Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J4/00—Adhesives based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; adhesives, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09J183/00 - C09J183/16
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L35/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical, and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L35/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of nitriles

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of curable compositions such as adhesives for bonding materials, and more particularly to cyanoacrylate adhesives and improved compositions thereof. More particularly the invention relates to activators for such curable compositions and in particular to cyanoacrylate adhesive compositions.
• Curable compositions such as cyanoacrylate adhesives are well recognised at home and in industry for their excellent ability to rapidly bond a wide range of substrates, generally in a number of minutes and depending on the particular substrate, often in a number of seconds.
• Cyanoacrylate products are very suitable for use as adhesives, particularly in the assembly of small, close fitting parts. Their universality derives partly from the fact that polymerisation of the monomer is initiated by nucleophiles found under normal atmospheric conditions on most surfaces. The initiation by surface chemistry means that sufficient initiating species are available when two surfaces are in close contact with a small layer of cyanoacrylate between the two surfaces. Under these conditions a strong bond is obtained in a short time. Thus in essence the cyanoacrylate often functions as an instant adhesive.
• cyanoacrylate adhesive performance, bonding time and durability is dependent on the type of substrate and the presence or absence of contaminant material. Generally, performance is quite rapid for most substrates, however for substrates of acidic nature such as wood or paper, cure times can be significantly longer.
• additional nucleophilic initiating moieties in conjunction with the cyanoacrylate monomers or the inclusion of an accelerator in the cyanoacrylate adhesive itself, in either instance to accelerate bond formation.
• the accelerator can be added to the adhesive composition directly, or as an alternative, they may be used directly on the substrate in a low boiling solvent prior to adhesive application as a surface primer or activator to supply activating molecules to the bond line.
• the activating species should not cause instant polymerisation (shock hardening) but should have some initial miscibility to give cure through volume.
• Activators/accelerators may be applied in one of two ways, (i) pre-activation where the activator is applied to one or both of the substrates prior to application of the adhesive; the low boiling point solvent is allowed to evaporate; leaving the activating species behind or (ii) post-activation where the activator is applied subsequent to the application to the adhesive (and commonly after assembly of the substrates). This is typically used to cure fillets of monomer outside the bond line.
• Accelerators suitable for use in adhesive application have also found use in vulcanisation of rubber applications.
• Japanese Patent No. 1 328 480 of Sumitoko Chemical Company Limited reports that replacement of the cyclohexyl group of N-cyclohexyl benzothiazyl sulfenamide accelerators by alkyl groups of higher numbers of carbon atoms leads to considerably improved co-vulcanization of the mixtures of EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) rubber.
• EPDM ethylene propylene diene monomer
• United States Patent No. 1,455,941 of Monsanto Company describes using bis(sulfenamides) as primary vulcanisation accelerators which accelerate vulcanisation of rubber in the absence of conventional accelerators.
• United States Patent No. 4,665,155 provides vulcanisates such as trithiocarbonates that provide improved retention of optimum physical properties, which are used in conjunction with accelerators such as thioazole based accelerators. Benzothizole-2-sulphenamide accelerators were found to be particularly useful. Two part products comprising adhesive and activators are not mentioned.
• Suitable activators in the GB '317 patent include certain N-disubstituted metallic dithiocarbamates, N- substituted benzothiazole-2-sulfenamides and N,N-tetrasusbtituted thiuram mono- or oligosulfides.
• European Patent No. EP 785 865 describes a non-environmentally hazardous and nonvolatile adhesive promoter composition for promotion of adhesive cure comprising amongst others, tert-butyl benzothiazole sulfenamide and N-oxydiethylene benzothiazoles-2-sulfenamide, present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 10% by weight.
• the activators are provided in a high boiling point solvent, wherein the activator and adhesive formulation may be provided as two liquids and cure may be achieved by manual mixing or by co-extrusion through a static mixer. The method is useful, since it allows metered addition of activator.
• Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-022877 describes the use of aromatic amines as activators.
• the main associated advantage with use of these compounds being that there is no unpleasant odour and relevantly good efficient acceleration is provided, particularly when N, N- Dimethyl-p-Toluidine (DMPT) is used.
• DMPT N- Dimethyl-p-Toluidine
• the compounds described such as dithiopyridine, N-t-butyl-2-benzothiazole-sulfenamide, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole- sulfenamide, dibenzothiazyl disulfide, promote hardening to occur within a few seconds. These compounds are superior since they allow a substantially longer waiting time between application of the activator and application of the adhesive and thus tend to avoid superficial hardening.
• JP 62-022877 or 2,2 dithiodipyridine is typically in the range of 30s-60s. Such gel times may be insufficient where some assembly time is required, as would be the case for larger parts. A longer, reliable time between mixing and curing would be of advantage to an adhesive user and would allow mixing nozzles to be used for a longer time.
• activators for cyanoacrylate compositions which are particularly suitable for use in two-part packs.
• activators which are more insensitive to UV and/or water are desirable for example for improved storage stability.
• a cyanoacrylate composition comprising : a cyanoacrylate; and a 2-substituted benzothiazole or a derivative thereof wherein the 2-substituent is an alkyl, an alkene, an alkylbenzyl, an alkylamino, an alkoxy, an alkylhydroxy, an ether, a sulfenamide, a thioalkyl or a thioalkoxy group, with the proviso that an amide portion of the sulfenamide does not have a tert butylamino or a morpholine group.
• the cyanoacrylate compositions of the invention include an activator (the 2- substituted benzothiazoles) that can assist with cure, in particular, with rapid adhesive bond formation.
• compositions of the invention have the particular advantage that they are less prone to moisture and UV sensitivity.
• Certain of the activators of the invention are particularly useful for storage in transparent or translucent containers that may allow greater UV penetration than a comparable opaque container.
• the compositions of the invention demonstrate good cure-through-gap properties.
• the present invention thus provides improved activators for use in cyanoacrylate adhesive compositions and applications thereof.
• the invention provides such activators for use in two-part cyanoacrylate adhesive applications, which are less prone to deactivation than known activators and/or provide superior cure times.
• the cyanoacrylate compositions of the invention comprise 2-substituted benzothiazoles as activators/accelerators.
• the substitutions at the 2-position of the benzothiazole ring include Ci - C 4 alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl groups. It will be appreciated that branched propyl or butyl substituents may be used to provide particularly desirable activators in cyanoacrylate compositions.
• Most desirable are 2-substituted benzothiazole compounds having a methyl substituent at the 2-position of the benzothiazole ring.
• Suitable alkene substituents at the 2-position of the benzothiazole ring may be Ci - C 4 alkene groups such as an allyl, a propylene or a butylene groups.
• the alkene bond may be terminal to the 2-position of the benzothiazole ring or may be in an intermediate position along the hydrocarbon chain.
• the activator/accelerator compounds have alkylhydroxy substitutions at the 2-position of the benzothiazole ring.
• the alkylhydroxy substituent may be a branched or unbranched C 1 - C 4 alkylhydroxy group, wherein the alkyl chain is substituted with the hydroxyl group at any of the d - C 4 hydrocarbon positions.
• Suitable ether substituents at the 2-position of the benzothiazole ring of the activators/accelerators for the compositions of the invention may comprise ether groups.
• the ether substituent may be a branched or unbranched C 1 - C 10 alkylether group, a branched or unbranched C 1 - C 10 alkylether group containing at least one double bond or branched or unbranched C 1 - C 10 alkylether group containing at least one triple bond, in the alkyl chain.
• the ether group oxygen atom is directly linked to the benzothiazole at the 2-position.
• Suitable sulfenamide substituents include sulfenamide wherein the amide portion of the sulfenamide is a cyclohexylamine but exclude those having an amide portion which is a morpholine or a butylamino group.
• the cyanoacrylate compositions of the invention may comprise benzothiazole compounds, which have a thioalkyl substituent at the 2-position of the benzothiazole.
• the alkyl portion of the thioalkyl substituent may comprise a branched or unbranched Ci - C 2 o alkyl group attached to the thioalkyl sulfur atom.
• the sulfur atom of the thioalkyl substituent is directly attached at the 2-position of the benzothiazole.
• Ci - C 4 thioalkyl groups may also be used as the 2-position substituent on benzothiazole ring.
• Such groups include thiomethyl, thioethyl, thiopropyl or thiobutyl groups, all of which provide desirable compounds for use as activators in cyanoacrylate adhesive compositions. It will be appreciated that branched thiopropyl or thiobutyl substituents may be used. Most desirable are compounds having a thiomethyl substituent at the 2- position of the benzothiazole ring.
• the cyanoacrylate compositions of the invention may comprise benzothiazole compounds which have an alkylbenzyl group at the 2-position of the benzothiazole.
• the alkylbenzyl group may comprise a branched or unbranched C 1 - C 4 alkyl chain, which is further substituted with a benzyl group at any of the d - C 4 positions.
• the compound has the benzyl group at the terminal carbon in the hydrocarbon chain.
• Suitable alkylamino substituents include a branched or unbranched C 1 - C 4 alkyl group, which is further substituted with at least one amine group at any one of the d - C 4 positions.
• the amine may be a primary amine (-NH 2 ) or a secondary amine (- NHR 1 , wherein R 1 may be a C 1 -C 4 alkyl group), or a combination thereof.
• the cyanoacrylate compositions of the invention may comprise benzothiazole compounds which comprise an alkoxy substituents at the 2-position of the benzothiazole ring.
• C 1 - C 4 alkoxy groups such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy or butoxy groups are the substituent. It will be appreciated that branched propoxy or butoxy substituents may be used.
• Desirable activator/accelerators compounds of the invention include those having d - C 4 thioalkoxy groups at the 2-position of the benzothiazole.
• thiomethoxyl, thioethoxy, thiopropoxy or thiobutoxy groups may be the favoured substituent. It will be appreciated that branched thiopropoxy or thiobutoxy substituents may be used.
• the benzene ring of any of the 2-substituted benzothiazole compounds of the invention may be substituted with at least one halo, thioalkyl, haloalkyl, ether, alkyl, alkoxy or hydroxyl substituent.
• the halo substituent on the benzene ring of the benzothiazole compound may be Cl, Br or F, or combinations thereof.
• Benzothiazole compounds having at least one Cl substituent on the benzene ring of the benzothiazole provides compounds which are particularly desirable as activators in cyanoacrylate compositions. Most desirable of all are compounds having Cl at the 5- position of the benzene ring of the benzothiazole compound. Particularly desired as such compounds where there is a methyl substituent at the 2-position of the benzothiazole compound.
• the benzene ring of the benzothiazole compounds may be substituted with at least one thioalkyl substituent.
• the alkyl portion of the thioalkyl substituent may comprise a branched or unbranched Ci - C 4 alkyl group attached to the thioalkyl sulfur atom.
• the sulfur atom of the thioalkyl substituent is directly attached to the benzothiazole benzene ring.
• Such groups include thiomethyl, thioethyl, thiopropyl or thiobutyl groups at any of the positions of the benzothiazole benzene ring. It will be appreciated that branched thiopropyl or thiobutyl substituents may be used.
• Alternative desirable compounds are benzothiazoles having a thiomethyl substituent on the benzothiazole benzene ring.
• a particularly desirable compound has a thiomethyl substituent at the 5-position of the benzene ring of the benzothiazole compound and is substituted at the 2-position of the benzothiazole ring with a methyl group.
• composition of the invention include 2- substitued benzothiazoles, which comprise ether substituents on the benzene ring of the benzothiazole compound.
• Suitable substituents comprise ether groups wherein the ether substituent is a branched or unbranched Ci - Ci 0 alkylether group, a branched or unbranched C 1 - Cio alkylether group containing at least one double bond or branched or unbranched C 1 - C 10 alkylether group containing at least one triple bond in the alkyl chain.
• the ether group oxygen atom is a methylether group on the benzene ring of the benzothiazole compound.
• the compounds of the invention may have at least one alkyl substituent on the benzene ring of the benzothiazole compound.
• Suitable alkyl substituents include Ci - C 4 alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl groups. It will be appreciated that branched propyl or butyl substituents may be used to provide particularly desirable as activators in cyanoacrylate compositions.
• Most desirable are compounds having at least one methyl substituent on the 5-, 6-or 7-position of the benzothiazole benzene ring. The most desirable compounds have at least one methyl substituent on the 5-, 6- or 7-position of the benzothiazole benzene ring and a methyl group at the 2-position of the benzotriazole compound.
• Other desirable compounds of the invention are 2-substituted benzothiazoles having at least one alkoxy substituent on the benzene ring of the benzothiazole ring.
• alkoxy groups include Ci - C 4 alkoxy groups such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy or butoxy groups. It will be appreciated that branched propoxy or butoxy substituents may be used as the substituent.
• a methoxy substituent on the aromatic of the benzothiazole provide particularly desirable compounds for use as activators in cyanoacrylate compositions. It is particularly desirable to have such methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6- positions of the benzothiazole compound.
• the most desirable compounds have are 2-methyl benzothiazole compounds having methoxy groups in the 5- or 6- positions of the benzothiazole benzene ring.
• the benzene ring of the benzothiazole compound may be substituted with at least one hydroxyl group to provide desirable compounds for use as activators in cyanoacrylate compositions.
• Particularly advantageous compounds arise wherein a 2-methyl benzothiazole compound is substituted with a hydroxyl group.
• Most favoured is a 2-methyl benzothiazole compound, which is substituted with a hydroxyl group at the 5-position.
• the compounds of the invention are particular useful as activators for cyanoacrylate adhesive compositions.
• the compounds of the invention provide a good range of gel times while being less prone to moisture sensitivity and/or ultraviolet ageing.
• An advantage therefore is that the cyanoacrylate compositions of the invention, comprising the compounds of the invention may be packed in clear, UV transparent or opaque packaging since ultraviolet light sensitivity is reduced. It may be possible that the compositions of the invention may have a longer shelf life.
• the 2-substituted benzothiazoles or derivatives thereof of the invention may be selected from :
• Particularly desirable cyanoacrylate compositions of the invention comprise activators based on 2-substituted benzothiazoles or derivatives thereof, which may be selected from :
• compositions of the invention comprise activators based on 2-substitued benzothiazoles or derivatives thereof, and may be selected from :
• compositions comprising these particular activators have been found to be sensitive to environmental degradation, such as UV ageing. Thus, it is desirable to maintain compositions of these activators in packaging that is resistant to environmental contaminants. For instance, it is desirable to provide those in packaging that has UV blocking properties. That is, the pack should be sufficiently opaque to UV light so as to prevent any substantial deterioration of the ability of the activator to activate a cyanoacrylate composition. This is useful as it is desirable that the activator does not deteriorate significantly over time and maintains the ability to activate substantially well. For two-part compositions it is desirable that at least the activator part of the composition is retained in a UV opaque container.
• Particularly desired cyanoacrylate compositions of the invention comprise activators based on 2-substituted benzothiazoles or derivatives thereof, which may be selected from :
• compositions of the invention are particularly useful in the compositions of the invention, since compositions comprising these compounds as activators are still curable after exposure to accelerated ageing by exposure to UV light.
• cyanoacrylate adhesive compositions comprising these compounds may be packaged in regular UV transparent packaging, which is not required to be UV blocking.
• the invention provides improved activators, which are particularly resistant to the effects of UV exposure and/or ageing, and will still function sufficiently well to provide a sufficient cure, after the effects of UV exposure and/or ageing.
• the invention provides improved activators that are not so moisture sensitive as prior art activators and which still functional well after storage, where there may be some ingress of moisture into a storage container.
• Compositions of the invention may contain such activators, which may be selected from :
• the 2-substituted benzothiazole is carried by a carrier component.
• the 2- substituted benzothiazole is present with, or may be supplied with, a suitable carrier.
• the carrier component may be comprise a plasticizer selected from triacetin, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, trioctyl trimellitate, dioctyl adipate, dioctyl glutarate, butyl cyanoacetate, trimethyl trimellitate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, diethyl malonate, triethyl-O-acetyl citrate, benzylbutyl phthalate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, diethyl adipate, tributyl-0 -acetyl citrate, dimethyl sebacate, tributyl-O-acetyl citrate (TBAC), triethyl-O-acetyl citrate (TE
• the cyanoacrylate compositions according to the invention When packaged in a dual barrel syringe with one chamber of the syringe having a 9 ml capacity and the other a 1 ml capacity, the cyanoacrylate compositions according to the invention generally can achieve a cure through gap when applied to or between two substrates of between 0.5 mm and 2 mm, while acting as a so-called "instant adhesive".
• the cyanoacrylate compositions of the invention may have a cure time of in some cases less than 10 seconds, and in others between 30 seconds and 300 seconds.
• Such composition may comprise the following 2-substituted benzothiazole compounds or combinations of compounds as accelerator/activator:
• a 2-substituted benzothiazole as a cyanoacrylate adhesive activator and/or accelerator, wherein the 2-substituent is an alkyl, an alkene, an alkylbenzyl, an alkylamino, an alkoxy, an alkylhydroxy, an ether, a sulfenamide, a thioalkyl or a thioalkoxy group, as defined above.
• the benzene ring of the 2-substituted benzothiazole may be further substituted with at least one halo, thioalkyl, haloalkyl, alkyl, alkoxy or hydroxyl substituent as defined above.
• the invention desirably provides a pack comprising a cyanoacrylate adhesive composition comprising a cyanoacrylate; and a 2-substituted benzothiazole or a derivative thereof wherein the 2-substituent is an alkyl, an alkene, an alkylbenzyl, an alkylamino, an alkoxy, an alkylhydroxy, an ether, a sulfenamide, a thioalkyl or a thioalkoxy group, with the proviso that an amide portion of the sulfenamide is not a tert butylamino or a morpholine group.
• This pack may be constructed from a UV transparent material or a UV blocking material.
• the invention provides a pack comprising a cyanoacrylate adhesive composition comprising : a cyanoacrylate; and a 2-substituted benzothiazole or a derivative thereof wherein the 2-substituent is an alkyl, an alkene, an alkylbenzyl, an alkylamino, an alkoxy, an alkylhydroxy, an ether, a sulfenamide, a thioalkyl or a thioalkoxy group.
• a pack that comprises a UV opaque material or is constructed from a UV blocking material.
• the invention provides a pack comprising an cyanoacrylate adhesive composition comprising : a cyanoacrylate; and a 2-substituted benzothiazole or a derivative thereof wherein the 2-substituent is a sulfenamide wherein the amide portion is a tert-butylamino, or a morpholine group.
• the pack should be constructed from a UV blocking material.
• the 2-substituted benzothiazole may comprise a 2- substituent which may be alkyl, an alkene, an alkylbenzyl, an alkylamino, an alkoxy, an alkylhydroxy, an ether, a sulfenamide, a thioalkyl or a thioalkoxy groups, as defined above.
• the benzene ring of the 2-substituted benzothiazole may be further substituted with at least one halo, thioalkyl, haloalkyl, alkyl, alkoxy or hydroxyl substituent as defined above.
• the cyanoacrylate composition of the invention is provided in a two-part form.
• the cyanoacrylate composition is packed in a dispensing pack.
• this may be a pack that co-dispenses the two-parts (suitably in desired ratios) for mixing thereof.
• a dispensing pack may be a dual barrel syringe.
• the cyanoacrylate adhesive composition may be held in a first compartment such as the barrel of a syringe, whereas the activator component is held in a second compartment for example a separate barrel of a syringe. It will be appreciated that any suitable dispensing pack may be used.
• the invention provides an activator for use in activating a cyanoacrylate composition, which is selected from a 2-substituted benzothiazole or a derivative thereof, wherein the 2-substituent is an alkyl, an alkene, an alkylbenzyl, an alkylamino, an alkoxy, an alkylhydroxy, an ether, a sulfenamide, a thioalkyl or a thioalkoxy group, with the proviso that the sulfenamide is any sulfenamide other than a sulfenamide having an amide portion comprising a tert butylamino or a morpholine group.
• a 2-substituted benzothiazole or a derivative thereof wherein the 2-substituent is an alkyl, an alkene, an alkylbenzyl, an alkylamino, an alkoxy, an alkylhydroxy, an ether, a sulf
• the invention provides a method of using a 2-substituted benzothiazole or a derivative thereof as an activator for use in activating a cyanoacrylate composition, steps of which comprise in any order: providing an activator comprising a 2-substituted benzothiazole or a derivative thereof, and providing a cyanoacrylate, wherein the 2-substituent is an alkyl, an alkene, an alkylbenzyl, an alkylamino, an alkoxy, an alkylhydroxy, an ether, a sulfenamide, a thioalkyl or a thioalkoxy group, with the proviso that the sulfenamide is any sulfenamide other than a sulfenamide having an amide portion that is made from a tert butylamino or a morpholine group.
• Figure 1 Bond Strengths for Two-Part CA's - part B;
• Figure 2 Cure time for adhesive using Composition comprising compound 2 (2-Me BT) as activator;
• Figure 3 Cure time for adhesive using Composition comprising compound 2 (2-MeBT) as activator, after UV exposure;
• Figure 4 Cure time for adhesive using Composition comprising compound 8 (5-CI-2-Me- BT) as activator;
• Figure 5 Cure time for adhesive using Composition comprising compound 8 (5-CI-2-Me- BT) as activator, after UV exposure;
• Figure 6 Cure time for adhesive using Composition comprising compound 9 (2-Me- mercapto BT) as activator;
• Figure 7 Cure time for adhesive using Composition comprising compound 9 2-Me- mercapto BT) as activator, after UV exposure;
• Figure 8 Cure time for adhesive using Composition comprising compound 10 (Santocure MBS) as activator;
• Figure 9 Cure time for adhesive using Composition comprising compound 10 (Santocure MBS) as activator, after UV exposure;
• Figure 10 Cure time for adhesive using Composition comprising compound 12 (Santocure CBS) as activator
• Figure 11 Cure time for adhesive using Composition comprising compound 12 (Santocure CBS) as activator, after UV exposure;
• Figure 12 Cure time for adhesive using Composition comprising compound 14 (DMPT) as activator;
• Figure 13 Cure time for adhesive using Composition comprising compound 14 (DMPT) as activator, after UV exposure;
• Figure 14 Cure time for adhesive using Composition comprising compound 15 (2,2- Dithiodipyridine) as activator;
• Figure 15 Cure time for adhesive using Composition comprising compound 15 (2,2- Dithiodipyridine) as activator, after UV exposure
• Figure 16 Cure time for adhesive using Composition comprising compound 23 (2-[(tert butylamino)thio]benzothiazole as activator;
• Figure 17 Cure time for adhesive using Composition comprising compound 23 (2-[(tert butylamino)thio]benzothiazole as activator, after UV exposure.
• the aim was to find replacement activators for N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide that would provide for better cure times and/or activators which will not be UV or water sensitive.
• the activator "B Part” was substituted with individual compounds as shown in Table 1 and mixed with triacetin before mixing with "A Part".
• Part A LOCTITE 431 (a medium viscosity cyanoacrylate);
• Fixture times testing was then carried out on a variety of substrates (mild steel, aluminium, PVC and PC), using a number of compositions comprising activators which produced a good initial gel time result.
• the results of the Fixture Time Testing are presented in Table 3.
• Fixture speed is the time from joining the 2 substrates (each of which have a width of 1 inch and are aligned together with 0.5 inch overlap) sufficient to hold a 3kg weight. All fixture time tests were carried out at room temperature. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) was used to wipe the test substrate prior to activator application.
• IPA Isopropyl alcohol
• Part B Gel time (after UV exposure)
• composition comprising the following activators are suitable for use in UV blocking pack.
• thermocouple Approximately 0.6 g of each material was used. 0.6g of material was dispensed through a static mixer into a test-tube (12 x 75 mm pyrex) and a thermocouple then inserted into the test-tube. Temperature increase from insertion of the thermocouple over time is recorded. The samples were tested before and after UV exposure for 7 days. The results can be seen in Figures 2 to 17.
• Adhesive performance was assessed using standard lap shear strength tests (ASTM D1002-05).
• Adhesive bond strength is determined by stressing a single adhesive overlap joint with the application of a tensile force parallel to the bond area and to the major axis of the test specimen. These were performed on (metal to metal) 1 x 4 x 0.063 inch mild steel and aluminium substrates with 0.5 sq. inch overlap of the substrate, and the 2-part cyanoacrylate sample between the substrate. The cyanoacrylate sample was allowed to cure at room temperature for the time indicated below. The resulting bond strengths were measured using an Instron instrument with the following test conditions: MS and Al, IPA wipe, 24 hour cure at RT. Results obtained can be observed in Figure 1.

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