WO2010050305A1 - 建設機械の油圧駆動装置 - Google Patents
建設機械の油圧駆動装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010050305A1 WO2010050305A1 PCT/JP2009/065754 JP2009065754W WO2010050305A1 WO 2010050305 A1 WO2010050305 A1 WO 2010050305A1 JP 2009065754 W JP2009065754 W JP 2009065754W WO 2010050305 A1 WO2010050305 A1 WO 2010050305A1
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- pressure
- valve
- hydraulic pump
- oil
- pilot
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2221—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
- E02F9/2232—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/16—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
- F15B11/161—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors with sensing of servomotor demand or load
- F15B11/163—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors with sensing of servomotor demand or load for sharing the pump output equally amongst users or groups of users, e.g. using anti-saturation, pressure compensation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2221—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
- E02F9/2225—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using pressure-compensating valves
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2221—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
- E02F9/2232—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps
- E02F9/2235—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps including an electronic controller
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
- E02F9/2285—Pilot-operated systems
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
- E02F9/2296—Systems with a variable displacement pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/16—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
- F15B11/161—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors with sensing of servomotor demand or load
- F15B11/165—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors with sensing of servomotor demand or load for adjusting the pump output or bypass in response to demand
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
- F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
- F15B13/021—Valves for interconnecting the fluid chambers of an actuator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
- F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
- F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
- F15B2211/20546—Type of pump variable capacity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
- F15B2211/25—Pressure control functions
- F15B2211/253—Pressure margin control, e.g. pump pressure in relation to load pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/30—Directional control
- F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
- F15B2211/30525—Directional control valves, e.g. 4/3-directional control valve
- F15B2211/3053—In combination with a pressure compensating valve
- F15B2211/30535—In combination with a pressure compensating valve the pressure compensating valve is arranged between pressure source and directional control valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/50—Pressure control
- F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
- F15B2211/50509—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
- F15B2211/50518—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using pressure relief valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/50—Pressure control
- F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
- F15B2211/50509—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
- F15B2211/50536—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using unloading valves controlling the supply pressure by diverting fluid to the return line
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydraulic drive device for a construction machine such as a hydraulic excavator, and more particularly to a hydraulic drive device that performs load sensing control so that a discharge pressure of a hydraulic pump is higher than a maximum load pressure of a plurality of actuators by a target differential pressure. .
- Patent Document 1 As this type of hydraulic drive device, for example, there is one described in Patent Document 1.
- a main relief valve and an unload valve are connected to a hydraulic pressure supply circuit to which discharge oil from a hydraulic pump (main pump) is guided.
- the main relief valve is a kind of safety valve that operates when the load pressure of the actuator is high and the pressure of the hydraulic supply circuit (hydraulic pump discharge pressure) reaches the relief set pressure (for example, 25 Mpa) when the flow control valve operates. Prevent further increase in pressure.
- the unload valve operates mainly under the condition that the flow control valve is not operating (at neutral), and the pressure of the hydraulic supply circuit (discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump) is set to the target pressure for load sensing control (for example, 1.5 MPa). It is limited to a pressure that is higher and lower than the relief set pressure (e.g., 2.0 Mpa) to reduce energy loss during neutrality.
- JP 2001-193705 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-55323
- the pump tilt control mechanism that controls the tilt amount (capacity) of the hydraulic pump is normally controlled to decrease the tilt amount of the hydraulic pump and decrease the discharge flow rate of the hydraulic pump when the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump increases.
- the surrounding environment in which construction machines such as hydraulic excavators are used is various, and may be used at a low temperature below freezing, or at an extremely low temperature of around ⁇ 10 ° C. or lower.
- the hydraulic pump is controlled from the maximum tilt to the minimum tilt by load sensing control as described above, and the tilt angle at that time
- the flow rate according to (volume) is discharged.
- the viscosity of the hydraulic oil increases significantly, the responsiveness of the unload valve also decreases, and it takes time for the unload valve to open. High pressure will be stored.
- the relief set pressure of the main relief valve can be changed to a normal first value and a second value for high-load work larger than the first value. Even if such a configuration is applied to a hydraulic drive device that performs load sensing control, a high pressure is generated in the pressure oil supply oil path when starting the engine at a low temperature, and similarly the load of the hydraulic pump (engine load) ) Becomes excessively large, causing a problem that engine startability is reduced.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic drive device for a construction machine that reduces the load of a hydraulic pump at the time of engine start at low temperatures and improves engine startability without sacrificing the hunting resistance of the unload valve. It is to be.
- the present invention provides an engine, a variable displacement hydraulic pump driven by the engine, a plurality of actuators driven by pressure oil discharged from the hydraulic pump, A plurality of flow rate control valves for controlling the flow rate of pressure oil supplied from the hydraulic pump to the plurality of actuators; and a maximum load pressure of the plurality of actuators is detected during driving of the plurality of actuators;
- the maximum load pressure detecting means for detecting the tank pressure when not driven and outputting the detected pressure as a signal pressure, and the capacity of the hydraulic pump so that the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump is higher than the signal pressure by a target differential pressure.
- Load sensing control means for controlling, and pressure oil supply oil for supplying pressure oil discharged from the hydraulic pump to the plurality of flow control valves Connected to the unloading valve that returns to the tank when the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump becomes higher than the signal pressure by a set pressure or higher, and is connected to the pressure oil supply oil passage.
- the hydraulic pump When the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump becomes higher than the first pressure set as the relief pressure, the hydraulic pump is opened and the discharge oil of the hydraulic pump is returned to the tank, and the maximum pressure of the pressure oil supply oil passage is set to the first pressure.
- a main relief valve that restricts to a pressure lower than the pressure, and the relief pressure of the main relief valve is manually controlled to discharge the hydraulic pump when the plurality of actuators are not driven and the first pressure is lower than the first pressure.
- a relief set pressure changing means capable of switching to a second pressure for starting the engine which enables the oil to be returned to the tank together with the unload valve. And things.
- the relief pressure of the main relief valve is switched from the normal first pressure to the second pressure for starting the engine, which is lower than the normal first pressure, by manually operating the relief set pressure changing means.
- the main relief valve can return the oil discharged from the hydraulic pump to the tank together with the unload valve when the plurality of actuators are not driven. Therefore, when the engine starts at low temperatures, the unload valve It is possible to prevent high pressure from being generated in the pressure oil supply oil path due to a decrease in response and a delay in response of load sensing control, thereby reducing the load on the hydraulic pump and improving engine startability.
- both the unload valve and the main relief valve return the hydraulic pump discharge oil to the tank, so there is no need to increase the response of the unload valve and the hunting resistance of the unload valve is not sacrificed. .
- the present invention can reduce the load of the hydraulic pump at the time of engine start at a low temperature without sacrificing the hunting resistance characteristics of the unload valve, and can improve the engine startability.
- the main relief valve includes a spring that biases a valve body of the main relief valve in a closing direction to set a relief pressure of the main relief valve
- the set pressure changing means is provided behind the spring of the main relief valve and has an oil chamber, and the urging force of the spring is changed by changing the oil pressure of the oil chamber, and the relief pressure is An urging force changing device for changing between the first pressure and the second pressure, valve means for selectively communicating an oil chamber of the urging force changing device with a pilot hydraulic pressure source and a tank, and manual operation means for switching the valve means And have.
- the hydraulic drive device is connected to a pilot pump and a discharge oil passage of the pilot pump, and generates a pilot primary pressure based on the discharge oil of the pilot pump.
- a primary pressure generating section a pilot primary pressure oil path through which the pilot primary pressure generated by the pilot primary pressure generating section is guided; and a pilot connected to the pilot primary pressure oil path and led to the pilot primary pressure oil path
- a plurality of remote control valves for generating a control pilot pressure for switching the plurality of flow rate control valves based on a primary pressure, a gate lock lever provided at an entrance of the cab and operated to a lock position and a lock release position; , Interposed between the pilot primary pressure generator and the pilot primary pressure oil passage, the gate lock lever When operated to the locked position, the pilot primary pressure generating section and the pilot primary pressure oil passage are disconnected and the pilot primary pressure oil passage is connected to the tank, and the gate lock lever is in the unlocked position.
- the pilot primary pressure generating unit and a gate lock valve for communicating the pilot primary pressure oil
- the second pressure for starting the engine is higher than a pressure corresponding to a target differential pressure of the load sensing control means, and a set pressure of the unload valve Or less.
- the load sensing control means is controlled to increase the capacity of the hydraulic pump to the maximum tilt side. , Fuel consumption can be reduced.
- the second pressure for starting the engine is such that the main relief valve is opened when the ambient temperature is below freezing and the plurality of actuators are not driven. The pressure is such that the oil discharged from the hydraulic pump can be returned to the tank together with the unload valve.
- the present invention even when the engine is started at a low temperature, a pressure delay in the pressure oil supply oil passage due to a delay in response of the load sensing control caused by an increase in the viscosity of the hydraulic oil and a decrease in response of the unload valve is avoided, Since the load on the hydraulic pump is reduced, the engine startability at low temperatures can be improved.
- the load on the hydraulic pump during engine start at low temperatures can be reduced and the engine startability can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an overall configuration of a hydraulic drive device for a construction machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is the figure which extracted the circuit part around a main relief valve, Comprising: It is a figure which shows the state of a main relief valve and urging
- FIG. 1 is a hydraulic circuit diagram showing a hydraulic drive apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a hydraulic drive apparatus includes an engine 1, a variable displacement hydraulic pump 2 and a fixed displacement pilot pump 3 as main pumps driven by the engine 1, and a control valve 4. And a plurality of actuators 5a, 5b,... That are guided by the pressure oil discharged from the main hydraulic pump 2 through the control valve 4 and driven by the pressure oil.
- the control valve 4 is connected to a pressure oil supply oil path 8 that supplies the discharge oil of the hydraulic pump 2, and controls the flow (flow rate and direction) of the pressure oil supplied from the hydraulic pump 2 to the actuators 5a, 5b,. , And a plurality of valve sections 4 a, 4 b, including a plurality of flow control valves (main spools) 42 a, 42 b,... And loads of the flow control valves 42 a, 42 b,. Connected to the ports 44a, 44b,... (Described later), and the highest pressure among the pressures of the load ports 44a, 44b,... (When the actuators 5a, 5b,.
- the hydraulic pump 2 returns to the tank T.
- a first pressure described later
- the main relief valve 13 that returns to the tank T and limits the maximum pressure in the pressure oil supply oil passage 8 to the first pressure or less, the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 and the signal pressure oil.
- Road 7 Differential pressure pressure difference between the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 and the maximum load pressure Plmax (LS differential pressure) when the actuators 5a, 5b,... Are driven, and hydraulic pump when the actuators 5a, 5b,.
- a differential pressure detection valve 11 that outputs a differential pressure between the discharge pressure of 2 and the tank pressure as an absolute pressure.
- the hydraulic pump 2 includes a pump tilt control mechanism 30 that controls the tilt amount (capacity).
- the pump tilt control mechanism 30 is configured to tilt the hydraulic pump 2 when the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 is increased (hereinafter referred to as appropriate).
- Torque tilt control unit 30a that controls to reduce the discharge flow rate of the hydraulic pump 2, and the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 is the signal pressure (actuators 5a, 5b,
- the tilt of the hydraulic pump 2 is controlled (load sensing control) so as to be higher by a set pressure (target differential pressure) than the maximum load pressure Plmax when driving... And the tank pressure when the actuators 5a, 5b,.
- An LS tilt control unit 30b is provided.
- the torque tilt control unit 30a includes a torque control actuator 31a and a spring 31b.
- the torque control actuator 31a is guided by the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 and acts in a decreasing direction of the tilt of the hydraulic pump 2, and the spring 31b This acts in the direction of increasing the tilt of the hydraulic pump 2.
- the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 increases, and when the absorption torque of the hydraulic pump 2 exceeds the set value (maximum absorption torque) of the spring 31b, the torque control actuator 31a reduces the tilt of the hydraulic pump 2 to reduce the hydraulic pump 2.
- the discharge flow rate of the hydraulic pump 2 is reduced, and further increase in the absorption torque of the hydraulic pump 2 is prevented.
- the LS tilt control unit 30b includes an LS control valve 32 and an LS control actuator 33.
- the LS control valve 32 is a control guided to the control actuator 33 based on a pilot primary pressure of a pilot primary pressure generation unit 20 (described later). The pressure is generated, and the LS control actuator 33 controls the tilting of the hydraulic pump 2 according to the control pressure.
- the LS control valve 32 includes a pressure receiving portion 32a located on the side that increases the control pressure to reduce the tilt of the hydraulic pump 2, and a pressure receiving portion 32b located on the side that reduces the control pressure and increases the tilt of the hydraulic pump 2.
- the output pressure of the differential pressure detection valve 11 (the differential pressure (LS differential pressure) between the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 and the maximum load pressure Plmax when the actuators 5a, 5b,... Are driven)
- a differential pressure between the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 and the tank pressure (the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 when the tank pressure is regarded as 0) is guided to the pressure receiving portion 32b.
- the pressure receiving unit 32b sets a target differential pressure (for example, 1.5 MPa) for load sensing control based on the output pressure of the engine speed detection circuit 49.
- the LS control valve 32 increases the control pressure to reduce the tilt of the hydraulic pump 2 and reduce the discharge flow rate of the hydraulic pump 2 (and hence the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2).
- the output pressure oil of the differential pressure detection valve 11 guided to the pressure receiving portion 32a becomes lower than the target differential pressure of the load sensing control set by the output pressure of the engine speed detection circuit 49 guided to the pressure receiving portion 32b, the LS control is performed.
- the valve 32 reduces the control pressure to increase the tilt of the hydraulic pump 2 and increases the discharge flow rate of the hydraulic pump 2 (and hence the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2).
- the LS control valve 32 makes the LS differential pressure equal to the target differential pressure (the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 is higher than the maximum load pressure Plmax by the target differential pressure).
- the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 becomes equal to the target differential pressure (the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 is equal to the tank pressure ( Control so that the target differential pressure is higher than approximately 0).
- Each of the flow control valves 42a, 42b,... Is a closed center type valve that is switched by operating an operation lever (not shown), and determines the opening area of the meter-in throttle 43a or 43b according to the operation amount of the operation lever. .
- the flow rate control valves 42a, 42b,... Have load ports 44a, 44b,..., Respectively, and these load ports 44a, 44b, ... are driven when the actuators 5a, 5b, ... are driven (flow rate control valves 42a, 42b).
- the pressure compensating valves 41a, 41b,... are respectively installed upstream of the meter-in throttle portions 43a or 43b of the flow control valves 42a, 42b,... And before and after the meter-in throttle portions 43a or 43b of the flow control valves 42a, 42b,.
- This is a pressure compensation valve of the front type (before orifice type) that controls the differential pressure.
- the pressure compensation valve 41a includes a pressure receiving portion 46a located on the closing direction side, a pressure receiving portion 46b located on the opening direction side, and a pressure receiving portion 46c located on the opening direction side, which are provided facing each other.
- the pressure on the upstream side and the downstream side of the meter-in throttle part 43a or 43b of the flow rate control valve 42a is guided to 46b, respectively, and the output pressure of the differential pressure detection valve 11 (hydraulic pressure when the actuators 5a, 5b,.
- the front-rear differential pressure of the flow control valve 42a is controlled using the output pressure as the target compensation differential pressure.
- the pressure control valve 41b has pressure receiving portions 47a, 47b, and 47c and is similarly configured.
- the pressure control valves other than the pressure compensation valves 41a and 41b are similarly configured. Thereby, the differential pressures before and after the meter-in throttles 43a or 43b of the flow control valves 42a, 42b,... Are all controlled to the same value, and the meter-in of the flow control valves 42a, 42b,. Pressure oil can be supplied at a ratio corresponding to the opening area of the throttle portion. Further, the output pressure of the differential pressure detection valve 11 (when the actuators 5a, 5b,... Are driven, the differential pressure (LS differential pressure) between the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 and the maximum load pressure Plmax, the non-actuation of the actuators 5a, 5b,.
- the unloading valve 9 includes a pressure receiving portion 9a located on the closing direction side and a pressure receiving portion 9b located on the opening direction side, and a spring 9c located on the same side as the pressure receiving portion 9a.
- 9a is connected to the signal pressure oil passage 7 via the signal pressure oil passage 10, and the signal pressure detected by the shuttle valves 6a, 6b,... (When the actuators 5a, 5b,... Are driven, the maximum load pressure Plmax, the actuator 5a , 5b,... Is not driven, and the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 (pressure of the pressure oil supply oil passage 8) is guided to the pressure receiving portion 9b.
- the area of the pressure receiving part 9a is Aa
- the area of the pressure receiving part 9b is Ab
- both areas Aa and Ab are set equal.
- the spring 9c sets a target differential pressure (for example, 2.0 MPa) of the unload valve.
- the unload valve 9 causes the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 to be the signal pressure of the signal pressure oil passage 7 (when the actuators 5a, 5b,... Are driven, the maximum load pressure Plmax, and when the actuators 5a, 5b,.
- the pressure set by the spring 9c ie, the target differential pressure
- the hydraulic pump 2 returns to the tank T and the hydraulic pump 2 discharge pressure does not increase any more. Control.
- the main relief valve 13 has a spring 13a positioned on the closing direction side and a pressure receiving portion 13b positioned on the valve opening direction side.
- the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 (the pressure of the pressure oil supply oil passage 8) is applied to the pressure receiving portion 13b. ) Is led, the valve is opened when the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 exceeds the relief pressure set by the spring 13a, and the pressure oil in the pressure oil supply oil passage 8 is returned to the tank T, so that the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 Prevent further rise of the.
- the main relief valve 13 changes the urging force of the spring 13a to change the relief pressure to a normal first pressure (for example, 25 MPa) and a second pressure for starting the engine (for example, 3 MPa). 60 (described later).
- the differential pressure detection valve 11 has a pressure receiving portion 11a located on the side that increases the output pressure and pressure receiving portions 11b and 11c located on the side that reduces the output pressure, and the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 is guided to the pressure receiving portion 11a,
- the signal pressure of the signal pressure oil passage 7 and its own output pressure are respectively guided to the pressure receiving portions 11b and 11c, and the hydraulic pump 2 is based on the pilot primary pressure of the pilot primary pressure generating portion 20 (described later) by the balance between these pressures. Is generated as an absolute pressure and output.
- the output port of the differential pressure detection valve 11 is connected to the pressure receiving portion 32a of the LS control valve 32 of the pump tilt control mechanism 30 via the signal pressure oil passages 15 and 16, and the output pressure of the differential pressure detection valve 11 is the pressure receiving portion 32a. Led to. Further, the output port of the differential pressure detection valve 11 is connected to the pressure receiving portions 46c, 47c,... Of the pressure compensation valves 41a, 41b,. 11 is introduced to the pressure receiving portions 46c, 47c,... As a target compensation differential pressure.
- Actuators 5a and 5b are, for example, boom cylinders and arm cylinders of hydraulic excavators.
- the hydraulic excavator is equipped with a swing motor, left and right traveling cylinders, a bucket cylinder, and the like as other actuators. In FIG. 1, those actuators and corresponding portions of the control valve 3 are not shown.
- the hydraulic drive apparatus also includes an engine speed detection circuit 49, a pilot primary pressure generation unit 20, and a gate lock valve 23.
- the engine speed detection circuit 49 has a flow rate detection valve 50 and a differential pressure detection valve 51.
- the flow rate detection valve 50 has a variable throttle portion 50a, and the upstream side of the throttle portion 50a is discharged oil of the pilot pump 3. Connected to the path 3a, the downstream side of the throttle 50a is connected to the oil path 3c of the pilot primary pressure generator 20.
- the flow rate detection valve 50 detects the discharge flow rate of the pilot pump 3 as a change in the differential pressure across the throttle portion 50a. Since the discharge flow rate of the pilot pump 3 changes depending on the rotation speed of the engine 1, the rotation speed of the engine 1 can be detected by detecting the discharge flow rate of the pilot pump 3. For example, if the rotational speed of the engine 1 decreases, the discharge flow rate of the pilot pump 3 decreases, and the differential pressure across the throttle portion 50a decreases.
- the throttle portion 50a is configured as a variable throttle portion whose opening area continuously changes
- the flow rate detection valve 50 further includes a pressure receiving portion 50b for opening direction operation, a pressure receiving portion 50c for throttle direction operation, and a spring 50d.
- the upstream pressure (pressure in the discharge oil passage 3a) of the variable throttle portion 50a is guided to the pressure receiving portion 50b, and the downstream pressure (pressure in the oil passage 3c) of the variable throttle portion 50a is guided to the pressure receiving portion 50c.
- the portion 50a is configured to change its opening area depending on its own differential pressure.
- the differential pressure detection valve 51 is an engine rotational speed detection valve that outputs the differential pressure across the variable throttle 50a as an absolute pressure as a pressure that depends on the engine rotational speed.
- Pressure receiving portions 51b and 51c located on the pressure reducing side, and the upstream pressure of the variable throttle portion 50a is guided to the pressure receiving portion 51a, and the downstream pressure of the variable throttle portion 50a and its own pressure are respectively received by the pressure receiving portions 51b and 51c.
- the output pressure is guided, and the differential pressure across the variable throttle 50a is generated as an absolute pressure based on the pilot primary pressure of the pilot primary pressure generator 20 based on the balance between these pressures and output.
- the output port of the differential pressure detection valve 51 is connected to the pressure receiving portion 32b of the LS control valve 32 via the signal pressure oil passage 53, and the output pressure of the differential pressure detection valve 51 is supplied to the pressure receiving portion 32b as a target differential pressure for load sensing control.
- the saturation phenomenon according to the engine speed can be improved, and the engine Good fine operability can be obtained when the rotational speed is set low. This point is detailed in JP-A-10-196604.
- the pilot primary pressure generating unit 20 has a pilot relief valve 21 connected to the oil passage 3c.
- the pilot relief valve 21 keeps the pressure of the oil passage 3c constant (for example, 4.0 MPa) to generate a pilot primary pressure. Is done.
- the downstream side of the oil passage 3c is connected to the pilot primary pressure oil passage 3b via the gate lock valve 23, and is operated by the operation lever to the pilot primary pressure oil passage 3b.
- a remote control valve (not shown) for generating a control pilot pressure for operating the flow control valves 42a, 42b, 42c based on the primary pressure) is connected.
- the gate lock valve 23 is interposed between the oil passage 3c and the pilot primary pressure oil passage 3b, and is switched by a gate lock lever 24 provided at the entrance of the cab of the hydraulic excavator.
- the gate lock lever 24 can be operated to a lock position (OFF position) that allows passengers to get in and out of the cab, and a lock release position (ON position) that prevents passengers from getting into and out of the cab.
- the gate lock lever 24 is operated to the lock position (OFF position)
- the gate lock valve 23 is also switched to the lock position (right side position in the figure). In this lock position, the oil passage 3c and the pilot primary pressure oil passage 3b And the pilot primary pressure oil passage 3b is communicated with the tank T.
- the gate lock lever 24 When the gate lock lever 24 is operated to the unlock position (ON position), the gate lock valve 23 is also switched to the unlock position (the left position in the figure), and in this unlock position, the oil passage 3c is connected to the pilot primary pressure oil. Communicate with the road 3b.
- the biasing force changing device 60 of the main relief valve 13 is connected to the pilot primary pressure oil passage 3b via the oil passage 22, and when the gate lock valve 23 is in the unlocked position, the normal first It operates to set a pressure (for example, 25 MPa), and operates to set a second pressure (for example, 3 MPa) for starting the engine when the gate lock valve 23 is in the locked position.
- a pressure for example, 25 MPa
- a second pressure for example, 3 MPa
- the urging force change device 60, the gate lock valve 23, and the gate lock lever 24 are configured so that the set pressure of the main relief valve 13 is a normal first pressure (for example, 25 MPa) by manual operation (operation of the gate lock lever 23). And a second pressure for starting the engine that enables the oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 2 to be returned to the tank together with the unload valve 9 when the plurality of actuators 5a, 5b,.
- the relief setting pressure changing means that can be switched to (for example, 3.0 MPa) is configured.
- the pilot pump 3 and the pilot primary pressure generator 20 constitute a pilot hydraulic pressure source, and the gate lock valve 23 selectively communicates an oil chamber 69 (described later) of the urging force changing device 60 with the pilot hydraulic pressure source and the tank T.
- the gate lock lever 24 constitutes manual operation means for switching the valve means (gate lock valve 23).
- the second pressure for starting the engine is when the ambient temperature is below freezing and the plurality of actuators 5a, 5b,... Are not driven (when the plurality of flow control valves 42a, 42b,... Are all in the neutral position).
- the low pressure is set so that the main relief valve 13 is opened and the oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 2 can be returned to the tank T together with the unload valve 9, and is preferably equivalent to the target differential pressure of the load sensing control.
- the pressure is higher than the pressure (for example, 1.5 MPa) and not more than twice the set pressure (for example, 2.0 MPa) of the unload valve 9 (for example, 4.0 MPa).
- FIG. 2 shows a state when the gate lock valve 23 is in the lock position (OFF position) and the second pressure for starting the engine is set as the relief pressure
- FIG. 3 shows that the gate lock valve 23 is in the unlocked position ( In the ON position), the normal first pressure is set as the relief pressure.
- the main relief valve 13 is disposed in a housing 64 and a housing 64 in which a valve chamber 61, an input port 62, and an output port 63 are formed, and a valve body 65 that opens and closes the input port 62, and the housing 64 is fixed and held.
- the above-described spring 13a is provided in the housing 64 so as to urge the valve body 65 in the closing direction.
- the pressure receiving portion 13 b is provided at a portion where the valve body 65 is seated on the downstream side of the input port 62.
- the inlet passage 66 is connected to the pressure oil supply oil passage 8, and the discharge passage 67 is connected to the tank T.
- an urging force changing device 60 is disposed behind the spring 13a in the housing 64.
- the urging force changing device 60 has a piston portion 68 disposed in the housing 64 so as to be movable in the axial direction of the housing 64 (the left-right direction in the figure), and an oil chamber 69 formed on the opposite spring side of the piston portion 68.
- the piston portion 68 includes a support portion 68 a that supports the base end portion of the spring 13 a on one end side, and a diameter-enlarged portion 68 b that has a pressure receiving portion facing the oil chamber 69 on the other end side.
- the enlarged diameter portion 68b can move within the oil chamber 69 with a predetermined stroke.
- the oil chamber 69 is connected to the pilot primary pressure oil passage 3 b through the oil passage 22.
- the oil chamber 69 also communicates with the tank T,
- the enlarged diameter portion 68b is retracted to the illustrated left end position in the oil chamber 69 when the piston portion 68 is pushed by the spring 13a.
- the set length of the spring 13a becomes long and the spring force is held in a weakened state. Therefore, at this position, the second pressure for starting the engine (for example, 3.0 MPa) lower than the normal first pressure (for example, 25 MPa) is set as the relief pressure of the main relief valve 13.
- the excavator includes a lower traveling body 101, an upper revolving body 102 that is turnably mounted on the lower traveling body 101, and a top end portion of the upper revolving body 102 that pivots vertically and horizontally via a swing post 103. And a front work machine 104 connected in a possible manner.
- the lower traveling body 101 is of a crawler type, and a blade 106 for earth removal is provided on the front side of the track frame 105 so as to be movable up and down.
- the upper swivel body 102 includes a swivel base 107 having a basic lower structure, and a canopy type cab 108 provided on the swivel base 107.
- the front work machine 104 includes a boom 111, an arm 112, and a bucket 113.
- the base end of the boom is pin-coupled to the swing post 103, and the tip of the boom 111 is pin-coupled to the base end of the arm 112.
- the tip is pin-coupled to the bucket 113.
- the boom 111 and the arm 112 are rotated by expanding and contracting the boom cylinder 5a and the arm cylinder 5b shown in FIG. 1, and the upper swing body 102 is rotated by rotating the swing motor 116.
- the bucket 113 rotates by expanding and contracting the bucket cylinder 117, the blade 106 moves up and down by expanding and contracting a blade cylinder (not shown), and the lower traveling body 101 rotates the left and right traveling motors 118a and 118b.
- the swing post 103 rotates by expanding and contracting the swing cylinder 119.
- actuators such as the swing motor 116, the bucket cylinder 117, the travel motors 118 a and 118 b, and the swing cylinder 119 are omitted.
- a driver's seat 121 on which an operator is seated is provided in the operator's cab 108, and an operation lever device 122 having an operation lever for a bucket / boom and an operation lever having an operation lever for a swing / arm are provided on both right and left sides of the driver's seat 121.
- a lever device 123 is provided, and a gate lock lever 24 is provided at the entrance of the driver's seat 121.
- the solid line position in the figure indicates a lock release position (ON position) that prevents the passenger from getting in and out of the cab 121, and the broken line position indicates a lock position (OFF position) that allows the passenger to get in and out of the cab 121.
- the operation lever devices 122 and 123 incorporate a remote control valve connected to the pilot primary pressure oil passage 3b shown in FIGS. ⁇ Operation ⁇ Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described.
- the gate lock lever 24 Before the start of the day's work, the gate lock lever 24 is in the locked position, and the tilt (capacity) of the hydraulic pump 2 is maximum. Further, since the gate lock lever 24 is in the locked position and the gate lock valve 23 is in a position for communicating the pilot primary pressure oil passage 3b with the tank TT, as shown in FIG. 2, the piston portion 68 of the biasing force changing device 60 is provided. Is a position where the set length of the spring 13a is lengthened and the spring force is weakened, and the second pressure for starting the engine (for example, 3.0 MPa) lower than the normal first pressure (for example, 25 MPa) as the relief pressure of the main relief valve 13 ) Is set.
- the operator starts the engine 1 by operating an engine key switch (not shown).
- the LS control valve 32 is hydraulically controlled so that the signal pressure of the signal pressure oil passage 16 guided to the pressure receiving portion 32a is equal to the target differential pressure (for example, 1.5 MPa) set in the pressure receiving portion 32b.
- the tilt (capacity) of the pump 2 is controlled (load sensing control).
- the signal pressure in the signal pressure oil passage 16 that is the output pressure of the differential pressure detection valve 11 is substantially equal to the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2.
- the hydraulic pump 2 immediately after the engine 1 is started, the hydraulic pump 2 is at the maximum inclination, so the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 transiently rises above the target differential pressure of the load sensing control. Therefore, the LS control valve 32 controls the tilt of the hydraulic pump 2 from the maximum tilt to the minimum tilt so that the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump becomes equal to the target differential pressure, and the discharge flow rate of the hydraulic pump 2 is minimized. Control as follows. Even when the operation lever is not operated and the flow control valves 42a, 42b,... Are in the neutral position, the flow rate control valve 42a is controlled by operating the operation lever to minimize the discharge flow rate of the hydraulic pump 2 instead of zero. , 42b,... Is to ensure the response of the actuator when operated from the neutral position.
- the viscosity of the hydraulic oil at the time of starting the engine is remarkably high. Takes a long time to open, and the pressure oil supply oil passage 8 is filled with high pressure. Moreover, a response delay also occurs in the load sensing control due to an increase in the viscosity of the hydraulic oil, and during this response delay, the discharge flow rate of the hydraulic pump 2 becomes excessive. As a result, the pressure in the pressure oil supply oil passage 8 (discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump) becomes high, and in some cases reaches 10 MPa. For this reason, conventionally, the load of the hydraulic pump 2 (therefore, the load of the engine 1) is excessive, and the engine startability is reduced.
- the relief pressure of the main relief valve 13 is lower than the normal first pressure (for example, 25 MPa).
- the second pressure is set (for example, 3.0 MPa). For this reason, when the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 reaches the low second pressure, the main relief valve 13 is opened, and the discharge oil of the hydraulic pump 2 is returned to the tank.
- the main relief valve 13 is opened in addition to the unloading valve 9, so that the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 can be prevented from becoming extremely high particularly at low temperatures, and the engine startability can be improved. Can be improved.
- the second pressure for starting the engine of the main relief valve 13 is set to a pressure corresponding to the target differential pressure of load sensing control (for example, 1.5 MPa) or less, the capacity of the hydraulic pump 2 is increased by the load sensing control means. It is controlled to increase to the maximum tilt side, and fuel efficiency is wasted.
- the second pressure of the main relief valve 13 is set higher than the pressure corresponding to the target differential pressure of load sensing control, so that the capacity of the hydraulic pump 2 is tilted to the maximum by the load sensing control means. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the fuel consumption from being increased and to reduce fuel consumption.
- the second pressure of the main relief valve 13 is set to be larger than twice the set pressure of the unload valve 9, the load of the hydraulic pump 2 at the engine start is at an extremely low temperature of -10 ° C or lower. There is a concern that the reduction effect will fade.
- the second pressure of the main relief valve 13 is set to not more than twice the set pressure of the unload valve 9, particularly about 1.5 MPa, which is not more than 1.5 times. Even at low temperatures, the load on the hydraulic pump 2 can be reliably reduced and the engine startability can be improved.
- the gate lock valve 23 is switched to a position where the discharge oil passage 3a of the pilot pump 3 communicates with the pilot primary pressure oil passage 3b.
- the piston portion 68 of the biasing force changing device 60 is in a position where the set length of the spring 13a is shortened and the spring force is strengthened, and the normal first pressure (for example, 25 MPa) is used as the relief pressure of the main relief valve 13. Is set.
- the hydraulic pump 2 is controlled to the minimum tilt by the LS control valve 32, and the discharge flow rate of the hydraulic pump 2 is controlled to be the minimum.
- the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 exceeds the set pressure of the unload valve 9 (for example, 2.0 MPa)
- the unload valve 9 opens and the discharge oil of the hydraulic pump 2 (pressure oil in the pressure oil supply oil passage 8). Therefore, the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 is maintained at the set pressure of the unload valve.
- the relief pressure of the main relief valve 13 is set to a normal first pressure (for example, 25 MPa). Therefore, the main relief valve 13 is set so long as the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 2 does not reach the set pressure. It will not open.
- the relief pressure of the main relief valve 13 is normally adjusted by manually operating the relief setting pressure changing means (the biasing force changing device 60, the gate lock valve 23, and the gate lock lever 24). Is switched from the first pressure (for example, 25 MPa) to the second pressure for engine start (for example, 3.0 MPa), which is lower than the first pressure, and the main relief valve 13 is hydraulic when the plurality of actuators 5a, 5b,.
- the discharge pressure of the pump 2 rises above the set pressure (for example, 2.0 MPa) of the unload valve 9, it becomes possible to return the discharge oil of the hydraulic pump 2 together with the unload valve 9 to the tank T.
- the gate lock lever 24 (manual operation means) is operated to switch the gate lock valve 23 (valve means)
- the oil chamber 72 of the urging force changing device 60, the pilot primary pressure generating unit 20, and the tank T are communicated. Since the urging force of the spring 13a is changed, the relief pressure of the main relief valve 13 can be easily and reliably switched between the first pressure and the second pressure.
- the operation means (valve means and manual operation means) of the urging force changing device 60 is configured using the existing gate lock valve 23 and the gate lock lever 24, the number of parts is reduced and the device configuration is low.
- the gate lock lever 24 is operated and the gate lock valve 23 is switched, the operating state of the urging force change device 60 is also switched at the same time. Therefore, the relief pressure of the main relief valve 13 is changed between the first pressure and the second pressure. No special operation is required to switch to pressure.
- the above embodiment can be variously modified within the spirit of the present invention.
- the urging force change device 60 is hydraulically driven, but may be solenoid driven, for example.
- the position of the gate lock lever 24 is electrically detected and the solenoid is excited.
- the gate lock valve 23 and the gate lock lever 24 are also used as the operation means (valve means and manual operation means) of the urging force change device 60.
- dedicated valve means and manual operation means are provided. In this case, the same effect as in the above embodiment can be obtained.
- the target differential pressure of the load sensing control is set as a variable value that changes according to the engine speed based on the output pressure of the engine speed detection circuit 49, and the target differential pressure of the unload valve 9 is set.
- the pressure is set as a constant value by the spring 9c
- the target differential pressure of the unload valve 9 may also be set as a variable value that changes according to the engine speed based on the output pressure of the engine speed detection circuit 49. .
- a hydraulic excavator has been described as an example of a construction machine.
- the present invention can be similarly applied to a construction machine (for example, a crane, a wheel loader, etc.) other than a hydraulic excavator.
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Abstract
Description
(4)さらに、上記(1)~(3)において、好ましくは、前記エンジン始動用の第2圧力は、前記ロードセンシング制御手段の目標差圧相当の圧力より高く、前記アンロード弁の設定圧力の2倍以下である。
(5)また、上記(1)~(3)において、好ましくは、前記エンジン始動用の第2圧力は、周囲温度が氷点下であって前記複数のアクチュエータの非駆動時に、前記メインリリーフ弁が開状態となって前記油圧ポンプの吐出油を前記アンロード弁とともにタンクに戻すことを可能とする圧力である。
~構成~
<全体構成>
図1は本発明の一実施の形態に係わる油圧駆動装置を示す油圧回路図である。
<メインリリーフ弁13の詳細構造>
図2及び図3は、図1のメインリリーフ弁13周辺の回路部分を抜き出し、メインリリーフ弁13及び付勢力変更装置60の詳細構造を示す図である。図2はゲートロック弁23がロック位置(OFF位置)にあり、リリーフ圧力としてエンジン始動用の第2圧力が設定されているときの状態を示し、図3はゲートロック弁23がロック解除位置(ON位置)にあり、リリーフ圧力として通常の第1圧力が設定されているときの状態を示す。
<油圧ショベルの構成>
図4は本実施の形態の油圧駆動装置が搭載される油圧ショベルの外観を示す図である。油圧ショベルは、下部走行体101、この下部走行体101上に旋回可能に搭載された上部旋回体102と、この上部旋回体102の先端部分にスイングポスト103を介して上下及び左右方向に回動可能に連結されたフロント作業機104とを備えている。下部走行体101はクローラ式であり、トラックフレーム105の前方側には上下動可能に排土用のブレード106が設けられている。上部旋回体102は基礎下部構造をなす旋回台107と、旋回台107上に設けられたキャノピタイプの運転室108とを備えている。フロント作業機104はブーム111と、アーム112と、バケット113とを備え、ブーム
の基端はスイングポスト103にピン結合され、ブーム111の先端はアーム112の基端にピン結合され、アーム112の先端はバケット113にピン結合されている。
~動作~
次に、本実施の形態の動作を説明する。
一日の作業終了時、オペレータは図示しないエンジンキースイッチをオフにしてエンジン1を停止させる。この際オペレータは、安全性確保のため、ゲートロックレバー24をロック位置に操作してゲートロック弁23を同様にロック位置(パイロット一次圧油路3bをタンクTに連通させる位置)に切り換え、流量制御弁42a,42b,…を操作不能な状態とする。また、エンジン1が停止すると、油圧ポンプ2は圧油を吐出しないため、油圧ポンプ2はトルク傾転制御部30aのばね31bの作用により最大傾転となる。
その後、オペレータがゲートロックレバー24をロック解除位置(ON位置)に操作すると、ゲートロック弁23はパイロットポンプ3の吐出油路3aをパイロット一次圧油路3bに連通させる位置に切り換わり、図3に示すように、付勢力変更装置60のピストン部68はばね13aのセット長を短くし、ばね力を強めた位置にあり、メインリリーフ弁13のリリーフ圧力として通常の第1圧力(例えば25MPa)が設定される。
<効果>
以上のように本実施の形態によれば、リリーフ設定圧力変更手段(付勢力変更装置60、ゲートロック弁23及びゲートロックレバー24)を手動操作することにより、メインリリーフ弁13のリリーフ圧力は通常の第1圧力(例えば25MPa)からそれよりも低い、エンジン始動用の第2圧力(例えば3.0MPa)に切り換わり、メインリリーフ弁13は、複数のアクチュエータ5a,5b,…の非駆動時に油圧ポンプ2の吐出圧力がアンロード弁9の設定圧力(例えば2.0MPa)を超えて上昇したときに、アンロード弁9とともに油圧ポンプ2の吐出油をタンクTに戻すことが可能となるため、低温時のエンジン始動において、作動油の粘性上昇によるロードセンシング制御の応答遅れとアンロード弁9の応答性の低下により圧油供給油路8に高圧が発生することが防止され、油圧ポンプ2の吐出圧力が著しく高圧になってしまうのを防ぐことができ、油圧ポンプ2の負荷を低減し、エンジン1の始動性を向上できる。
2 油圧ポンプ(メインポンプ)
3 パイロットポンプ
3a 吐出油路
3b パイロット一次圧油路
3c 油路
4 コントロールバルブ
4a,4b バルブセクション
6a,6b シャトル弁
7 信号圧油路
8 圧油供給油路
9 アンロード弁
9a 受圧部
9b 受圧部
9c ばね
10 信号圧油路
11 差圧検出弁
13 メインリリーフ弁
13a ばね
13b 受圧部
15,16,17,18 信号圧油路
20 パイロット一次圧生成部
21 パイロットリリーフ弁
22 油路
23 ゲートロック弁
24 ゲートロックレバー
30 ポンプ傾転制御機構
30a トルク傾転制御部
30b LS傾転制御部(ロードセンシング制御手段)
31a トルク制御アクチュエータ
31b ばね
32 LS制御弁
32a,32b 受圧部
33 LS制御アクチュエータ
41a,41b 圧力補償弁
42a,42b 流量制御弁(メインスプール)
43a,43b メータイン絞り部
44a,44b 負荷ポート
49 エンジン回転数検出回路
50 流量検出弁
51 差圧検出弁
60 付勢力変更装置
61 バルブ室
62 入力ポート
63 出力ポート
64 ハウジング
65 弁体
66 入口通路
67 排出通路
68 ピストン部
69 油室
68a ばね支持部
68b 拡径部
Claims (5)
- エンジン(1)と、
このエンジンにより駆動される可変容量型の油圧ポンプ(2)と、
この油圧ポンプから吐出された圧油により駆動される複数のアクチュエータ(5a,5b)と、
前記油圧ポンプから前記複数のアクチュエータに供給される圧油の流量を制御する複数の流量制御弁(42a,42b)と、
前記複数のアクチュエータの駆動時は前記複数のアクチュエータの最高負荷圧力を検出し、前記複数のアクチュエータの非駆動時はタンク圧を検出し、検出した圧力を信号圧力として出力する最高負荷圧検出手段(6a,6b)と、
前記油圧ポンプの吐出圧力が前記信号圧力より目標差圧だけ高くなるよう前記油圧ポンプの容量を制御するロードセンシング制御手段(30b)と、
前記油圧ポンプから吐出された圧油を前記複数の流量制御弁に供給する圧油供給油路(8)に接続され、前記油圧ポンプの吐出圧力が前記信号圧力より設定圧力以上に高くなると開状態となって前記油圧ポンプの吐出油をタンク(T)に戻すアンロード弁(9)と、
前記圧油供給油路に接続され、前記油圧ポンプの吐出圧力がリリーフ圧力として設定された第1圧力以上に高くなると開状態となって前記油圧ポンプの吐出油をタンクに戻し、前記圧油供給油路の最高圧力を前記第1圧力以下に制限するメインリリーフ弁(13)と、
前記メインリリーフ弁のリリーフ圧力を、手動操作により、前記第1圧力と、この第1圧力より低く、かつ前記複数のアクチュエータの非駆動時に前記油圧ポンプの吐出油を前記アンロード弁ととともにタンクに戻すことを可能とするエンジン始動用の第2圧力とに切り換え可能とするリリーフ設定圧力変更手段(60,23,24)とを備えることを特徴とする建設機械の油圧駆動装置。 - 請求項1記載の建設機械の油圧駆動装置において、
前記メインリリーフ弁(13)は、前記メインリリーフ弁の弁体を閉じ方向に付勢して前記メインリリーフ弁のリリーフ圧力を設定するばね(13a)を有し、
前記リリーフ設定圧力変更手段(60,23,24)は、
前記メインリリーフ弁の前記ばねの背後に設けられ、かつ油室(69)を有し、この油室の油圧を変更することで前記ばねの付勢力を変更し、前記リリーフ圧力を前記第1圧力と前記第2圧力とに変更する付勢力変更装置(60)と、
前記付勢力変更装置の油室をパイロット油圧源(3,20)とタンク(T)に選択的に連通させるバルブ手段(23)と、
前記バルブ手段を切り換える手動操作手段(24)とを有することを特徴とする建設機械の油圧駆動装置。 - 請求項2記載の建設機械の油圧駆動装置において、
パイロットポンプ(3)と、
このパイロットポンプの吐出油路(3a)に接続され、前記パイロットポンプの吐出油に基づいてパイロット一次圧を生成するパイロット一次圧生成部(20)と、
前記パイロット一次圧生成部により生成されたパイロット一次圧が導かれるパイロット一次圧油路(3b)と、
前記パイロット一次圧油路に接続され、前記パイロット一次圧油路に導かれたパイロット一次圧に基づいて前記複数の流量制御弁を切り換えるための制御パイロット圧を生成する複数のリモコン弁(122,123)と、
運転室(108)の入口に設けられ、ロック位置とロック解除位置とに操作されるゲートロックレバー(24)と、
前記パイロット一次圧生成部と前記パイロット一次圧油路との間に介装され、前記ゲートロックレバーが前記ロック位置に操作されたときは前記パイロット一次圧生成部と前記パイロット一次圧油路との連通を遮断しかつ前記パイロット一次圧油路をタンクに連通させ、前記ゲートロックレバーが前記ロック解除位置に操作されたときは前記パイロット一次圧生成部と前記パイロット一次圧油路を連通させるゲートロック弁(23)とを更に備え、
前記パイロット油圧源(3,20)は、前記パイロットポンプ及び前記パイロット一次圧生成部により構成され、
前記バルブ手段(23)は前記ゲートロック弁であり、
前記手動操作手段(24)は前記ゲートロックレバーであることを特徴とする建設機械の油圧駆動装置。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の建設機械の油圧駆動装置において、
前記エンジン始動用の第2圧力は、前記ロードセンシング制御手段(30b)の目標差圧相当の圧力より高く、前記アンロード弁(9)の設定圧力の2倍以下であることを特徴とする建設機械の油圧駆動装置。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の建設機械の油圧駆動装置において、
前記エンジン始動用の第2圧力は、周囲温度が氷点下であって前記複数のアクチュエータ(5a,5b)の非駆動時に、前記メインリリーフ弁(13)が開状態となって前記油圧ポンプ(2)の吐出油を前記アンロード弁(9)とともにタンク(T)に戻すことを可能とする圧力であることを特徴とする建設機械の油圧駆動装置。
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