 所述定位槽的深度大于所述钩尾销托承载凸缘的厚度。 优选地，所述销托承台上设置若干定位孔，用于安装钩尾销托的锁止机构。 优选地， 所述钩尾销托上部设置有承载凸台； 所述钩尾销托承载凸台的顶 面形状与所述钩尾销的下表面形状相对应。
优选地， 所述钩尾框体为锻造。
与现有技术相比， 本发明对钩尾框的钩尾销承载结构进行改进，钩尾销由 钩尾销托承载， 从而提高钩尾销承载结构强度， 提高钩尾框的安全可靠性， 这 是因为： 钩尾销托强度高， 为钩尾销螺栓的 3倍以上； 同时， 钩尾销托与钩尾 销间为面接触， 钩尾销托受力较为均衡； 由此， 能确保使用安全， 不会发生钩 尾销托折断而导致钩尾销脱落的问题， 防止发生列车分离事故。 特别地， 钩尾 销托锁止后不会产生转动、 窜动现象， 确保使用状态下的牢靠、 稳定， 提高安 全可靠性。 此外， 钩尾销托承载结构便于组装和分解， 有利于列检作业。
本发明的另一方面是，钩尾框体采用锻造工艺制造： 其材料选择上优于铸 造钩尾框， 可提高钩尾框的整体力学性能， 防止发生钩尾框断裂而导致列车分 离事故； 同时， 锻造钩尾框的疲劳寿命极大地加强， 进一步增强钩尾框的安全 可靠性。 锻造技术已经成熟， 有利于规模生产； 随着锻造钩尾框寿命增加， 其 性价大大提高， 有利于降低铁路货车的使用成本。
附图说明
图 1是现有 13A型钩尾框的结构示意图；
图 2是现有 13B型钩尾框的结构示意图；
图 3是本发明钩尾框第一实施例的结构示意图；
图 4是图 3中第一种钩尾销托的结构示意图；
图 5是图 4的左视图；
图 6是图 4的俯视图；
图 7是图 3中第一种销托承台的结构示意图；
图 8是图 7的左视图；
图 9是图 3中第二种钩尾销托、 销托承台的结构示意图；
图 10是本发明钩尾框第二实施例中钩尾框体的结构示意图；
图 11是图 10的左视图；
图 12是图 10的 A向局部视图； 图 13是本发明钩尾框第二实施例中钩尾销托的结构示意图；
图 14是图 13的左视图；
图 15是图 13的俯视图；
图 16是本发明钩尾框第三实施例的结构示意图；
图 17是图 16中钩尾销托的主视图；
图 18是图 17的左视图。
具体实施方式
本发明的基本构思是： 钩尾框体头部下方安装钩尾销托， 其承载部位的上 表面形状与钩尾销下表面形状相对应， 使钩尾销托与钩尾销之间为面接触。
在本发明中， 所述钩尾销托可直接安装在钩尾框体上， 即直接安装方式； 也可安装在与钩尾框体固定的安装座（如销托承台）上， 即间接安装方式。 以 下结合附图与实施例进行说明。
请参见图 3 ,该图是本发明钩尾框第一实施例的结构示意图。该实施例中， 钩尾框体 1头部下方设置有销托承台 4, 它的上面安装插入式的钩尾销托 3 , 用以承载钩尾销 （图未示）； 所述钩尾销托 3承载部位的上表面形状与钩尾销 下表面形状相对应， 使钩尾销托 3与钩尾销之间为面接触。 特别地， 钩尾销托 3与销托承台 4之间设置有螺栓螺母组合 5 , 其作为钩尾销托的锁止机构， 用 以防止钩尾销托 3滑动。
所述钩尾销托 3、 销托承台 4的具体形状可为多种， 以保证支撑可靠、 安 装方便为准， 下面举例说明。
请同时参见图 4-6, 其中： 图 4是图 3中第一种钩尾销托的结构示意图； 图 5 是图 4的左视图； 图 6是图 4的俯视图。 该钩尾销托 3 , 包括底壁 31和两侧壁 32, 其中： 所述两侧壁 32的上部分别向外延伸， 形成承载凸缘 33 , 用以提供被支撑 部位。 显然， 钩尾销托 3也可近似为一平板， 其两侧形成承载凸缘 33 , 在此不 再赘述。 本实施例中， 钩尾销托 3两侧设置承载凸缘 33 , 可提高承载能力， 防 止钩尾销脱落。
特别地， 底壁 31上面设置有承载凸台 34, 用于承载钩尾销； 并且， 所述承 载凸台 33的顶面形状与钩尾销下表面形状相对应， 使得钩尾销托 3与钩尾销之 间为面接触。 由于在钩尾销托 3上设置承载凸台 34, 可适应车辆通过垂直曲线 时钩尾销垂直转角的需要， 使钩尾销托 3受力更均匀， 保证钩尾销受力状态和 使用条件不变。
如图 4-6所示，钩尾销托 3尾部两侧分别设置有限位凸肩 35 ,用于限制所 述钩尾销托 3的插入距离， 以方便钩尾销托 3 安装。
与上述钩尾销托 3结构相对应，钩尾框的销托承台 4上面设置承载凹槽， 用 以可靠地支撑钩尾销托 3 , 如下所述。
请同时参见图 7-8, 其中： 图 7是图 3中第一种销托承台的结构示意图； 图 8 是图 7的左视图。 为方便安装钩尾销托 3 , 钩尾框体 1头部下方尾销孔 11处设置 销托承台 4, 以便承载钩尾销托 3 , 其中， 所述销托承台 4设置有承载凹槽 41 , 用于支撑插入的钩尾销托 3。
本实施例中， 承载凹槽 41为 "U" 型槽， 具体设计为分体结构 （即 "U" 型槽底部间断）， 以便于钩尾框体 1的加工、 制造； 钩尾销托 3从后面插入钩尾 框体 1头部下方， 其两侧承载凸缘 33分别由相应的侧承载凹槽 41支撑， 并使得 钩尾销托 3横向定位。
优选地，所述承载凹槽 41的深度及宽度分别大于所述承载凸缘 33的厚度 和宽度； 使得销托承台 4 上方留有一定空间， 保证钩尾销组装后钩尾销托 3 与钩尾框承台 4的顶面和侧面留有间隙，以适应车辆通过垂直曲线时钩尾销垂 直转角的需要， 消除通过垂直曲线时钩尾销托 3承受钩尾销带来的弯矩。
如图 6-7所示， 为实现钩尾销托 3与销托承台 4之间的定位， 设置有钩尾 销托的锁止机构。 具体地， 所述钩尾销托 3头部设置有销托定位孔 36, 所述 销托承台 4头部的位置上设置有承台定位孔 42, 用于安装定位用的螺栓螺母 组合 5; 插入螺栓后， 可限制钩尾销托 3后串， 并可防止其丟失。
组装钩緩装置时， 先从钩尾框 1头部钩尾销孔 11下方组装钩尾销； 然后， 将钩尾销托 3沿承载凹槽 41从后方插入， 直至下方； 为防止钩尾销托 3脱出， 在钩尾销托 3完全插入钩尾框 1后， 插入限位螺栓； 再拧紧螺母， 并采用定位 焊焊固， 起到防盗和防零件丟失的作用。 拆卸过程与上述安装过程相反， 不再 赘述。
请参见图 9,该图是图 3中第二种钩尾销托、销托承台的结构示意图。其中： 销托承台 4为整体结构， 位于钩尾框体 1头部下方， 上面设置承载凹槽 41 ; 在承 载凹槽 41安装钩尾销托 3; 所述钩尾销托 3为一平板， 顶部设置有承载凸台 34。 与上述第一种钩尾销托 3、 销托承台 4结构相同， 也在钩尾销托 3头部设置有销 托定位孔 36, 在销托承台 4头部的位置上设置有承台定位孔 42, 用于安装螺栓 螺母组合 5 , 在此不再赘述。
需说明的是， 为提高耐磨性能、 强度及使用寿命，钩尾销托 3采用 E级铸 钢制造； 为降低制造成本、 提高生产效率， 保证使用性能和制造精度， 要求采 用精密铸造或锻造工艺制造。
以上所述钩尾框， 钩尾销采用钩尾销托 3的承载结构， 具有以下优点： 钩 尾销托 3强度高 （约为钩尾销螺栓的 3倍）， 且与钩尾销间为面接触， 能确保使 用安全， 不会发生钩尾销托 3折断而导致钩尾销脱落的问题； 通过螺栓紧固， 能将钩尾销托 3锁死， 防止钩尾销托 3产生转动、 窜动等现象， 保证钩尾销托 3 在使用状态下牢靠、 稳定； 这种结构， 便于组装和分解， 有利于列检作业。
特别地， 为提高钩尾框疲劳使用寿命及强度储备， 钩尾框体 1 均采用 E 级锻钢制造。 同时， 借鉴 16型、 17型锻造钩尾框的设计和运用经验， 使钩尾 框框身和尾部的主要结构尺寸与 16型、 17型锻造钩尾框相同， 以进一步提高 钩尾框强度储备， 满足产品的互换性要求； 此外， 在结构设计上， 则尽量方便 锻造、 加工及焊接工艺的制造要求。
所述钩尾框体 1采用锻造工艺， 具有以下优点： 由于锻造钩尾框所用材料 优于铸造钩尾框， 可提高钩尾框的整体力学性能，使得锻造钩尾框的疲劳寿命 得到极大加强， 增强其使用可靠性； 锻造钩尾框制造技术已经成熟， 具备规模 生产能力， 有利于降低制造成本； 进一步地， 随着钩尾框使用寿命的增加， 其 性价比提高， 可降低铁路货车的使用成本。
上述钩尾框中增加了销托承台 4, 使得钩尾框体 1头部厚度有所增加， 但 与 13型、 13A型和 13B型钩尾框比较， 其最大轮廓尺寸小于仍 13型、 13A 型和 13B 型挂耳处的最大尺寸。 特别地， 可采用过渡结构设计， 使该部分厚 度逐步过渡， 直到钩尾框体 1与从板的接触部位，提高该部位的结构强度和制 造工艺性。此外， 因钩尾框体 1头部与车钩配合部尺寸与 13型、 13A型和 13B 型钩尾框相同， 可保证钩尾框体 1的互换性。
上述钩尾框中， 钩尾框体 1为锻造， 钩尾销由钩尾销托 3承载， 由此可有 效地解决针现有钩尾框自身强度及钩尾销承载方式强度不足等问题。其中，钩 尾销托 3可采用插入式结构， 也可采用旋入式结构； 前者已如前所述， 以下对 后者筒要说明。
请同时参见图 10-12,其中： 图 10是本发明钩尾框第二实施例中钩尾框体 的结构示意图； 图 11是图 10的左视图； 图 12是图 10的 A向局部视图。 该 实施例中， 钩尾框体 1头部下方设置有销托安装孔 12; 并在销托安装孔 12两 侧分别设置有销托承台 4, 具体可设计为花瓣形。 该销托承台 4与销托安装孔 12形成定位槽 121 , 以便安装钩尾销托 3; 安装时， 钩尾销托 3从钩尾框体 1 下方装入， 旋转到工作位置后再固定， 形成钩尾销承载机构。
特别地， 钩尾框体 1头部下方的销托承台 4上设置若干个承台定位孔 42, 用于安装钩尾销托的锁止机构， 其优选为铆釘（图未示出）。 当钩尾销推出到 定位槽 121位置后， 铆釘可防止钩尾销托 3转动而脱落。
与销托安装孔 12中的销托承台 4相对应， 本实施例中的钩尾销托 3两侧 也设置有承载凸缘 33 , 筒述如下。
请同时参见图 13-15 ,其中： 图 13是本发明钩尾框第二实施例中钩尾销托 的结构示意图； 图 14是图 13的左视图； 图 15是图 13的俯视图。该实施例中， 所述钩尾销托 3两侧分别设置有承载凸缘 33 , 具体设计为花瓣形， 以与销托 承台 4的形状对应。 当钩尾销托 3在销托安装孔 12中旋入， 当承载凸缘 33 在定位槽 121到位时， 由销托承台 4支撑承载凸缘 33。 钩尾销托 3上部设置 有承载凸台 34, 其顶面形状与钩尾销下表面形状相对应， 且钩尾销托 3具有 两个承载凸缘 33 , 可提高钩尾销托 3的结构强度， 提高防止钩尾销脱落的可 靠性。
与第一实施例的插入式结构相同， 本实施例中，销托承台 4上方留有一定 空间， 即定位槽 121的深度大于承载凸缘 33的厚度。 由此， 保证钩尾销组装 后钩尾销托 3与钩尾框承台 4的顶面和底面的间隙，以适应车辆通过垂直曲线 时钩尾销垂直转角的需要。
同样地， 本实施例中： 钩尾销托 3采用 E级铸钢、 精密铸造工艺制造， 提 高强度、 制造精度和耐磨性； 钩尾框体 1为锻造， 以增强钩尾框的自身强度； 在此不再赘述。 组装钩緩装置时， 先从钩尾销孔 11 下方组装钩尾销； 然后将钩尾销托 3 装入销托安装孔 12内； 旋转钩尾销托 3 , 使承载凸缘 33与定位槽 121对齐； 再组装 4个定位铆釘， 防止钩尾销托 3旋转后脱出。拆卸过程与上述安装过程 相反， 不再赘述。
此外， 钩尾销托 3也可以其它方式安装在钩尾框体 1上， 兹举一例说明。 请同时参见图 16-18 , 其中： 图 16是本发明钩尾框第三实施例的结构示意 图； 图 17是图 16中钩尾销托的主视图； 图 18是图 17的左视图。 本实施例中， 钩 尾框体 1头部下方设置有两对挂耳 2, 其上开设有若干螺栓孔 21 ; 钩尾销托 3上 部设置有承载凸台 34, 其顶面形状与钩尾销下表面形状相对应； 同时， 钩尾销 托 3设置销托定位孔 36, 用于安装螺栓螺母组合 5 , 使得钩尾销托 3可靠固定在 钩尾框体 1的头部下方。 此种钩尾销承载结构， 同样可以防止钩尾销脱落， 在 此不再赘述。
本实施例中， 钩尾框体 1为锻造， 其结构、 尺寸与上述第一、 第二实施例 相同， 以便提高钩尾框体 1自身强度。
上述钩尾框（即 13B型锻造钩尾框 具有以下优点：
其一、 强度储备高。 在保证设计强度与 13B型钩尾框（铸造）强度相当 的前提下， 借鉴 16型、 17型锻造钩尾框的设计经验， 使 13B型锻造钩尾框的 框身高度、 框身宽度、 尾部厚度等与 16型、 17型锻造钩尾框一致， 进一步提 高钩尾框的强度储备。
其二、 互换性好。 13B型锻造钩尾框的结构型式、 轮廓尺寸及配合尺寸 满足 13型、 13A型及 13B型车钩緩冲装置结构要求， 可与 13型、 13A型及 13B型钩尾框（铸造）互换，保证车钩緩冲系统配件的互换性； 在组装使用时， 无需改变现有作业过程及方法， 可充分利用现有工装和设备，便于钩緩装置的 组装与分解、 运用与维护。 由于 13B型锻造钩尾框主要结构尺寸与 16型、 17 型锻造钩尾框相同， 可保证检测样板与 13A、 13B型钩尾框及 16型、 17型钩 尾框的统一性和互换性。
其三、 结构安全可靠。 13B型锻造钩尾框可防止原 13型、 13A型、 13B 型钩尾销螺栓折断造成钩尾销脱落而引起的车钩分离问题，具有防止钩尾销脱 落的功能， 可提高车钩緩冲装置的可靠性， 保证铁路运输安全。 其四， 在保证产品性能的前提下， 13B型锻造钩尾框充分考虑锻造、 机加 及焊接工艺， 提高了产品的工艺性。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出的是，上述优选实施方式 不应视为对本发明的限制，本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为 准。 对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说， 在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内， 还可以做出若干改进和润饰， 这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种铁路货车钩緩装置的钩尾框， 包括钩尾框体， 头部设置有钩尾销 孔， 用于安装与车钩连接的钩尾销； 其特征在于， 还包括钩尾销托， 安装在所 述钩尾框体头部下方， 用于承载所述钩尾销； 所述钩尾销托的承载部位上表面 形状与钩尾销下表面形状相对应， 使钩尾销托与钩尾销之间为面接触。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的铁路货车钩緩装置的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述 钩尾框体头部下方固定有销托承台； 所述销托承台设置有承载凹槽， 用于插入 并支撑所述钩尾销托。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的铁路货车钩緩装置的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述 钩尾销托两侧分别设置有承载凸缘； 所述承载凹槽中部间断， 两侧的所述承载 HJ槽分别支撑相应侧的所述钩尾销托承载凸缘。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的铁路货车钩緩装置的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述 承载 EJ槽的深度大于所述钩尾销托承载凸缘的厚度。
5、 如权利要求 2所述的铁路货车钩緩装置的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述 钩尾销托头部及所述销托承台头部的相应位置上分别设置有定位孔，用于安装 钩尾销托的锁止机构。
6、 如权利要求 2所述的铁路货车钩緩装置的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述 钩尾销托尾部两侧分别设置有限位凸肩， 用于限制所述钩尾销托的插入距离。
7、 如权利要求 1所述的铁路货车钩緩装置的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述 钩尾框体头部下方设置有销托安装孔， 用于旋入所述钩尾销托； 所述销托安装 孔两侧分别设置有销托承台， 与所述销托安装孔形成定位槽； 所述钩尾销托两 侧分别设置有承载凸缘， 旋入所述定位槽时由所述销托承台支撑。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的铁路货车钩緩装置的钩尾框， 其特征在于， 所述 定位槽的深度大于所述钩尾销托承载凸缘的厚度。
9、 如权利要求 7所述的铁路货车钩緩装置的钩尾框， 其特征在， 所述销 托承台上设置若干定位孔， 用于安装钩尾销托的锁止机构。
10、 如权利要求 1-9任一项所述的铁路货车钩緩装置的钩尾框， 其特征在 于， 所述钩尾销托上部设置有承载凸台； 所述钩尾销托承载凸台的顶面形状与 所述钩尾销的下表面形状相对应。
11、如权利要求 1-9任一项所述的铁路货车钩緩装置的钩尾框，其特征在, 所述钩尾框体为锻造。
PCT/CN2009/072896 2009-01-21 2009-07-24 一种铁路货车钩缓装置的钩尾框 WO2010083675A1 (zh)

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CN101475017A (zh) * 2009-01-21 2009-07-08 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司 一种铁路货车钩缓装置的钩尾框
CN102730020A (zh) * 2011-04-01 2012-10-17 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司 钩尾框及车钩缓冲装置

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