WO2010038462A1 - 半導体デバイス用基板、半導体デバイス装置、設計システム、製造方法、および設計方法 - Google Patents
半導体デバイス用基板、半導体デバイス装置、設計システム、製造方法、および設計方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010038462A1 WO2010038462A1 PCT/JP2009/005069 JP2009005069W WO2010038462A1 WO 2010038462 A1 WO2010038462 A1 WO 2010038462A1 JP 2009005069 W JP2009005069 W JP 2009005069W WO 2010038462 A1 WO2010038462 A1 WO 2010038462A1
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- thin film
- semiconductor device
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/20—Deposition of semiconductor materials on a substrate, e.g. epitaxial growth solid phase epitaxy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02612—Formation types
- H01L21/02617—Deposition types
- H01L21/02636—Selective deposition, e.g. simultaneous growth of mono- and non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials
- H01L21/02639—Preparation of substrate for selective deposition
- H01L21/02642—Mask materials other than SiO2 or SiN
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/0237—Materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02439—Materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02612—Formation types
- H01L21/02617—Deposition types
- H01L21/02636—Selective deposition, e.g. simultaneous growth of mono- and non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66409—Unipolar field-effect transistors
- H01L29/66477—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET
- H01L29/66742—Thin film unipolar transistors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device substrate (Semiconductor Device Wafer), a semiconductor device device, a design system, a manufacturing method, and a design method.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a semiconductor device substrate in which a GaAs substrate, an AlGaAs buffer layer, a GaAs channel layer, and a GaAs contact layer are arranged in this order.
- a crystalline thin film of a compound semiconductor is formed by a vapor phase epitaxial growth method (sometimes referred to as a VPE method).
- the film quality and film thickness of the thin film be uniform.
- the growth of the thin film involves various phenomena such as heat transfer in the reaction vessel, mass transfer of raw materials or reaction intermediates, gas phase reaction, and surface reaction. For this reason, it is difficult to make the film forming environment uniform.
- the growth rate of the thin film depends on the size, shape, etc. of the thin film, so that it is more difficult to manufacture a uniform thin film.
- the present invention aims to solve at least one of these problems.
- a device thin film for forming a semiconductor device and the device thin film are surrounded to inhibit the precursor of the device thin film from growing into a crystal.
- a semiconductor device substrate comprising: an inhibition portion; and a sacrificial growth portion formed by sacrificial growth of a precursor on a crystal, the sacrificial growth portion provided around the device thin film and separated by the inhibition portion Provided.
- a protective film that covers the upper part of the sacrificial growth part and exposes the upper part of the device thin film may be further provided.
- this protective film for example, polyimide or a laminated film in which a silicon nitride film and a silicon nitride film are laminated can be used.
- a plurality of sacrificial growth portions may be provided around the device thin film in a point-symmetric manner around the device thin film.
- Each of the device thin film and the plurality of sacrificial growth portions preferably has the same shape. In this case, each of the device thin film and the plurality of sacrificial growth portions may be provided at equal intervals in two orthogonal directions on the base substrate on which the device thin film is formed.
- a semiconductor device substrate further comprising a silicon base substrate, wherein a compound semiconductor crystal is grown as a device thin film on the base substrate silicon.
- a compound semiconductor crystal is grown as a device thin film on the base substrate silicon.
- Each of the device thin film and the sacrificial growth portion is lattice-matched or pseudo-lattice-matched to Si x Ge 1-x (0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1) crystal-grown on the base substrate silicon and Si x Ge 1-x 3 -5 group compound semiconductor.
- the crystal growth surface of the silicon device thin film is crystallographically equivalent to the (100) plane, (110) plane, (111) plane, (100) plane, (110) It may have an off angle inclined from any one crystal plane selected from a plane crystallographically equivalent to a plane and a plane (111) crystallographically equivalent.
- the maximum width of the device thin film is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the inhibition part preferably has a maximum width of 400 ⁇ m or less.
- a semiconductor substrate having a base substrate and an insulating layer functioning as an inhibition portion is prepared, the size, shape, and arrangement of the sacrificial growth portion are determined based on the required specifications of the device thin film, and the opening that exposes the base substrate
- An opening in which the device thin film is provided and an opening in which the sacrificial growth portion is to be provided are formed in the insulating layer, and an opening in which the device thin film is provided and the sacrificial growth portion are provided in the inside.
- a semiconductor device substrate is produced by simultaneously crystal growth of the device thin film and the sacrificial growth portion at each power opening.
- a semiconductor device is formed on the device thin film, other semiconductor devices that can be used by a user who uses the completed semiconductor device are not formed in the sacrificial growth portion.
- a TEG may be formed in the sacrificial growth portion.
- a semiconductor device device can be obtained by dicing the semiconductor device substrate.
- the semiconductor device that can be used by the user is not formed on the sacrificial crystal.
- the sacrificial crystal may be a single crystal or a polycrystal.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a semiconductor device substrate 100.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a semiconductor device substrate 100.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of a semiconductor device substrate 100 and a semiconductor device 460.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a method for designing a semiconductor device substrate 100.
- FIG. 6 is a process diagram showing manufacturing steps of the semiconductor device substrate 100 and the semiconductor device 460.
- 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a board design system 600.
- FIG. It is a graph which shows an example of the correlation between the film thickness of a thin film, and the magnitude
- 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the growth rate of the device thin film 3004 and the width of the inhibition portion 3002. It is the graph which showed the relationship between the growth rate of the thin film 3004 for devices, and an area ratio.
- 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the growth rate of the device thin film 3004 and the width of the inhibition portion 3002. It is the graph which showed the relationship between the growth rate of the thin film 3004 for devices, and an area ratio.
- 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the growth rate of the device thin film 3004 and the width of the inhibition portion 3002. It is the graph which showed the relationship between the growth rate of the thin film 3004 for devices, and an area ratio.
- FIG. 2 It is a top view which expands and shows the part of the three HBT elements 3150 enclosed with the broken line in FIG. 2 is a laser micrograph of an observed region of an HBT element 3150. It is the top view shown in order of the manufacturing process of HBT3100. It is the top view shown in order of the manufacturing process of HBT3100. It is the top view shown in order of the manufacturing process of HBT3100. It is the top view shown in order of the manufacturing process of HBT3100. It is the top view shown in order of the manufacturing process of HBT3100. It is the top view shown in order of the manufacturing process of HBT3100. It is a graph which shows the data which measured the various characteristics of manufactured HBT3100. It is a graph which shows the data which measured the various characteristics of manufactured HBT3100.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a semiconductor device substrate 100.
- the semiconductor device substrate 100 includes a base substrate 110, a device thin film 112 for forming a semiconductor device, an inhibitor 114 that inhibits the precursor of the device thin film 112 from growing into a crystal, and the precursor And a sacrificial growth portion 116 sacrificially grown on the crystal.
- the base substrate 110 is a Si substrate, but other examples include an SOI (Silicon on Insulator) substrate, a Ge substrate, a GOI (Germanium on Insulator) substrate, a GaAs substrate, an InP substrate, a glass substrate, a sapphire substrate, It may be a ceramic substrate or a plastic substrate.
- the device thin film 112 grows on the base substrate 110 inside the opening formed in the inhibition portion 114. Thereby, the device thin film 112 is surrounded by the inhibition portion 114.
- the device thin film 112 is disposed so that the center of the device thin film 112 and the center of the inhibition portion 114 substantially coincide with each other.
- the device thin film 112 is a compound semiconductor used for forming a semiconductor device.
- the planar shape of the device thin film 112 is a square, but the planar shape of the device thin film 112 may be a rectangle, a polygon, a circle, or an ellipse.
- the device thin film 112 is formed by a chemical vapor deposition method (sometimes referred to as a CVD method), such as Si x Ge 1-x (0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1), or a 3-layer such as GaAs, AlGaAs, or InGaP. It may be a Group 5 compound semiconductor.
- the device thin film 112 is doped with various dopants to form a plurality of thin film layers such as a buffer layer, an active layer, or a contact layer of a semiconductor device. Thus, the device thin film 112 constitutes a part of the semiconductor device.
- the device thin film 112 may be annealed.
- the device thin film 112 may have a seed layer of Si x Ge 1-x (0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1) in contact with the base substrate 110.
- the seed layer is formed by an epitaxial growth method.
- the device thin film 112 may be formed by stacking a plurality of Si x Ge 1-x layers (0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1). The composition of the plurality of Si x Ge 1-x layers may be such that the value of x is closer to 1 as the base substrate 110 is closer.
- An InGaP buffer layer may be formed in contact with the seed layer by an epitaxial growth method.
- An active layer of GaAs may be formed by an epitaxial growth method in contact with the InGaP buffer layer.
- a GaAs contact layer is formed by epitaxial growth in contact with the GaAs.
- the film thickness of the device thin film 112 is, for example, 5 nm to 15 ⁇ m.
- film thickness or layer thickness represents the average thickness of a thin film or layer. The film thickness is measured by observing the crystal in cross-section at two or more places with a transmission electron microscope or a scanning electron microscope, and the average thickness can be obtained by averaging the measured values.
- Semiconductor devices formed in the device thin film 112 include, for example, MOS transistors, heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT), high electron mobility transistors (HEMT), semiconductor lasers, light emitting diodes, light emitting thyristors, light receiving diodes, and solar cells. Active devices such as resistors, or passive devices such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors.
- the inhibition portion 114 On the surface of the inhibition portion 114, the deposition of the thin film layer due to the precursor of the device thin film 112 is suppressed. Thereby, the crystal growth of the device thin film 112 is inhibited in the region where the inhibition portion 114 is formed.
- the inhibition portion 114 is, for example, an insulating layer of SiO 2 formed on the main surface of the base substrate 110, and the Si x Ge 1-x (0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1) or the group 3-5 compound semiconductor thin film 112 for a device. Inhibits the crystal growth of the precursor.
- the inhibition portion 114 may be a nitride film such as Si 3 N 4 , TaN, or Ti 3 N 4 .
- the inhibition portions 114 are rectangular, and a plurality of inhibition portions 114 are arranged at equal intervals on the main surface of the base substrate 110.
- the base substrate 110 may be a Si substrate.
- the inhibition portion 114 is a SiO 2 insulating layer having a square planar shape and has a layer thickness of 0.05 to 5 ⁇ m.
- One thin film 112 for devices and eight sacrificial growth portions 116 are formed inside the inhibition portion 114.
- the sacrificial growth portion 116 stabilizes the crystal growth of the device thin film 112 by sacrificing the precursor of the device thin film 112 to the crystal. Thereby, the film quality and film thickness of the device thin film 112 are stabilized.
- sacrificial growth refers to crystal growth of a precursor of a semiconductor device without the purpose of forming another device that can be used by a user who uses the completed semiconductor device formed on the device thin film 112. It means to make it.
- the sacrificial growth portion 116 may be a single crystal of the same quality as the device thin film 112, a low quality crystal having more lattice defects than the device thin film 112, or a polycrystalline.
- the sacrificial growth portion 116 is formed in a region of the base substrate 110 where the inhibition portion 114 is not formed. More specifically, the sacrificial growth portion 116 is formed in the opening of the inhibition portion 114 in the vicinity of the device thin film 112. As a result, the sacrificial growth portion 116 is formed in a region separated by the inhibition portion 114 around the device thin film 112.
- the planar shape of the sacrificial growth portion 116 in FIG. 1 is a rectangle, but may be another polygon, a circle, an ellipse, or an oval.
- a plurality of sacrificial growth portions 116 are provided around the device thin film 112 and surrounding the device thin film 112.
- the sacrificial growth portion 116 is provided point-symmetrically around the device thin film 112.
- the sacrificial growth portion 116 has the same size and planar shape as the device thin film 112, but as another example, the sacrificial growth portion 116 may be formed in a band shape.
- the device thin film 112 or the sacrificial growth portion 116 has the same shape, it is more preferable that these are provided at equal intervals in two orthogonal directions on the base substrate 110. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, three rows of openings are arranged in parallel to one side of the obstruction part 114 having a rectangular outer shape, and three rows of openings are arranged in parallel to the other side of the inhibition part 114.
- the device thin film 112 or the sacrificial growth portion 116 is formed at equal intervals in the opening of the 3 rows ⁇ 3 columns.
- Each of the device thin film 112 and the sacrificial growth portion 116 is lattice-matched or pseudo-lattice to Si x Ge 1-x (0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1) and Si x Ge 1-x crystal-grown on the silicon of the base substrate 110. And matched Group 3-5 compound semiconductors.
- Semiconductor devices formed on the device thin film 112 are, for example, MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor), HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor), pseudomorphic HEMT (Pseudomorphic HEMT), MESFET (Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor). is there.
- MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
- HEMT High Electron Mobility Transistor
- pseudomorphic HEMT Pseudomorphic HEMT
- MESFET Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
- the sacrificial growth part 116 other semiconductor devices that can be used by a user who uses a completed semiconductor device are not formed.
- the sacrificial growth portion 116 can be used as an inspection region for inspecting the crystallinity of the device thin film 112.
- a TEG (Test116Element Group) or an evaluation element may be formed in the sacrificial growth portion 116. This evaluation element is used when investigating the characteristics of the device thin film 112 or the influence of the device thin film 112 on the electrical characteristics of the semiconductor device.
- the TEG or evaluation element may be a passive element or an active element.
- a semiconductor device device is fabricated by dicing the semiconductor device substrate 100 including the device thin film 112 and the sacrificial growth portion 116.
- the semiconductor device substrate 100 may include a protective film that covers the upper portion of the sacrificial growth portion 116 and exposes the upper portion of the device thin film 112.
- the protective film is, for example, an insulating film including polyimide, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a laminated composite thereof.
- the protective film may be formed by laminating polyimide on a laminated composite of a silicon oxide film and a silicon nitride film.
- the laminated composite of the silicon oxide film and the silicon nitride film is formed by, for example, an ion beam sputtering method.
- the polyimide is applied by, for example, a spin coating method.
- FIG. 2 shows another example of a plan view of the semiconductor device substrate 100. Since the basic configuration of the semiconductor device substrate 100 shown in FIG. 2 is the same as that of the semiconductor device substrate 100 shown in FIG. 1, only differences from FIG. 1 will be described. In this figure, the sacrificial growth portion 116 is not formed inside the inhibition portion 114.
- the inhibition part 114 is an insulating layer of SiO 2 having a square planar shape, and has a layer thickness of 1 ⁇ m.
- One thin film 112 for a device having a square planar shape is formed inside each inhibition portion 114.
- the device thin film 112 is disposed at the center of the inhibition portion 114, and the sacrificial growth portion 116 is provided in a region of the base substrate 110 where the inhibition portion 114 is not formed.
- the length L 2 of the inhibition portion 114, the width W 2 of the inhibition portion 114, the distances L 3 and W 3 between adjacent inhibition portions 114 are the length L of the device thin film 112. 1 , determined based on the width W 1 of the device thin film 112, the composition of the thin film formed on the device thin film 112, and the film thickness of the thin film.
- the distances L 4 and W 4 between the device thin film 112 and the inhibition portion 114 are similarly determined.
- the size and shape of the sacrificial growth portion 116 are determined by determining the sizes L 2 and W 2 of the inhibition portion 114.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the semiconductor device substrate 100 and the semiconductor device 460 manufactured on the semiconductor device substrate 100. Since the basic configuration of the semiconductor device substrate 100 shown in FIG. 3 is the same as the configuration of the semiconductor device substrate 100 shown in FIG. 1, only differences from the configuration shown in FIG. 1 will be described.
- the semiconductor device substrate 100 includes a plurality of semiconductor devices 460 manufactured on the base substrate 110.
- One inhibition portion 114 is formed in each of the semiconductor devices 460, and a plurality of device thin films 812 or a plurality of device thin films 822 and a device thin film 812 or a device thin film 822 are formed in one inhibition portion 114.
- a plurality of surrounding sacrificial growth portions 116 are formed.
- a semiconductor layer is formed on the device thin films 812 and 822, and a semiconductor device is formed using the semiconductor layer.
- the device thin film 822 includes a core region 824 and a sub-region 826.
- the core region 824 is provided near the center of the inhibition portion 114 as compared to the sub region 826. Therefore, the film quality of the core region 824 is more homogeneous than the film quality of the sub-region 826.
- the core region 824 is used as an active region of an active element, and a passive element is formed in the sub region 826.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of a method for designing the semiconductor device substrate 100 shown in FIGS.
- the required specifications of the semiconductor device are determined (S202).
- the required specification of the semiconductor device is, for example, the type, structure, or arrangement of the semiconductor device.
- the type of semiconductor device is, for example, an active element such as a transistor or a passive element such as a resistor or a capacitor.
- the structure of the semiconductor device is, for example, a MOS transistor, HBT, HEMT or the like when the semiconductor device is a transistor.
- Another example of the required specification of the semiconductor device is the type of the base substrate 110 or the specification of the active layer.
- the specifications of the active layer are, for example, the arrangement of the active layer, the layer thickness, the composition, the type of dopant, the doping amount, the resistivity, and the breakdown voltage.
- the required specifications of the device thin film 112 are determined based on the required specifications of the semiconductor device (S204).
- the required specification of the device thin film 112 is, for example, the size, shape, arrangement, resistivity, or breakdown voltage of the device thin film 112.
- size may include not only length and width but also area, volume, height, depth, and thickness.
- the size and arrangement of the device thin film 112 are determined based on, for example, the size, number, and arrangement of the active regions of the semiconductor device.
- the required specifications of the device thin film 112 may further include the structure, composition, dopant, doping amount, film thickness, and growth rate of the thin film. More specifically, the required specifications of the device thin film 112 include the structure, composition, dopant, doping amount, etc. of the thin film layer used as the active region and the buffer layer disposed between the thin film layer and the base substrate 110. And a film thickness may be included.
- the design specifications of the inhibition part 114 and the sacrificial growth part 116 are determined based on the required specifications of the device thin film 112 (S206).
- the design specifications of the inhibition part 114 and the sacrificial growth part 116 are, for example, their size, shape, arrangement, material, and thickness.
- the mutual relationship between the required specifications of the device thin film 112 and the design specifications of the inhibition unit 114 and the sacrificial growth unit 116 is stored in advance in the semiconductor device substrate design system, and the stored mutual relationship is referred to for the device.
- the design specification of the inhibition unit 114 may be determined based on the required specification of the thin film 112.
- the interrelation includes, for example, the area ratio or positional relationship of the device thin film 112, the inhibition portion 114, and the sacrificial growth portion 116.
- the mutual relationship may include the area ratio or the positional relationship for each type and film thickness of the device thin film 112.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device substrate 100 and the semiconductor device 460.
- the semiconductor device substrate 100 is manufactured by the substrate manufacturing process S440
- the semiconductor device 460 is manufactured by the semiconductor device manufacturing process S420 and the substrate manufacturing process S440.
- the semiconductor device manufacturing process S420 includes a specification determining process S422, a device design process S424, and a device manufacturing process S426.
- the substrate manufacturing process S440 includes an area design process S442, an area determination process S444, a mask design process S446, and a thin film formation process S448.
- a required specification of a device to be formed on the device thin film 112 is determined. For example, the size, shape and arrangement of the active region of the semiconductor device and the composition and thickness of the device thin film 112 used as the active region are determined. Next, the required specifications of the device thin film 112 are obtained based on the required specifications of the semiconductor device.
- design specification candidates for the inhibition portion 114 and the sacrificial growth portion 116 are calculated based on the required specifications of the device thin film 112. For example, the length L 2 of the inhibition part 114, the width W 2 of the inhibition part 114, the distances L 3 and W 3 between adjacent inhibition parts 114, and the distances L 4 and W 4 between the device thin film 112 and the inhibition part 114. Is required. Moreover, the thickness of the inhibition part 114 may be calculated
- the required specifications of the device thin film 112 and the design specifications candidates of the inhibition portion 114 and the sacrificial growth portion 116 may be unique values or have a certain range.
- the center of the device thin film 112 is calculated so as to coincide with the center of the active region of the semiconductor device.
- the design specification has a certain range, for example, the allowable ranges of the sizes L 2 and W 2 of the inhibition unit 114 are calculated.
- the size of the device thin film 112 or the thickness of the inhibition portion 114 may be calculated so that it can be selected according to the maximum temperature allowable in design.
- the sacrificial growth portion 116 may be formed inside the inhibition portion 114. At this time, the range of the area of the sacrificial growth portion 116 formed on the source gas supply side with reference to the device thin film 112 and the area range of the sacrificial growth portion 116 formed on the side opposite to the supply side. And may have different ranges.
- the thickness of the inhibition portion may be calculated so that the height of the sacrificial growth portion 116 is substantially the same as the height of the device thin film 112.
- a semiconductor device is designed based on the required specifications of the device thin film 112 and the candidate design specifications of the inhibition part 114 and the sacrificial growth part 116 obtained in the area design process S442.
- the required specifications of the semiconductor device are changed, and the specification determination process S422, the area design process again.
- S442 and device design step S424 may be performed.
- the device thin film 112, the inhibition portion 114, and the sacrificial growth based on the required specifications of the device thin film 112 and the design specifications of the inhibition portion 114 and the sacrifice growth portion 116 designed in the device design step S424.
- the design specifications of the unit 116 are determined.
- the semiconductor device substrate 100 includes the inhibition portion 114 and the sacrificial growth portion 116, whereby the film thickness and film quality of the device thin film 112 can be made uniform.
- the semiconductor device substrate 100 and the semiconductor device 460 are efficiently designed by sharing the design specifications of the inhibition portion 114 and the sacrificial growth portion 116 between the semiconductor device manufacturing step S420 and the substrate manufacturing step S440. .
- a mask used for patterning the inhibition portion 114 is designed based on the required specifications of the device thin film 112 determined in the region determination step S444 and the design specifications of the inhibition portion 114 and the sacrificial growth portion 116. More specifically, the mask is based on the size, shape, and arrangement of the inhibition portion 114 and the sacrificial growth portion 116 included in the design specifications of the inhibition portion 114 and the sacrificial growth portion 116, and the required specifications of the device thin film 112. Designed.
- a base substrate 110 having silicon and an insulating layer covering at least part of the silicon is prepared.
- the insulating layer has SiO 2 on the surface and inhibits crystal growth of the device thin film 112.
- the insulating layer is patterned by photolithography, etching, or the like.
- an opening in which the device thin film 112 is to be provided and an opening in which the sacrificial growth portion 116 is to be provided are provided to form the inhibition portion 114.
- the opening penetrates the base substrate 110 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the semiconductor device substrate 100.
- the “substantially vertical direction” includes not only a strictly vertical direction but also a direction slightly inclined from the vertical in consideration of manufacturing errors of the substrate and each member.
- the insulating layer may be divided at regular intervals by patterning.
- each of the plurality of divided insulating layers functions as the inhibition portion 114.
- Each inhibition portion 114 may be rectangular, polygonal, circular, elliptical, or oval.
- the precursor of the device thin film 112 can be grown on the crystal.
- the device thin film 112 or the sacrificial growth portion is formed inside each of the plurality of openings under the condition that the reaction of the precursor of the device thin film 112 is rate-limiting or the condition that the supply of the precursor is rate-limiting. 116 is simultaneously selectively epitaxially grown.
- the device thin film 112 is formed by a CVD method. However, as another example, the PVD method may be used.
- the device thin film 112 and the sacrificial growth portion 116 grow using the silicon of the base substrate 110 exposed in the opening as a growth nucleus.
- the device thin film 112 may contain Si x Ge 1-x (0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1), and further grows using a Si x Ge 1-x (0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1) as a growth nucleus. May be included.
- a buffer layer of InGaP or a separation layer obtained by oxidizing a Group 3-5 compound semiconductor containing Al may be disposed.
- Si x Ge 1-x and the Group 3-5 compound semiconductor are electrically separated, and a material having a lattice constant close to that of Si x Ge 1-x and the Group 3-5 compound semiconductor is appropriately selected.
- the group 3-5 compound semiconductor is formed, for example, under the condition that the supply of the precursor of the group 3-5 compound semiconductor is rate-limiting.
- Crystal growth in the CVD method includes (a) transport of raw material molecules to the substrate surface, (b) chemical reaction at and near the substrate surface, (c) crystal nucleus generation and crystal growth of the thin film, and (d) reaction. Proceed with removal of by-products. That is, the source gas supplied into the reaction apparatus generates a precursor which is a reaction intermediate by a gas phase reaction. The produced precursor diffuses in the gas phase and is adsorbed on the substrate surface. The precursor adsorbed on the substrate surface is deposited as a solid film by surface diffusion on the substrate surface.
- the film formation speed by the CVD method is determined by a combination of the physical process speed and the chemical process speed (a) to (d) above.
- the reaction rate of (b) is sufficiently faster than the raw material transport rate of (a)
- the film formation rate is proportional to the raw material transport amount and does not greatly depend on the growth temperature.
- supply limited or diffusion limited Such a situation is called supply limited or diffusion limited.
- the reaction rate of (b) is slower than the raw material transport rate of (a)
- the film formation rate greatly depends on the growth temperature. This situation is called reaction rate limiting.
- the supply rate of the precursor to the device thin film 112 can be controlled by controlling the supply rate of the raw material.
- the supply rate of the precursor to the device thin film 112 can be controlled by controlling the growth temperature or by controlling the concentration ratio of the source gases including the carrier gas. .
- the supply rate of the precursor By controlling the supply rate of the precursor, the growth rate and film quality of the device thin film 112 can be controlled.
- the sacrificial growth portion 116 may be shaved after the device thin film 112 and the sacrificial growth portion 116 are grown. For example, the sacrificial growth portion 116 is removed by etching. After the sacrificial growth portion 116 is removed, another semiconductor that can be used by a user who uses a completed semiconductor device formed in the device thin film 112 is disposed in the region where the sacrificial growth portion 116 is disposed. A device may be formed. However, in the case where the sacrificial growth portion 116 is stored without being scraped, a device for testing a semiconductor device formed on the device thin film 112 may be formed.
- the sacrificial growth portion 116 may be covered with a protective film.
- the protective film is, for example, an insulating film including polyimide, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a laminated composite thereof.
- a Si substrate is used as the base substrate 110
- a Ge substrate or a GOI substrate may be used as the base substrate 110.
- the Ge substrate or GOI substrate may have Si Y Ge 1-Y (0 ⁇ Y ⁇ 1).
- the semiconductor layer formed in the device thin film 112 and the sacrificial growth portion 116 is grown using Si Y Ge 1-Y of the base substrate 110 exposed in the opening in which the device thin film 112 is provided as a growth nucleus.
- a group 5 compound semiconductor may be included. Between the Si Y Ge 1-Y and the Group 3-5 compound semiconductor, an InGaP buffer layer or the separation layer may be disposed.
- a semiconductor device is manufactured by forming a semiconductor device on the semiconductor device substrate 100 manufactured in the substrate manufacturing process S440 based on the design of the semiconductor device designed in the device design process S424.
- the semiconductor device is formed on the device thin film 112 using various semiconductor manufacturing processes.
- Each process described in FIG. 5 may be realized by hardware, or may be realized by a combination of hardware and software that controls the hardware. That is, according to the above description, a semiconductor device manufacturing system including a semiconductor device manufacturing unit and a substrate manufacturing unit is disclosed.
- the semiconductor device manufacturing department performs a semiconductor device manufacturing process S420.
- the board manufacturing unit performs a board manufacturing process S440.
- the semiconductor device manufacturing department has a specification determining part, a device designing part, and a device manufacturing part.
- the specification determination unit, the device design unit, and the device manufacturing unit execute a specification determination step S422, a device design step S424, and a device manufacturing step S426, respectively.
- the substrate manufacturing section has an area design section, an area determination section, a mask design section, and a thin film formation section.
- the region design unit, the region determination unit, the mask design unit, and the thin film formation unit execute a region design step S442, a region determination step S444, a mask design step S446, and a thin film formation step S448, respectively.
- the semiconductor manufacturing unit and the substrate manufacturing unit may be connected by a wired or wireless network, and information output from the semiconductor manufacturing unit may be input to the substrate manufacturing unit. Further, information output from the substrate manufacturing unit may be input to the semiconductor manufacturing unit.
- FIG. 6 shows a substrate design system 600 used for designing the semiconductor device substrate 100.
- the board design system 600 includes an input unit 610, a first storage unit 622, a second storage unit 632, a first specification calculation unit 620, a second specification calculation unit 630, and a specification storage unit 640. And an output unit 650.
- the substrate design system 600 designs the semiconductor device substrate 100 in the region design step S442 shown in FIG. When the required specifications of the semiconductor device are input, the substrate design system 600 outputs the required specifications of the device thin film 112 and the design specifications of the inhibition unit 114 and the sacrificial growth unit 116.
- the required specifications of the semiconductor device are input to the input unit 610.
- the input unit 610 may include an input device such as a keyboard and a mouse.
- the input unit 610 may include a communication interface and a network communication device, and may receive the data via a telecommunication line such as a dedicated communication network or the Internet.
- a telecommunication line such as a dedicated communication network or the Internet.
- the specifications of the semiconductor device for example, the type of the base substrate 110, the specification of the active layer of the active element formed in the device thin film 112, and the like are input.
- the specifications of the active layer include, for example, arrangement, layer thickness, composition, dopant type, doping amount, resistivity, breakdown voltage, and the like.
- the first storage unit 622 provides a correlation between the composition, size, shape, and arrangement of the active layer and the size, shape, and arrangement of the device thin film 112 as an example of the required specifications of the device thin film 112. I remember it.
- the correlation may be a correlation between characteristics such as the mobility or resistivity of the active layer and the composition, film thickness, and doping amount of the device thin film 112.
- the first storage unit 622 stores the interrelationships in a table.
- the first specification calculation unit 620 calculates a required specification of the device thin film 112 based on the correlation stored in the first storage unit 622 and the input required specification of the semiconductor device. The calculated required specification is stored in the specification storage unit 640.
- the aspect ratio of the device thin film 112 is a value obtained by dividing “the film thickness of the device thin film 112” by “the smaller value of the length L1 or the width W1 of the device thin film 112”.
- the second specification calculation unit 630 calculates the design specifications of the inhibition unit 114 and the sacrificial growth unit 116 based on the required specifications of the device thin film 112 calculated by the first specification calculation unit 620.
- Precipitation of the precursor of the device thin film 112 on the surface of the inhibition portion 114 is inhibited. For this reason, the precursor once adsorbed on the surface of the inhibition part 114 diffuses on the surface of the inhibition part 114. A part of the precursor diffusing through the inhibition portion 114 reaches the device thin film 112 and is deposited as a solid film inside the device thin film 112. Another part of the precursor reaches the sacrificial growth portion 116 and is deposited as a solid film inside the sacrificial growth portion 116. Further, another part of the precursor diffuses outside the inhibition portion 114 and precipitates as a solid film in a region where the inhibition portion 114 is not formed. When the size of the device thin film 112 is sufficiently small compared to the size of the inhibition portion 114, most of the precursor supplied to the device thin film 112 is supplied by diffusion on the surface of the inhibition portion 114.
- the ratio of the area of the device thin film 112 to the area of the inhibition portion 114 is smaller, the number of precursors supplied to the unit area of the device thin film 112 increases, so the deposition rate increases.
- the larger the ratio of the area of the sacrificial growth portion 116 to the area of the inhibition portion 114 the lower the precursor that can reach the device thin film 112, so the deposition rate decreases.
- the distance from the peripheral portion of the device thin film 112 to the sacrificial growth portion 116 is longer, the precursor supplied to the device thin film 112 is increased, so that the deposition rate is increased.
- the growth rate of the device thin film 112 is a required specification
- the area ratio of the inhibition portion 114 to the device thin film 112 and the sacrificial growth portion 116 and the distance from the peripheral portion of the device thin film 112 to the sacrificial growth portion 116 are the design specifications.
- the mutual relationship between the required specification and the design specification may be stored in the second storage unit 632 in advance.
- the specifications of the inhibition unit 114 and the sacrificial growth unit 116 calculated by the second specification calculation unit 630 are transmitted to the specification storage unit 640 and stored in the specification storage unit 640.
- the second specification calculation unit 630 calculates the material, thickness, size, shape, and arrangement of the inhibition unit 114 and the size, shape, and arrangement of the sacrificial growth unit 116.
- the second specification calculation unit 630 calculates the design specifications of the inhibition unit 114 and the sacrificial growth unit 116 based on the mutual relationship stored in the second storage unit 632.
- the correlation stored in the second storage unit 632 may be a correlation between the required specifications of the device thin film 112 and the design specifications of the inhibition unit 114 and the sacrificial growth unit 116.
- the second storage unit 632 stores the interrelationships in a table.
- the specification storage unit 640 stores the design specifications of the device thin film 112, the inhibition unit 114, and the sacrificial growth unit 116 calculated by the first specification calculation unit 620 and the second specification calculation unit 630.
- the specification storage unit 640, the first storage unit 622, and the second storage unit 632 may be storage devices such as a hard disk and a semiconductor memory.
- the specification storage unit 640, the first storage unit 622, and the second storage unit 632 may be storage devices such as a hard disk and a semiconductor memory provided in a server system connected to a dedicated communication network or the Internet. .
- the output unit 650 outputs the device thin film 112 stored in the specification storage unit 640 and the design specifications of the inhibition unit 114 and the sacrificial growth unit 116, for example, the arrangement and size of the inhibition unit 114 and the sacrificial growth unit 116.
- the output unit 650 may include an output device such as a display device or a printer.
- the output unit 650 may have a communication interface and a network communication device, and may transmit the data via a telecommunication line such as a dedicated communication network or the Internet.
- the board design system 600 may be realized by hardware or software.
- the substrate design system 600 may be a system specialized in designing a semiconductor device substrate, or may be a general-purpose information processing apparatus such as a PC.
- a general-purpose information processing apparatus such as a PC.
- an information processing device having a general configuration including a data processing device having a CPU, ROM, RAM, communication interface, etc., an input device, an output device, and a storage device, software that defines the operation of each of the above units
- the board design system 600 can be realized by starting the wear.
- the board design system 600 may be provided by a board design program that realizes the board design system 600 by controlling the information processing apparatus as described above or a recording medium that records the board design program.
- a recording medium a magnetic recording medium such as a floppy (registered trademark) disk or a hard disk, an optical recording medium such as a CD-ROM, a magneto-optical recording medium such as an MD, or a semiconductor memory such as an IC card can be used.
- a storage device such as a hard disk or a RAM provided in a server system connected to a dedicated communication network or the Internet may be used as a recording medium, and the program may be provided to the information processing device via the network.
- the specialized system and the information processing apparatus may be configured by a single computer, or may be configured by a plurality of computers distributed on a network.
- the board design program is read from the recording medium into the information processing apparatus and controls the operation of the information processing apparatus.
- the information processing apparatus operates as the substrate design system 600 under the control of the substrate design program, and designs the semiconductor device substrate 100.
- the following semiconductor device substrate manufacturing apparatus That is, a thin film for forming a semiconductor device, an inhibiting part that inhibits the precursor of the thin film from growing into a crystal, and a sacrifice that is disposed within a certain distance from the peripheral part of the thin film to stabilize the crystal growth of the thin film.
- An apparatus for manufacturing a substrate for a semiconductor device having a growth section wherein a first specification calculation section for determining a design specification of a thin film based on a required specification of the semiconductor device, and an inhibition based on the design specification of the thin film
- a first specification calculation section for determining a design specification of a thin film based on a required specification of the semiconductor device, and an inhibition based on the design specification of the thin film
- An apparatus for manufacturing a substrate for a semiconductor device comprising: a second specification calculation unit that determines a design specification of a part and a design specification of a sacrificial growth part is disclosed.
- FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the length of one side of the inhibition portion 114 and the film thickness of the device thin film 112 when the device thin film 112 shown in FIG. 2 is formed at a predetermined temperature and a predetermined pressure.
- FIG. 7 shows the above relationship when the inhibition unit 114 has a square planar shape, and the length of one side of the inhibition unit 114 is equal to the distance between the inhibition units 114. In this case, a region of the base substrate 110 where the inhibition portion 114 is not formed functions as the sacrificial growth portion 116.
- the rhombic symbols indicate the film thickness when the device thin film 112 has a square planar shape and L 1 and W 1 in FIG. 2 are 10 ⁇ m.
- the square symbols indicate the film thickness when the device thin film 112 has a square planar shape and L 1 and W 1 are 20 ⁇ m.
- the triangular symbol indicates the film thickness when the device thin film 112 has a rectangular planar shape, L 1 is 30 ⁇ m, and W 1 is 40 ⁇ m.
- the device thin film 112 in order to form the device thin film 112 having a thickness of 10,000 mm on the device thin film 112 having a square planar shape of 10 ⁇ m on a piece, it has a square planar shape with a side length of 50 to 100 ⁇ m. It can be seen that the inhibition portion 114 is formed, and the device thin film 112 is formed in the central portion of the inhibition portion 114. It can also be seen that in the region where the length of one side of the inhibition portion 114 is 50 ⁇ m to 400 ⁇ m, the device thin film 112 is formed under the condition that the supply of the precursor is rate-limiting. That is, since the film formation rate does not depend on the growth temperature in the region, the film formation rate can be determined by the length of the inhibition portion. It can also be seen that when the inhibition length becomes 500 ⁇ m, the film thickness of the device thin film 112 becomes unstable.
- FIG. 8 shows another example of the correlation between the film thickness of the device thin film 112 and the size of the inhibition portion 114 in FIG.
- FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the length of one side of the inhibition portion 114 and the thickness of the device thin film 112 when the device thin film 112 having a predetermined composition is formed at a predetermined temperature and a predetermined pressure.
- a device thin film 112 was formed under the same conditions as in FIG. 7 except that a predetermined dopant was added.
- the rhombic symbols indicate the film thickness when the planar shape of the device thin film 112 is square and L 1 and W 1 in FIG. 2 are 10 ⁇ m.
- the square symbol indicates the film thickness when the planar shape of the device thin film 112 is square and L 1 and W 1 are 20 ⁇ m.
- the triangle symbol indicates the film thickness when the planar shape of the device thin film 112 is rectangular, L 1 is 30 ⁇ m, and W 1 is 40 ⁇ m.
- the second storage unit 632 stores the interrelationships obtained from the data shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 in a table.
- Example 1 The semiconductor device substrate 100 and the semiconductor device 460 shown in FIG. 2 are manufactured by the manufacturing method shown in FIG.
- a substrate for semiconductor devices arranged in order was designed.
- an HBT using the GaAs layer of the semiconductor device substrate 100 as an active layer was designed.
- an HBT using GaAs as a base and a collector and InGaP as an emitter was designed.
- the data in the case of being arranged at equal intervals every 30 ⁇ m in the direction parallel to is input.
- the size of the active layer was set to 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m.
- the film thicknesses of the seed layer and the active layer were set to 0.5 ⁇ m and 3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- an input indicating that an annealing process at 900 ° C. is allowed in the production of the seed layer was input.
- the base substrate 110 was set as a Si substrate.
- the design specifications of the device thin film 112, the inhibition portion 114, and the sacrificial growth portion 116 were calculated.
- the substrate design system 600 first calculates the required specifications of the device thin film 112 based on the required specifications of the semiconductor device, and then determines the inhibition portion 114 and the sacrificial growth portion 116 based on the required specifications of the device thin film 112.
- the design specification was calculated.
- the required specifications of the device thin film 112 determined based on the required specifications of the semiconductor device may be input to the substrate design system 600 to calculate the design specifications of the inhibition unit 114 and the sacrificial growth unit 116.
- an output indicating that 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m device thin film 112 can be arranged at equal intervals every 30 ⁇ m was obtained. Further, it is possible to dispose the inhibition portion 114 of 15 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m in one piece centering on the device thin film 112, that the portion where the inhibition portion 114 of the base substrate 110 is not formed can be used as the sacrificial growth portion 116, and the inhibition portion. An output indicating that the device thin film 112 can be arranged at the center of 114 was obtained. Further, an output indicating that SiO 2 having a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m to 1.0 ⁇ m may be formed as the inhibition portion 114 was obtained.
- the semiconductor device and the mask were designed based on the output of the substrate design system 600.
- the mask was designed so that 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m device thin films 112 were arranged at equal intervals every 30 ⁇ m.
- the inhibition part 114 with a piece of 20 micrometers may be arrange
- the inhibition part 114 was designed so that the center of the device thin film 112 coincides with the center of the inhibition part 114.
- the device thin film 112, the inhibition portion 114, and the sacrificial growth portion 116 were formed on the base substrate 110.
- the seed layer and the active layer were formed by the CVD method, and the semiconductor device substrate 100 was created.
- the seed layer was formed under conditions where the growth temperature was 600 ° C. and the pressure in the reaction vessel was 2.6 kPa.
- the seed layer was annealed at 850 ° C. for 10 minutes after film formation, and then annealed at 780 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- the active layer was formed under conditions where the growth temperature was 650 ° C. and the pressure in the reaction vessel was 9.9 kPa.
- a semiconductor device was formed by forming a semiconductor device on the semiconductor device substrate 100 using the active layer.
- the seed layer had a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m and the active layer had a thickness of 2.5 ⁇ m. Further, when the surface of the active layer was inspected by the etch pit method, no defects were found on the surface of the active layer.
- the semiconductor device 460 was observed for in-plane cross section by TEM, and no defects were found. Also, the semiconductor device 460 operated as designed. As described above, by using the substrate design system 600, the device thin film 112 satisfying the required specifications in both the film thickness and film quality could be formed.
- Example 2 In Example 2, the fact that the growth rate of the device thin film changes by changing the width of the inhibition portion will be described based on the experimental data of the present inventors.
- the growth rate of the device thin film affects the characteristics of the device thin film such as flatness and crystallinity.
- the characteristics of the device thin film strongly influence the performance of the semiconductor device formed in the device thin film. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately control the growth rate of the device thin film so as to satisfy the required characteristics of the device thin film derived from the required specifications of the semiconductor device.
- the experimental data described below shows that the growth rate of the device thin film varies depending on the width of the inhibition portion and the like.
- the shape of the inhibition portion can be designed so that the growth rate of the device thin film becomes an appropriate growth rate derived from the required specifications of the device thin film.
- FIG. 9 shows a planar pattern of the semiconductor device substrate 3000 created in the second embodiment.
- the semiconductor device substrate 3000 includes an inhibition portion 3002, a device thin film 3004, and a sacrificial growth portion 3006 on a base substrate.
- the inhibition part 3002, the device thin film 3004, and the sacrificial growth part 3006 were formed so that the inhibition part 3002 surrounded the device thin film 3004 and the sacrificial growth part 3006 surrounded the inhibition part 3002.
- the inhibition part 3002 was formed so as to have a substantially square outer shape, and a substantially square opening was formed in the central part of the square. One side a of the opening was 30 ⁇ m or 50 ⁇ m.
- the width b of the inhibition part 3002 which is the distance from the outer periphery to the inner periphery of the inhibition part 3002 was changed in the range of 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- Silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) was used as the inhibition portion 3002. Silicon dioxide does not grow epitaxially on its surface under the epitaxial growth conditions for selective MOCVD.
- the inhibition part 3002 was formed by forming a silicon dioxide film on the base substrate using a dry thermal oxidation method and patterning the silicon dioxide film by a photolithography method.
- a compound semiconductor crystal was selectively epitaxially grown on the base substrate other than the inhibition portion 3002 by MOCVD.
- the compound semiconductor crystal epitaxially grown in the opening surrounded by the inhibition portion 3002 is the device thin film 3004, and the compound semiconductor crystal surrounding the inhibition portion 3002 outside the inhibition portion 3002 is the sacrificial growth portion 3006.
- As compound semiconductor crystals GaAs crystals, InGaP crystals or P-type doped GaAs crystals (p-GaAs crystals) were grown. Trimethylgallium (Ga (CH 3 ) 3 ) was used as the Ga material, and arsine (AsH 3 ) was used as the As material.
- Trimethylindium (In (CH 3 ) 3 ) was used as the In raw material, and phosphine (PH 3 ) was used as the P raw material.
- the doping of carbon (C), which is a P-type impurity, was controlled by adjusting the amount of trichloromethane bromide (CBrCl 3 ) added as a dopant.
- the reaction temperature during epitaxial growth was set to 610 ° C.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the growth rate of the device thin film 3004 and the width of the inhibition portion 3002 when GaAs is epitaxially grown as the device thin film 3004 and the sacrificial growth portion 3006.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the growth rate and area ratio of the device thin film 3004 when GaAs is epitaxially grown as the device thin film 3004 and the sacrificial growth portion 3006.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the growth rate of the device thin film 3004 and the width of the inhibition portion 3002 when InGaP is epitaxially grown as the device thin film 3004 and the sacrificial growth portion 3006.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the growth rate and area ratio of the device thin film 3004 when InGaP is epitaxially grown as the device thin film 3004 and the sacrificial growth portion 3006.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between the growth rate of the device thin film 3004 and the width of the inhibition portion 3002 when p-GaAs is epitaxially grown as the device thin film 3004 and the sacrificial growth portion 3006.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the relationship between the growth rate and the area ratio of the device thin film 3004 when p-GaAs is epitaxially grown as the device thin film 3004 and the sacrificial growth portion 3006.
- the vertical axis represents the growth rate ratio of the compound semiconductor crystal.
- the growth rate ratio is the ratio of the growth rate compared to the growth rate in the solid plane when the growth rate in the solid plane without the inhibition part 3002 is 1.
- the area ratio is the ratio of the area of the region in which the device thin film 3004 is formed to the total area of the region in which the device thin film 3004 is formed and the area of the region in which the inhibition part 3002 is formed.
- the plots indicated by black squares or black diamonds indicate actual measurement points.
- the solid line indicates the experimental line.
- the experimental line is a univariate quadratic function, and the coefficient of each polynomial was obtained by the method of least squares.
- the growth rate ratio of the device thin film 3004 when there is no sacrificial growth portion 3006 is indicated by a broken line.
- L1 is the case where the opening area of the inhibition layer 3002 is 50 ⁇ m ⁇
- L2 is the case where the opening area of the inhibition layer 3002 is 30 ⁇ m ⁇ .
- the case where there is no sacrificial growth portion 3006 is a case where the region corresponding to the sacrificial growth portion 3006 is covered with the inhibition layer 3002.
- the growth rate increases as the width of the inhibition portion 3002 increases, and the growth rate increases as the area ratio decreases. Moreover, the experimental line and the measurement point agreed well. Therefore, it can be seen that the inhibition unit 3002 can be designed to achieve a desired growth rate using a quadratic function of the experimental line.
- the width of the inhibition portion 3002 is large, the absolute number of source molecules supplied by surface migration increases, and the growth rate of the device thin film 3004 increases.
- the area ratio of the device thin film 3004 to the total area is small, the source molecules supplied from the inhibition portion 3002 to the device thin film 3004 are relatively increased. Therefore, the growth rate of the device thin film 3004 increases.
- the function of the sacrificial growth unit 3006 can be grasped as follows. That is, if there is no sacrificial growth portion 3006, excessive source molecules are supplied to the device thin film 3004, leading to surface disturbance of the device thin film 3004 and a decrease in crystallinity. In other words, the presence of the sacrificial growth portion 3006 allows the source molecules that have come to the inhibition portion 3002 to be appropriately taken into the sacrificial growth portion 3006 and the supply of the source molecules to the device thin film 3004 is controlled to an appropriate amount. It can be said that the sacrificial growth unit 3006 has a function of suppressing supply of excessive source molecules to the device thin film 3004 by sacrificing and consuming source molecules.
- 16 and 17 are electron micrographs obtained by observing the surface of the semiconductor device substrate 3000 when the off-angle of the base substrate is 2 °.
- FIG. 16 shows the state after epitaxial growth
- FIG. 17 shows the state after annealing.
- 18 and 19 are electron micrographs obtained by observing the surface of the semiconductor device substrate 3000 when the off-angle of the base substrate is 6 °.
- FIG. 18 shows the state after epitaxial growth
- FIG. 19 shows the state after annealing.
- the off-angle refers to an angle at which the surface of silicon that is a base substrate is tilted from the (100) plane that is the crystallographic plane orientation.
- the surface of the crystal when the off angle is 2 ° is less disturbed than the surface of the crystal when the off angle is 6 °. Therefore, an off angle of 2 ° is preferable to an off angle of 6 °.
- the annealed crystal surface was good at any off angle. Therefore, it was found that good crystals can be grown when the off angle is in the range of 2 ° to 6 °.
- FIG. 20 shows a plan view of a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) 3100 manufactured by the inventors.
- the HBT 3100 has a structure in which 20 HBT elements 3150 are connected in parallel.
- FIG. 20 only a part of the base substrate is shown, and only one HBT 3100 part is shown. Test patterns and other semiconductor elements were also formed on the same base substrate, but the description thereof is omitted here.
- the collectors of the 20 HBT elements 3150 were connected in parallel by the collector wiring 3124, the emitters were connected in parallel by the emitter wiring 3126, and the bases were connected in parallel by the base wiring 3128.
- the 20 bases were divided into 4 groups, and 5 bases of each group were connected in parallel.
- the collector wiring 3124 was connected to the collector pad 3130, the emitter wiring 3126 was connected to the emitter pad 3132, and the base wiring 3128 was connected to the base pad 3134.
- the collector wiring 3124, the collector pad 3130, the emitter wiring 3126, and the emitter pad 3132 are formed in the same first wiring layer, and the base wiring 3128 and the base pad 3134 are formed in the second wiring layer above the first wiring layer.
- FIG. 21 is a photomicrograph showing a portion surrounded by a broken line in FIG.
- FIG. 22 is an enlarged plan view showing three HBT elements 3150 surrounded by broken lines in FIG.
- the collector wiring 3124 is connected to the collector electrode 3116
- the emitter wiring 3126 is connected to the emitter electrode 3112 via the emitter lead-out wiring 3122
- the base wiring 3128 is connected to the base electrode 3114 via the base lead-out wiring 3120.
- a field insulating film 3118 is formed under the collector wiring 3124, the emitter lead-out wiring 3122, and the base lead-out wiring 3120, and the HBT element 3150 and the sacrificial growth portion and the collector wiring 3124, the emitter lead-out wiring 3122 and the base lead-out wiring 3120
- the field insulation film 3118 was used to insulate the gap.
- An inhibition portion 3102 is formed under the field insulating film 3118.
- An HBT element 3150 was formed in a region surrounded by the inhibition part 3102.
- FIG. 23 is a laser micrograph observing the region of the HBT element 3150.
- FIGS. 24 to 28 are plan views showing the manufacturing process of the HBT 3100 in order.
- a silicon wafer was prepared as a base substrate, and a silicon dioxide film was formed on the base substrate by a dry thermal oxidation method. Then, as shown in FIG. 24, the silicon dioxide film was patterned using the photolithography method, and the inhibition part 3102 was formed.
- a thin film for a device 3108 was formed in a region surrounded by the inhibition portion 3102 and a sacrificial growth portion 3110 was formed in a surrounding region surrounding the inhibition portion 3102 by using a selective epitaxial method.
- the device thin film 3108 was formed by sequentially stacking a Ge seed layer, a buffer layer, a subcollector layer, a collector layer, a base layer, an emitter layer, and a subemitter layer on a silicon wafer as a base substrate.
- the arsine flow rate was once reduced to zero and annealing was performed in a hydrogen gas atmosphere at 670 ° C. for 3 minutes.
- an emitter electrode 3112 was formed on the device thin film 3108, and an emitter mesa was formed on the device thin film 3108 using the emitter electrode 3112 as a mask.
- the device thin film 3108 was etched to a depth at which the base layer was exposed.
- a collector mesa was formed in a region where the collector electrode 3116 was formed.
- the device thin film 3108 was etched to a depth at which the subcollector layer was exposed. Furthermore, the periphery of the device thin film 3108 was etched to form an isolation mesa.
- a silicon dioxide film was formed on the entire surface to form a field insulating film 3118, and a connection hole connected to the base layer was opened in the field insulating film 3118 to form a base electrode 3114. Further, a connection hole connected to the subcollector layer was opened in the field insulating film 3118 to form a collector electrode 3116.
- the emitter electrode 3112, the base electrode 3114, and the collector electrode 3116 were formed of a multilayer film of nickel (Ni) and gold (Au). The emitter electrode 3112, the base electrode 3114, and the collector electrode 3116 were formed by a lift-off method. In this way, an HBT element 3150 was formed.
- an emitter lead wire 3122 connected to the emitter electrode 3112, an emitter wire 3126 connected to the emitter lead wire 3122, a base lead wire 3120 connected to the base electrode 3114, and a collector wire 3124 connected to the collector electrode 3116 are provided. Formed.
- the emitter lead-out wiring 3122, the emitter wiring 3126, the base lead-out wiring 3120, and the collector wiring 3124 are made of aluminum. Further, a polyimide film covering the emitter lead-out wiring 3122, the emitter wiring 3126, the base lead-out wiring 3120, and the collector wiring 3124 was formed on the entire surface as an interlayer insulating layer.
- a base wiring 3128 connected to the base lead wiring 3120 through a connection hole was formed on the interlayer insulating layer, and an HBT 3100 shown in FIG. 22 was formed.
- FIG. 29 to 33 are graphs showing data obtained by measuring various characteristics of the manufactured HBT 3100.
- FIG. 29 shows the collector current and the base current when the voltage between the base and the emitter is changed. The square plot is the collector current, and the triangular plot is the base current.
- FIG. 30 shows the current amplification factor when the voltage between the base and the emitter is changed. The current amplification factor increased when the base-emitter voltage was about 1.15V, and the maximum current amplification factor reached 106 when the base-emitter voltage reached 1.47V.
- FIG. 31 shows the collector current with respect to the collector voltage. This figure shows four series of data when the base voltage is changed. The figure shows that the collector current flows stably in a wide collector voltage range.
- FIG. 29 shows the collector current and the base current when the voltage between the base and the emitter is changed.
- the square plot is the collector current
- the triangular plot is the base current.
- FIG. 30 shows the current amplification factor when the voltage between the base and the
- FIG. 32 shows experimental data for obtaining a cutoff frequency at which the current amplification factor is 1.
- a value with a cutoff frequency of 15 GHz was obtained.
- FIG. 33 shows experimental data for obtaining the maximum oscillation frequency at which the current amplification factor is 1.
- the base-emitter voltage was 1.45 V, a value of a maximum oscillation frequency of 9 GHz was obtained.
- FIG. 34 shows data obtained by measuring a depth profile by secondary ion mass spectrometry at the stage of forming the device thin film 3108.
- the atomic concentration of As, the atomic concentration of C, the atomic concentration of Si in InGaAs, and the atomic concentration value of Si in GaAs are shown corresponding to the respective depths.
- Range 3202 is GaAs and InGaP which are sub-emitter layers and emitter layers.
- a range 3204 is p-GaAs which is a base layer.
- a range 3206 is n-GaAs which is a collector layer.
- Range 3208 is n + GaAs as a subcollector layer and InGaP as an etch stop layer.
- a range 3210 includes GaAs and AlGaAs which are buffer layers.
- a range 3212 is Ge as a seed layer.
- FIG. 35 is a TEM photograph showing a cross section of the HBT formed simultaneously with the HBT 3100.
- a Ge layer 3222, a buffer layer 3224, a subcollector layer 3226, a collector layer 3228, a base layer 3230, a subemitter layer, and an emitter layer 3232 are sequentially formed on the silicon 3220. It is shown that a collector electrode 3234 is formed in contact with the subcollector layer 3226, a base electrode 3236 is formed in contact with the base layer 3230, and an emitter electrode 3238 is formed in contact with the emitter layer 3232.
- FIG. 36 is a TEM photograph shown for comparison, showing an HBT in which a thin film for a device is formed on a solid substrate having no obstruction. Many crystal defects are observed in the region indicated by 3240, and the defects reach the emitter-base-collector region which is the active region of the HBT. On the other hand, the HBT shown in FIG. 35 has very few crystal defects. In the HBT shown in FIG. 35, 123 was obtained as the maximum current amplification factor, but in the HBT in FIG. 36, the maximum current amplification factor was only 30.
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Abstract
Description
図2に示された半導体デバイス用基板100、および半導体装置460を、基板設計システム600を用いて、図5に示した製造方法で製造した。半導体デバイス用基板100として、SOI基板、SixGe1-x(x=0~0.1)のシード層、当該シード層に接するGaAs層が、SOI基板の主面に垂直な方向に、この順に配置された半導体デバイス用基板を設計した。また、半導体装置460として、半導体デバイス用基板100のGaAs層を活性層に用いたHBTを設計した。上記HBTとして、ベースおよびコレクタとしてGaAsを用いて、エミッタとしてInGaPを用いたHBTを設計した。
実施例2では、阻害部の幅を変えることでデバイス用薄膜の成長速度が変化することを、本発明者らの実験データに基づき説明する。デバイス用薄膜の成長速度は、平坦性、結晶性等デバイス用薄膜の特性に影響する。そしてデバイス用薄膜の特性は、当該デバイス用薄膜に形成される半導体デバイスの性能に強く影響する。よって、半導体デバイスの要求仕様から導かれるデバイス用薄膜の要求特性を満足するように、デバイス用薄膜の成長速度を適切に制御する必要がある。以下に説明する実験データは、阻害部の幅等によってデバイス用薄膜の成長速度が変化することを示す。当該実験データを用いることにより、デバイス用薄膜の成長速度がデバイス用薄膜の要求仕様から導かれる適正な成長速度になるよう、阻害部の形状を設計することが可能になる。
図20は、本発明者らが製造したヘテロ接合バイポーラトランジスタ(HBT)3100の平面図を示す。HBT3100は20個のHBT素子3150を並列に接続した構造を有する。なお、図20においてベース基板の一部を示し、1つのHBT3100の部分だけを示す。同一のベース基板にテストパターンその他の半導体素子も形成したが、ここでは説明を省略する。
Claims (33)
- 半導体デバイスを形成するためのデバイス用薄膜と、
前記デバイス用薄膜を囲み、前記デバイス用薄膜の前駆体が結晶に成長することを阻害する阻害部と、
前記前駆体が結晶に犠牲成長することによって形成された犠牲成長部であって、前記デバイス用薄膜の周辺に前記阻害部で隔てられて設けられた犠牲成長部と
を備える半導体デバイス用基板。 - 前記犠牲成長部の上部を覆い、かつ前記デバイス用薄膜の上部を露出する保護膜を更に備える請求項1に記載の半導体デバイス用基板。
- 前記保護膜がポリイミドである請求項2に記載の半導体デバイス用基板。
- 前記保護膜が、シリコン酸化膜及びシリコン窒化膜を積層した積層膜である請求項2に記載の半導体デバイス用基板。
- 前記デバイス用薄膜の周辺に複数の前記犠牲成長部を備える請求項1に記載の半導体デバイス用基板。
- 前記デバイス用薄膜の周辺に設けられた前記複数の犠牲成長部が、前記デバイス用薄膜を中心として点対称に設けられている請求項5に記載の半導体デバイス用基板。
- ベース基板を更に備え、前記デバイス用薄膜および前記複数の犠牲成長部のそれぞれが同一の形状を有し、前記デバイス用薄膜および前記複数の犠牲成長部のそれぞれが前記ベース基板上の直交する2つの方向で等間隔に設けられている請求項5に記載の半導体デバイス用基板。
- シリコンのベース基板を更に備え、
前記デバイス用薄膜が、前記ベース基板の前記シリコン上に結晶成長した化合物半導体である請求項1に記載の半導体デバイス用基板。 - 前記デバイス用薄膜および前記犠牲成長部のそれぞれが、前記ベース基板の前記シリコン上に結晶成長したSixGe1-x(0≦X<1)と、前記SixGe1-xに格子整合または擬格子整合した3-5族化合物半導体とを含む請求項8に記載の半導体デバイス用基板。
- 前記SixGe1-xはアニールされている請求項9に記載の半導体デバイス用基板。
- 前記シリコンの前記デバイス用薄膜が結晶成長される面は、(100)面、(110)面、(111)面、(100)面と結晶学的に等価な面、(110)面と結晶学的に等価な面、および(111)面と結晶学的に等価な面、から選択されたいずれか一つの結晶面から傾いたオフ角を有する請求項8に記載の半導体デバイス用基板。
- 前記オフ角は2°以上6°以下である請求項11に記載の半導体デバイス用基板。
- 前記デバイス用薄膜の最大幅が50μm以下である請求項1に記載の半導体デバイス用基板。
- 前記デバイス用薄膜の最大幅が30μm以下である請求項13に記載の半導体デバイス用基板。
- 前記阻害部の外形の最大幅が400μm以下である請求項1に記載の半導体デバイス用基板。
- ベース基板と、前記阻害部として機能する絶縁層とを有する半導体基板を準備し、
前記デバイス用薄膜の要求仕様に基づいて前記犠牲成長部の大きさ、形状、および配置を決定し、
前記ベース基板を露出する開口であって、前記デバイス用薄膜が内部に設けられる開口と前記犠牲成長部が内部に設けられるべき開口とを前記絶縁層に形成し、
前記デバイス用薄膜が内部に設けられる開口および前記犠牲成長部が内部に設けられるべき開口において前記デバイス用薄膜および前記犠牲成長部を同時に結晶成長させる
ことによって生産された請求項1に記載の半導体デバイス用基板。 - 前記デバイス用薄膜上に半導体デバイスが形成されており、
前記半導体デバイスの完成品を利用する利用者が利用することのできる他の半導体デバイスが前記犠牲成長部に形成されていない請求項1に記載の半導体デバイス用基板。 - 前記犠牲成長部にTEGが形成されている請求項1に記載の半導体デバイス用基板。
- 請求項1に記載された半導体デバイス用基板をダイシングして得られた半導体デバイス装置。
- 半導体デバイスを形成するためのデバイス用薄膜と、前記デバイス用薄膜の前駆体が結晶に成長することを阻害する阻害部と、前記前駆体が結晶に犠牲成長することによって形成された犠牲成長部とを有する半導体デバイス用基板を設計する設計システムであって、
前記デバイス用薄膜の要求仕様、ならびに前記阻害部および前記犠牲成長部の設計仕様の相互関係を格納している格納部と、
前記格納部に格納されている前記相互関係と前記デバイス用薄膜の要求仕様とに基づいて前記阻害部および前記犠牲成長部の配置および大きさを決定する仕様計算部とを備える設計システム。 - シリコンのベース基板上にデバイス用薄膜が結晶成長した半導体デバイス用基板を製造する製造方法であって、
前記ベース基板と、前記デバイス用薄膜の前駆体が結晶に成長することを阻害する阻害部として機能する絶縁層とを有する半導体基板を準備し、
前記ベース基板を露出する開口であって、前記デバイス用薄膜を内部に設けるべき開口と前記前駆体が結晶に犠牲成長した犠牲成長部を内部に設けるべき開口とを前記絶縁層に形成し、
前記前駆体を供給して、前記デバイス用薄膜を内部に設けるべき開口および前記犠牲成長部を内部に設けるべき開口において前記デバイス用薄膜および前記犠牲成長部を同時に結晶成長させる
製造方法。 - 前記デバイス用薄膜の周辺に複数の前記犠牲成長部を同時に形成する請求項21に記載の製造方法。
- 前記デバイス用薄膜を中心として点対称に前記複数の犠牲成長部を形成する請求項22に記載の製造方法。
- 同一の形状の前記デバイス用薄膜および前記複数の犠牲成長部を前記ベース基板上の直交する2つの方向で等間隔に形成する請求項23に記載の製造方法。
- 前記デバイス用薄膜上に半導体デバイスを形成し、
前記半導体デバイスの完成品を利用する利用者が利用することのできる他の半導体デバイスを前記犠牲成長部に形成しない
請求項21に記載の製造方法。 - 前記結晶成長をさせた後に前記犠牲成長部を削る請求項21に記載の製造方法。
- 前記結晶成長をさせた後に前記犠牲成長部を保護膜で覆う請求項21に記載の製造方法。
- 前記デバイス用薄膜および前記犠牲成長部は、前記開口に露出した前記ベース基板の前記シリコンを成長核として成長したSixGe1-x(0≦X<1)と、前記SixGe1-xを成長核として成長した3-5族化合物半導体を含み、
前記3-5族化合物半導体の結晶成長を前記3-5族化合物半導体の前駆体の供給が律速となる条件で行う請求項21に記載の製造方法。 - 前記デバイス用薄膜および前記犠牲成長部は、前記開口に露出した前記ベース基板の前記シリコンを成長核として成長したSixGe1-x(0≦X<1)と、前記SixGe1-xを成長核として成長した3-5族化合物半導体を含み、
前記3-5族化合物半導体の結晶成長を前記3-5族化合物半導体の前駆体の反応が律速となる条件で行う請求項21に記載の製造方法。 - 前記結晶成長をCVD法により行う請求項21に記載の製造方法。
- 半導体デバイス用基板を設計する設計方法であって、
前記半導体デバイス用基板は、半導体デバイスを形成するためのデバイス用薄膜と、前記デバイス用薄膜の前駆体が結晶に成長することを阻害する阻害部と、前記前駆体が結晶に犠牲成長することによって形成された犠牲成長部とを有し、
前記デバイス用薄膜の要求仕様に基づいて、前記阻害部および前記犠牲成長部の大きさ、形状、および配置を決定する設計方法。 - 前記半導体デバイス用基板はシリコンのベース基板を更に備え、前記阻害部が、前記ベース基板を露出する開口であって、前記デバイス用薄膜を内部に設けるべき開口と前記犠牲成長部を内部に設けるべき開口とを有し、前記デバイス用薄膜を内部に設けるべき開口および前記犠牲成長部を内部に設けるべき開口において前記デバイス用薄膜および前記犠牲成長部が同時に結晶成長し、
前記デバイス用薄膜を内部に設けるべき開口と前記犠牲成長部を内部に設けるべき開口とを形成するために用いるマスクを、前記デバイス用薄膜の要求仕様および前記阻害部および前記犠牲成長部の大きさ、形状、および配置に基づいて設計する段階を更に備える
請求項31に記載の設計方法。 - 前記デバイス用薄膜の要求仕様は、前記デバイス用薄膜の膜厚、膜組成およびドープ量の少なくとも1つを含む請求項31に記載の設計方法。
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CN200980138964XA CN102171792A (zh) | 2008-10-02 | 2009-10-01 | 半导体器件用基板、半导体器件装置、设计系统、制造方法以及设计方法 |
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KR20110081804A (ko) | 2011-07-14 |
TW201019377A (en) | 2010-05-16 |
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