WO2010026886A1 - 水酸化クロムの製造方法 - Google Patents
水酸化クロムの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010026886A1 WO2010026886A1 PCT/JP2009/064726 JP2009064726W WO2010026886A1 WO 2010026886 A1 WO2010026886 A1 WO 2010026886A1 JP 2009064726 W JP2009064726 W JP 2009064726W WO 2010026886 A1 WO2010026886 A1 WO 2010026886A1
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- chromium
- aqueous solution
- hydroxide
- chromium hydroxide
- acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G37/00—Compounds of chromium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/14—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/36—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general by precipitation reactions in aqueous solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G37/00—Compounds of chromium
- C01G37/02—Oxides or hydrates thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/12—Process control or regulation
- C25D21/14—Controlled addition of electrolyte components
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2222/00—Aspects relating to chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive medium
- C23C2222/10—Use of solutions containing trivalent chromium but free of hexavalent chromium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing chromium hydroxide.
- Chromium hydroxide produced according to the method of the present invention is useful for, for example, chromium plating, metal surface treatment or trivalent chromium chemical conversion treatment.
- Chrome plating is used in many industrial fields for decorative and industrial purposes. Chrome plating is widely used as decorative plating because it does not corrode in the atmosphere and does not lose its luster. In addition, since it has a high hardness and a low coefficient of friction, it is widely used for machine parts that require wear resistance. A large amount of hexavalent chromium is used in the plating solution used for this plating. Since hexavalent chromium is concerned about the influence on the human body, it must be reduced to trivalent chromium under very severe conditions so that it is not released into the environment during the treatment of plating waste liquid. Therefore, it is desired to develop a plating solution using trivalent chromium, which is chromium with less toxicity, instead of hexavalent chromium.
- Patent Document 1 describes a chromium plating solution using a trivalent chromium compound such as chromium chloride, chromium sulfate, chromium sulfamate as a plating solution for decorative plating. ing.
- a trivalent chromium compound such as chromium chloride, chromium sulfate, chromium sulfamate
- chromium source when trivalent chromium of inorganic salts such as chromium chloride and chromium sulfate is used as the chromium source, chromium is consumed by plating, whereas chloride ions and sulfate ions, which are counter-anions of chromium salts, are contained in the plating solution. Remain.
- the plating solution needs to keep the solution composition constant, an amount of chromium source corresponding to the consumed chromium is appropriately added, so that chloride ions and sulfate ions are accumulated in the plating solution. It will follow. Therefore, eventually, the liquid composition cannot be kept constant, and the entire amount is replaced with a new plating solution, and the used plating solution is treated as a waste solution.
- Patent Document 2 when performing trivalent chromium plating using a plating solution containing chromium chloride and ammonium chloride, a part of the plating solution is circulated in a cooling device, and the cooling device is used for chlorination.
- a trivalent chromium plating method in which a part of ammonium is crystallized and removed to control the concentration of ammonium chloride in the plating solution.
- chromium hydroxide which is a compound in which counter anions do not accumulate, in the state of its hydrogel as a trivalent chromium source
- Patent Document 3 chromium hydroxide is generally insoluble in water and has low solubility in an acidic aqueous solution used as a normal plating solution. For this reason, the preparation of the plating solution requires long stirring under heating. Also, when replenishing the consumed chromium, it takes a long time to dissolve the replenished chromium hydroxide. For these reasons, the plating operation was interrupted during that time, and problems occurred in the preparation of the plating solution and the plating operation.
- Method (1) A reducing agent is added in advance to an aqueous liquid containing chromate ions discharged from the chromium plating process, etc., to reduce the chromate ions in the liquid to trivalent chromium ions, and sodium hydroxide is added thereto.
- This is a method for obtaining precipitation of chromium hydroxide (Patent Document 4).
- Patent Document 4 chromium hydroxide obtained in this manner often has impurity ions such as sulfate ions attached thereto, and needs to be purified in order to be applied to various uses.
- Patent Document 4 describes washing with water under a condition of pH 9.5 or higher.
- Method (2) Urea is added to a sulfate aqueous solution containing trivalent chromium, and the solution is heated to a temperature in the range of about 90 ° C. to the boiling point of the aqueous solution to increase the pH of the solution by decomposition of urea and during this time the sulfuric acid in the aqueous solution
- the basic chromium sulfate is precipitated and / or separated by maintaining the ion concentration below about 1 mol / liter.
- the produced basic chromium sulfate is heated to the above temperature range together with urea or neutralized with an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium hydroxide or carbonate to produce chromium hydroxide (Patent Document).
- Patent Document 5 describes that when chromium hydroxide is produced by neutralization, a method starting from an aqueous solution of chromium chloride is easy. However, there is no description about the solubility of the obtained chromium hydroxide and the order of addition during neutralization.
- Method (3) A trivalent chromium salt aqueous solution is neutralized with sodium hydroxide or aqueous ammonia. The precipitate is separated by filtration from the obtained chromium hydroxide slurry. The separated precipitate is suspended in water to form a slurry liquid. This slurry liquid is passed through an ion exchange resin and adsorbed and separated from water-soluble impurities (Patent Document 6).
- Patent Document 6 the produced aqueous solution of chromium sulfate or chromium chloride is neutralized with sodium hydroxide or aqueous ammonia, and the precipitate is filtered and separated from the obtained slurry of chromium hydroxide, and then washed to remove impurities.
- a method for removing ions is described.
- actual production employs a method of adding sodium hydroxide to an aqueous chromium sulfate solution.
- solubility of the obtained chromium hydroxide there is no description about the solubility of the obtained chromium hydroxide.
- Patent Document 7 discloses a chromium (III) salt of various inorganic acids, but does not describe chromium hydroxide.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing chromium hydroxide having high solubility.
- the present invention is characterized in that an inorganic alkaline aqueous solution and an aqueous solution containing trivalent chromium are simultaneously added to an aqueous medium under the condition that the reaction liquid temperature is 0 ° C. or higher and lower than 50 ° C. to generate chromium hydroxide.
- a method for producing chromium hydroxide is provided.
- the present invention provides an inorganic acid chromium (III) aqueous solution or an organic acid chromium (in which the chromium hydroxide is dissolved in an inorganic acid aqueous solution or an organic acid aqueous solution after the chromium hydroxide is produced by the above method.
- III A method for producing an aqueous solution is provided.
- chromium hydroxide having higher solubility in an acidic aqueous solution than chromium hydroxide obtained by a conventional production method can be obtained.
- the preparation time of the trivalent chromium plating solution can be shortened, and to the plating film caused by undissolved chromium hydroxide Can prevent adverse effects.
- the trivalent chromium-containing liquid using chromium hydroxide produced by the method of the present invention is used for chromium plating or metal surface treatment or trivalent chromium conversion treatment, the counter anion of the trivalent chromium source is the plating solution. Since it does not accumulate in the medium, it is easy to keep the composition of the plating solution or the like constant. In addition, since the preparation time of the plating solution and the like is greatly shortened, the effect on related industries is great.
- the production method of the present invention is characterized by simultaneous addition of an inorganic alkaline aqueous solution and an aqueous solution containing trivalent chromium.
- the present inventors have surprisingly found that chromium hydroxide having high solubility in an acidic aqueous solution can be obtained by simultaneously adding these aqueous solutions to an aqueous medium.
- the conventional chromium hydroxide production method for example, the production methods described in Patent Documents 4 and 6, do not employ simultaneous addition. Instead, sodium hydroxide is added to an aqueous solution containing trivalent chromium. Etc. are added to produce chromium hydroxide.
- the chromium hydroxide obtained by this method is inferior in solubility in an acidic aqueous solution.
- chromium refers to trivalent chromium.
- An inorganic alkaline aqueous solution and an aqueous solution containing trivalent chromium are added to an aqueous medium substantially continuously.
- substantially continuous means that the case where the addition is inevitably temporarily discontinuous due to a change in manufacturing conditions or the like is allowed.
- both aqueous solutions are added substantially simultaneously at the start of the operation.
- the addition of the inorganic alkaline aqueous solution may precede the addition of the aqueous solution containing trivalent chromium, or vice versa. This may precede the addition of the inorganic alkaline aqueous solution.
- the same is true at the end of the operation, and the addition of both aqueous solutions is terminated substantially at the same time.
- the end of the addition may be preceded, or conversely, the end of the addition of the aqueous solution containing trivalent chromium may precede the end of the addition of the inorganic alkaline aqueous solution.
- the aqueous medium used in the present invention preferably has a pH in a neutral or alkaline range.
- an acidic pH range it is advantageous to use an aqueous medium having a neutral or alkaline pH range in view of the good solubility of the resulting chromium hydroxide. is there.
- aqueous medium having a neutral pH for example, water (pure water) or an aqueous solution of a neutral salt can be used.
- a neutral salt sodium chloride etc. can be used, for example.
- the concentration of the neutral salt is preferably up to about 1 mol / l.
- ammonia water can be used as the aqueous medium having an alkaline pH.
- the concentration of ammonia water is preferably about 0.01 mol / l.
- the aqueous medium can also contain a water-soluble organic solvent such as a lower alcohol, if necessary, regardless of whether the pH is neutral or alkaline.
- water (pure water) from the viewpoint of preventing the mixing of unnecessary chemical species in the preparation of a chromium plating solution or the like.
- the solubility of the generated chromium hydroxide is influenced by the temperature of the reaction solution in addition to the simultaneous addition of the aqueous inorganic alkali solution and the aqueous solution containing trivalent chromium.
- the reaction liquid referred to here is a liquid obtained by adding an aqueous inorganic alkali solution and an aqueous solution containing trivalent chromium to an aqueous medium.
- the temperature of the reaction solution needs to be 0 ° C. or higher and lower than 50 ° C. If the temperature of the reaction solution is 50 ° C. or higher, the produced chromium hydroxide tends to be aggregates or lumps, so that highly soluble chromium hydroxide cannot be obtained.
- the temperature of the reaction solution is less than 0 ° C., the trivalent chromium salt and / or inorganic alkali may be precipitated. It is preferable that the temperature of the reaction solution is 10 ° C. or more and less than 50 ° C., particularly 10 to 40 ° C., because highly soluble chromium hydroxide can be obtained more easily.
- the reaction between the aqueous inorganic alkali solution and the aqueous solution containing trivalent chromium is a neutralization reaction
- mixing both aqueous solutions in an aqueous medium provides chromium hydroxide having desired characteristics.
- the state where the amount of trivalent chromium is locally excessive with respect to the amount of alkali means, for example, that an inorganic alkaline aqueous solution is added to an aqueous solution containing trivalent chromium as described in Patent Documents 4 and 6. Says the added state.
- the concentration, addition rate, addition ratio, etc. of the aqueous solution containing inorganic alkali solution and trivalent chromium may be adjusted according to the ability of the stirrer and the production scale to prevent non-uniform mixing during the reaction It is preferable to adjust from the viewpoint of obtaining highly soluble chromium hydroxide.
- the concentration of hydroxide ions in the inorganic alkaline aqueous solution is 1 to 50% by weight, particularly 5 to 30% by weight
- the concentration of trivalent chromium in the aqueous solution containing trivalent chromium is 1 to 40% by weight. %, In particular 3 to 20% by weight.
- the inorganic alkali aqueous solution is 2 to 150 ml / min, particularly 10 to 100 ml / min, provided that the concentration is in the above range.
- the aqueous solution containing chromium is 5 to 300 ml / min, particularly 10 to 200 ml / min.
- the ratio of addition that is, the ratio of the addition rate is such that the addition rate of the aqueous solution containing trivalent chromium is 0.1 to the addition rate of the inorganic alkaline aqueous solution, provided that the concentration and the addition rate are in the above-mentioned range. 20 times, especially 0.5 to 10 times.
- the concentration, addition ratio, and addition rate of the inorganic alkali aqueous solution and the aqueous solution containing trivalent chromium were maintained at a pH of 7.0 to 12, particularly 7.5 to 10, during the addition of these aqueous solutions. It is preferable to adjust as described above. By maintaining the pH during the reaction within this range, chromium hydroxide having the desired solubility can be successfully produced.
- a water-soluble salt of trivalent chromium can be used without particular limitation.
- examples of such salts include chromium chloride, chromium sulfate, chromium ammonium sulfate, chromium potassium sulfate, chromium formate, chromium fluoride, chromium perchlorate, chromium sulfamate, chromium nitrate, and chromium acetate.
- These salts can be used alone or in combination of two or more. These salts may be used in the form of an aqueous solution or in the form of a powder.
- liquid chromium chloride 40% liquid chromium sulfate (product name) manufactured by Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., and commercially available chromium chloride (crystal product) can be used.
- chromium chloride or chromium sulfate from the viewpoints that no organic matter remains, waste water treatment is easy, and economical efficiency.
- aqueous solution containing trivalent chromium a solution obtained by reducing hexavalent chromium in an aqueous solution containing hexavalent chromium to trivalent can also be used.
- an aqueous solution in which hexavalent chromium is reduced to trivalent chromium by passing sulfur dioxide into an aqueous solution of dichromate can be used.
- an aqueous solution in which sulfuric acid is added to an aqueous solution of dichromic acid and hexavalent chromium is reduced to trivalent chromium with an organic substance can be used.
- alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, ammonia, and the like can be used.
- organic alkali forms a water-soluble complex salt with chromium, so that chromium may remain in the filtered waste liquid after the production of chromium hydroxide. Therefore, the use of organic alkalis should be avoided.
- the slurry is filtered to separate the chromium hydroxide as a solid and washed.
- a usual method can be used for filtration. For example, suction filtration using a Buchner funnel can be performed. Washing after filtration is performed using water. For example, washing can be performed by adding water to the cake on the Buchner funnel for repulping and further performing suction filtration. The washing is preferably performed until the conductivity of the filtrate is, for example, 5 mS / cm or less.
- a high conductivity of the filtrate means that a large amount of by-product salt derived from the raw material remains in the washed chromium hydroxide.
- Such by-product salts should be removed as much as possible because they accumulate in the plating solution when chromium hydroxide is used as the chromium source of the trivalent chromium plating solution. Therefore, it is preferable to perform washing until the filtrate has a conductivity of not more than the above value.
- the filtration and washing are preferably performed at a low temperature of 0 to 50 ° C., more preferably 20 to 40 ° C. This is because it is possible to prevent the formation or formation of chromium and the formation of poorly soluble substances resulting therefrom.
- the chromium hydroxide is dried to a powder state, or water is added to obtain a slurry with a predetermined concentration.
- a reducing agent during the above reaction or after completion of the reaction. Accordingly, even when placed in an oxidizing atmosphere during the reaction or during storage (during storage in a slurry state), reoxidation can be prevented, so that hexavalent chromium can be prevented from being generated. In particular, it is preferable to add a reducing agent after completion of the reaction from the viewpoint of reliably preventing reoxidation.
- an organic or inorganic reducing agent conventionally used in the technical field can be used without particular limitation.
- the organic reducing agent for example, monohydric alcohols such as methyl alcohol and propyl alcohol, and dihydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are preferably used.
- Other organic reducing agents include monosaccharides such as glucose, disaccharides such as maltose, polysaccharides such as starch, and the like. Examples of inorganic reducing agents include hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide.
- Chromium hydroxide produced according to the method of the present invention (hereinafter also simply referred to as “chromium hydroxide of the present invention”) is insoluble or hardly soluble in pure water, but is an acidic aqueous solution (for example, having a pH of 3 or less). It is characterized by high solubility in acidic aqueous solutions. Chromium hydroxide having such characteristics is specified by its degree of aggregation and particle size. Specifically, the chromium hydroxide of the present invention is fine and has a low degree of aggregation. In the present invention, the degree of aggregation is defined by MV / D.
- MV represents a volume average particle diameter measured by a particle size distribution measuring apparatus
- D represents an average particle diameter measured from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the specific method for measuring the degree of aggregation is as follows. After the produced chromium hydroxide is sufficiently dispersed in water with a household mixer or the like, the volume average particle diameter (MV) is measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus of a laser diffraction scattering method. Moreover, the particle diameter of 200 primary particles of chromium hydroxide is measured with the SEM image, and the average value is defined as the average particle diameter D with the SEM image. When the primary particles are not spherical, the maximum length across the particles is taken as the particle diameter. The value obtained by dividing MV measured in this way by D is defined as the degree of aggregation.
- the degree of aggregation calculated based on the above definition is preferably 10 or more and less than 70.
- the solubility in an acidic aqueous solution tends to decrease.
- the chromium hydroxide produced according to the method of the present invention has a higher solubility in an acidic aqueous solution as the degree of aggregation is lower. From this viewpoint, the smaller the value of the degree of aggregation of chromium hydroxide, the better.
- the lower limit of the degree of aggregation of chromium hydroxide is defined as 10 in the present invention.
- an aggregation degree of 10 to 60 is more preferable because change with time is reduced and better solubility can be maintained.
- the chromium hydroxide of the present invention is a fine particle having an average primary particle diameter D of preferably 40 to 200 nm, more preferably 50 to 100 nm. Chromium hydroxide having such a particle size has improved solubility in an acidic aqueous solution by satisfying the above-mentioned degree of aggregation.
- the average particle diameter D of the primary particles is less than 40 nm, the electrostatic attraction becomes strong, tends to aggregate, and the solubility becomes low.
- the average particle diameter D of the primary particles exceeds 200 nm, the specific surface area becomes small and the number of reaction sites with the acid decreases, so that the solubility becomes low.
- the particle shape of the chromium hydroxide of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a spherical shape or a lump shape.
- the chromium hydroxide of the present invention is generally in a dry powder state or a slurry suspended in water. From the standpoint of increasing the solubility in an acidic aqueous solution, it is preferable that the slurry is continuously formed immediately after the production according to the method of the present invention.
- Components other than chromium hydroxide may or may not be contained in the slurry.
- examples of the component include Na, K, Cl, SO 4 , and NH 4 .
- the slurry When the slurry is used as a replenisher such as a plating solution used for chromium plating or metal surface treatment or trivalent chromium conversion treatment, the slurry preferably does not substantially contain impurity ions. This is to prevent unnecessary ion accumulation caused by replenishment.
- impurity ions refers to ions other than H + and OH ⁇ ions. “Substantially free” means that impurity ions are intentionally not added during the preparation of chromium hydroxide and the slurry using the same, and trace amounts of impurity ions inevitably mixed in are not included. This is an acceptable purpose. Therefore, water used for preparing chromium hydroxide and slurry using the same may be pure water, ion-exchanged water, tap water substantially free of impurity ions, industrial water, or the like. Absent.
- the chromium hydroxide of the present invention has high solubility in an acidic aqueous solution (for example, an acidic aqueous solution having a pH of 3 or less). Moreover, even after long-term storage, its solubility is maintained.
- an acidic aqueous solution for example, an acidic aqueous solution having a pH of 3 or less.
- conventionally obtained chromium hydroxide is subject to change over time during long-term storage, and is liable to shift to an insoluble hydroxide in an acid or alkali aqueous solution. The cause of this is not clearly understood, but is thought to be due to the transition to a sparingly soluble form due to the chromization or oxidization of chromium. For this reason, when preparing the chromium plating solution, it was necessary to stir for a long time until the chromium hydroxide was completely dissolved.
- high solubility means that when chromium hydroxide equivalent to 1 g of Cr is added to 1 liter of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution having a temperature of 25 ° C. and a pH of 0.2, the chromium hydroxide is added for 30 minutes. Means complete dissolution within. The presence or absence of dissolution of chromium hydroxide is judged visually. The dissolution time of chromium hydroxide is the time until the liquid becomes transparent.
- an aqueous solution of an inorganic acid or an organic acid is used.
- the inorganic acid aqueous solution include aqueous solutions of inorganic acids such as nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrofluoric acid.
- the organic acid aqueous solution include aqueous solutions of organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, gluconic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, and butyric acid. It is done.
- the chromium hydroxide produced according to the method of the present invention can be added and dissolved in an inorganic acid aqueous solution or an organic acid aqueous solution in a powder state or in a slurry state by adding water.
- An aqueous solution of (III) or an organic acid chromium (III) is obtained.
- concentration and amount of chromium hydroxide and inorganic acid aqueous solution or organic acid aqueous solution are appropriately determined according to the type of inorganic chromium or organic acid chromium (composition formula) and the target concentration in the final aqueous solution. be able to.
- the inorganic acid aqueous solution or the organic acid aqueous solution preferably has a low pH.
- the pH is preferably 2 or less, more preferably 1.5 or less.
- the concentration of the inorganic acid or organic acid in the inorganic acid aqueous solution or organic acid aqueous solution is preferably in the range of 1 to 50% by weight, particularly 5 to 50% by weight.
- chromium hydroxide inorganic acid aqueous solution or an organic acid aqueous solution at 25 to 90 ° C.
- Examples of the inorganic acid chromium thus obtained include chromium hydrochloride, chromium nitrate, chromium phosphate, chromium sulfate, and chromium fluoride. These inorganic acid chromium may be a basic salt.
- Cr (OH) x (NO 3 ) y a normal salt represented by Cr (NO 3 ) 3
- Cr (OH) 0.5 (NO 3 ) 2.5 Cr (OH) (NO 3 ) 2
- basic chromium nitrate which is a normal salt represented by Cr (NO 3 ) 3 , Cr (OH) 0.5 (NO 3 ) 2.5 , Cr (OH) (NO 3 ) 2 , Cr (OH) 2 (NO 3 )
- basic chromium nitrate basic chromium nitrate.
- Organic acid chromium is a compound represented by the general formula Cr m (A x ) n .
- A shows the residue remove
- A has a negative charge.
- x represents the charge of A (negative charge).
- the organic acid in the organic acid chromium is represented by R (COOH) y .
- R represents an organic group, a hydrogen atom, a single bond or a double bond.
- y represents the number of carboxyl groups in the organic acid and is an integer of 1 or more, preferably 1 to 3.
- a in the above general formula is represented by R (COO ⁇ ) y .
- R is an organic group
- the organic group is preferably an aliphatic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly 1 to 5 carbon atoms. This aliphatic group may be substituted with another functional group such as a hydroxyl group.
- any of a saturated aliphatic group and an unsaturated aliphatic group can be used.
- the chromium hydroxide produced according to the method of the present invention contains a chromium (III) source in a powder state or as a slurry state by adding water to be added to and dissolved in two or more acid aqueous solutions.
- An aqueous solution can also be made.
- concentration and amount of chromium hydroxide and acid aqueous solution, the combination of acids used, and the mixing ratio of each acid are appropriately determined according to the type of the desired chromium (III) source and the target concentration in the final aqueous solution. can do.
- Examples of the acid aqueous solution that dissolves chromium hydroxide include a combination of organic acids, a combination of inorganic acids, or a combination of an organic acid and an inorganic acid.
- Examples of the organic acid and inorganic acid that can be used include those described above.
- the method for producing two or more acid aqueous solutions containing a chromium (III) source of the present invention may follow the above-described method for producing an inorganic acid chromium or organic acid chromium aqueous solution, detailed description thereof is omitted here.
- the following methods 1) to 3) can be used for dissolving chromium hydroxide in an acid aqueous solution.
- 1) A method in which an acid aqueous solution in which two or more desired acids are dissolved in advance is prepared, and chromium hydroxide is added thereto to dissolve the chromium hydroxide in the acid solution.
- One component acid of the desired acids is appropriately selected in advance, and then the selected acid is dissolved in water to prepare an aqueous acid solution.
- chromium hydroxide is added to the obtained acid aqueous solution to perform a primary dissolution treatment.
- an acid aqueous solution in which a part of a necessary amount of two or more desired acids is dissolved in water in advance is prepared.
- chromium hydroxide is added to the obtained acid aqueous solution to perform a primary dissolution treatment.
- the chromium (III) source of the present invention thus obtained is a complex chromium (III) salt having two or more acid radicals bonded to chromium represented by the following formula.
- bonded with chromium may be chosen from the combination of organic acids, the combination of inorganic acids, or both an organic acid and an inorganic acid.
- chromium hydroxide produced according to the method of the present invention has high solubility in an acidic aqueous solution as described above, for example, chromium plating using trivalent chromium or a metal surface treatment solution or trivalent as described below. It is useful as a trivalent chromium source in a chromium chemical conversion treatment solution.
- the chromium hydroxide of the present invention as a trivalent chromium source, it is possible to shorten the preparation time of the plating solution and the treatment solution.
- a high-quality plating film or trivalent chromium chemical conversion film can be formed.
- trivalent chromium chemical conversion treatment refers to a film containing a trivalent chromium that is chemically contacted with an aqueous solution containing a trivalent chromium salt as a main component. This is the process that generates
- a trivalent chromium-containing liquid using the above-described highly soluble chromium hydroxide as a chromium source is also provided.
- the trivalent chromium-containing liquid of the present invention is used for decorative final finishing and industrial trivalent chromium plating. Moreover, it is used for surface treatment of various metals, such as plating applied to the upper layer of nickel plating. Furthermore, it is used for trivalent chromium chemical conversion treatment such as zinc plating and tin plating. That is, the trivalent chromium-containing liquid of the present invention can be a trivalent chromium plating solution or a trivalent chromium chemical conversion treatment solution. In the following description, these solutions are collectively referred to as “plating solution etc.” unless otherwise specified.
- the trivalent chromium plating solution contains other components including trivalent chromium and organic acids derived from the above-mentioned chromium hydroxide. Is included.
- the treatment liquid uses the above-mentioned chromium hydroxide as a chromium source, and further includes a cobalt compound, a silicon compound, and a zinc compound.
- Various organic acids can be included.
- Examples of the cobalt compound used in the trivalent chromium chemical conversion treatment liquid include cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, cobalt sulfate, cobalt phosphate, and cobalt acetate. These can also be used 1 type or in mixture of 2 or more types.
- Examples of the silicon compound include colloidal silica, sodium silicate, potassium silicate, and lithium silicate. These silicon compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the zinc compound include zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, zinc oxide, zinc carbonate, zinc phosphate, and zinc acetate. These zinc compounds can be used alone or in combination.
- organic acid examples include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, adipic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, glycine and the like. Since these show chelate action, it is considered that trivalent chromium can be held in a stable form in the plating solution.
- the trivalent chromium chemical conversion treatment liquid preferably contains 0.005 to 1.0 mol / liter of chromium, for example.
- the molar ratio of chromium to organic acid is preferably 1 to 5 moles per mole of chromium.
- a replenishing solution such as a plating solution used for chromium plating or metal surface treatment or trivalent chromium chemical conversion treatment is also provided.
- This replenisher consists of a slurry containing the above-mentioned chromium hydroxide. As described above, this slurry preferably does not contain impurity ions.
- inorganic anions such as sulfate ions, nitrate ions, and chloride ions are not taken into the film and remain in the liquid.
- plating solution that is replenished with the chromium source by the replenishing solution
- a plating solution containing trivalent chromium that has been conventionally used can be used.
- the replenisher of the present invention is added to the plating solution or the like in an appropriate amount according to the degree of consumption of chromium ions in the plating solution or the like during plating or trivalent chromium conversion treatment.
- the addition may be continuous or intermittent.
- % means “% by weight”.
- Example 1 A 10% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (140 g) and a 35% chromium chloride aqueous solution (manufactured by Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) (55 g) were diluted by adding 220 g of water to prepare a 7% chromium chloride aqueous solution. Next, the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was adjusted to 20 ° C., and the chromium chloride aqueous solution was adjusted to 20 ° C. An aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and an aqueous chromium chloride solution were simultaneously added to pure water adjusted to 20 ° C.
- the addition rate was 2 ml / min for an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and 4.5 ml / min for an aqueous chromium chloride solution.
- the addition was performed continuously. The addition was performed for 60 minutes.
- the pH of the reaction solution was maintained between 7.5 and 8.5.
- the temperature of the reaction solution was maintained between 20 and 25 ° C.
- the reaction solution was stirred (700 rpm) so that the amount of trivalent chromium was not locally excessive with respect to the amount of sodium hydroxide.
- the precipitate produced by the reaction was washed with filtered water at 30 ° C. until the filtrate had a conductivity of 1 mS / cm to obtain chromium hydroxide.
- This chromium hydroxide was suspended in pure water to obtain a slurry having a concentration of 8%.
- Table 1 shows the MV and D and the degree of aggregation MV / D of the resulting chromium hydroxide.
- Example 2 Instead of the 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution used in Example 1, 59 g of a 10% aqueous ammonia solution was used. The temperature of the aqueous ammonia solution was adjusted to 20 ° C. Other than that was carried out similarly to Example 1, and obtained chromium hydroxide. About the obtained chromium hydroxide, the same measurement as Example 1 was performed. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 2 The produced precipitate was washed by filtration with water to obtain about 12 g of chromium hydroxide. Except this, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a chromium hydroxide slurry. About the obtained chromium hydroxide, the same measurement as Example 1 was performed. The results are shown in Table 2 below. However, the solubility was measured only immediately after generation.
- Example 3 In Example 1, except that the temperature of the reaction solution was set to 70 ° C., the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a chromium hydroxide slurry. About the obtained chromium hydroxide, the same measurement as Example 1 was performed. The results are shown in Table 2 below. However, the solubility was measured only immediately after generation.
- the chromium hydroxide obtained by the method of the Examples has high solubility.
- the chromium hydroxide is excellent even after long-term storage. It can be seen that good solubility is maintained.
- the comparative chromium hydroxide prepared by adding an inorganic alkaline aqueous solution to an aqueous solution containing trivalent chromium has a lot of primary particle aggregation and low solubility. Even when an aqueous solution containing an inorganic alkali solution and an aqueous solution containing trivalent chromium is added at the same time to prepare chromium hydroxide, when the reaction temperature is high (Comparative Example 3), the primary particles easily aggregate and have solubility. Is low.
- Example 3 In the same manner as in Example 1, chromium hydroxide was obtained. This chromium hydroxide was suspended in pure water to obtain a slurry having a concentration of 8%. Next, each of the obtained chromium hydroxide slurries was added to 1 liter of various inorganic acid aqueous solutions at a temperature of 25 ° C. or to 1 liter of various organic acid aqueous solutions at a temperature of 50 ° C. Then, an inorganic acid chromium aqueous solution or an organic acid chromium aqueous solution was obtained. Table 3 shows the time (unit: minute) required for dissolution.
- Example 4 In the same manner as in Example 1, chromium hydroxide was obtained. This chromium hydroxide was suspended in pure water to obtain a slurry having a concentration of 8%. Next, an amount corresponding to 1 g of Cr was added to 1 liter of an aqueous solution containing two kinds of acids at a temperature of 25 ° C. and dissolved to obtain aqueous solutions containing a chromium (III) source. Table 4 shows the time (unit: minute) required for dissolution. In addition, the composition of the acid aqueous solution used in each Example is as follows.
- Liquid A (pH 0.2); hydrochloric acid 2.6% by weight, nitric acid 5.2% by weight Liquid B (pH 0.4); phosphoric acid 3.3% by weight, sulfuric acid 2.5% by weight Liquid C (pH 0.3); hydrochloric acid 2.6% by weight, oxalic acid 2.2% by weight
- a plating solution for trivalent chromium plating having the following composition was prepared in a square plating tank having an internal volume of 8 liters.
- a mild steel round bar was used as an object to be plated, a carbon plate was used as an anode, and chromium plating was performed under conditions of a bath temperature of 50 ° C. and a current density of 40 A / dm 2 .
- the amount of chromium consumed and the chromium concentration in the bath were calculated from the weight measurement before and after the plating of the round bar.
- the chromium hydroxide slurry obtained in Example 1 was The amount corresponding to the electrodeposited metallic chromium was added to the plating solution, and the chromium plating was continued with sufficient stirring. As a result, good chromium plating was obtained.
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Abstract
Description
方法(1):
クロムめっき工程などから排出されるクロム酸イオンを含有する水性液体に、予め還元剤を添加して該液体中のクロム酸イオンを三価のクロムイオンに還元し、これに水酸化ナトリウムを添加して水酸化クロムの沈殿を得る方法である(特許文献4)。しかしこのようにして得られた水酸化クロムは、硫酸イオン等の不純物イオンが付着していることが多く、種々の用途に適用するためには精製することが必要である。特許文献4にはpH9.5以上の条件下で水洗することが記載されている。
三価クロムを含有する硫酸塩水溶液に尿素を添加し、この溶液を約90℃ないし該水溶液の沸点の範囲の温度に加熱して尿素の分解により液のpHを高め且つこの間該水溶液中の硫酸イオン濃度を約1モル/リットル以下に保持することによって塩基性硫酸クロムを析出及び/又は分離する。次に、生成した塩基性硫酸クロムを尿素と共に前記温度範囲に加熱するか又はアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属若しくはアンモニウムの水酸化物若しくは炭酸塩で中和して水酸化クロムを製造する(特許文献5)。特許文献5には、中和によって水酸化クロムを製造する場合には、クロムの塩化物水溶液から出発する方法が容易である旨が記載されている。しかし得られた水酸化クロムの溶解性及び中和の際の添加順序については記載がない。
三価のクロム塩水溶液を水酸化ナトリウム若しくはアンモニア水にて中和する。得られた水酸化クロムのスラリー液から沈殿物を濾過分離する。分離した沈殿物を水に懸濁させてスラリー液とする。このスラリー液をイオン交換樹脂に通液して水可溶性の不純物と吸着分離する(特許文献6)。特許文献6には、生成された硫酸クロム若しくは塩化クロムの水溶液を水酸化ナトリウム若しくはアンモニア水で中和し、得られた水酸化クロムのスラリー液から沈殿物を濾過分離した後、洗浄して不純物イオンを除去する方法が記載されている。しかし実際の製造は、硫酸クロム水溶液に水酸化ナトリウムを添加する方法を採用している。また得られた水酸化クロムの溶解性についての記載はない。
1)所望の2種以上の酸を予め溶解した酸水溶液を調製し、これに水酸化クロムを添加して水酸化クロムを酸溶液に溶解処理する方法。
2)所望の酸のうちの1成分の酸を予め適宜選択し、次にこの選択した酸を水に溶解し酸水溶液を調製する。次に得られた酸水溶液に水酸化クロムを添加し1次溶解処理をする。これに残りの成分の酸を添加して第2次溶解処理をする方法。
3)あるいは所望の2種以上の酸の必要量の一部を予め水に溶解した酸水溶液を調製する。次に得られた酸水溶液に水酸化クロムを添加し1次溶解処理をする。これに残量の酸を添加して2次溶解処理し水酸化クロムを溶解する方法。
10%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液140gと、35%塩化クロム水溶液(日本化学工業株式会社製)55gに水を220g加えて希釈した7%塩化クロム水溶液とをそれぞれ容器に入れ準備した。次に水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を20℃に調整し、また塩化クロム水溶液を20℃に調整した。20℃に調整した純水中に、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液と塩化クロム水溶液を同時添加した。添加速度は、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液が2ml/分、塩化クロム水溶液が4.5ml/分であった。添加は連続的に行った。添加は60分間行った。添加の間、反応液のpHは7.5~8.5の間に維持されていた。また、添加の間、反応液の温度は20~25℃の間に維持されていた。また、添加の間、反応液を攪拌(700rpm)して、水酸化ナトリウムの量に対して三価のクロムの量が局所的に過剰にならないようにした。反応によって生成した沈殿を、濾液の導電率が1mS/cmになるまで30℃で濾過水洗し、水酸化クロムを得た。この水酸化クロムを純水に懸濁させて濃度8%のスラリーを得た。得られた水酸化クロムのMV及びD並びに凝集度MV/Dは表1に示すとおりであった。また、温度25℃でpHが0.2の塩酸水溶液1リットルに、Crとして1g含有に相当する水酸化クロムを加えたときの溶解性(水酸化クロムの生成直後及び水酸化クロムのスラリーを30日保存した後)は、以下の表1に示すとおりであった。
実施例1において用いた10%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に代えて、10%アンモニア水溶液59gを用いた。アンモニア水溶液の温度は20℃に調整した。それ以外は実施例1と同様にして水酸化クロムを得た。得られた水酸化クロムについて、実施例1と同様の測定を行った。その結果を、以下の表1に示す。
20%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液70gと、35%塩化クロム水溶液(日本化学工業株式会社製)52gに水を208g加えて希釈した7%塩化クロム水溶液とをそれぞれ容器に入れ準備した。次に水酸化ナトリウム水溶液及び塩化クロム水溶液を表2に示す反応温度に調整した。実施例1及び2とは異なり、塩化クロム水溶液を撹拌しながら、そこへ水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を表2に示す速度で添加した。生成した沈殿を水で濾過洗浄し、水酸化クロム約12gを得た。これ以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、水酸化クロムのスラリーを得た。得られた水酸化クロムについて、実施例1と同様の測定を行った。その結果を、以下の表2に示す。ただし、溶解性については生成直後のみ測定した。
実施例1において、反応液の温度を70℃とする以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い、水酸化クロムのスラリーを得た。得られた水酸化クロムについて、実施例1と同様の測定を行った。その結果を、以下の表2に示す。ただし、溶解性については生成直後のみ測定した。
実施例1と同様にして水酸化クロムを得た。この水酸化クロムを純水に懸濁させて濃度8%のスラリーを得た。次いで、得られたそれぞれの水酸化クロムのスラリーを、温度25℃で各種の無機酸水溶液1リットルに、又は温度50℃で各種の有機酸水溶液1リットルに、Crとして1g含有に相当する量添加し溶解させて、無機酸クロム水溶液又は有機酸クロム水溶液をそれぞれ得た。溶解に要した時間(単位:分)を表3に示す。
実施例1と同様にして水酸化クロムを得た。この水酸化クロムを純水に懸濁させて濃度8%のスラリーを得た。次いで、温度25℃で2種の酸を含む水溶液1リットルに、Crとして1g含有に相当する量添加し溶解させて、クロム(III)源を含む水溶液をそれぞれ得た。溶解に要した時間(単位:分)を表4に示す。なお、各実施例で使用した酸水溶液の組成は以下のとおりである。
A液(pH0.2);塩酸 2.6重量%、硝酸 5.2重量%
B液(pH0.4);リン酸 3.3重量%、硫酸 2.5重量%
C液(pH0.3);塩酸 2.6重量%、シュウ酸2.2重量%
内容積8リットルの角型めっき槽に、以下の組成を有する三価クロムめっき用めっき液を調製した。被めっき物として軟鋼丸棒を用い、また陽極として炭素板を用い、浴温50℃、電流密度40A/dm2の条件でクロムめっきを行った。丸棒のめっき前後の重量測定から消費クロム量及び浴のクロム濃度を算出し、めっき液中のクロム濃度が1~2g/リットル低下したら、実施例1で得られた水酸化クロムのスラリーを、電析した金属クロムに相当する分だけめっき液に添加し、充分に攪拌しながらクロムめっきを継続して行った。その結果、良好なクロムめっきが得られた。
塩化クロム六水和物 300g/L
ホウ酸 30g/L
グリシン 50g/L
塩化アンモニウム 130g/L
塩化アルミニウム六水和物 50g/L
Claims (8)
- 反応液温が0℃以上50℃未満の条件下で、無機アルカリ水溶液と三価のクロムを含む水溶液とを、水性媒体へ同時に添加して水酸化クロムを生成させることを特徴とする水酸化クロムの製造方法。
- 三価のクロムを含む水溶液の添加を、アルカリの量に対して三価のクロムの量が局所的に過剰にならないように行う請求項1記載の製造方法。
- 三価のクロムを含む水溶液及び無機アルカリ水溶液を添加している間の反応液のpHを7.0~12の範囲に維持する請求項1又は2記載の製造方法。
- 水性媒体として、水、中性塩の水溶液又はアンモニア水を用いる請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 水酸化クロムの生成後に濾過を行い、濾液の導電率が5mS/cm以下となるまで水洗する請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法で水酸化クロムを生成させた後、該水酸化クロムを無機酸水溶液又は有機酸水溶液に溶解することを特徴とする無機酸クロム(III)水溶液又は有機酸クロム(III)水溶液の製造方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法で水酸化クロムを生成させた後、該水酸化クロムを2種以上の酸水溶液に溶解することを特徴とするクロム(III)源を含む水溶液の製造方法。
- 請求項6又は7に記載の製造方法により得られるクロム(III)源を含む水溶液であって、金属の表面処理又は三価クロム化成処理に用いるクロム(III)源を含む水溶液。
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CN200980134663XA CN102143916A (zh) | 2008-09-05 | 2009-08-24 | 氢氧化铬的制造方法 |
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CN101863512A (zh) * | 2010-04-15 | 2010-10-20 | 彭运林 | 一种含铬铝泥酸法回收利用工艺 |
CN101891251A (zh) * | 2010-04-15 | 2010-11-24 | 彭运林 | 一种含铬铝泥碱法回收利用工艺 |
WO2017073591A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-27 | 2017-05-04 | 山本 修 | クロム修飾型インプラント及びその製造方法 |
CN113772730A (zh) * | 2021-10-08 | 2021-12-10 | 上海良仁化工有限公司 | 含铬污泥制备硫酸铬钾的方法 |
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CN113735172B (zh) * | 2021-10-08 | 2023-04-07 | 上海良仁化工有限公司 | 含铬污泥制备细颗粒氢氧化铬的方法 |
CN114195190B (zh) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-09-15 | 斯瑞尔环境科技股份有限公司 | 一种易溶于酸的氢氧化铬的制备方法 |
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CN101863512A (zh) * | 2010-04-15 | 2010-10-20 | 彭运林 | 一种含铬铝泥酸法回收利用工艺 |
CN101891251A (zh) * | 2010-04-15 | 2010-11-24 | 彭运林 | 一种含铬铝泥碱法回收利用工艺 |
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JP6185679B1 (ja) * | 2015-10-27 | 2017-08-23 | 山本 修 | クロム修飾型インプラント及びその製造方法 |
CN113772730A (zh) * | 2021-10-08 | 2021-12-10 | 上海良仁化工有限公司 | 含铬污泥制备硫酸铬钾的方法 |
CN113772730B (zh) * | 2021-10-08 | 2023-03-10 | 上海良仁化工有限公司 | 含铬污泥制备硫酸铬钾的方法 |
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JPWO2010026886A1 (ja) | 2012-02-02 |
US20110162974A1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
CN102143916A (zh) | 2011-08-03 |
EP2322480A1 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
KR20110052733A (ko) | 2011-05-18 |
EP2322480A4 (en) | 2012-01-18 |
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