WO2010050449A1 - パーム油、脱臭留出物及びそれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
パーム油、脱臭留出物及びそれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010050449A1 WO2010050449A1 PCT/JP2009/068363 JP2009068363W WO2010050449A1 WO 2010050449 A1 WO2010050449 A1 WO 2010050449A1 JP 2009068363 W JP2009068363 W JP 2009068363W WO 2010050449 A1 WO2010050449 A1 WO 2010050449A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- palm
- oil
- producing
- palm oil
- treatment
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/02—Pretreatment
- C11B1/04—Pretreatment of vegetable raw material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/007—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/06—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by pressing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
- C11B3/06—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with bases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/10—Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/12—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B7/00—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils
- C11B7/0075—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils by differences of melting or solidifying points
Definitions
- the present invention relates to palm oil, deodorized distillates, and methods for producing them, and in particular, palm oil excellent in chromaticity and flavor, and a method for producing the same, by a chemical purification method that performs alkali deoxidation.
- the present invention also relates to providing a method for producing palm oil that can be obtained with good yield.
- the present invention relates to providing a deodorized distillate in which useful components are highly concentrated and a method for producing the same.
- Palm oil has been conventionally manufactured according to, for example, a manufacturing process flow shown in FIG. 2 (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 1).
- the manufacturing process flow shown in FIG. 2 includes a step of performing a pressing process using palm fruit bunches as a raw material to obtain palm pressing oil and further palm crude oil, and a step of refining palm crude oil to obtain refined palm oil.
- Palm oil can be obtained by allowing the obtained palm pressing oil to stand and performing centrifugation.
- the palm crude oil obtained in the above step is refined.
- the purification process is roughly divided into a physical purification method and a chemical purification method.
- the obtained crude oil is subjected to a degumming treatment with an acid, a decoloring treatment with an adsorbent such as clay or activated carbon, and a deoxidizing / deodorizing treatment by reduced pressure steam distillation.
- a degumming treatment with an acid
- a decoloring treatment with an adsorbent such as clay or activated carbon
- a deoxidizing / deodorizing treatment by reduced pressure steam distillation.
- the chemical refining method for example, for the obtained crude oil, degumming treatment with acid, deoxidation treatment with alkali, water washing treatment for removing excess alkali and soap after deoxidation treatment, clay, activated carbon, etc.
- the refined palm oil is produced by performing a decoloring treatment with an adsorbent of the above and a deodorizing treatment by reduced-pressure steam distillation.
- the chemical refining method has a high refining effect, but since the yield of the refined palm oil is not good, it has not been carried out as a refining method for palm oil in recent years.
- the current refining method of palm oil is performed by a physical refining method, but the chromaticity of palm oil is reduced by increasing the amount of white clay used for decolorization.
- the obtained refined palm oil can be used to obtain palm fractionated oil (one stage or two or more stages) such as palm olein, palm super olein, palm mid fraction, and palm stearin.
- the deodorized distillate obtained as a by-product by performing the deodorizing step of the purification treatment contains useful components such as squalene, tocopherol, tocotrienol and the like in addition to the free fatty acid. It is known to be used as a raw material for obtaining (see, for example, Patent Document 2). These useful substances are used for pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics and the like for the purpose of antioxidants, nutritional components and the like.
- JP 2006-316254 A (paragraph [0003]) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-9875
- the concentration of useful components such as tocopherol and tocotrienol contained in the deodorized distillate is very low, so that a complicated concentration treatment is required. Therefore, the manufacturing method of the palm oil which can obtain the deodorized distillate in which the useful component was concentrated more highly is calculated
- an object of the present invention is palm oil excellent in chromaticity and flavor, and a method for producing the palm oil, and the production of palm oil that can be obtained in a high yield even by a chemical refining method that performs alkali deoxidation. Is to provide a method. Furthermore, it is providing the manufacturing method of the palm oil which can obtain the deodorizing distillate which the useful component highly concentrated, the said deodorizing distillate, and its manufacturing method.
- the present invention provides a process in which a palm raw material is steamed within 24 hours after harvesting and then pressed to obtain palm crude oil, and the palm crude oil is subjected to alkali desorption in a subsequent refining process. And a step of obtaining a palm alkali deoxidized oil by acid treatment. Moreover, in the said refinement
- the present invention provides a palm oil characterized by being produced by the palm oil production method of the present invention.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing a deodorized distillate, characterized in that a deodorized distillate is obtained by the deodorizing treatment in the palm oil producing method in order to achieve the above object.
- the present invention provides a deodorized distillate characterized by being obtained by the deodorizing treatment in the palm oil production method in order to achieve the above object.
- a palm oil excellent in chromaticity and flavor and a method for producing the palm oil, and a method for producing palm oil that can be obtained in a high yield even by a chemical purification method that performs alkali deoxidation. can do. Furthermore, the manufacturing method of the palm oil which can obtain the deodorizing distillate in which the useful component was highly concentrated, the said deodorizing distillate, and its manufacturing method can be provided.
- the palm raw material is subjected to steam heat treatment within 24 hours after harvesting, and then pressed to obtain palm crude oil. And a step of obtaining a palm alkali deoxidized oil by alkali deoxidation treatment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a palm oil production process flow according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 showing an example of a conventional palm oil production process flow is a steam heat treatment within 24 hours after harvesting the palm raw material, and the resulting palm crude oil is subjected to an alkali deoxidation treatment to remove the palm alkali. It is different in that a chemical purification method including a step of obtaining acid oil is performed.
- steaming heat treatment within 24 hours after harvesting palm raw material, high quality palm crude oil can be obtained.
- steaming is performed within 20 hours after harvesting, more preferably within 12 hours after harvesting, and even more preferably within 6 hours after harvesting.
- the method of steam enzyme deactivation treatment can be performed by a conventional method.
- the oil By pressing, the oil is divided into palm pressing oil and pressing cake, and the resulting palm pressing oil is left to stand and centrifuged to remove oil and obtain palm crude oil.
- the obtained palm crude oil is refined by the following refining process.
- the pressed cake is used to obtain palm kernel oil from which the palm kernel has been removed.
- the obtained palm crude oil has a decoloration degradation index (DOBI) of preferably 2.6 or more, more preferably 2.8 or more, and further preferably 3.0 or more.
- the obtained palm crude oil has an acid value of preferably 7.0 or less, more preferably 6.0 or less, still more preferably 5.0 or less, and most preferably 3.0 or less.
- the acid value is a numerical value that can be used as an index for the hydrolysis of fats and oils, and “the number of mg of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize free fatty acids contained in 1 g of fats and oils” in the standard fat analysis method.
- a neutral solvent is added to the sample and dissolved, and titrated with N / 10 potassium hydroxide-ethanol standard solution.
- Acid value (5.611 ⁇ A ⁇ F) / B
- F Factor of N / 10 potassium hydroxide-ethanol standard solution
- B Sampling amount (g)
- the refining process employs a chemical refining method, for example, for the obtained palm crude oil, a degumming process with an acid, a deoxidizing process with an alkali, a water washing process for removing excess alkali and soap after the deoxidizing process,
- a refined palm oil is produced by performing a decolorization treatment with an adsorbent such as clay and activated carbon, and a deodorization treatment by reduced-pressure steam distillation.
- Each process can be performed by a conventionally performed method.
- white clay can be used, but activated white clay is preferably used.
- the step of obtaining palm alkali deoxidized oil by subjecting palm crude oil obtained by the above method to alkali deoxidation is an essential step, whereby palm oil is excellent in yield and purification effect.
- a manufacturing method is provided.
- an alkaline aqueous solution is added to palm crude oil, followed by stirring, separating the alkaline oil cake, and further washing with water.
- an aqueous solution having a concentration of 5 to 30% by mass such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide is preferable, so that it becomes 90 to 150% with respect to an amount necessary for neutralizing free fatty acids in palm oil.
- Add to If it is 90% or more, it is preferable because free fatty acids can be sufficiently removed, and if it is 150% or less, unnecessary hydrolysis is suppressed and the yield is improved.
- stirring and separation are preferably performed at 60 to 98 ° C.
- an aqueous solution having a concentration of 5 to 30% by mass such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is preferably added at 1% by mass or less with respect to the oil.
- hydrolysis of palm crude oil is within 12 hours after palm crude oil is obtained by pressing and before alkaline deoxidation treatment is performed. More preferably, it is within 6 hours.
- Palm oil obtained by alkali deoxidation treatment is suitable for use in obtaining palm fractionated oils such as palm olein, palm super olein, palm mid fraction, palm stearin and the like by fractionation.
- the fractionation process can be performed by a known method. Further, if necessary, further purification can be performed before and after fractionation. In the present invention, if it is after a deoxidation treatment with an alkali, it may be carried out before the decolorization treatment and / or deodorization treatment. Moreover, after performing a decoloring process and / or a deodorizing process, you may perform a separation process, and you may perform a decoloring process and / or a deodorizing process after that.
- Palm oil produced by the above-described method for producing palm oil is palm oil excellent in chromaticity and flavor.
- Deodorized distillate A collection of fractions distilled by the deodorizing treatment in the purification treatment is a deodorized distillate.
- the deodorized distillate obtained by the deodorizing treatment in the method for producing palm oil according to the embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the content of free fatty acids is small and the concentration of useful components is high, and this useful It is suitable to be used as a raw material for obtaining components.
- the deodorized distillate contains, for example, tocopherol, tocotrienol, squalene, etc. as useful components, and is used as it is or further purified to produce pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics, etc. for the purpose of antioxidants, nutritional components, etc. used.
- the total concentration of tocopherol and tocotrienol is 20000 ppm or more.
- the total concentration of tocopherol and tocotrienol in the mass ratio of tocopherol: tocotrienol 20:80 to 40:60 is 20000 ppm or more, preferably 30000 ppm or more, and the squalene concentration is 3 mass% or more, preferably 5 mass%, more preferably. Is excellent as a raw material for obtaining these components in that it is 10% by mass or more.
- Palm fractionation oil Among the palm fraction oils produced by the production method according to the present invention, palm olein and palm super olein are palm fraction oils excellent in cold resistance.
- palm oil can be obtained in good yield even by a chemical purification method in which alkaline deoxidation is performed, and a deodorized distillate in which useful components are highly concentrated is obtained.
- the manufacturing method of the palm oil which can be provided can be provided.
- Palm oil was manufactured under the conditions described below in accordance with the manufacturing process flow of FIG. 1 (Example) or FIG. 2 (Comparative Example).
- Example 1 is a fruit removal method in which steam enzyme deactivation treatment (steaming heat treatment) is performed using fruit bunches within 12 hours after harvest, which are palm raw materials, according to the flow of FIG. Processing was performed, and the pressed fruit was subjected to a pressing process. Before the refining treatment, the palm pressing oil obtained by the pressing treatment was left still and centrifuged to obtain palm crude oil A. The obtained palm crude oil A had an acid value of 2.8 (a free fatty acid content of 1.23% by mass) and a decoloration degradation index (DOBI) of 2.8.
- steam enzyme deactivation treatment steaming heat treatment
- DOBI decoloration degradation index
- the refined palm oil was manufactured by refine
- Palm Oil and Deodorized Distillate of Comparative Example 1 palm oil and deodorized distillate were produced as follows according to the flow of FIG.
- the palm pressing oil obtained by the pressing process was left still and centrifuged to obtain palm crude oil B.
- purified palm oil and deodorized distillate were obtained by performing degumming treatment with acid, decolorization treatment, and deodorization treatment.
- palm crude oil B produced by steam enzyme deactivation treatment (steaming heat treatment) of fruit bunches longer than 24 hours after harvesting of palm as a raw material of palm and in which no deoxidation treatment with alkali was performed Unlike Example 1, the other conditions were the same as in Example 1.
- the acid value of the palm crude oil B was 8.7 (the content of free fatty acid was 3.99% by mass), and the decoloration degradation index (DOBI) was 2.4.
- Comparative Example 2 uses palm crude oil used in Example 1 to obtain palm oil and a deodorized distillate by performing purification (degumming treatment with acid, decolorization treatment, deodorization treatment) in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1. It was. This was different from Example 1 in that the deoxidation treatment with alkali was not performed, and the other conditions were the same as in Example 1.
- Palm Oil and Deodorized Distillate of Comparative Example 3 palm oil and deodorized distillate were produced in accordance with the flow of FIG. 1 (second half) and FIG. 2 (first half). That is, refined palm oil and deodorized distillate by performing refinement (degumming treatment with acid, deoxidation treatment with alkali, decolorization treatment, deodorization treatment) using palm crude oil used in Comparative Example 1 in the same manner as in Example 1. I got a good thing. It was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the fruit bunches of 24 hours after harvest, which are palm raw materials, were steam enzyme-inactivated (steaming heat-treated), and other conditions were the same as in Example 1.
- Tables 1 and 2 show the yield of the palm oil produced in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, and the yield of the deodorized distillate. Each value was determined as follows. ⁇ Acid Value> Reference Oil Analysis Test Method ⁇ Chromaticity (Y / R)> Measurement was performed with a Robibond colorimeter using 133.4 millicells (Y: yellow, R: red). ⁇ Iodine value> Standard oil analysis test method ⁇ Peroxide value> Standard oil analysis test method ⁇ Diglyceride content (% by mass)> Gas chromatography method ⁇ CDM (time)> Standard oil analysis test method (Rancimat)
- Example 1 palm oil was obtained in a higher yield compared to Comparative Example 3 by the same chemical purification method, despite purification by the chemical purification method. It can be seen that palm oil having a low chromaticity in chromaticity (Y / R) as compared with other comparative examples is obtained.
- Example 2 a deodorized distillate having a particularly high concentration of squalene was obtained in which useful components were concentrated as compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- Preservation test 150 g of purified palm oil was placed in a 500 ml can and covered. This was stored at 5 ° C. and 60 ° C. in the dark for 2 weeks and 1 month, and then the chromaticity and flavor were evaluated. Chromaticity was measured with a Robibond colorimeter using 133.4 millicells and indexed as Y + R (Y: yellow, R: red). The flavor was evaluated as follows. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
- Example 1 purified palm oil having a low chromaticity (Y / R) and excellent flavor was obtained even after storage.
- palm fractionated oil was produced under the conditions described below.
- palm crude oil D was obtained by performing the same treatment as described above using another fruit bunch within 12 hours after harvesting.
- the refined palm fractionated oil was manufactured by performing refinement
- Comparative Example 4 is different from Examples 2 to 3 above in that the fruit bunches that are palm raw materials for more than 24 hours after harvesting were steam enzyme-inactivated (steaming heat treatment), and other conditions were the same as in Examples 2 and 3. A refined palm fractionated oil was produced in the same manner.
- Comparative Example 5 is different from Examples 2 to 3 above in that the fruit bunches that are palm raw materials for more than 24 hours after harvesting were subjected to steam enzyme deactivation treatment (steaming heat treatment) and the deoxidation treatment with alkali was not performed. Then, refined palm fractionated oil was produced under the same conditions as in Examples 2-3.
- Table 5 shows the acid values and the like of the palm crude oil obtained in Examples 2 to 3 and Comparative Examples 4 to 5. Each value was determined by the method described above.
Abstract
Description
本発明の実施の形態に係るパーム油の製造方法は、パーム原料を収穫後24時間以内に蒸熱処理を行い、その後に圧搾してパーム原油を得る工程と、その後の精製処理において、パーム原油をアルカリ脱酸処理してパームアルカリ脱酸油を得る工程と、を含む。
パーム原油を得る工程では、まずパーム原料であるパームの果房をリパーゼ酵素と微生物の不活化を目的として収穫後24時間以内に蒸気殺菌処理(蒸熱処理)した後、蒸して空果房と果実に分別する脱果処理を行い、分別した果実について圧搾処理を行う。
DOBI=A/B
A:446nmにおける吸光度
B:269nmにおける吸光度
酸価=(5.611×A×F)/B
A:N/10 水酸化カリウム-エタノール標準液使用量(ml)
F:N/10 水酸化カリウム-エタノール標準液のファクター
B:試料採取量(g)
精製処理は、化学精製法を採用し、例えば、得られたパーム原油に対し、酸による脱ガム処理、アルカリによる脱酸処理、脱酸処理後の余剰アルカリ及び石鹸を除去するための水洗処理、白土・活性炭等の吸着剤による脱色処理、減圧水蒸気蒸留による脱臭処理を行うことにより、精製パーム油が製造される。各処理は、従来、一般に行われている方法により行うことができる。脱色処理は、白土を用いることもできるが、活性化された白土を用いることが好ましい。
上記のパーム油の製造方法により製造されるパーム油は、色度及び風味に優れたパーム油である。
精製処理における脱臭処理により留出した画分を集めたものが脱臭留出物である。上記本発明の実施の形態に係るパーム油の製造方法における脱臭処理により得られる脱臭留出物は、遊離脂肪酸の含有量が少なく、有用な成分の濃度が高い点に特徴があり、この有用な成分を得るための原料として用いられることに適している。
上記本発明に係る製造方法により製造されるパーム分別油のうち、特にパームオレイン、パームスーパーオレインは、耐冷性に優れたパーム分別油である。
本発明の実施の形態によれば、白土量を増量することなく、保管中の着色と戻り臭を抑制できるため、良好な色と風味を長期に渡って維持できるパーム油及びその製造方法を提供することができる。
実施例1は、図1のフローに従って、パーム原料である収穫後12時間以内の果房を用いて蒸気酵素失活処理(蒸熱処理)した後、蒸して空果房と果実に分別する脱果処理を行い、分別した果実について圧搾処理を行った。精製処理前にまず圧搾処理により得られたパーム圧搾油を静置して遠心分離を行い、パーム原油Aを得た。得られたパーム原油Aの酸価は2.8(遊離脂肪酸含量は1.23質量%)、脱色劣化指数(DOBI)は2.8であった。
(1)酸による脱ガム処理:75%リン酸溶液をパーム原油に対し0.1質量%添加し、90℃で10分間、回転数450rpmにて撹拌した。
(2)アルカリによる脱酸処理:脱ガム処理後、11.1質量%濃度の NaOH水溶液を遊離脂肪酸を中和するのに必要な量の120%となるよう添加し、90℃で30分間、撹拌した。その後、遠心分離によってアルカリ油滓を除去した。次に、11.1質量%濃度の NaOH水溶液を0.5%添加し、90℃で30分間、撹拌した。その後、遠心分離によってアルカリ油滓を除去した。次に、同量の温水(90℃)で4回、水洗処理を行った。そして、90℃、真空下で乾燥させた。
(3)脱色処理:活性白土(水澤化学工業(株)製)をパーム原油に対し1.5質量%添加し、105℃で30分間、真空下、回転数450rpmにて撹拌した。その後、減圧濾過した。
(4)脱臭処理:真空下、60分間、240~270℃で蒸気を対油2~4質量%吹込み、留出した画分を集め脱臭留出物を得た。一方、油には冷却時にクエン酸を微量添加した。その後、濾過により精製パーム油を得た。
比較例1は、図2のフローに従って、以下のようにパーム油及び脱臭留出物を製造した。
パーム原料である収穫後24時間を超える果房を蒸気酵素失活処理(蒸熱処理)した後、蒸して空果房と果実に分別する脱果処理を行い、分別した果実について圧搾処理を行った。精製処理前にまず圧搾処理により得られたパーム圧搾油を静置して遠心分離を行い、パーム原油Bを得た。さらに、図2の通り、酸による脱ガム処理、脱色処理、脱臭処理を行うことにより精製パーム油及び脱臭留出物を得た。
比較例2は、実施例1で用いたパーム原油を用いて、比較例1と同様に精製(酸による脱ガム処理、脱色処理、脱臭処理)を行うことによりパーム油及び脱臭留出物を得た。アルカリによる脱酸処理を行わなかった点において、上記実施例1と相違し、そのほかの条件は実施例1と同様にして製造した。
比較例3は、図1(後半)及び図2(前半)のフローに従って、パーム油及び脱臭留出物を製造した。すなわち、比較例1で用いたパーム原油を用いて、実施例1と同様に精製(酸による脱ガム処理、アルカリによる脱酸処理、脱色処理、脱臭処理)を行うことにより精製パーム油及び脱臭留出物を得た。パーム原料である収穫後24時間を超える果房を蒸気酵素失活処理(蒸熱処理)した点において、上記実施例1と相違し、そのほかの条件は実施例1と同様にして製造した。
実施例1及び比較例1~3で製造したパーム油の収率等及び脱臭留出物の収率等を表1及び表2に示す。各値はそれぞれ以下のようにして求めた。
<酸価>基準油脂分析試験法
<色度(Y/R)>ロビボンド比色計により133.4ミリセルを使用して測定した(Y:黄、R:赤)。
<ヨウ素価>基準油脂分析試験法
<過酸化物価>基準油脂分析試験法
<ジグリセリド含量(質量%)>ガスクロマトグラフィー法
<CDM(時間)>基準油脂分析試験法(ランシマット)
精製したパーム油150gを500ml缶に入れて蓋をした。これを5℃及び60℃で、暗所に2週間及び1ヶ月保存した後、色度及び風味を評価した。色度はロビボンド比色計により133.4ミリセルを使用して測定し、Y+Rとして指数化した(Y:黄、R:赤)。風味は下記の通り評価した。評価結果を表3及び表4に示す。
サンプルを口に含み、風味を下記の4段階で評価した。評価は社内パネル10名で行い、平均値を算出した。
4:戻り臭が無く風味が極めて良好である
3:僅かな戻り臭があるが風味が良好である
2:戻り臭があるが賞味可能である
1:強い戻り臭等が感じられ食用として好ましくない
次に、以下に記載の条件下で、パーム分別油を製造した。
パーム原料である収穫後12時間以内の果房を用いて蒸気酵素失活処理(蒸熱処理)した後、蒸して空果房と果実に分別する脱果処理を行い、分別した果実について圧搾処理を行った。精製処理及び分別処理前に、圧搾処理により得られたパーム圧搾油を静置して遠心分離を行い、パーム原油Cを得た。
また、別の収穫後12時間以内の果房を用いて上記同様の処理を行い、パーム原油Dを得た。
得られたパーム原油C,Dに対し、以下の条件で精製処理(1,2,4,5)及び分別処理(3)を行うことにより、精製パーム分別油を製造した。
(1)酸による脱ガム処理:75%リン酸溶液をパーム原油に対し0.1質量%添加し、90℃で10分間、回転数450rpmにて撹拌した。
(2)アルカリによる脱酸処理:脱ガム処理後、11.1質量%濃度の NaOH水溶液を遊離脂肪酸を中和するのに必要な量の120%となるよう添加し、90℃で30分間、撹拌した。その後、遠心分離によってアルカリ油滓を除去した。次に、11.1質量%濃度の NaOH水溶液を0.5%添加し、90℃で30分間、撹拌した。その後、遠心分離によってアルカリ油滓を除去した。次に、同量の温水(90℃)で4回、水洗処理を行った。そして、90℃、真空下で乾燥させた。
(3)分別処理(溶剤分別):アルカリによる脱酸処理をした油脂600gとアセトン3kgを丸底フラスコに入れ、撹拌した後、攪拌混合物を45℃に調温し、これを2℃に調節した恒温水槽にて約1時間、冷却した。冷却後、窒素(N2)による加圧ろ過を行った(ろ過圧:0.1Mpa、ろ過時間:30分間ブロー実施)。ろ過後、油脂の仕込み量に対して4ml/gの冷アセトンを用いて3回に分けてケーキ洗浄を実施した。その後、エバポレーター及び真空ポンプを使用して脱溶剤を行った。
(4)脱色処理:活性白土(水澤化学工業(株)製)をパーム分別油に対し1.5質量%添加し、105℃で30分間、真空下、回転数450rpmにて撹拌した。その後、減圧濾過した。
(5)脱臭処理:真空下、60分間、240~270℃で蒸気を対油2~4質量%吹込み、留出した画分を集め脱臭留出物を得た。一方、油には冷却時にクエン酸を微量添加した。その後、濾過により精製パーム分別油を得た。
比較例4は、パーム原料である収穫後24時間を超える果房を蒸気酵素失活処理(蒸熱処理)した点において上記実施例2~3と相違し、そのほかの条件は実施例2~3と同様にして精製パーム分別油を製造した。
実施例2~3及び比較例4~5で得たパーム原油の酸価等を表5に示す。各値は前述の方法により求めた。
実施例2~3及び比較例4~5で製造した精製パーム分別油のデータ等を表6に示す。なお、分別収率は、分別工程における収率である。それ以外の各値はそれぞれ以下のようにして求めた。
<ヨウ素価>基準油脂分析試験法
<ジグリセリド含量(質量%)>ガスクロマトグラフィー法
<曇点(℃)>基準油脂分析試験法
Claims (16)
- パーム原料を収穫後24時間以内に蒸熱処理を行い、その後に圧搾してパーム原油を得る工程と、
その後の精製処理において、前記パーム原油をアルカリ脱酸処理してパームアルカリ脱酸油を得る工程と、
を含むことを特徴とするパーム油の製造方法。 - 前記パーム原油を得る工程において、パーム原料を収穫後12時間以内に蒸熱処理を行うことを特徴とする請求項1記載のパーム油の製造方法。
- 前記パーム原油を圧搾により得てから、アルカリ脱酸処理を行うまでに12時間以内であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載のパーム油の製造方法。
- 前記パーム原油は、脱色劣化指数(DOBI)が2.6以上であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のパーム油の製造方法。
- 前記パーム原油は、酸価が7.0以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のパーム油の製造方法。
- 前記精製処理において、前記パームアルカリ脱酸油は、脱色処理された後、脱臭処理されることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のパーム油の製造方法。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のパーム油の製造方法により製造されることを特徴とするパーム油。
- 請求項6に記載のパーム油の製造方法における前記脱臭処理により脱臭留出物を得ることを特徴とする脱臭留出物の製造方法。
- 請求項6に記載のパーム油の製造方法における前記脱臭処理により得られることを特徴とする脱臭留出物。
- 前記脱臭留出物中のトコフェロール及びトコトリエノールの総濃度が20000ppm以上であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の脱臭留出物。
- 前記脱臭留出物中のスクワレン濃度が3質量%以上であることを特徴とする請求項9又は請求項10に記載の脱臭留出物。
- 請求項9~11のいずれか1項に記載の脱臭留出物を精製してトコフェロールを得ることを特徴とするトコフェロールの製造方法。
- 請求項9~11のいずれか1項に記載の脱臭留出物を精製してトコトリエノールを得ることを特徴とするトコトリエノールの製造方法。
- 請求項9~11に記載の脱臭留出物を精製してスクワレンを得ることを特徴とするスクワレンの製造方法。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のパーム油の製造方法により製造されたパーム油を分別することにより得られることを特徴とするパーム分別油。
- 前記パーム分別油がパームオレイン又はパームスーパーオレインであることを特徴とする請求項15に記載のパーム分別油。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/998,470 US20110213167A1 (en) | 2008-10-28 | 2009-10-27 | Palm oil, deodorized distillates and manufacturing methods therefor |
EP09823559A EP2351822A1 (en) | 2008-10-28 | 2009-10-27 | Palm oil, deodorized distillates and manufacturing methods therefor |
CN2009801428964A CN102197121A (zh) | 2008-10-28 | 2009-10-27 | 棕榈油、脱臭馏出物以及它们的制造方法 |
JP2010535789A JPWO2010050449A1 (ja) | 2008-10-28 | 2009-10-27 | パーム油、脱臭留出物及びそれらの製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008-277508 | 2008-10-28 | ||
JP2008277508 | 2008-10-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010050449A1 true WO2010050449A1 (ja) | 2010-05-06 |
Family
ID=42128811
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2009/068363 WO2010050449A1 (ja) | 2008-10-28 | 2009-10-27 | パーム油、脱臭留出物及びそれらの製造方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110213167A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2351822A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2010050449A1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102197121A (ja) |
TW (1) | TW201032724A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2010050449A1 (ja) |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2011174091A (ja) * | 2011-06-01 | 2011-09-08 | Showa Sangyo Co Ltd | 遊離塩素を除去する工程を設けたパーム油の製造方法 |
WO2012026803A1 (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2012-03-01 | Lok Choon Hong | An oil palm milling system |
WO2013018431A1 (ja) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-02-07 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | グリセリド組成物の製造方法 |
WO2013018430A1 (ja) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-02-07 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | グリセリド組成物の製造方法 |
JP2013199581A (ja) * | 2012-03-26 | 2013-10-03 | Fuji Oil Co Ltd | クロロプロパノール類の含有量が低減された精製パーム油(rbdpo)の製造方法 |
WO2013172348A1 (ja) * | 2012-05-16 | 2013-11-21 | 不二製油株式会社 | 食用油脂及びそれを含有する食品並びにその製造方法 |
WO2015005128A1 (ja) * | 2013-07-09 | 2015-01-15 | 不二製油株式会社 | 冷菓及び製菓用油脂 |
JP2015015907A (ja) * | 2013-07-09 | 2015-01-29 | 不二製油株式会社 | 冷菓用油脂 |
JP2017112908A (ja) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-06-29 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | 焙煎油及びその製造方法、食用油脂組成物、並びに加熱調理品の製造方法 |
JP2018100331A (ja) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-28 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | 飽和炭化水素含有量が低減されたパーム油 |
JP2018199828A (ja) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-20 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | 飽和炭化水素含有量が低減されたパーム油 |
JPWO2018043701A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-02 | 2019-06-24 | 太陽油脂株式会社 | 育児用調製粉乳に用いるための油脂組成物 |
WO2019151007A1 (ja) * | 2018-01-31 | 2019-08-08 | 株式会社J-オイルミルズ | フライ調理用油脂組成物の着色の抑制方法 |
JP7337422B1 (ja) * | 2023-01-12 | 2023-09-04 | 株式会社実践環境研究所 | 油分抽出装置、および、油分抽出方法 |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB201019639D0 (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2010-12-29 | Loders Croklaan Bv | Method |
WO2014095703A1 (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2014-06-26 | Imerys Talc Europe | Methods for extracting oil and oil compositions |
MY193401A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2022-10-11 | Sime Darby Plantation Intellectual Property Sdn Bhd | Process for producing a refined palm fruit oil having a reduced 3-mcpd content |
MY186195A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2021-06-30 | Sime Darby Plantation Intellectual Property Sdn Bhd | Process for producing crude palm fruit oil |
CN110903893A (zh) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-03-24 | 江西省金泰粮油食品有限公司 | 一种食用棕榈油的脱酸方法 |
CN113278464A (zh) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-08-20 | 江苏越红生物科技有限公司 | 一种从种籽中提取天然维生素e的方法 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS62209029A (ja) * | 1986-01-04 | 1987-09-14 | イスパノ キミカ エス エ− | ヘキサメチルテトラコサン類の製造法 |
JPH029875A (ja) * | 1988-03-16 | 1990-01-12 | Bio Ind Kyokai | トコフェロール及びトコトリエノールの製造方法 |
JP2006028466A (ja) * | 2004-07-16 | 2006-02-02 | Tsukishima Shokuhin Kogyo Kk | 油脂の精製方法 |
JP2006316254A (ja) | 2005-04-13 | 2006-11-24 | J-Oil Mills Inc | 加熱着色を抑制したパーム油類およびその製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1847379A (zh) * | 2006-04-13 | 2006-10-18 | 湖北碧山粮油机械设备有限公司 | 从鲜棕果中制取棕榈油的方法及成套设备 |
-
2009
- 2009-10-27 CN CN2009801428964A patent/CN102197121A/zh active Pending
- 2009-10-27 WO PCT/JP2009/068363 patent/WO2010050449A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-10-27 US US12/998,470 patent/US20110213167A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-10-27 JP JP2010535789A patent/JPWO2010050449A1/ja active Pending
- 2009-10-27 EP EP09823559A patent/EP2351822A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-10-28 TW TW098136548A patent/TW201032724A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS62209029A (ja) * | 1986-01-04 | 1987-09-14 | イスパノ キミカ エス エ− | ヘキサメチルテトラコサン類の製造法 |
JPH029875A (ja) * | 1988-03-16 | 1990-01-12 | Bio Ind Kyokai | トコフェロール及びトコトリエノールの製造方法 |
JP2006028466A (ja) * | 2004-07-16 | 2006-02-02 | Tsukishima Shokuhin Kogyo Kk | 油脂の精製方法 |
JP2006316254A (ja) | 2005-04-13 | 2006-11-24 | J-Oil Mills Inc | 加熱着色を抑制したパーム油類およびその製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
"Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products", vol. 2, 1996, JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., pages: 288 - 331 |
"Yushi - Yuryo Handbook", KABUSHIKI KAISHA SAIWAI SHOBO, vol. 20, 25 May 1988 (1988-05-25), pages 256 - 262, XP008142372 * |
Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012026803A1 (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2012-03-01 | Lok Choon Hong | An oil palm milling system |
WO2012165397A1 (ja) * | 2011-06-01 | 2012-12-06 | 昭和産業株式会社 | 遊離塩素を除去する工程を設けたパーム油の製造方法 |
JP2011174091A (ja) * | 2011-06-01 | 2011-09-08 | Showa Sangyo Co Ltd | 遊離塩素を除去する工程を設けたパーム油の製造方法 |
WO2013018431A1 (ja) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-02-07 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | グリセリド組成物の製造方法 |
JP2013028752A (ja) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-02-07 | Nisshin Oillio Group Ltd | グリセリド組成物の製造方法 |
WO2013018430A1 (ja) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-02-07 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | グリセリド組成物の製造方法 |
JP2013049829A (ja) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-03-14 | Nisshin Oillio Group Ltd | グリセリド組成物の製造方法 |
JP2013199581A (ja) * | 2012-03-26 | 2013-10-03 | Fuji Oil Co Ltd | クロロプロパノール類の含有量が低減された精製パーム油(rbdpo)の製造方法 |
JPWO2013172348A1 (ja) * | 2012-05-16 | 2016-01-12 | 不二製油株式会社 | 食用油脂及びそれを含有する食品並びにその製造方法 |
WO2013172348A1 (ja) * | 2012-05-16 | 2013-11-21 | 不二製油株式会社 | 食用油脂及びそれを含有する食品並びにその製造方法 |
JP5652557B2 (ja) * | 2012-05-16 | 2015-01-14 | 不二製油株式会社 | 食用油脂及びそれを含有する食品並びにその製造方法 |
WO2015005128A1 (ja) * | 2013-07-09 | 2015-01-15 | 不二製油株式会社 | 冷菓及び製菓用油脂 |
JP2015015907A (ja) * | 2013-07-09 | 2015-01-29 | 不二製油株式会社 | 冷菓用油脂 |
JP2017112908A (ja) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-06-29 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | 焙煎油及びその製造方法、食用油脂組成物、並びに加熱調理品の製造方法 |
JPWO2018043701A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-02 | 2019-06-24 | 太陽油脂株式会社 | 育児用調製粉乳に用いるための油脂組成物 |
JP2018100331A (ja) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-28 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | 飽和炭化水素含有量が低減されたパーム油 |
WO2018117158A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-28 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | 飽和炭化水素含有量が低減されたパーム油 |
WO2019151007A1 (ja) * | 2018-01-31 | 2019-08-08 | 株式会社J-オイルミルズ | フライ調理用油脂組成物の着色の抑制方法 |
JPWO2019151007A1 (ja) * | 2018-01-31 | 2021-01-28 | 株式会社J−オイルミルズ | フライ調理用油脂組成物の着色の抑制方法 |
JP7222928B2 (ja) | 2018-01-31 | 2023-02-15 | 株式会社J-オイルミルズ | フライ調理用油脂組成物の着色の抑制方法 |
JP2018199828A (ja) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-20 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | 飽和炭化水素含有量が低減されたパーム油 |
JP7337422B1 (ja) * | 2023-01-12 | 2023-09-04 | 株式会社実践環境研究所 | 油分抽出装置、および、油分抽出方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2351822A1 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
CN102197121A (zh) | 2011-09-21 |
US20110213167A1 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
TW201032724A (en) | 2010-09-16 |
JPWO2010050449A1 (ja) | 2012-03-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2010050449A1 (ja) | パーム油、脱臭留出物及びそれらの製造方法 | |
EP3388502B1 (en) | Method for reducing the 3-mcpd/glycidyl ester content in oils | |
JP5717351B2 (ja) | 精製油脂の製造方法 | |
WO2015057139A1 (en) | Mitigation of 2-mcpd, 3-mcpd, esters therof and glycidyl esters in vegetable oil | |
CN101854807A (zh) | 制备具有良好热稳定性油炸用油脂组合物的方法 | |
JP5635747B2 (ja) | 再精製パーム軟質油並びに該再精製パーム軟質油を含有する食用油脂組成物及び飲食品 | |
JP2014000011A (ja) | 食用油脂の製造方法 | |
JP2000282080A (ja) | 配合食用油およびその利用 | |
WO2011114863A1 (ja) | 精製油脂の製造方法 | |
JP5322425B2 (ja) | ごま油の製造方法 | |
JP2021120465A (ja) | 精製油脂の製造方法 | |
JP5416519B2 (ja) | 精製油脂の製造方法 | |
TWI556744B (zh) | Manufacture of grease | |
JP4931095B1 (ja) | 油脂組成物の製造方法 | |
WO2017154638A1 (ja) | 精製パーム系油脂の製造方法、並びに、精製パーム系油脂中のグリシドール、3-クロロプロパン-1,2-ジオール、及びこれらの脂肪酸エステル、及び/又はジグリセリドの低減方法 | |
JP5828635B2 (ja) | 食用油及び当該食用油で製造した食品 | |
JP6396399B2 (ja) | 飽和炭化水素含有量が低減されたパーム油 | |
JP2006316254A (ja) | 加熱着色を抑制したパーム油類およびその製造方法 | |
WO2015146248A1 (ja) | 精製パーム系油脂の製造方法 | |
JP5873690B2 (ja) | 食用油脂の製造方法及び加工油脂製品の製造方法 | |
JP7294861B2 (ja) | 油脂の製造方法 | |
JP7222928B2 (ja) | フライ調理用油脂組成物の着色の抑制方法 | |
JP6832317B2 (ja) | 飽和炭化水素含有量が低減されたパーム油 | |
JP5850647B2 (ja) | ルウ用油脂及びそれを用いたルウ | |
JP5535461B2 (ja) | 油脂の製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200980142896.4 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 09823559 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2010535789 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 12998470 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2009823559 Country of ref document: EP |