WO2010053079A1 - 放射線被ばく低減方法 - Google Patents
放射線被ばく低減方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010053079A1 WO2010053079A1 PCT/JP2009/068792 JP2009068792W WO2010053079A1 WO 2010053079 A1 WO2010053079 A1 WO 2010053079A1 JP 2009068792 W JP2009068792 W JP 2009068792W WO 2010053079 A1 WO2010053079 A1 WO 2010053079A1
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- iron
- coolant
- radiation exposure
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- nickel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
- G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
- G21F1/10—Organic substances; Dispersions in organic carriers
- G21F1/103—Dispersions in organic carriers
- G21F1/106—Dispersions in organic carriers metallic dispersions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
- G21C19/28—Arrangements for introducing fluent material into the reactor core; Arrangements for removing fluent material from the reactor core
- G21C19/30—Arrangements for introducing fluent material into the reactor core; Arrangements for removing fluent material from the reactor core with continuous purification of circulating fluent material, e.g. by extraction of fission products deterioration or corrosion products, impurities, e.g. by cold traps
- G21C19/307—Arrangements for introducing fluent material into the reactor core; Arrangements for removing fluent material from the reactor core with continuous purification of circulating fluent material, e.g. by extraction of fission products deterioration or corrosion products, impurities, e.g. by cold traps specially adapted for liquids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D3/00—Control of nuclear power plant
- G21D3/08—Regulation of any parameters in the plant
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a radiation exposure reduction technique for reducing an exposure dose received by an operator during plant inspection or the like by suppressing a radiation dose around a reactor cooling system in a nuclear power plant, and more particularly, from a reactor cooling system to a coolant.
- the present invention relates to a radiation exposure reduction method for suppressing the radiation dose around a reactor cooling system by injecting iron into the reactor and ferritizing and fixing the radionuclide contained in the coolant or its parent nuclide on the surface of the core structure.
- metal materials such as stainless steel and nickel-base alloys are used as structural materials for cores and reactor cooling systems. Some of the constituent elements of these metal materials receive radionuclides upon receiving neutrons generated in the core. For example, nickel 58 becomes radioactive cobalt 58 by the nuclear reaction shown by the formula (1), and cobalt 59 becomes radioactive cobalt 60 by the nuclear reaction shown by the formula (2).
- the radionuclide generated in the reactor core moves along the flow of coolant (water) and adheres to equipment and piping that make up the reactor cooling system.
- the radionuclide in the reactor cooling system equipment and piping, particularly cobalt 60/58, which emits high-energy gamma rays, is the main source of radiation received by workers during plant inspections and the like.
- iron oxide is less reactive with nickel and cobalt in the coolant than iron ions, so even if the iron oxide injected into the coolant reaches the core, nickel and cobalt are good. Cannot be expected to become ferritic. If a large amount of iron oxide is injected, nickel or cobalt can be satisfactorily ferritized, but the iron-excess state of the coolant is not preferable for plant operation.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and a radiation exposure reduction technique for reducing the exposure dose received by an operator during a plant inspection or the like by suppressing the radiation dose around the reactor cooling system in a nuclear power plant.
- nickel and cobalt are satisfactorily ferritized and fixed on the surface of the fuel cladding tube by the injected iron, and the radiation exposure reducing method that makes it easy to control the iron concentration of the coolant and also reduces the handling load of the apparatus used for iron injection.
- the purpose is to provide.
- iron is injected into a coolant flowing from a reactor cooling system of a nuclear power plant toward a core, and the radioactive contained in the coolant.
- soluble iron organic acid is used as iron to be injected into the coolant. It is characterized by using some iron citrate.
- iron is injected into the coolant flowing from the reactor cooling system of the nuclear power plant toward the core, and the radionuclide contained in the coolant or its parent nuclide.
- the iron to be injected into the coolant is an organic acid iron having a particle size of 3 ⁇ m or less It is characterized by using iron oxalate or iron fumarate.
- an insoluble iron compound may be used together with a soluble organic acid iron. It is preferable to use iron oxide hydroxide as the insoluble iron compound.
- nickel and cobalt are satisfactorily ferritized and fixed on the surface of the fuel cladding tube by the injected iron, the control of the coolant iron concentration is easy, and the handling of the apparatus used for iron injection is performed. The load can also be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a BWR to which the radiation exposure reducing method of this embodiment is applied.
- FIG. 1 shows the internal structure of the BWR, the reactor cooling system, the coolant purification system, and the residual heat removal system.
- the coolant (water) warmed in the core 102 inside the reactor pressure vessel 101 is sent to the main steam pipe 103 of the main steam system MS as high-temperature and high-pressure steam, and the generator It is used as power for the turbine 104 which is a drive source.
- the steam exhausted from the turbine 104 is secured as condensate, and impurities are removed to prevent corrosion of equipment and piping forming the reactor cooling system RC.
- This condensate is overheated to a specified temperature so that it can be supplied to the reactor pressure vessel 101 as a coolant, and then passed again through the feed pipe 105 of the feed water system FD to the reactor pressure vessel 101 as a coolant. Supplied.
- reference numeral 106 denotes a water supply pump.
- the coolant inside the reactor pressure vessel 101 is taken into the recirculation piping 107 and boosted by the recirculation pump 108 in the reactor coolant recirculation system RRS, and then is supplied from the jet pump 109 to the reactor pressure vessel. 101 is injected into the interior.
- the core output control is performed by the coolant supply flow rate control, and the coolant is agitated inside the reactor pressure vessel 101.
- the tributary of the coolant taken into the recirculation system pipe 107 reaches a temperature suitable for filtration and desalting in the heat exchanger 110 (regenerative heat exchanger 110a, non-regenerative heat exchanger 110b).
- the pressure is increased by the pump 111, and impurities are removed by the filtration desalting apparatus 112.
- the coolant that has undergone the purification treatment is recovered in the regenerative heat exchanger 110a and then supplied into the reactor pressure vessel 101 through the water supply pipe 105 in the water supply system FD.
- the stainless steel and nickel-base alloy that have excellent mechanical strength and corrosion resistance even under high temperature and high pressure are used as materials for equipment and piping that come into contact with the high temperature and high pressure coolant flowing through the reactor cooling system RC.
- stainless steel and nickel-base alloys are not unaffected by corrosion reactions. Oxide films are formed on the surface, and particulate nickel nuclides (metal oxides) and ionic impurities migrate to the coolant. Can do.
- the clad and ionic impurities contained in the coolant are generally called corrosion products, and are finally brought into the core 102 through the reactor cooling system RC, the coolant purification system CUW, and the residual heat removal system RHR.
- the corrosion product brought into the core 102 is activated by being irradiated with neutrons at the core 102, particularly the surface of the fuel cladding tube, and becomes a radioactive corrosion product.
- nickel 58 and cobalt 59 contained in corrosive organisms become cobalt 58 and cobalt 60 that emit high-energy gamma rays.
- a radioactive corrosion product is produced
- the radioactive corrosion product containing cobalt radioisotope generated through various processes circulates in the reactor cooling system RC along the coolant flow in the form of particles or ions.
- a part of this radioactive corrosion product is again adhered and fixed to the fuel cladding tube or removed by the filter demineralizer 112 of the coolant purification system CUW and other purification apparatuses, while the other part is the reactor cooling system. It adheres to the inner surface of the equipment and piping that make up the RC, increasing the radiation dose around the reactor cooling system RC.
- the radiation exposure reducing method of this embodiment is used.
- iron is injected into the coolant flowing from the reactor cooling system RC of the BWR 1 toward the core 102, and the radionuclide contained in the coolant or its parent nuclide is transferred to the core 102, particularly the fuel rod. It suppresses the radiation dose around the reactor cooling system RC by being ferritized and fixed on the surface, and includes the following steps 1 to 4 (in no particular order).
- Step 1 A tank for storing an aqueous solution of iron citrate and a high-pressure injection pump capable of injecting the iron citrate solution in the tank into the high-pressure reactor cooling system RC are prepared.
- Process 2 The injection point of the iron citrate solution is set on the discharge side of the water supply pump 106 of the recirculation system pipe 107 or the water supply pipe 105 in the reactor cooling system RC.
- symbol P of FIG. 1 is an injection
- the iron injection point P is preferably closer to the reactor pressure vessel 101 in order to reduce the iron ion transport loss targeting the core 102. Further, the iron injection point P may be single or plural.
- Process 3 When coolant is circulating, for example, during the operation of the plant, during start-up operation or during stop operation, iron injection is started from each injection point P.
- Process 4 The iron injection amount is adjusted so that the iron concentration of the coolant is about 0.05 ppb to 0.5 ppb as the concentration in the feed water. The reason is that if the iron concentration of the coolant is in the range of 0.05 ppb to 0.5 ppb as the concentration in the feed water, the influence on the plant characteristics such as coolant conductivity can be ignored.
- the demonstration test was conducted to confirm the chemical properties of iron citrate related to the controllability of coolant iron concentration, the rate of nickel ferrite and cobalt ferrite formation, and the adhesion of each ferrite to the fuel cladding surface. .
- This demonstration test consists of [dissolution test], [reaction test], and [adhesion test].
- Step S101 In a beaker, iron citrate is added to 500 mL of pure water so that the iron concentration becomes 150 ppm.
- Step S102 While stirring the iron citrate solution in the beaker with a spoon, ultrasonic waves are projected onto the iron citrate solution, and an operation for uniformly dispersing the solute is performed for 10 minutes. After this ultrasonic treatment, the beaker is allowed to stand.
- Step S103 The suspension is collected at each timing of 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes after the ultrasonic treatment.
- Step S104 The collected suspension is dropped onto a filter having a void size of 0.1 ⁇ m, and a vacuum filtration operation is performed.
- Step S105 The amount of iron collected by the filter is measured using a fluorescent X-ray analyzer.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the results of a verification test (dissolution test) related to the radiation exposure reduction method of the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis represents the time with the reference (0 minutes) immediately after the ultrasonic processing in step S102.
- the vertical axis represents the ratio of the suspended component and the ratio of the ionic component to the total amount of iron (sum of suspended component and ionic component).
- iron which is a component of iron citrate, was ionized with time, and almost the entire amount was ionized 60 minutes after the ultrasonic treatment.
- reaction test confirms the chemical characteristics of iron citrate related to the rate of formation of nickel ferrite and cobalt ferrite. The procedure (step) of this reaction test will be described.
- Step S201 Three types of iron reagents, particulate iron, iron citrate, and iron oxalate, are prepared, and each iron reagent is collected so that the weight of iron is 2.5 mg, and each is Teflon (registered trademark name). Place in a test tube (volume 20 ml).
- Step S202 15 ml of pure water is added to each test tube, and an aqueous nickel sulfate solution is added so that the weight of nickel is 1.25 mg.
- Step S203 Ultrasonic waves are projected onto each test tube to disperse the solute in the test tube evenly.
- Step S204 Put each test tube in an autoclave, and heat the test tube at 285 ° C. for about 17 hours.
- the temperature (285 ° C.) is set by simulating the coolant temperature in the reactor cooling system RC of BWR1.
- Step S205 After completion of heating, the reaction product in each test tube is filtered through a 0.1 ⁇ m filter, and the form and composition ratio of the reaction product are obtained using a fluorescent X-ray analyzer and an X-ray diffractometer.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of a verification test (reaction test) related to the radiation exposure reduction method of the present embodiment.
- iron citrate is highly reactive with nickel and is more likely to produce nickel ferrite than particulate iron or iron oxalate.
- iron citrate has high reactivity with nickel having chemical properties similar to those of nickel, and it is considered that cobalt ferrite is likely to be generated as compared with particulate iron and iron oxalate.
- the adhesion test is to confirm the chemical characteristics of iron citrate related to the adhesion of nickel ferrite and cobalt ferrite on the surface of the fuel cladding tube. The procedure (step) of this adhesion test will be described.
- Step S301 Prepare two types of iron reagents, particulate iron and iron citrate, and create a solution having an iron concentration of 100 ppb and a nickel ion concentration of 10 ppb for each iron reagent.
- Step S302 Each solution of the iron reagent created in Step S301 is passed through a test system that simulates the fuel cladding tube of BWR1 and the boiling environment around the fuel cladding tube.
- the water flow rate of the solution is 250 ml / min, and the water flow time of each solution is about 100 hours.
- a test piece simulating a fuel cladding tube (tube material made of Zircaloy alloy having an outer diameter of about 12 mm and a length of about 200 mm) is covered with a sheath heater, and the sheath heater is filled with water and the filled water is heated to boiling. It is constituted by making it.
- Step S303 After passing water in step S302, the amount of nickel deposited on the surface of the test piece is quantified.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of a verification test (adhesion test) related to the radiation exposure reduction method of the present embodiment.
- the nickel adhesion amount on the surface of the test piece was 490 mg when the particulate iron solution was passed through and 1600 mg when the iron citrate solution was passed through. That is, iron citrate tends to fix nickel to the test piece as compared with particulate iron. In addition, iron citrate is considered to easily fix cobalt, which has similar chemical properties to nickel, as compared to particulate iron.
- the injection point of iron citrate to the coolant is set on the discharge side of the water supply pump 106 of the recirculation system pipe 107 or the water supply pipe 105 in the reactor cooling system RC. That is, the injection point of iron citrate is set as close as possible to the reactor pressure vessel 101 in the reactor cooling system RC. For this reason, excessive iron injection in anticipation of the amount of iron citrate with high reactivity adhering to the equipment and piping of the reactor cooling system RC before reaching the core 102 can be suppressed, thereby affecting the plant operation. Can be reduced.
- This embodiment is an example in which the iron reagent used in steps 1 to 4 in the radiation exposure reducing method of the first embodiment is changed.
- iron oxalate is less soluble in the coolant than iron citrate. Since other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.
- Step S401 Two types of iron reagents, commercially available iron oxalate and iron oxalate having a small particle diameter, are prepared, and a suspension of each iron reagent is prepared in a beaker.
- the particle size of commercially available iron oxalate is mostly several tens of ⁇ m, and the particle size of small particle size iron oxalate is mostly 1 to 3 ⁇ m.
- Step S402 While stirring the suspension in each beaker with a spoon, an ultrasonic wave is projected onto the suspension to perform an operation of uniformly dispersing the suspended components. After this ultrasonic treatment, the beaker is allowed to stand.
- Step S403 After 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes after the ultrasonic treatment, the remaining rate of iron oxalate in each beaker is examined at the timing of 60 minutes. .
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the results of a verification test (dispersion test) related to the radiation exposure reduction method of the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis represents time with the reference (0 minutes) immediately after the ultrasonic treatment in step S403.
- the vertical axis represents the residual ratio of iron oxalate in the beaker. This residual ratio in liquid is the amount of suspended oxalic acid components (excluding the amount of precipitated components) relative to the total amount of iron oxalate charged into the beaker.
- the “small particle size iron oxalate 1” and “small particle size iron oxalate 2” in FIG. 5 have the same particle size and other test conditions.
- iron oxalate particle size of several tens of ⁇ m
- the residual ratio of iron oxalate in the liquid is about 5%. there were.
- iron oxalate with a small particle size particle size of 1 to 3 ⁇ m
- the residual ratio of iron oxalate in the liquid is about 80% or more. there were.
- iron oxalate having a particle size of 1 to 3 ⁇ m has significantly higher dispersibility than iron oxalate having a particle size of several tens of ⁇ m.
- Iron oxalate is less soluble in water than iron citrate, and most of it becomes a particulate suspended component. For this reason, when iron oxalate is injected into the coolant, transport loss targeting the core 102 can be reduced as compared with the case where iron citrate is injected.
- This embodiment is an example in which the iron reagent used in steps 1 to 4 in the radiation exposure reducing method of the first embodiment is changed.
- a suspension prepared by mixing a mixed iron reagent of iron citrate and iron oxide hydroxide (FeO (OH)) into pure water as iron to be poured into the reactor cooling system RC of BWR1.
- FeO (OH) iron oxide hydroxide
- reaction test confirms the chemical characteristics of the mixed iron reagent related to the production rate of nickel ferrite and cobalt ferrite.
- the reaction test for iron citrate, which is a component of the mixed iron reagent, is the same as the reaction test described in the first embodiment (steps S201 to S205).
- the reaction test of iron oxide hydroxide which is a component of the mixed iron reagent, was performed by adding nickel to a suspension of iron oxide hydroxide mixed with pure water and analyzing the reaction product.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the results of a verification test (reaction test) related to the radiation exposure reduction method of the present embodiment.
- the result of “before reaction” is the abundance ratio of the reactants before the reaction between the suspension and nickel.
- Post-reaction 1 and “post-reaction 2” are results relating to two experiments under the same conditions, and are the abundance ratios of the reactants in the first and second analysis, respectively.
- the first analysis was performed 17 hours after the start of the reaction between iron oxide hydroxide and nickel, and the second analysis was also performed 17 hours after the start of the reaction.
- Residual iron oxide hydroxide gradually produces hematite or nickel ferrite by reaction with nickel. Moreover, the produced hematite reacts with nickel and becomes nickel ferrite gently. That is, iron oxide hydroxide is less reactive to ferritize nickel than iron citrate, but has a long life as a ferritizing agent. Note that iron oxide hydroxide is considered to have a long life as a ferritizing agent while producing cobalt ferrite through the same reaction process as cobalt having similar chemical properties to nickel.
- the reactivity between iron citrate and nickel is good (see FIG. 3), and the reactivity between iron citrate and cobalt is considered to be the same. For this reason, when iron citrate is injected into the coolant, nickel (cobalt) can be satisfactorily ferritized. However, due to the high reactivity between iron citrate and nickel (cobalt), the iron concentration in the coolant rapidly decreases, and there is also one aspect that the sustainability of the function of ferritizing nickel (cobalt) is not good. .
- iron oxide hydroxide together with insolubility in water, is not as reactive as nickel as iron citrate. Therefore, in the presence of nickel, about 60 minutes of iron citrate is consumed for nickel ferrite formation in about 60 minutes (see FIG. 3). Dozens of percent remain (see FIG. 6).
- the radiation exposure reducing method according to the present invention has been described based on the first to third embodiments.
- the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments, and the scope of the claims is as follows. Design changes and additions are allowed without departing from the spirit of the invention described.
- iron oxalate having a particle diameter of 1 to 3 ⁇ m as the iron oxalate to be injected into the coolant is shown, but the smaller the iron oxalate particle diameter is, for example, 1 ⁇ m or less. This is because the smaller the iron oxalate particle size, the better the dispersibility of the iron oxalate in the liquid, thereby improving the controllability of the coolant iron concentration and reducing the load of the tank agitation work for storing the iron oxalate. Because it is. Instead of iron oxalate, iron fumarate and other organic acid irons may be used.
- iron used together with iron oxide hydroxide is iron oxalate, iron fumarate or other organic materials. It may be acid iron. Furthermore, instead of iron oxide hydroxide, other iron compounds may be used. However, from the viewpoint of sustaining the function of ferritizing nickel or the like, the iron compound has a higher dispersibility in water (coolant), such as iron oxide hydroxide, and moreover water (coolant). A higher insolubility tendency is more preferable.
- this iron injection point is set to the coolant purification system or the like. You may do it.
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Abstract
Description
59Co(n,γ)60Co ……(2)
炉心で生成した放射性核種は、冷却材(水)の流れに沿って移行し、原子炉冷却系を成す機器や配管に付着する。この原子炉冷却系の機器・配管における放射性核種、特に、高エネルギーのガンマ線を放出するコバルト60/58は、プラント検査等に際して作業者が受ける放射線の主たる線源となる。
本発明は上記事情に鑑みてなされたもので、原子力発電プラントにて原子炉冷却系周囲の放射線量を抑えることによりプラント検査等に際して作業者が受ける被ばく線量を低減する放射線被ばく低減技術において、注入鉄によりニッケルやコバルトが燃料被覆管表面にて良好にフェライト化し固着すると共に、冷却材鉄濃度の制御が容易となり且つ鉄の注入に用いる装置の取り扱い負荷も低減できる放射線被ばく低減方法を提供することを目的とする。
図1は本実施形態の放射線被ばく低減方法が適用されたBWRを示す図である。なお、図1はBWRの炉内構造ならびに原子炉冷却系、冷却材浄化系、残留熱除去系について示したものである。
溶解試験は、冷却材鉄濃度の制御性に関わるクエン酸鉄の化学特性を確認するものである。この溶解試験の手順(ステップ)を説明する。
(a) 冷却材(水)に注入されたクエン酸鉄の成分鉄は速やかに(凡そ60分以内)に略全量がイオンとなり原子炉冷却系RCを循環する。或いは、クエン酸鉄溶液を貯留するタンク内で、クエン酸鉄溶液の成分鉄は速やかに略全量がイオンとなり、冷却材に注入された後、鉄イオンが原子炉冷却系RCを循環する。このため、クエン酸鉄の水に対する溶解性すなわち高い分散性により、原子炉冷却系RCの冷却材に鉄を均一流量で供給でき冷却材鉄濃度を制御し易いものとなる。
反応試験は、ニッケルフェライトやコバルトフェライトの生成速度に関わるクエン酸鉄の化学特性を確認するものである。この反応試験の手順(ステップ)を説明する。
(c) 冷却材にクエン酸鉄を注入すると、粒子状の鉄やシュウ酸鉄を注入する場合と比較してニッケルやコバルトを良好にフェライト化できる。
付着試験は、燃料被覆管表面におけるニッケルフェライトやコバルトフェライトの固着性に関わるクエン酸鉄の化学特性を確認するものである。この付着試験の手順(ステップ)を説明する。
(d) 冷却材にクエン酸鉄を注入すると、粒子状の鉄を注入する場合と比較し、ニッケルやコバルトが燃料被覆管の表面で固着しやすいものとなる。なお、固着の程度は、粒子状の鉄の3倍以上である。
(1) プラントの運転中等において冷却材が循環しているときに、その冷却材に注入する鉄として、クエン酸鉄を用いる。このため、注入鉄によりニッケルやコバルトが燃料被覆管表面にて良好にフェライト化し固着すると共に、冷却材鉄濃度の制御が容易となり且つ鉄の注入に用いる装置の取り扱い負荷も低減できる。
本実施形態は、第1実施形態の放射線被ばく低減方法における工程1~工程4で用いる鉄試薬を変更した実施例である。
分散試験は、水(冷却材)に対して難溶解性を示すシュウ酸鉄について、冷却材鉄濃度の制御性に関わる化学特性を確認するものである。この分散試験の手順(ステップ)を説明する。
ステップS401:市販のシュウ酸鉄、小粒径シュウ酸鉄の2種類の鉄試薬を用意し、ビーカ内で各鉄試薬の懸濁液を作成する。ここで、市販のシュウ酸鉄の粒径は、大部分が数十μmであり、小粒径シュウ酸鉄の粒径は、大部分が1~3μmである。
(e) 冷却材に注入するシュウ酸鉄(冷却材に対して難溶解性)として粒径1~3μmのものを用いると、シュウ酸鉄は、高い分散性によって冷却材中で懸濁すると共にこの懸濁状態が長期維持されながら原子炉冷却系RCを循環する。このため、原子炉冷却系RCの冷却材に鉄を均一流量で供給でき冷却材鉄濃度を制御し易いものとなる。なお、鉄化合物の粒径を小さくする手段としては、シュウ酸鉄の作成時に原料濃度を高くし粒子成長を抑える方法、物理的に破砕する方法などがある。
(3) プラントの運転中等において冷却材が循環しているときに、その冷却材に注入する鉄として、1~3μm以下の粒径を有するシュウ酸鉄を用いる。このため、注入鉄によりニッケルやコバルトが燃料被覆管表面にて良好にフェライト化し固着すると共に、冷却材鉄濃度の制御が容易となり且つ鉄の注入に用いる装置の取り扱い負荷も低減できる。
本実施形態は、第1実施形態の放射線被ばく低減方法における工程1~工程4で用いる鉄試薬を変更した実施例である。
反応試験は、ニッケルフェライトやコバルトフェライトの生成速度に関わる混合鉄試薬の化学特性を確認するものである。なお、混合鉄試薬の成分であるクエン酸鉄の反応試験は、第1実施形態で説明した反応試験(ステップS201~ステップS205)と同様である。
(i) 冷却材にクエン酸鉄と酸化水酸化鉄の混合鉄試薬を注入すると、クエン酸鉄によりニッケルやコバルトを良好にフェライト化させつつ、酸化水酸化鉄によりフェライト化の機能を長期に至って持続させることが可能になる。
(4) 冷却材に注入する鉄として、クエン酸鉄と共に酸化水酸化鉄を用いる。このため、注入鉄によりニッケルやコバルトが燃料被覆管表面にて良好にフェライト化し固着すると共に、冷却材鉄濃度の制御が容易となり且つ鉄の注入に用いる装置の取り扱い負荷も低減できる。しかも、このニッケルやコバルトのフェライト化の機能を長期に至って持続させることができる。
Claims (7)
- 原子力発電プラントの原子炉冷却系から炉心に向かって流れる冷却材に鉄を注入し、冷却材に含まれる放射性核種或いはその親核種を炉心構造物の表面でフェライト化し固着させることで原子炉冷却系周囲の放射線量を抑える放射線被ばく低減方法において、
前記冷却材に注入する鉄として、溶解性の有機酸鉄であるクエン酸鉄を用いることを特徴とする放射線被ばく低減方法。 - 前記溶解性の有機酸鉄と共に不溶解性の鉄化合物を用いることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の放射線被ばく低減方法。
- 前記不溶解性の鉄化合物として、酸化水酸化鉄を用いることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の放射線被ばく低減方法。
- 前記溶解性の有機酸鉄の注入点を、原子炉冷却系における原子炉冷却材再循環系或いは給水系の給水ポンプ吐出側に設定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の放射線被ばく低減方法。
- 原子力発電プラントの原子炉冷却系から炉心に向かって流れる冷却材に鉄を注入し、冷却材に含まれる放射性核種或いはその親核種を炉心構造物の表面でフェライト化し固着させることで原子炉冷却系周囲の放射線量を抑える放射線被ばく低減方法において、
前記冷却材に注入する鉄として、3μm以下の粒径を有するシュウ酸鉄またはフマル酸鉄を用いることを特徴とする放射線被ばく低減方法。 - 前記有機酸鉄と共に不溶解性の鉄化合物を用いることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の放射線被ばく低減方法。
- 前記不溶解性の鉄化合物として、酸化水酸化鉄を用いることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の放射線被ばく低減方法。
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| JP2010536771A JP5106640B2 (ja) | 2008-11-04 | 2009-11-04 | 放射線被ばく低減方法 |
| SE1100429A SE536022C2 (sv) | 2008-11-04 | 2009-11-04 | Förfarande för reduktion av strålningsexponering i kärnkraftverk via införsel av järninnehållande föreningar i kylsystemet |
| US13/127,503 US8798225B2 (en) | 2008-11-04 | 2009-11-04 | Radiation exposure reduction method |
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| US20110211663A1 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
| JPWO2010053079A1 (ja) | 2012-04-05 |
| SE1100429A1 (sv) | 2011-06-29 |
| SE536022C2 (sv) | 2013-04-02 |
| JP5106640B2 (ja) | 2012-12-26 |
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