WO2017154638A1 - 精製パーム系油脂の製造方法、並びに、精製パーム系油脂中のグリシドール、3-クロロプロパン-1,2-ジオール、及びこれらの脂肪酸エステル、及び/又はジグリセリドの低減方法 - Google Patents
精製パーム系油脂の製造方法、並びに、精製パーム系油脂中のグリシドール、3-クロロプロパン-1,2-ジオール、及びこれらの脂肪酸エステル、及び/又はジグリセリドの低減方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017154638A1 WO2017154638A1 PCT/JP2017/007478 JP2017007478W WO2017154638A1 WO 2017154638 A1 WO2017154638 A1 WO 2017154638A1 JP 2017007478 W JP2017007478 W JP 2017007478W WO 2017154638 A1 WO2017154638 A1 WO 2017154638A1
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- palm oil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/12—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation
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- the present invention relates to a method for producing a refined palm oil and fat, and a method for reducing glycidol, 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol, and their fatty acid esters and / or diglycerides in the refined palm oil and fat.
- Oils and fats contain trace components that are considered to be related to physiological activity.
- trace components include glycidol, 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol, and fatty acid esters thereof.
- the trace components mentioned above may have nutritional problems, but if they are present in fats and oils such as vegetable oils that have been ingested from meals for many years, they have an immediate effect on health. It is not considered, and intake standards are not established. However, since there is a need for safer fats and oils, various methods for reducing the above components in the fats and oils have been proposed.
- Non-patent Document 1 Non-patent Document 1
- It is known that glycidol, 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol and fatty acid esters thereof are produced by a deodorization process or the like.
- diglyceride is known as a causative substance such as 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (Non-patent Document 1), and it is highly effective in fats and oils rich in diglycerides, particularly refined palm oils and fats (such as palm oil and palm kernel oil). There is a tendency to exist in concentration.
- deodorized oil is decolorized with white clay having a pH of 5 to 7, and further deodorized, whereby glycidol, 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol, and these in oils such as palm oil are removed.
- Methods for reducing fatty acid esters and the like have been proposed.
- the method of suppressing the increase in glycidol and its fatty acid ester is proposed by deodorizing at high temperature and high steam amount.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a method for producing a refined palm oil and fat that can reduce the content of glycidol, 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol and their fatty acid esters, and / or diglycerides.
- the purpose is to do.
- the present inventors have found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by adjusting the temperature conditions of the thin film distillation treatment in the method for producing a refined palm oil and fat including the thin film distillation treatment, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention provides the following.
- the total amount of glycidol and its fatty acid ester in the refined palm oil and fat converted as glycidol is 50% or less based on the total amount of glycidol and its fatty acid ester in the raw palm oil and fat converted as glycidol.
- a method for producing a refined palm oil that can reduce the content of glycidol, 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol and fatty acid esters thereof and / or diglycerides.
- the production method of the present invention includes a step of subjecting the raw palm oil and fat to a thin-film distillation treatment under a temperature condition of 155 ° C. or more and 290 ° C. or less to obtain a refined palm oil or fat.
- a thin-film distillation treatment and palm-based fats and oils in the present invention will be described in detail.
- the raw palm oil fat in the present invention is subjected to thin film distillation treatment.
- the thin film distillation treatment in the present invention means that the raw palm oil fat is made into a thin film and heated under reduced pressure to evaporate.
- the residue from which the distillate was isolate
- the distillate may contain fatty acids, monoglycerides and / or diglycerides and the like.
- the residue includes triglyceride and the like.
- “refined palm oil / fat” refers to at least palm oil / fat (thin film-distilled oil / fat) subjected to a thin-film distillation process.
- glycidol, 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol and their fatty acids are obtained by adjusting the temperature condition to 155 ° C. or more and 290 ° C. or less when the raw palm oil is subjected to thin film distillation treatment. It has been found that the formation of esters can be reduced.
- 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol is also referred to as “3-MCPD”.
- the temperature condition of the thin film distillation treatment in the present invention corresponds to the temperature of the evaporation surface of the thin film distillation machine.
- “the temperature condition of the thin film distillation treatment is 155 ° C. or more and 290 ° C. or less” means that the temperature of the evaporation surface of the thin film distillation machine is 155 ° C. or more and 290 ° C. or less.
- the temperature condition of the thin film distillation process corresponds to the evaporator temperature.
- the temperature condition of the thin-film distillation treatment is 155 ° C. or higher, glycidol, 3-MCPD, and these in the raw palm oil and fat are removed while removing the heat-unstable substances and high-boiling substances contained in the raw palm oil and fat.
- the production of trace components such as fatty acid esters can be efficiently suppressed.
- the temperature condition of the thin film distillation treatment is preferably 160 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 190 ° C. or higher.
- the temperature condition of the thin-film distillation treatment is 290 ° C. or lower, fats and oils can be distilled efficiently while suppressing the production of trace components such as glycidol, 3-MCPD and their fatty acid esters that are easily generated under high temperature conditions.
- the temperature condition of the thin-film distillation treatment is preferably 270 ° C. or less, and more preferably 250 ° C. or less.
- palm-type fats and oils with many unsaturated fatty acids for example, palm-type fats and oils whose iodine value is 58 or more, you may perform a thin film distillation process below 175 degreeC from a viewpoint of suppressing generation
- the degree of vacuum in the present invention is close to 0 (zero) Pa from the viewpoint of easy removal of trace components such as glycidol, 3-MCPD and their fatty acid esters, heat-labile substances and high-boiling substances. Is preferred.
- the thin film distillation treatment in the present invention may be performed at a degree of vacuum of preferably 1.0 Pa or less, more preferably 0.5 Pa or less, and even more preferably 0.3 Pa or less.
- the “vacuum degree” in the present invention is expressed on the basis of absolute pressure. This value indicates how close to an ideal vacuum state (absolute vacuum) is, with zero absolute vacuum.
- the treatment time of the thin film distillation treatment refers to the time during which oils and fats are present on the evaporation surface of the thin film distillation machine, and is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of performing sufficient distillation, it is preferably 1 second or more, more preferably 3 seconds or more. Also good. Further, from the viewpoint of suppressing the thermal effect on the raw palm oil and fat, the treatment time of the thin film distillation treatment is preferably 5 minutes or less, more preferably 3 minutes or less, further preferably 1 minute or less, and most preferably 30 seconds. It is good also as follows.
- the processing time of the thin film processing is related to the processing speed of the thin film processing.
- the processing speed of the thin film processing can be indicated by using “oil supply speed per unit area of the evaporation surface”.
- the “oil supply rate per unit area of the evaporation surface” is a value obtained by dividing the supply rate of the raw palm oil fat per hour by the area of the evaporation surface.
- the “oil supply rate per unit area of the evaporation surface” in the present invention is preferably 2.00 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 L / h ⁇ cm 2 or more from the viewpoint of suppressing the influence of heat on the raw palm oil fat. Preferably, it may be 7.00 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 L / cm 2 or more.
- the “oil supply rate per unit area of the evaporation surface” is preferably 12.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 L / h ⁇ cm 2 or less, more preferably 10.0 ⁇ . It may be 10 ⁇ 3 L / cm 2 or less.
- the types of thin-film distillation are high vacuum ( ⁇ 0.1 Pa), molecular distillation in which the aggregator is disposed within a distance shorter than the mean free path of the evaporated molecules, and 0.1 Pa or higher, and aggregation.
- the thin film distiller used in the thin film distillation process is not particularly limited, and a falling liquid film type, a centrifugal type, a rising liquid film type, a wiped film type or the like can be used. From the standpoint that the residence time of the raw palm oil / fat in the thin film distillation machine is short and the thermal influence on the raw palm oil / fat can be reduced, a wiped film type evaporator is preferred.
- the material of the evaporation surface of the thin film distillation machine is not particularly limited, and glass or stainless steel can be used.
- the timing for performing the thin film distillation treatment is not particularly limited.
- the raw material palm-based fats and oils may be palm-based fats and oils that have undergone purification steps other than thin film distillation treatment, or unrefined palm-based fats and oils.
- the raw palm oil / fat is a palm oil / fat that has been subjected to a deodorizing step because the content of glycidol, 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol, their fatty acid esters, and diglycerides can be more easily reduced by thin film distillation.
- the content of diglyceride can be easily reduced by the thin film distillation process.
- each refining process (one or more of a degumming process, a deoxidizing process, a water washing process, a decoloring process, a deodorizing process, a separation process, etc.)
- the thin film distillation process may be performed at an arbitrary timing later.
- the obtained fats and oils may be directly distributed as purified palm-based fats and oils or may be subjected to further purification steps.
- the palm-based oil / fat may be subjected to a thin film distillation treatment and then subjected to a fractionation step or the like.
- the obtained fats and oils may be circulated as purified palm-based fats and oils or may be subjected to further purification steps.
- Conditions for each purification step (such as degumming step, deoxidation step, water washing step, decolorization step, deodorization step, and fractionation step) other than thin-film distillation are not particularly limited, and the conditions that are usually employed in oil and fat purification can be applied. .
- palm-based oils and fats include palm-derived oils and fats.
- specific examples of palm oils include palm oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil fractionated oil, palm kernel oil fractionated oil, palm oil hydrogenated oil, palm kernel oil hydrogenated oil, and palm oil fractionation. Examples thereof include hydrogenated oil of oil, hydrogenated oil of fractionated palm kernel oil, and transesterified oils thereof.
- super olein, palm olein, palm mid fraction, and palm stearin are mentioned as fractionated oil of palm oil
- palm kernel olein and palm kernel stearin are mentioned as fractionated oil of palm kernel oil.
- raw material palm system fats and oils used for the said thin film distillation process Purification processes (Degumming process, Deoxidation process, Water washing process, Decoloring process, Deodorizing process, Separation process, etc.) other than thin film distillation process are performed. It may be a passed palm-based oil or fat, or an unrefined palm-based oil. As above-mentioned, it is preferable that raw material palm oil fat is the palm oil fat which passed the deodorizing process. Although it does not specifically limit as a refinement
- purification method of fats and oils Any of chemical refining (chemical refining) and physical refining (physical refining) may be sufficient.
- crude oil obtained by squeezing and extracting the raw material plant is refined by degumming, alkali deoxidation, decolorization, dewaxing, and deodorization. Obtain oils and fats.
- crude oil is refined by deoxidation treatment, decolorization treatment, and deodorization treatment without using alkali by degumming treatment, distillation or the like to obtain refined fats and oils.
- the fats and oils which passed through the degumming process, decoloring process, and deodorizing process are called RBD (Refined Bleached Deodorized) oil.
- the characteristics and the like of the raw material palm-based fats and oils are not particularly limited, but those having an iodine value of less than 58 are preferable from the viewpoints of low unsaturated fatty acids, difficulty in generating trans fatty acids, and high oxidation stability.
- the main component in the raw palm oil fat is glyceride, but other components may include, for example, plant sterol, lecithin, antioxidant component (tocopherol, etc.), pigment component and the like.
- the total amount of glycidol and its fatty acid ester in the refined palm oil fat is the total amount of glycidol and its fatty acid ester in the raw palm oil fat (The total amount in terms of glycidol) can be reduced to 50% or less, preferably 35% or less, more preferably 20% or less.
- the total amount of 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol and its fatty acid ester in the refined palm oil and fat is used as the 3-chloropropane in the raw palm oil and fat.
- the total amount of diglyceride in refined palm oil fat can be reduced to 65% or less, preferably 50% or less, more preferably 45% or less, with respect to the total amount of diglyceride in the raw palm oil fat.
- the acid value and peroxide value of the refined palm oil and fat can be lowered. Therefore, according to the production method of the present invention, an oil having a high degree of purification can be provided.
- the color value of the refined palm oil / fat obtained by the production method of the present invention is preferably ⁇ 2 as compared with the color value of the raw palm oil / fat. It has a difference, more preferably has a difference of ⁇ 1, and more preferably, it is preferably substantially the same as the color value of the raw palm oil fat.
- the content, acid value, peroxide value, and color value of glycidol, 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol, and their fatty acid esters, and diglycerides in fats and oils are specified by the methods described in the examples.
- MCPD-FS The amount of 3-MCPD, glycidol and their fatty acid esters in each refined oil and fat converted to 3-MCPD (the total amount is referred to as “MCPD-FS”) was quantified using the German official method (DGF Standard Methods C-III 18 (09)).
- an internal standard substance (3-MCPD-d5 20 ⁇ g / mL solution) was added to 100 mg of each refined fat and oil, and then 1 mL of sodium methoxide solution (0.5 mol / L methanol) was added. The ester was saponified and decomposed. Next, 3 mL of an aqueous sodium bromide solution (50%) containing a small amount of acetic acid and 3 mL of hexane were added thereto and mixed, and then hexane was removed.
- the numerical value in parentheses in the “True MCPD” section indicates the ratio of True MCPD of each refined palm oil to fat MCPD of the raw palm oil.
- the refined palm oil / fat True MCPD (3.2 mg / kg) is about 94.1% of the raw palm oil / fat True MCPD (3.4 mg / kg).
- the numerical value in parentheses in the “glycidol” section represents the ratio of the amount of glycidol of each refined palm oil to the amount of glycidol of the raw palm oil.
- the amount of glycidol (0.2 mg / kg) of the refined palm oil / fat is about 33.3% with respect to the amount of glycidol (0.6 mg / kg) of the raw palm oil / fat.
- the numerical value in parentheses in the “diglyceride” section indicates the ratio of the amount of diglyceride in each refined palm oil to the amount of diglyceride in the raw palm oil.
- the amount of diglyceride (7.5% by mass) of the refined palm oil / fat is about 94.9% with respect to the amount of diglyceride (7.9% by mass) of the raw palm oil / fat.
- the values of MCPD-FS, True MCPD, glycidol, and diglyceride can be reduced, so that glycidol, 3-chloropropane-1,2- in palm oils and fats can be reduced. It can be seen that the amount of diols and their fatty acid esters and diglycerides can be reduced.
- the acid value and the peroxide value could be reduced.
- Oil supply rate per unit area of the evaporation surface is a value obtained by dividing the supply rate of the raw palm oil per hour by the area of the evaporation surface (600 cm 2 in this example). It is.
- Chromaticity (Y value, R value) is measured based on “Standard oil analysis test method 2.2.1-1996 Lobibond method” edited by Japan Oil Chemists' Society, and the color value (Y + 10R is represented by the obtained chromaticity). Value).
- a Robibond colorimeter (cell length: 133.4 mm) was used.
- Examples 10 to 13> In the same manner as in Examples 5 to 9, the following treatment was performed using a short stroke distillation apparatus KD6 type.
- the “feed rate per unit area of the evaporation surface” was set to 7.20 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 L / h ⁇ cm 2 , the evaporation tube temperature was changed, and the short stroke distillation treatment was performed.
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Abstract
Description
前記精製パーム系油脂中のグリシドール及びその脂肪酸エステルをグリシドールとして換算した総量は、前記原料パーム系油脂中のグリシドール及びその脂肪酸エステルをグリシドールとして換算した総量に対して50%以下である、精製パーム系油脂の製造方法。
前記精製パーム系油脂中の3-クロロプロパン-1,2-ジオール、及びその脂肪酸エステルを3-クロロプロパン-1,2-ジオールとして換算した総量は、前記原料パーム系油脂中の3-クロロプロパン-1,2-ジオール、及びその脂肪酸エステルを3-クロロプロパン-1,2-ジオールとして換算した総量に対して95%以下である、精製パーム系油脂の製造方法。
前記精製パーム系油脂中のジグリセリドの総量は、前記原料パーム系油脂中のジグリセリドの総量に対して65%以下である、精製パーム系油脂の製造方法。
本発明における原料パーム系油脂は薄膜蒸留処理される。本発明における薄膜蒸留処理とは、原料パーム系油脂を薄膜にして減圧下で加熱し、蒸発を行うことをいう。当該処理により、原料パーム系油脂から留出分が分離された残留分(薄膜蒸留処理油脂)を得ることができる。留出分には、脂肪酸、モノグリセリド及び/又はジグリセリド等が含まれ得る。残留分には、トリグリセリド等が含まれる。本発明において、「精製パーム系油脂」とは、少なくとも薄膜蒸留処理に供されたパーム系油脂(薄膜蒸留処理油脂)を指す。
本発明において、パーム系油脂としては、パーム由来の油脂が挙げられる。具体的なパーム系油脂としては、例えば、パーム油、パーム核油、パーム油の分別油、パーム核油の分別油、パーム油の水素添加油、パーム核油の水素添加油、パーム油の分別油の水素添加油、パーム核油の分別油の水素添加油、これらのエステル交換油等が挙げられる。なお、パーム油の分別油としてはスーパーオレイン、パームオレイン、パームミッドフラクション、パームステアリンが挙げられ、パーム核油の分別油としては、パーム核オレイン、パーム核ステアリンが挙げられる。
本発明の製造方法によれば、グリシドール、3-クロロプロパン-1,2-ジオール、及びこれらの脂肪酸エステル、並びにジグリセリドの含量が低減された精製パーム系油脂を得ることができる。
原料パーム系油脂(RBDパーム油、ヨウ素価=52)を、短行程蒸留装置KDL5型(UIC GmbH社製、ガラス製の蒸発面480cm2、凝集面650cm2、最大流量1L/hr)の蒸発面へ導入し、表1に示す条件で薄膜蒸留処理(本例においては、短行程蒸留処理)を行った。なお、短行程蒸留装置の蒸発面における原料パーム系油脂の滞留時間(つまり、薄膜蒸留処理の処理時間)は5秒以上30秒以下の範囲に設定した。
各精製油脂中の3-MCPD、グリシドール及びこれらの脂肪酸エステルを3-MCPDとして換算した総量(該総量を「MCPD-FS」という。)の定量を、ドイツ公定法(DGF Standard Methods C-III 18(09))に準拠して行った。
上記ガスクロマトグラフ質量分析装置の測定にて得られたクロマトグラムを用い、内部標準である3-MCPD-d5と、3-MCPDのイオン強度を比較し、油脂中の3-MCPD、グリシドール及びこれらの脂肪酸エステルの総量を遊離3-MCPD換算にて算出した。
各精製油脂中の3-MCPD、及び3-MCPDの脂肪酸エステルを3-MCPDとして換算した総量(該総量を「True MCPD」という。)の定量を、ドイツ公定法(DGF Standard Methods C-III 18(09))の変法に準拠して行った。
上記ガスクロマトグラフ質量分析装置の測定にて得たクロマトグラムを用い、内部標準である3-MCPD-d5と、3-MCPDのイオン強度を比較し、グリセリド組成中の3-MCPD、及び3-MCPDの脂肪酸エステルの総量を遊離3-MCPD換算にて算出した。
上記の方法で特定したMCPD-FS及びTrue MCPDの値に基づき、各精製油脂中のグリシドール量(グリシドール及びその脂肪酸エステルをグリシドールとして換算した総量)を、下記式に基づき算出した。
グリシドール量=(MCPD-FS-True MCPD)×0.67
なお、上記式中、「0.67」とは、グリシドールの分子量(74.1)を3-MCPDの分子量(110.54)で割った値である。
日本油化学会編「基準油脂分析試験法 2.3.1-1996 酸価」に基づき測定した。
日本油化学会編「基準油脂分析試験法 2.5.2.1-2013 過酸化物価」に基づき測定した。
AOCS 「Official Method Cd 11b-91 Determination of Mono- and Diglycerides by Capillary Gas Chromatography」に基づき測定した。
実施例1から4の短行程蒸留装置KDL5型に代えて、短行程蒸留装置KD6型(UIC GmbH社製、ステンレス製の蒸発面600cm2、凝集面600cm2、最大流量14L/hr)を用いて、下記の処理を行った。短行程蒸留装置KD6型の蒸発面に、原料パーム系油脂(RBDパーム油、ヨウ素価=52)を導入し、表3に示す条件で薄膜蒸留処理(本例においては、短行程蒸留処理)を行った。具体的には、蒸発管温度を270℃に設定し、原料パーム系油脂の供給速度を変更して、短行程蒸留処理を行った。なお、表3中、「蒸発面の単位面積当たりの油供給速度」は、1時間当たりの原料パーム系油脂の供給速度を、蒸発面の面積(本例の場合、600cm2)で除した値である。
日本油化学会編「基準油脂分析試験法 2.2.1-1996 ロビボンド法」に基づき色度(Y値、R値)を測定し、得られた色度から色値(Y+10Rにより表される値)を算出した。測定には、ロビボンド比色計(セル長:133.4mm)を使用した。
実施例5~9と同様に、短行程蒸留装置KD6型を用いて、下記の処理を行った。短行程蒸留装置KD6型の蒸発面に、原料パーム系油脂(RBDパーム油、ヨウ素価=52)を導入し、表5に示す条件で薄膜蒸留処理(本例においては、短行程蒸留処理)を行った。具体的には、「蒸発面単位面積当たりの供給速度」を7.20×10-3L/h・cm2に設定し、蒸発管温度を変更して、短行程蒸留処理を行った
Claims (8)
- 原料パーム系油脂を、155℃以上290℃以下の温度条件で薄膜蒸留処理し、精製パーム系油脂を得る工程を含み、
前記精製パーム系油脂中のグリシドール及びその脂肪酸エステルをグリシドールとして換算した総量は、前記原料パーム系油脂中のグリシドール及びその脂肪酸エステルをグリシドールとして換算した総量に対して50%以下である、精製パーム系油脂の製造方法。 - 原料パーム系油脂を、155℃以上290℃以下の温度条件で薄膜蒸留処理し、精製パーム系油脂を得る工程を含み、
前記精製パーム系油脂中の3-クロロプロパン-1,2-ジオール、及びその脂肪酸エステルを3-クロロプロパン-1,2-ジオールとして換算した総量は、前記原料パーム系油脂中の3-クロロプロパン-1,2-ジオール、及びその脂肪酸エステルを3-クロロプロパン-1,2-ジオールとして換算した総量に対して95%以下である、精製パーム系油脂の製造方法。 - 原料パーム系油脂を、155℃以上290℃以下の温度条件で薄膜蒸留処理し、精製パーム系油脂を得る工程を含み、
前記精製パーム系油脂中のジグリセリドの総量は、前記原料パーム系油脂中のジグリセリドの総量に対して65%以下である、精製パーム系油脂の製造方法。 - 前記原料パーム系油脂が、脱臭工程を経たパーム系油脂である、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の精製パーム系油脂の製造方法。
- 前記薄膜蒸留処理における真空度は1.0Pa以下である、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の精製パーム系油脂の製造方法。
- 前記薄膜蒸留処理は短行程蒸留処理である、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の精製パーム系油脂の製造方法。
- 前記原料パーム系油脂のヨウ素価は58未満である、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の精製パーム系油脂の製造方法。
- 原料パーム系油脂を、155℃以上290℃以下の温度条件で薄膜蒸留処理することを特徴とする、精製パーム系油脂中のグリシドール、3-クロロプロパン-1,2-ジオール、及びこれらの脂肪酸エステル、並びに/又はジグリセリドの低減方法。
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