WO2010018744A1 - 超疎水性粉体、超疎水性表面を有する構造体及びそれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
超疎水性粉体、超疎水性表面を有する構造体及びそれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010018744A1 WO2010018744A1 PCT/JP2009/063327 JP2009063327W WO2010018744A1 WO 2010018744 A1 WO2010018744 A1 WO 2010018744A1 JP 2009063327 W JP2009063327 W JP 2009063327W WO 2010018744 A1 WO2010018744 A1 WO 2010018744A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- superhydrophobic
- silica
- water
- nanofiber
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/18—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/77—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof
- D06M11/78—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof with silicon; with halides or oxyhalides of silicon; with fluorosilicates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/02—Polyamines
- C08G73/0206—Polyalkylene(poly)amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/02—Polyamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
- C09D7/62—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
- C09D7/69—Particle size larger than 1000 nm
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/70—Additives characterised by shape, e.g. fibres, flakes or microspheres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/77—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof
- D06M11/79—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof with silicon dioxide, silicic acids or their salts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/643—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/38—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments
- D21H19/40—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/38—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments
- D21H19/42—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments at least partly organic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/16—Sizing or water-repelling agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/02—Ingredients treated with inorganic substances
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/10—Repellency against liquids
- D06M2200/12—Hydrophobic properties
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/02—Moisture-responsive characteristics
- D10B2401/021—Moisture-responsive characteristics hydrophobic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a superhydrophobic powder having a basic structure of an aggregate of silica-based nanofibers having a hydrophobic group, a structure having a superhydrophobic surface using the powder, and a method for producing them.
- the contact angle of the water droplet is 150 ° or more when the water droplet contacts the solid surface, it is defined as superhydrophobic.
- the range where the contact angle is 70 to 150 ° is defined as hydrophobic.
- hydrophobicity is expressed by covering a surface with molecular residues having a low surface tension, but superhydrophobicity is difficult to express only with molecular residues having a low surface tension.
- Non-Patent Document 3 After forming a zinc oxide nanocrystal seeds film on the surface of the glass substrate at a temperature of 400 ° C. or higher, an infinite number of rod-shaped zinc oxide nanofibers are grown on the glass substrate surface. It is expressed (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 3).
- a certain poor solvent is added to a solution of polypropylene, and it is cast on the surface of a substrate, and the temperature is adjusted, thereby forming a network structure composed of polypropylene nanoparticles, and thereby a contact angle.
- a glass composed of oxides of silicon, boron, and sodium has a phase separation structure, and it is further etched by chemical treatment to induce a concavo-convex structure on the surface, and finally a fluorine compound is applied to the surface.
- Superhydrophobicity can be expressed by reacting (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the surface is treated with a chemical method to induce a surface porous structure, and silica nanoparticles are fixed thereon, and finally a fluorinated alkyl. It is also known to construct a superhydrophobic boundary surface by hydrophobizing with a silane coupling agent having a group (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- Non-Patent Document 5 the technique proposed in Non-Patent Document 5 has a narrow application range and is not based on an industrially simple technique.
- the feet of amembo correspond to an aggregate of superhydrophobic powder.
- the structure of the leg of Amembo is super-hydrophobic, and by adding the buoyancy and surface tension of the water generated due to it, the body more than 25 times the weight of the leg can be floated on the water surface. By adding elasticity, the Amoebo can run so as to fly over the water surface (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 6).
- the development of superhydrophobic powder has high industrial utility value, especially if it can be synthesized by a simple manufacturing method using a large amount of silicon compounds existing in nature as a raw material. This is a highly anticipated issue.
- a problem to be solved by the present invention is to obtain a superhydrophobic powder having a silica-based powder with a water contact angle of 150 ° or more on the surface of the powder in a simple and reproducible manner. It is to provide a method of manufacturing and a structure having a superhydrophobic surface using the same.
- the present inventor is present on the surface of an aggregate of organic-inorganic composite nanofibers in which an organic polymer and an inorganic silica are combined on the nanometer order.
- the silica or the silica after the organic-inorganic composite nanofibers are baked to remove the polymer can be introduced with hydrophobic groups by a simple method, and from the aggregate obtained by introducing the hydrophobic groups thus obtained.
- the resulting powder was found to exhibit superhydrophobicity, and the present invention was completed.
- the present invention relates to a superhydrophobic powder containing an association of organic-inorganic composite nanofibers, in which the nanofiber is a polymer filament having a linear polyethyleneimine skeleton and a silica having a hydrophobic group. It is intended to provide a superhydrophobic powder characterized in that it is coated with a simple manufacturing method thereof.
- the present invention provides a superhydrophobic powder characterized in that a hydrophobic group is introduced into the silica of the nanofiber aggregate containing silica as a main constituent, and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention provides a structure having a superhydrophobic surface obtained by fixing the superhydrophobic powder obtained above on a solid substrate and a method for producing the structure.
- the superhydrophobic powder of the present invention can convert any solid surface to superhydrophobic by applying it to the surface of a base material of any material and shape.
- This can be applied to protective films for metals, metal oxides, fibers, wood, paper, leather, and plastics that can rust, rot, and get dirty with water. More specifically, structures such as buildings, car bodies, ship bodies, container structures, packages, glass products, pottery products (toilet bowls, entire bathrooms), pools, water pipes, electric wires, light bulbs, various carvers, etc. It can be applied to the protective film.
- household electrical appliances such as refrigerators, microwave ovens and washing machines, and electrical appliances for communication such as personal computers, televisions and mobile phones. It can also be applied to energy conversion-related fuel cell devices.
- 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the powder obtained in Synthesis Example 1.
- 4 is a scanning electron micrograph of the powder after firing obtained in Synthesis Example 2.
- 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of superhydrophobic powder 2 obtained in Example 2.
- FIG. It is a contact image of the superhydrophobic film
- 7 is a contact image of water droplets formed on the surface of a film produced in Example 7.
- 6 is a scanning electron micrograph of the film surface produced in Example 7.
- FIG. The left figure is a photograph in a large area range, and the right figure is an enlarged photograph of a portion surrounded by a circle in the left figure.
- 4 is a SEM photograph of powder (I-2) obtained in Synthesis Example 3. Above: Low magnification. Below: High magnification. 4 is a SEM photograph of powder (II-2) obtained in Synthesis Example 4. Above: Low magnification. Below: High magnification. It is a water contact angle photograph in Example 14. 4 is a TEM photograph of superhydrophobic powder 7 obtained in Example 14. Left figure: Before polyethyl methacrylate is adsorbed, Right figure: After adsorption 7 is a thermal analysis (TG-DTA) chart of superhydrophobic powder 7 obtained in Example 14. FIG. It is the wettability photograph in the film
- TG-DTA thermal analysis
- the present inventors have already used a crystalline aggregate in which a polymer having a linear polyethyleneimine skeleton grows in an aqueous medium in a self-organizing manner as a reaction field, and hydrolyzes alkoxysilane on the surface of the aggregate in a solution.
- a silica-containing nanostructure (powder) having a complex shape with nanofibers as a basic unit and a method for producing the same were provided (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-264421, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (See JP 2005-336440 A, JP 2006-063097 A, JP 2007-051056 A).
- the basic principle of this technique is to spontaneously grow a crystalline aggregate of a linear polyethyleneimine skeleton-containing polymer in a solution. Once a crystalline aggregate is formed, the crystalline aggregate is then simply used. A silica source is mixed in the dispersion liquid, and the deposition of the silica only on the surface of the crystalline aggregate is allowed to leave naturally (so-called sol-gel reaction).
- the silica-containing nanostructure obtained in this way basically has nanofabric as a unit for structure formation, and since the shape of the entire structure is induced by the spatial arrangement of these units, there are many nano-level gaps, It is a powder with a large surface area.
- Such a powder is very similar to the basic structure necessary for developing superhydrophobicity in nature, that is, nanofibers aggregate to form a micrometer dimension. Therefore, it is considered that superhydrophobicity can be expressed by modifying the powder surface with a chemical residue having a low surface tension.
- the present inventors have developed a silica-containing nanostructure on the order of micrometer (a silica-containing nanostructure) having a basic structure of a nanofiber derived from a polymer having a linear polyethyleneimine skeleton. It was found that the powder itself can be made superhydrophobic by introducing a hydrophobic group into the powder surface, which is a structure composed of basic units in the metric order.
- a silica-containing nanostructure having a basic structure of a nanofiber derived from a polymer having a linear polyethyleneimine skeleton.
- a filament is a polymer chain formed by crystallization of a plurality of linear polyethyleneimine skeleton portions in a polymer chain having a linear polyethyleneimine skeleton used in the present invention in the presence of water molecules. Are associated with each other and grow into a fibrous form.
- a sol-gel reaction occurs on the surface of the filament, an organic-inorganic composite nanofiber in which the filament is coated with silica is formed.
- a plurality of organic-inorganic nanofibers are bonded or aggregated by silica.
- a silica-containing nanostructure (powder) that is an aggregate of organic-inorganic nanofibers is formed.
- the polymer (A) having a linear polyethyleneimine skeleton (a) used in the present invention is a copolymer having other repeating units, even if it is a linear, star-like, or comb-like homopolymer. There may be.
- the molar ratio of the linear polyethyleneimine skeleton (a) in the polymer (A) is preferably 20% or more from the viewpoint of forming a stable filament. It is more preferable that it is a block copolymer in which the number of repeating units in (a) is 10 or more.
- the polymer (A) having the linear polyethyleneimine skeleton (a) the higher the ability to form a crystalline aggregate, the better. Accordingly, whether it is a homopolymer or a copolymer, the molecular weight corresponding to the linear polyethyleneimine skeleton (a) portion is preferably in the range of 500 to 1,000,000.
- the polymer (A) having the linear polyethyleneimine skeleton (a) can be obtained from a commercially available product or a synthesis method already disclosed by the present inventors (see the above-mentioned patent document).
- the superhydrophobic powder provided by the present invention is a group of organic-inorganic composite nanofibers (I) in which the filament of the polymer (A) having the linear polyethyleneimine skeleton (a) is coated with silica (B).
- the silica (B) is obtained by a sol-gel reaction on the filament surface in the presence of the filament of the polymer (A).
- a silica source necessary for the formation of the silica (B) for example, alkoxysilane , Water glass, hexafluorosilicon ammonium and the like can be used.
- alkoxysilanes tetramethoxysilane, oligomers of methoxysilane condensates, tetraethoxysilane, oligomers of ethoxysilane condensates can be suitably used.
- alkyl-substituted alkoxysilanes such as methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltriethoxysilane, iso-propyltrimethoxysilane, iso-propyltriethoxysilane, etc., 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycid Xylpropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercap
- silica metal compounds can be mixed with the silica source.
- tetrabutoxytitanium, tetraisopropoxytitanium, or an aqueous solution of titanium bis (ammonium lactate) dihydroxide stable in an aqueous medium an aqueous solution of titanium bis (lactate), a propanol / water mixture of titanium bis (lactate), titanium (ethyl) Acetoacetate) diisopropoxide, titanium sulfate, hexafluorotitanium ammonium and the like can be used.
- Metal ions can be stably taken into the organic-inorganic composite nanofiber (I), and therefore a superhydrophobic powder containing metal ions can be obtained.
- the metal ions coordinate with the ethyleneimine units in the skeleton to form metal ion complexes.
- the metal ion complex is obtained by coordination of a metal ion to an ethyleneimine unit. Unlike a process such as ionic bonding, the metal ion is coordinated to an ethyleneimine unit regardless of whether the metal ion is a cation or an anion. Can form a complex.
- the metal species of the metal ion is not limited as long as it can coordinate with the ethyleneimine unit in the polymer (A), and is not limited to alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, metalloid, lanthanum metal, poly Any of metal compounds such as oxometalates may be used, and they may be used alone or in combination.
- alkali metal examples include Li, Na, K, Cs and the like
- counter ions of the alkali metal ions include Cl, Br, I, NO 3 , SO 4 , PO 4 , ClO 4 , PF 6
- examples thereof include BF 4 and F 3 CSO 3 .
- alkaline earth metals examples include Mg, Ba, Ca and the like.
- transition metal-based metal ion even if it is a transition metal cation (M n + ), an acid group anion (MO x n ⁇ ) composed of a bond with oxygen, or an anion composed of a halogen bond ( ML x n ⁇ ) can also be preferably used.
- the transition metal refers to Sc, Y in Group 3 of the periodic table and a transition metal element in Groups 4 to 12 in the 4th to 6th periods.
- transition metal cations include cations of various transition metals (M n + ), such as Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, and Ag. , Cd, W, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, monovalent, divalent, trivalent or tetravalent cations.
- the counter anion of these metal cations may be any of Cl, NO 3 , SO 4 , polyoxometalates anions, or organic anions of carboxylic acids.
- it is preferable to prepare an ionic complex by suppressing the reduction reaction for example, by adjusting the pH to acidic conditions.
- transition metal anion examples include various transition metal anions (MO x n ⁇ ) such as MnO 4 , MoO 4 , ReO 4 , WO 3 , RuO 4 , CoO 4 , CrO 4 , VO 3 , NiO 4 , UO 2. Anions and the like.
- Specific examples of the polyoxometalates include molybdate, tungstate and vanadate in combination with a transition metal cation.
- anions containing various metals such as AuCl 4 , PtCl 6 , RhCl 4 , ReF 6 , NiF 6 , CuF 6 , RuCl 6 , In 2 Cl 6, etc.
- the coordinated anion can also be suitably used for forming an ion complex.
- examples of the metalloid ions include ions of Al, Ga, In, Tl, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, and Bi, and among them, ions of Al, Ga, In, Sn, Pb, and Tl are preferable.
- Examples of the lanthanum metal ions include trivalent cations such as La, Eu, Gd, Yb, and Eu.
- metal ions can be taken into the organic-inorganic composite nanofiber (I). Accordingly, among these metal ions, metal ions that are easily reduced by a reduction reaction can be converted into metal nanoparticles, whereby a superhydrophobic powder containing metal nanoparticles can be obtained.
- the metal species of the metal nanoparticles include copper, silver, gold, platinum, palladium, manganese, nickel, rhodium, cobalt, ruthenium, rhenium, molybdenum, iron, and the like.
- the particles may be one kind or two or more kinds.
- silver, gold, platinum, and palladium are particularly preferable because the metal ions are spontaneously reduced at room temperature or in a heated state after being coordinated to the ethyleneimine unit.
- the size of the metal nanoparticles in the superhydrophobic powder can be controlled in the range of 1 to 20 nm.
- a metal nanoparticle can be fixed to the inside of an organic inorganic composite nanofiber (I) of a polymer (A) and silica (B), or an outer surface.
- the linear polyethyleneimine skeleton (a) in the polymer (A) is physically bonded with a compound having an amino group, a hydroxy group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, or a phosphoric acid group, and hydrogen bonds and / or electrostatic attraction.
- a bonded structure can be constructed. Therefore, it is possible to contain organic dye molecules having these functional groups in the superhydrophobic powder.
- organic dye molecule a monofunctional acidic compound or a bifunctional or higher polyfunctional acidic compound can be suitably used.
- aromatic acids such as tetraphenylporphyrin tetracarboxylic acid and pyrene dicarboxylic acid, naphthalene disulfonic acid, pyrene disulfonic acid, pyrene tetrasulfonic acid, anthraquinone disulfonic acid, tetraphenyl porphyrin tetrasulfonic acid, phthalocyanine tetra Aromatic or aliphatic sulfonic acids such as sulfonic acid and pipes (PIPES), acid yellow, acid blue, acid red, direct blue, direct yellow, direct red series azo dyes and the like can be mentioned.
- a dye having a xanthene skeleton for example, rhodamine, erythrosine, and eosin dyes can be used.
- the size of the organic-inorganic composite nanofiber (I) is the molecular weight and shape of the polymer (A) used, the content of the linear polyethyleneimine skeleton (a), and the type and use ratio of the silica source used.
- the organic-inorganic composite nanofiber (I) having a thickness of 10 to 100 nm and an aspect ratio of 10 or more can be easily produced.
- the content of the polymer (A) in the organic-inorganic composite nanofiber (I) can be adjusted to 5 to 30% by mass, and the polymer (A) is included as a filament shape as described above.
- the organic-inorganic composite nanofibers (I) are randomly arranged in a three-dimensional space during the production process (during sol-gel reaction) to form an aggregate (silica-containing nanostructure) having a size of 2 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the surface area of the powder composed of such aggregates is in the range of 50 to 200 m 2 / g.
- the method for producing the organic-inorganic composite nanofiber (I) and the aggregate thereof may be any method described in the patent literature already provided by the present inventors.
- Nanofibers (II) mainly composed of silica When the aggregate of the organic-inorganic composite nanofiber (I) described above is heated and fired, the polymer (B) contained therein is removed while maintaining the shape, and the nanofiber (II) containing silica as the main constituent (II) ) Can be obtained.
- silica as a main constituent means that, for example, the polymer (A) or the carbon atom in the organic dye molecule used in combination is carbonized and contained, or the metal ion or metal is not baked.
- metal atoms may be contained, but the shape of the nanofiber is formed by silica (B), and the content of silica (B) is Usually 90 mass% or more, preferably 98 mass% or more.
- the firing temperature may be 500 ° C. or higher, and is preferably 800 ° C. or lower from the viewpoint of energy efficiency.
- the firing time can be appropriately set depending on the temperature.
- the temperature may be 1 hour at a temperature higher than 500 ° C., and it is desired to calcinate for 2 hours or more near 500 ° C.
- the structure of the aggregate obtained by firing is the same as before firing, and the nanofiber (II) has a thickness of 10 to 100 nm and an aspect ratio of 10 or more.
- the nanofiber of this thickness is random in a three-dimensional space.
- the aggregate formed by the arrangement still maintains a size of 2 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the specific surface area of the powder obtained after calcination is larger than that before calcination, and is approximately 100 to 400 m 2 / g.
- Silica (B) exists on the surface of the above-mentioned organic-inorganic composite nanofiber (I) or nanofiber (II) containing silica as a main component, and a part of the silica is present as a silanol group. There is also a part. Any compound that can react with the silanol group and has a hydrophobic group can be chemically bonded to silica (B). Therefore, a compound in which a hydrophobic group is introduced by a chemical bond is a compound in which the organic-inorganic composite nanofiber (I) has a polymer (A) filament having a linear polyethyleneimine skeleton (a) and a hydrophobic group. This is a superhydrophobic powder coated with silica (B) to which (X1) is chemically bonded.
- hydrophobic group examples include an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and an aromatic group which may have a substituent (the substituent includes an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, a fluorinated alkyl group, Hydrophobic groups such as partially fluorinated alkyl groups), fluorinated alkyl groups having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and partially fluorinated alkyl groups having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
- the compound (X1) contains
- the silane coupling agent (x) having a hydrophobic group is preferably used alone or in combination. At this time, by adjusting the contact amount with the silane coupling agent (x) having a hydrophobic group, the obtained powder can be adjusted to be hydrophobic to superhydrophobic.
- silane coupling agent (x) examples include methyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltriethoxysilane, and iso-propyltrimethoxy.
- examples thereof include alkyltrimethoxysilanes or alkyltrichlorosilanes having an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, such as silane, iso-propyltriethoxysilane, pentyltrimethoxysilane, and hexyltrimethoxysilane.
- a (partially) silane coupling agent having a fluorinated alkyl group such as 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane, tridecafluoro-1, 1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl) trichlorosilane and the like can also be used.
- phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, p-chloromethylphenyltrimethoxysilane, p-chloromethylphenyltriethoxysilane, etc. can be taken up as silane coupling agents having an aromatic group.
- the superhydrophobic powder introduced with a superhydrophobic group by the chemical bond described above has a reactive functional group added to the superhydrophobic powder in order to make it easy to fix it on a solid substrate of any shape / material. It is preferable to introduce.
- the introduction of this reactive functional group is preferably the same technique as the introduction of the hydrophobic group described above, that is, the technique by contact with the silane coupling agent (y) having a reactive functional group.
- silane coupling agent (y) having a reactive functional group examples include ⁇ -methacryloylpropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ - (2-aminoethyl) aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ - (2-hydroxylethyl) aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ - (2-aminoethyl) aminopropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ - (2-hydroxylethyl) aminopropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ - (2-aminoethyl) Aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ - (2-aminoethyl) aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, ⁇ - (2-hydroxylethyl) aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ - (2-hydroxylethyl) aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, or ⁇ -
- the introduction ratio of the reactive functional group is not particularly limited, but it is bonded to silica (B) from the viewpoint of balancing the point of being easily fixed on a solid substrate and maintaining superhydrophobicity.
- the molar ratio (X) / (X + Y) between the hydrophobic group (X) and the reactive functional group (Y) is preferably in the range of 0.2-1.
- the organic-inorganic composite nanofiber (I) aggregate or nanofiber (II) aggregate is dispersed in a solvent and mixed with a compound having a hydrophobic group.
- Well preferably contains a solution of a silane coupling agent (x) having a hydrophobic group, or a silane coupling agent (x) having a hydrophobic group and a silane coupling agent (y) having a reactive functional group It is a method of mixing with the solution to be.
- the silane coupling agent (x) having a hydrophobic group and the silane coupling agent (y) having a reactive functional group should be dissolved in a solvent such as chloroform, methylene chloride, cyclohexanone, xylene, toluene, ethanol, methanol, etc. Can do. These solvents can be used alone or in combination.
- the total concentration of the silane coupling agents (x) and (y) can be suitably used as long as it is 1 to 5% by mass, and particularly mixed with an ethanol solution of 1 to 5% by mass ammonia water. More preferably, it is used.
- the volume ratio upon mixing is preferably 5 to 10 times the amount of the aqueous ammonia solution relative to the silane coupling agent solution.
- the hydrophobic group introduced into the resulting superhydrophobic powder is reactive.
- the molar ratio (x) / (x + y) is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 1 so that the molar ratio with the functional group is within the above-mentioned preferable range.
- the time for mixing with the above solution is preferably 10 to 24 hours.
- the powder which is an aggregate which consists of nanofiber (II) which does not contain polymer (A) if mixing time is 2 hours or more, a hydrophobic group can be introduce
- Silica forming the surface of the aggregate of the nanofiber (I) or nanofiber (II) has the ability to physically adsorb the compound (X2) having a hydrophobic group. By applying this capability, the free energy on the surface of the nanofiber (I) or nanofiber (II) can be reduced to obtain a superhydrophobic powder.
- Examples of the compound (X2) having a hydrophobic group include a hydrophobic polymer (X2-1), an amphiphilic polymer (X2-2), a long-chain alkyl group-containing compound (X2-3), or a fluorine-containing compound. (X2-4).
- the compound (X2) having a hydrophobic group may be any compound that has a hydrophobic portion (group) in the compound or has a hydrophobic property as the compound. In the present application, there is no clear “hydrophobic group”, but it is a compound that exhibits hydrophobicity in that it does not mix with water at an arbitrary ratio. In the present application, as a compound (X2) having a hydrophobic group Include.
- poly (meth) acrylates can be preferably used. Specifically, polymethyl (meth) acrylate, polyethyl (meth) acrylate, polybutyl (meth) acrylate, polybenzyl (meth) acrylate, polycyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, poly t-butyl (meth) acrylate, polyglycidyl (meth) Acrylates, polypentafluoropropyl (meth) acrylates, etc., and general-purpose polystyrenes, polyvinyl chlorides, polyvinyl acetates, epoxy resins, polyesters, polyimides, polycarbonates, and other polymers that do not dissolve easily in water. it can.
- amphiphilic polymer (X2-2) examples include polyacrylamides such as poly N-isobutyl acrylamide, poly N and N-dimethyl acrylamide, and polyoxazolines such as polymethyl oxazoline, polyethyl oxazoline, and polyvinyl oxazoline.
- polyacrylamides such as poly N-isobutyl acrylamide, poly N and N-dimethyl acrylamide
- polyoxazolines such as polymethyl oxazoline, polyethyl oxazoline, and polyvinyl oxazoline.
- Polyphenyloxazoline, polypropylene oxide and the like can be preferably used.
- alkylamine alkylcarboxylic acid, alkylsulfonic acid, alkylphosphoric acid and the like, which are compounds having an alkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, can be preferably used.
- fluorine-containing compound (X2-4) examples include 2,3,4-heptafluorobutyl methacrylate, FLUONATE K-700, K702, K703, K-704, K-705, K-707, manufactured by DIC Corporation. K-708 or the like can be preferably used.
- the compound (X2) can be dissolved, and at the same time, it is desirable to maintain affinity with silica.
- Specific examples include toluene, furan tetrahydride, methylene chloride, chloroform, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, xylene and the like.
- the compound (X2) having a concentration of 1 to 5% by mass can be suitably used.
- the mass ratio (X2) / (I) or (II) of the compound (X2) to the nanofiber (I) or (II) is preferably 5/100 to 100/100.
- nanofiber (I) or (II) is previously dispersed in a solvent miscible with the solvent in which compound (X2) is dispersed, and then added to the solvent of compound (X2) and stirred. May be.
- the mixture After stirring and mixing for a certain period of time, the mixture is filtered or centrifuged, and the solid content is washed with a solvent such as toluene, chloroform, hexane, cyclohexane, etc., and dried at room temperature, whereby the superhydrophobic powder of the present invention Can be obtained.
- a solvent such as toluene, chloroform, hexane, cyclohexane, etc.
- the superhydrophobic powder of the present invention obtained by the above method has no water wettability and can only float on the water surface as a powder even when dispersed in water. This is completely different from completely sinking in water before the introduction of the hydrophobic group.
- a structure having a superhydrophobic surface can be obtained by bonding and fixing the superhydrophobic powder of the present invention to the surface of a solid substrate. Adhesion fixation is easily achieved by mixing the powder with a polymer solution, silica sol solution, or commercially available paint, adhesive, etc., applying the mixture to the surface of the substrate, and drying it as necessary. it can.
- the superhydrophobic surface is a state in which superhydrophobic powder is fixed to the surface of the coating film. That is, it is characterized in that a polymer or silica sol or the like forms a continuous film as a binder, and structures derived from the superhydrophobic powder of the present invention are distributed at regular intervals on the surface of the continuous film.
- the polymer that can be used for the binder layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a hydrophobic polymer.
- the hydrophobic polymer include polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, polycarbonate, polyester, and epoxy resin.
- the reactive functional group is a glycidyl group or an amino group
- an epoxy resin is used as a binder resin.
- a reactive functional group is a (meth) acryloyl group
- UV hardening by using together the monomer which has a (meth) acryloyl group.
- silica sol or metal oxide sol dispersed in alcohol can be used as the binder layer.
- methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, etc. can be taken up as alcohols.
- a commercially available paint or a commercially available adhesive can be used as the binder layer of the coating film.
- the contact angle of the superhydrophobic surface obtained above can be changed in the range of 150 to 179 °.
- a contact angle of 70 to 150 ° which is a general hydrophobicity level the use ratio of the superhydrophobic powder of the present invention is decreased.
- the density of the powder may be lowered.
- the solid substrate can be selected according to the material used for the binder layer, and examples thereof include glass, metal, metal oxide, wood, paper, fiber, plastic, rubber, leather, etc. There is no particular limitation, and any shape that can be applied with a polymer solution or silica sol may be used.
- the method for fixing and adhering the superhydrophobic powder to the surface of the solid substrate is not particularly limited, and the coating liquid containing the powder is appropriately applied by a usual coating method such as a spin coater, bar coater, brushing, spray or the like. What is necessary is just to apply.
- the film obtained by coating can be cured by a process such as UV curing, heat curing, or natural drying.
- the superhydrophobic powder of the present invention is easily wetted by organic solvents other than water and can be easily dispersed.
- the medium that can dissolve or disperse the binder may be any solvent other than water, and a mixed medium of an organic solvent and water can also be used.
- the superhydrophobic powder must be exposed to the surface of the coating film. Therefore, it is desirable that the thickness of the coating film is within a certain range, for example, 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m. The thinner the coating film, the more the powder will protrude on the surface of the coating film, and the contact angle of water can be increased.
- the horizontal distance between the powders exposed on the coating film surface is an important structural element for the expression of superhydrophobicity of the entire film. If the horizontal distance between the powder structures is 1 to 20 ⁇ m, the superhydrophobicity can be sufficiently expressed, but the contact angle of water can be increased to about 150 ° even if the distance is longer than that, depending on the intended use. It is preferable to adjust.
- the specific surface area was measured by Flow Sorb II 2300 (manufactured by Micrometrics).
- Synthesis example 1 [Synthesis of organic-inorganic composite nanofiber (I) aggregate] Powders having different shapes were prepared by the methods disclosed in patent documents (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2005-264421, 2005-336440, 2006-063097, and 2007-051056).
- the powder was dissolved in 5 mL of distilled water, and 50 mL of 15% aqueous ammonia was added dropwise to the solution while stirring. The mixture was allowed to stand overnight, the precipitated powder was filtered, and the powder was washed 3 times with cold water. The washed powder was dried in a desiccator at room temperature (25 ° C.) to obtain linear polyethyleneimine (P5K-1). The yield was 4.5 g (containing crystallization water). In polyethyleneimine obtained by hydrolysis of polyoxazoline, only the side chain reacts and the main chain does not change. Therefore, the polymerization degree of P5K-1 is the same as that of 5,000 before hydrolysis.
- FIG. 1 shows an SEM photograph of the obtained powder (I-1). It was confirmed to be an assembly of nanofibers.
- thermogravimetric loss analysis of the powder (I-1) thus obtained (TG / DTA6300 manufactured by SII Nano Technology Inc.), it was confirmed that the polymer content was 7%.
- specific surface area was measured (Flow Sorb II 2300 manufactured by Micrometrics), and as a result, it was 105 m 2 / g.
- Synthesis example 2 [Synthesis of nanofiber (II) aggregate mainly composed of silica] 5 g of the powder (I-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was heated in an electric furnace at 600 ° C. for 2 hours under air introduction conditions to remove the polyethyleneimine contained in the powder (I-1), and white A powder (II-1) was obtained. The specific surface area was 187 m 2 / g.
- FIG. 2 shows an SEM photograph of powder (II-1). It was suggested that there was no change in the nanofiber structure after firing.
- Example 1 [Synthesis of superhydrophobic powder 1] 50 mL of 2% ammonia in ethanol and 5 mL of 20% decyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS) in chloroform were mixed, 0.5 g of powder (I-1) was added to the mixture, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. . After filtering the reaction solution, the obtained powder was washed with ethanol three times. The dried powder did not sink at all in the water and floated on the water surface. This was completely different from the tendency of the powder (I-1) before hydrophobization treatment to completely sink in water.
- DTMS decyltrimethoxysilane
- the obtained powder was adhered to a double-sided tape to form a surface made of powder, and when the contact angle was measured, the contact angle of water was 177.5 °. It was strongly suggested that the membrane state of the powder was superhydrophobic. This is designated as superhydrophobic powder 1.
- Example 2 [Synthesis of superhydrophobic powder 2] 50 mL of an ethanol solution of 2% ammonia and 5 mL of a chloroform solution of 20 wt% decyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS) were mixed, 0.5 g of powder (II-1) was added to the mixture, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. After filtering the reaction solution, the obtained powder was washed with ethanol three times. The thermogravimetric loss of the powder after drying (between 150 and 800 ° C.) was 8.4%. This corresponds to the amount of organic residues due to introduction of the silane coupling agent. This powder did not sink at all in the water and floated on the water surface. This was completely different from the fact that the powder (II-1) before the hydrophobization treatment tended to completely sink in water.
- FIG. 3 shows an SEM photograph of the powder.
- Example 3 [Synthesis of superhydrophobic powder 3] Mix 50 mL of 2% ammonia ethanol solution and 5 mL of chloroform solution containing 6% silane coupling agent [5% decyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS) and 1% aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (ATMS)]. was added with 0.5 g of powder (II-1) and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. After filtering the reaction solution, the obtained powder was washed with ethanol three times. The thermogravimetric loss of the powder after drying (between 150 and 800 ° C.) was 7.5%. The powder floated on the surface of the water without sinking at all.
- DTMS decyltrimethoxysilane
- ATMS aminopropyltrimethoxysilane
- the obtained powder was adhered to a double-sided tape to form a surface made of powder, and then the contact angle of water was measured. As a result, the contact angle of water was 168 °. It was strongly suggested that the membrane state of the powder was superhydrophobic. This is designated as superhydrophobic powder 3.
- Example 4 Synthesis of superhydrophobic powder 4
- Mix 50 mL of 2% ammonia ethanol solution and 5 mL of chloroform solution containing 6% silane coupling agent [5% decyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS) and 1% methacryloylpropyltrimethoxysilane (ATMS)] was added with 0.5 g of powder (II-1) and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. After filtering the reaction solution, the obtained powder was washed with ethanol three times. The thermogravimetric loss of the powder after drying (between 150 and 800 ° C.) was 8.3%. The dried powder did not sink at all in the water and floated on the water surface.
- DTMS decyltrimethoxysilane
- ATMS methacryloylpropyltrimethoxysilane
- the obtained powder was adhered to a double-sided tape to form a surface made of powder, and then the contact angle of water was measured. As a result, the contact angle of water was 176 °. It was strongly suggested that the membrane state of the powder was superhydrophobic. This is designated as superhydrophobic powder 4.
- Example 6 [Superhydrophobic membrane on filter paper using superhydrophobic powder 2 (brush method)] The same dispersion used in Example 5 was brushed on the filter paper. When the surface contact angle was measured after drying it at room temperature, the contact angle was 178 °. The filter paper did not get wet.
- Example 7 [Superhydrophobic film on glass using superhydrophobic powder 2 (casting method)] A dispersion similar to that in Example 5 was cast on a glass slide using a bar coater. The cast film thus obtained was dried at room temperature and then the surface contact angle was measured. The contact angle was 179.6 ° (15 ⁇ L water droplets) (FIG. 5).
- the glass surface was observed with an SEM (FIG. 6). From the SEM photograph image, it can be seen that the particles derived from the powder spread on the film surface in a fixed state. From the enlarged image, it can be seen that the powder is dispersed at intervals of 5 ⁇ m or more.
- Example 8 [Superhydrophobic membrane on wood using superhydrophobic powder 2 (brush method)] The same dispersion used in Example 5 was brushed onto a wooden board that had not been surface-treated. After drying it at room temperature and dropping water drops, the water was completely repelled and the wood surface did not get wet.
- Mw 120,000, manufacturer, product number
- Example 10 [Superhydrophobic film (brush method) on stainless steel plate using superhydrophobic powder 2] The same dispersion used in Example 9 was applied to a stainless steel petri dish (Takizawa Rika, 50 ⁇ 50 ⁇ 0.6 mm) with a brush. After drying it at room temperature and dropping water drops, the water was completely repelled and the metal surface did not get wet.
- Example 11 [Superhydrophobic membrane on the inner wall of glass tube using superhydrophobic powder 2 (dipping method)] The same dispersion used in Example 9 was sucked into a glass pipette (inner diameter 6 mm, length 8 cm), held for 2 hours, and then the liquid was extruded. After the glass pipette was dried at room temperature, water was sucked into the glass pipette and the test was performed to push out the water again. No water droplets adhered to the glass wall, and the absorbed water could be completely transferred to another container without reducing its weight.
- Synthesis example 3 100 g of commercially available polyethyloxazoline (number average molecular weight 500,000, average polymerization degree 5,000, manufactured by Aldrich) was dissolved in 300 mL of 5M aqueous hydrochloric acid. The solution was heated to 90 ° C. in an oil bath and stirred at that temperature for 10 hours. Acetone 50 mL was added to the reaction solution to completely precipitate the polymer, which was filtered and washed three times with methanol to obtain a white polyethyleneimine powder.
- the powder was dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water, and 500 mL of 15% ammonia water was added dropwise to the solution while stirring. The mixture was allowed to stand overnight, the precipitated powder was filtered, and the powder was washed 3 times with cold water. The washed powder was dried in a desiccator at room temperature (25 ° C.) to obtain linear polyethyleneimine (P5K-2). The yield was 94 g (containing crystallization water). In polyethyleneimine obtained by hydrolysis of polyoxazoline, only the side chain reacts and the main chain does not change. Therefore, the polymerization degree of P5K-2 is the same as that of 5,000 before hydrolysis.
- FIG. 7 shows an SEM photograph of the obtained powder (I-2). It was confirmed to be an assembly of nanofibers.
- Synthesis example 4 5 g of the powder (I-2) obtained in Synthesis Example 3 was heated in an electric furnace at 600 ° C. for 2 hours under air introduction conditions to remove the polyethyleneimine contained in the powder (I-2), and white A powder (II-2) was obtained. The specific surface area was 208 m 2 / g.
- FIG. 8 shows an SEM photograph of the powder (II-2). It was suggested that there was no change in the nanofiber structure after firing.
- Example 12 [Synthesis of superhydrophobic powder 5 adsorbed with polybutyl acrylate] 200 mg of polybutyl acrylate was dissolved in 20 mL of toluene, 200 mg of powder (I-2) was added to the solution, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. After filtering the mixed solution, the obtained powder was washed with toluene three times. The powder after drying did not sink in water, but floated on the water surface. This was completely different from the tendency of the powder (I-2) before hydrophobization to completely sink in water.
- the obtained powder was adhered to a double-sided tape to form a surface made of powder, and then the contact angle of water was measured.
- the contact angle of water was 178.4 °. It was strongly suggested that the membrane state of the powder was superhydrophobic. This is designated as superhydrophobic powder 5.
- Example 13 Synthesis of superhydrophobic powder 2 adsorbed with polymethyl methacrylate
- a powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that polymethyl methacrylate was used instead of polybutyl acrylate.
- the powder after drying did not sink in water, but floated on the water surface.
- Example 14 Synthesis of superhydrophobic powder 3 adsorbed with polyethyl methacrylate
- a powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that polyethyl methacrylate was used instead of polybutyl acrylate and powder (II-2) was used instead of powder (I-2). It was. The powder after drying did not sink in water, but floated on the water surface. This was completely different from the tendency of the powder (II-2) before hydrophobization to completely sink in water. As a result of analysis of thermogravimetric loss, the polymer adsorption rate was 12.9%.
- FIG. 10 shows a TEM photograph of the powder 7. Although the silica surface of the powder (II-2) before polymer adsorption was smooth, it was observed that particles having a size of several nanometers spread over the silica surface after polymer adsorption. That is, it was confirmed that the polymer was in a state of forming a nanometer order thin film on the surface of the nanofiber.
- FIG. 11 shows a thermal analysis chart of this powder.
- the thermal decomposition temperature of the polymer alone was around 327 ° C., but the heat resistance of the polymer adsorbed on the powder 7 was improved and the thermal decomposition temperature was shifted to 409 ° C.
- the polymer adsorbed on the nanofiber surface in the form of a nano thin film is considered to have formed a hybrid structure with silica on the nanometer order.
- FIG. 12 shows a wet state of water droplets.
- the powder obtained after soaking in water hexane and toluene was bonded to a double-sided tape, the water droplets were spherical and there was no wettability.
- the powder obtained after being immersed in methanol, ethanol, chloroform, acetone, and THF was adhered to the double-sided tape, all were wet.
- FIG. 13 shows the wet state.
- the water droplets were in a round shape.
- the surface was not easily wetted by water droplets, the water droplets did not spread as seen in FIG. 12, and the water droplets maintained an oval or spherical shape.
- Example 15 Synthesis of superhydrophobic powder 8 adsorbed with fluorine-containing compound
- a powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 14 except that 200 mg of poly (2,3,4-heptafluorobutyl methacrylate) was used instead of polyethyl methacrylate.
- the powder after drying did not sink in water, but floated on the water surface.
- thermogravimetric loss the polymer adsorption rate was 9.8%. This is designated as superhydrophobic powder 8.
- Example 16 Synthesis of superhydrophobic powder 9 adsorbed with tetradecylamine
- powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 14 except that tetradecylamine was used instead of polyethyl methacrylate and the stirring time at room temperature was 6 hours.
- the powder after drying did not sink in water, but floated on the water surface.
- the adsorption rate of tetradecylamine was 10.5%. This is designated as superhydrophobic powder 9.
- Example 17 Synthesis of superhydrophobic powder 10 adsorbed with poly (ethyloxazoline)
- a powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 14 except that poly (ethyloxazoline) was used instead of polyethyl methacrylate.
- the powder after drying did not sink in water, but floated on the water surface.
- the adsorption rate of poly (ethyloxazoline) was 11.3%. This is designated as superhydrophobic powder 10.
- Example 18 [Superhydrophobic membrane on filter paper using superhydrophobic powder 7 (dipping method)] After adding the superhydrophobic powder 7 (10 mg) obtained in Example 14 to 500 mg of an aqueous polyurethane resin (manufactured by DIC Corporation, nonionic, prepared by adding water to a nonvolatile content of 10%) and uniformly dispersing The filter paper was immersed in the dispersion for 15 minutes. After removing the filter paper and drying at room temperature, water drops were dropped on the filter paper, but the water drops blew completely.
- an aqueous polyurethane resin manufactured by DIC Corporation, nonionic, prepared by adding water to a nonvolatile content of 10%
- Example 19 [Superhydrophobic membrane on filter paper using superhydrophobic powder 7 (brush method)] The same dispersion used in Example 18 was brushed on the filter paper. When the surface contact angle was measured after drying at room temperature, the contact angle was 154 °. The filter paper did not get wet.
- Example 20 [Superhydrophobic film on glass using superhydrophobic powder 7 (casting method)] A dispersion similar to that in Example 18 was cast on a glass slide using a bar coater. The cast film thus obtained was dried at room temperature and then the surface contact angle was measured. The contact angle was 166 °.
- Example 21 [Superhydrophobic film on wood using superhydrophobic powder 7 (brush method)] The same dispersion used in Example 18 was brushed onto a wooden board that had not been surface-treated. After drying it at room temperature and dropping water drops, the water was completely repelled and the wood surface did not get wet.
- Example 22 [Superhydrophobic film on cowhide using superhydrophobic powder 10 (dipping method)] A dispersion was prepared in the same manner as in Example 18 except that the superhydrophobic powder 10 obtained in Example 17 was used instead of the superhydrophobic powder 7 in Example 18. A cut-off piece of cowhide that was not surface-treated was immersed in the dispersion for 1 hour. After removing the cowhide and drying at room temperature, water droplets were dropped on it, but the water droplets completely repelled and the wettability was lost.
- Example 23 [Superhydrophobic film on the inner wall of glass tube using superhydrophobic powder 6 (dipping method)]
- a dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 18 except that the superhydrophobic powder 6 obtained in Example 13 was used instead of the superhydrophobic powder 7.
- the dispersion was sucked into a glass pipette (inner diameter 6 mm, length 8 cm) and held for 2 hours, and then the liquid was extruded. After the glass pipette was dried at 60 ° C., the test was performed by sucking water into the glass pipette and pushing out the water again. No water droplets adhered to the glass wall, and the absorbed water could be completely transferred to another container without reducing its weight.
- the contact angle in the film state was measured in the same manner as in the example, and it was confirmed that all the powders were the same as the contact angle before being stirred in water and the superhydrophobicity was maintained.
- the superhydrophobic powder of the present invention can be used for building bodies, car bodies, ship bodies, container structures, packages, glass products, pottery products (toilet bowls, entire bathrooms), pools, water pipes, electric wires, light bulbs, various carvers, etc. Applicable to protective film of structure. Furthermore, it can also be used for surface coating of household electrical appliances such as refrigerators, microwave ovens and washing machines, and electrical appliances for communication such as personal computers, televisions and mobile phones. It can also be used for energy conversion-related fuel cell devices.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明で用いる直鎖状ポリエチレンイミン骨格(a)を有するポリマー(A)としては、線状、星状、櫛状構造の単独重合体であっても、他の繰り返し単位を有する共重合体であっても良い。共重合体の場合には、該ポリマー(A)中の直鎖状ポリエチレンイミン骨格(a)のモル比が20%以上であることが、安定なフィラメントを形成できる点から好ましく、該ポリエチレンイミン骨格(a)の繰り返し単位数が10以上である、ブロック共重合体であることがより好ましい。
本発明で提供する超疎水性粉体は、前記直鎖状ポリエチレンイミン骨格(a)を有するポリマー(A)のフィラメントがシリカ(B)で被覆されてなる有機無機複合ナノファイバー(I)の会合体、又は当該有機無機複合ナノファイバー(I)の会合体から前記ポリマー(A)を焼成により除去して得られるシリカ(B)を主構成成分とするナノファイバー(II)の会合体を基本構造とする。
前記有機無機複合ナノファイバー(I)中には金属イオンを安定に取り込むことができ、従って、金属イオンを含有する超疎水性粉体を得ることもできる。
上記した通り、本発明では金属イオンを有機無機複合ナノファイバー(I)に取り込むことができる。従って、これらの金属イオンのなかでも、還元反応により還元されやすい金属イオンは、金属ナノ粒子に変換させることで、金属ナノ粒子を含有した超疎水性粉体を得ることもできる。
ポリマー(A)中の直鎖状ポリエチレンイミン骨格(a)はアミノ基、ヒドロキシ基、カルボン酸基、スルホン酸基、リン酸基を有する化合物と、水素結合及び/又は静電気引力により、物理的な結合構造を構成することができる。従って、これらの官能基を有する有機色素分子等を超疎水性粉体中に含有させることが可能である。
本発明において、有機無機複合ナノファイバー(I)の大きさは、用いるポリマー(A)の分子量、形状、直鎖状ポリエチレンイミン骨格(a)の含有率等、用いるシリカソースの種類や使用割合等によって調整することが可能であり、特に該有機無機複合ナノファイバー(I)の太さが10~100nm、アスペクト比が10以上であるものを容易に製造することができる。
上述した有機無機複合ナノファイバー(I)の会合体を加熱焼成すると、形状を維持したまま、その内部に含まれていたポリマー(B)が除去され、シリカを主構成成分とするナノファイバー(II)の会合体を得ることができる。ここで、シリカを主構成成分とするということは、例えば、焼成が不十分でポリマー(A)、または併用した有機色素分子中の炭素原子等が炭化して含まれていたり、金属イオンや金属ナノ粒子を併用した場合においては、金属原子が含まれていたりすることがあるものの、ナノファイバーの形状はシリカ(B)によって形成されているこというものであり、シリカ(B)の含有率は通常90質量%以上、好ましくは98質量%以上である。
本発明では、超疎水性粉体とするために疎水性基をシリカ(B)に導入する必要がある。当該導入は、疎水性基を有する化合物との接触で容易に行なうことができ、化学結合による導入と、物理吸着による導入が挙げられる。
前述の有機無機複合ナノファイバー(I)、又はシリカを主構成成分とするナノファイバー(II)の表面にはシリカ(B)が存在しており、その一部はシラノール基のまま存在している部分もある。このシラノール基と反応できる化合物であって、且つ疎水性基を有するものあれば、シリカ(B)に化学結合させることができる。従って、化学結合にて疎水性基を導入したものは、有機無機複合ナノファイバー(I)が、直鎖状ポリエチレンイミン骨格(a)を有するポリマー(A)のフィラメントが、疎水性基を有する化合物(X1)が化学結合しているシリカ(B)で被覆されてなる超疎水性粉体である。
前述の化学結合によって超疎水性基を導入した超疎水性粉体は、これを任意形状・任意材質の固体基材上に固定しやすくするため、当該超疎水性粉体に反応性官能基を導入することが好ましい。この反応性官能基の導入は、前記した疎水性基の導入と同様の手法、即ち、反応性官能基を有するシランカップリング剤(y)との接触による手法が好ましい。
前述の超疎水性粉体の製造方法は、前記有機無機複合ナノファイバー(I)の会合体又はナノファイバー(II)の会合体を溶剤中に分散し、疎水性基を有する化合物と混合すればよく、好ましくは、疎水性基を有するシランカップリング剤(x)の溶液、又は疎水性基を有するシランカップリング剤(x)と反応性官能基を有するシランカップリング剤(y)とを含有する溶液と混合する方法である。
前述のナノファイバー(I)又はナノファイバー(II)の会合体表面を形成するシリカには、疎水性基を有する化合物(X2)を物理吸着する能力がある。この能力を応用することで、ナノファイバー(I)又はナノファイバー(II)の表面の自由エネルギーを低下させ、超疎水性粉体とすることができる。
前述の表面エネルギーを低下させうる疎水性基を有する化合物(X2)を効率的に前記ナノファイバー(I)又はナノファイバー(II)の会合体の表面のシリカ(B)に物理吸着させるためには、これらの化合物を単独、又は数種類を溶剤中に溶解させ、その溶液中にナノファイバー(I)又はナノファイバー(II)を分散し、室温、例えば20~30℃で1~24時間攪拌することで十分可能である。
本発明の超疎水性粉体を固体基材表面に接着固定することで超疎水性表面を有する構造体を得ることができる。接着固定は、該粉体をポリマー溶液、シリカゾル液、または市販の塗料、接着剤などと混合し、その混合液を基材表面に塗布し、必要に応じて乾燥等を行なうことで容易に実現できる。
単離乾燥した会合体や粉体を両面テープにてサンプル支持台に固定し、それをキーエンス製表面観察装置VE-9800にて観察した。
粉末状態のサンプルをメタノール中に分散し、それを銅グリッドに乗せ、日本電子株式会社製透過型電子顕微鏡「JEM-2200FS」にて観察した。
接触角は自動接触角計Contact Angle System OCA (Dataphysics社製)により測定した。
シリカナノファイバーに吸着された疎水性基を有する化合物(X)の含有率をTG-DTA 6300 (SII Nano Technology Inc社製)により測定した。
比表面積はFlow Sorb II 2300(Micrometrics社製)により測定した。
[有機無機複合ナノファイバー(I)の会合体の合成]
特許文献(特開2005-264421号公報、特開2005-336440号公報、特開2006-063097号公報、特開2007-051056号公報)に開示した方法により、形状が異なる粉体を作製した。
[シリカを主構成成分とするナノファイバー(II)の会合体の合成]
合成例1で得た粉体(I-1)5gを空気導入条件下、電気炉にて600℃、2時間加熱し、粉体(I-1)に含まれたポリエチレンイミンを除去し、白い粉体(II-1)を得た。比表面積は187m2/gであった。図2に粉体(II-1)のSEM写真を示した。焼成後のナノファイバー構造には変化がないことが示唆された。
[超疎水性粉体1の合成]
2%アンモニアのエタノール溶液50mLと20%デシルトリメトキシシラン(DTMS)のクロロホルム溶液5mLとを混合し、その混合液に0.5gの粉体(I-1)を加え、室温で24時間攪拌した。反応液をろ過後、得られた粉末をエタノールで3回洗浄した。乾燥後の粉末は水中では全く沈むことなく、水面で浮かぶ状態であった。これは疎水化処理前の粉体(I-1)が水中に完全に沈む傾向と全く異なった。
[超疎水性粉体2の合成]
2%アンモニアのエタノール溶液50mLと20wt%デシルトリメトキシシラン(DTMS)のクロロホルム溶液5mL混合し、その混合液に0.5gの粉体(II-1)を加え、室温で24時間攪拌した。反応液をろ過後、得られた粉末をエタノールで3回洗浄した。乾燥後の粉末の(150~800℃間)熱重量損失は8.4%であった。これは、シランカップリング剤導入による有機残基の量に相当する。この粉末は水中では全く沈むことなく、水面で浮かぶ状態であった。このことは疎水化処理前の粉体(II-1)が水中で完全に沈む傾向であったことと全く異なった。図3に粉体のSEM写真を示した。
[超疎水性粉体3の合成]
2%アンモニアのエタノール溶液50mLと6%シランカップリング剤[5%デシルトリメトキシシラン(DTMS)と1%のアミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン(ATMS)]が含まれたクロロホルム溶液5mL混合し、その混合液に0.5gの粉体(II-1)を加え、室温で24時間攪拌した。反応液をろ過後、得られた粉末をエタノールで3回洗浄した。乾燥後の粉末の(150~800℃間)熱重量損失は7.5%であった。該粉末は水中では全く沈むことなく、水面で浮かぶ状態であった。
[超疎水性粉体4の合成]
2%アンモニアのエタノール溶液50mLと6%シランカップリング剤[5%デシルトリメトキシシラン(DTMS)と1%のメタクリロイルプロピルトリメトキシシラン(ATMS)]が含まれたクロロホルム溶液5mL混合し、その混合液に0.5gの粉体(II-1)を加え、室温で24時間攪拌した。反応液をろ過後、得られた粉末をエタノールで3回洗浄した。乾燥後の粉末の(150~800℃間)熱重量損失は8.3%であった。乾燥後の粉末は水中では全く沈むことなく、水面で浮かぶ状態であった。
[超疎水性粉体2を用いたろ紙上での超疎水性膜(浸漬法)]
市販のポリスチレン(Aldrich社製、Mw = 45,000)を用い、1%のトルエン溶液を調製した。0.5mLの該溶液中に、10mgの超疎水性粉体2を加え、均一に分散した後、その分散液にろ紙を15分間浸漬した。ろ紙を取り出し、室温乾燥後、ろ紙の上に水滴を落としたが、水滴は完全に弾けた。接触角は165.5°であった。図4に塗膜と接触イメージを示した。
[超疎水性粉体2を用いたろ紙上での超疎水性膜(ブラシ法)]
実施例5で用いた同様な分散液をろ紙上にブラシで塗った。それを室温乾燥した後、表面接触角を測定したところ、接触角は178°であった。ろ紙は水にぬれることがなかった。
[超疎水性粉体2を用いたガラス上での超疎水性膜(キャスト法)]
実施例5と同様な分散液を、バーコーターを用い、ガラススライド上にキャストした。これで得たキャスト膜を室温乾燥した後、表面接触角を測定したところ、接触角は179.6°(15μL水滴)であった(図5)。
[超疎水性粉体2を用いた木材上での超疎水性膜(ブラシ法)]
実施例5で用いた同様な分散液を表面処理されていない木の板にブラシで塗った。それを室温乾燥した後、水滴を落としたところ、水は完全に弾かれ、木材表面は濡れなかった。
[超疎水性粉体2を用いた牛革上での超疎水性膜(浸漬法)]
市販のポリメチルメタクリレート(Aldrich社製、Mw=120,000 メーカー・品番)を用い、1%のクロロホルム溶液を調製した。0.5mLの該溶液中に、10mgの超疎水性粉体2を加え、均一に分散した後、その分散液に表面処理されていない牛革の切り落としを1時間浸漬した。牛革を取り出し、室温乾燥後、その上に水滴を落としたが、水滴は完全に弾け、濡れ性はなくなった。
[超疎水性粉体2を用いたステンレス板上での超疎水性膜(ブラシ法)]
実施例9で用いた同様な分散液をステンレスシャーレ(タキザワ理化製、50×50×0.6mm)にブラシで塗った。それを室温乾燥した後、水滴を落としたところ、水は完全に弾かれ、金属表面は濡れなかった。
[超疎水性粉体2を用いたガラス管内壁での超疎水性膜(浸漬法)]
実施例9で用いた同様な分散液をガラスピペット(内径6mm、長さ8cm)に吸い取り、それを2時間保持した後、液を押し出した。ガラスピペットを室温で乾燥後、それに水を吸い取って、再び水を押し出すテストを行なった。ガラス壁には水滴が全く付着せず、吸い取った水は重さ低下なしに他の容器に完全移動できた。
市販のポリエチルオキサゾリン(数平均分子量500,000、平均重合度5,000、Aldrich社製)100gを、5Mの塩酸水溶液300mLに溶解させた。その溶液をオイルバスにて90℃に加熱し、その温度で10時間攪拌した。反応液にアセトン50mLを加え、ポリマーを完全に沈殿させ、それを濾過し、メタノールで3回洗浄し、白色のポリエチレンイミンの粉末を得た。得られた粉末を1H-NMR(重水)にて同定したところ、ポリエチルオキサゾリンの側鎖エチル基に由来したピーク1.2ppm(CH3)と2.3ppm(CH2)が完全に消失していることが確認された。即ち、ポリエチルオキサゾリンが完全に加水分解され、ポリエチレンイミンに変換されたことが示された。
合成例3で得た粉体(I-2)5gを空気導入条件下、電気炉にて600℃、2時間加熱し、粉体(I-2)に含まれたポリエチレンイミンを除去し、白い粉体(II-2)を得た。比表面積は208m2/gであった。図8に粉体(II-2)のSEM写真を示した。焼成後のナノファイバー構造には変化がないことが示唆された。
[ポリブチルアクリレートが吸着した超疎水性粉体5の合成]
ポリブチルアクリレート200mgを20mLのトルエンに溶解し、その溶液に200mgの粉体(I-2)を加え、その混合物を室温にて3時間攪拌した。混合液をろ過後、得られた粉体をトルエンで3回洗浄した。乾燥後の粉体は水中では沈むことなく、水面で浮かぶ状態であった。これは疎水化処理前の粉体(I-2)が水中に完全に沈む傾向と全く異なった。
[ポリメチルメタクリレートが吸着した超疎水性粉体2の合成]
実施例12において、ポリブチルアクリレートの代わりにポリメチルメタクリレートを用いる以外は、実施例12と同様にして粉体を得た。乾燥後の粉末は水中では沈むことなく、水面で浮かぶ状態であった。
[ポリエチルメタクリレートが吸着した超疎水性粉体3の合成]
実施例12において、ポリブチルアクリレートの代わりにポリエチルメタクリレートを用い、粉体(I-2)の代わりに粉体(II-2)を用いる以外は、実施例12と同様にして粉体を得た。乾燥後の粉体は水中では沈むことなく、水面で浮かぶ状態であった。これは疎水化処理前の粉体(II-2)が水中に完全に沈む傾向と全く異なった。熱重量損失の分析結果、ポリマーの吸着率が12.9%であった。
[フッ素含有化合物が吸着した超疎水性粉体8の合成]
実施例14において、ポリエチルメタクリレートの代わりにポリ(2,3,4-ヘプタフルオロブチルメタクリレート)200mgを用いる以外は、実施例14と同様にして粉体を得た。乾燥後の粉体は水中では沈むことなく、水面で浮かぶ状態であった。熱重量損失の分析結果、ポリマーの吸着率が9.8%であった。これを超疎水性粉体8とする。
[テトラデシルアミンが吸着した超疎水性粉体9の合成]
実施例14において、ポリエチルメタクリレートの代わりにテトラデシルアミンを用い、室温での攪拌時間を6時間とする以外は、実施例14と同様にして粉体を得た。乾燥後の粉末は水中では沈むことなく、水面で浮かぶ状態であった。熱重量損失の分析結果、テトラデシルアミンの吸着率は10.5%であった。これを超疎水性粉体9とする。
[ポリ(エチルオキサゾリン)が吸着した超疎水性粉体10の合成]
実施例14において、ポリエチルメタクリレートの代わりにポリ(エチルオキサゾリン)を用いる以外は実施例14と同様にして粉体を得た。乾燥後の粉末は水中では沈むことなく、水面で浮かぶ状態であった。熱重量損失の分析結果、ポリ(エチルオキサゾリン)の吸着率は11.3%であった。これを超疎水性粉体10とする。
[超疎水性粉体7を用いたろ紙上での超疎水性膜(浸漬法)]
水性ポリウレタン樹脂(DIC株式会社製、ノニオン系、不揮発分10%に水を添加して調製)500mgに実施例14で得られた超疎水性粉体7(10mg)を加え、均一に分散した後、その分散液にろ紙を15分間浸漬した。ろ紙を取り出し、室温乾燥後、ろ紙の上に水滴を落としたが、水滴は完全に弾けた。
[超疎水性粉体7を用いたろ紙上での超疎水性膜(ブラシ法)]
実施例18で用いた同様な分散液をろ紙上にブラシで塗った。それを室温乾燥した後、表面接触角を測定したところ、接触角は154°であった。ろ紙は水にぬれることがなかった。
[超疎水性粉体7を用いたガラス上での超疎水性膜(キャスト法)]
実施例18と同様な分散液を、バーコーターを用い、ガラススライド上にキャストした。これで得たキャスト膜を室温乾燥した後、表面接触角を測定したところ、接触角は166°であった。
[超疎水性粉体7を用いた木材上での超疎水性膜(ブラシ法)]
実施例18で用いた同様な分散液を表面処理されていない木の板にブラシで塗った。それを室温乾燥した後、水滴を落としたところ、水は完全に弾かれ、木材表面は濡れなかった。
[超疎水性粉体10を用いた牛革上での超疎水性膜(浸漬法)]
実施例18において、超疎水性粉体7の代わりに実施例17で得られた超疎水性粉体10を用いる以外は実施例18と同様にして分散液を調製した。その分散液に表面処理されていない牛革の切り落としを1時間浸漬した。牛革を取り出し、室温乾燥後、その上に水滴を落としたが、水滴は完全に弾け、濡れ性はなくなった。
[超疎水性粉体6を用いたガラス管内壁での超疎水性膜(浸漬法)]
実施例18において、超疎水性粉体7の代わりに実施例13で得られた超疎水性粉体6を用いる以外は実施例18と同様にして分散液を得た。この分散液をガラスピペット(内径6mm、長さ8cm)に吸い取り、それを2時間保持した後、液を押し出した。ガラスピペットを60℃で乾燥後、それに水を吸い取って、再び水を押し出すテストを行なった。ガラス壁には水滴が全く付着せず、吸い取った水は重さ低下なしに他の容器に完全移動できた。
実施例12、14、15、17で得られた超疎水性粉体5、7、8、10を用いて下記に方法で安定性評価を行なった。ガラス瓶に蒸留水30mLをいれ、ここにそれぞれの粉体20mg添加する。ここにスターラーチップを入れ室温(25℃)で7日間攪拌を続けた後、粉体の様子を観測したところ、攪拌を中止するといずれの粉体も水面上に浮き上がり、再び水に沈むことがないことを確認した。
実施例18で得られた分散液を30℃の恒温槽で7日間保持した後、実施例21と同様にしてろ紙に塗布し乾燥した。乾燥後、水の接触角を測定したところ、156°であり、水性塗料中においても超疎水性が維持されていることを確認した。
Claims (14)
- 有機無機複合ナノファイバー(I)の会合体を含有する超疎水性粉体であって、該ナノファイバー(I)が、直鎖状ポリエチレンイミン骨格(a)を有するポリマー(A)のフィラメントが、疎水性基を有するシリカ(B)で被覆されてなるものであることを特徴とする超疎水性粉体。
- 前記疎水性基を有するシリカ(B)が、疎水性基を有する化合物(X1)とシリカとが化学結合してなるものである請求項1記載の超疎水性粉体。
- 前記疎水性基を有するシリカ(B)に、更に反応性官能基を有する化合物(Y)が化学結合している請求項2記載の超疎水性粉体。
- 前記疎水性基を有するシリカ(B)が、疎水性基を有する化合物(X2)がシリカに物理吸着してなるものである請求項1記載の超疎水性粉体。
- 前記有機無機ナノファイバー(I)の太さが10~100nm、アスペクト比が10以上であり、且つ該有機無機ナノファイバー(I)の会合体の大きさが2~100μmの範囲である請求項1~4の何れか1項記載の超疎水性粉体。
- シリカ(B)を主構成成分とするナノファイバー(II)の会合体を含有する超疎水性粉体であって、該シリカ(B)が疎水性基を有するものであることを特徴とする超疎水性粉体。
- 前記シリカ(B)が、疎水性基を有する化合物(X1)と化学結合してなるものである請求項6記載の超疎水性粉体。
- シリカ(B)に更に反応性官能基を有する化合物(Y)が化学結合している請求項7記載の超疎水性粉体。
- 前記シリカ(B)が、疎水性基を有する化合物(X2)を物理吸着してなるものである請求項6記載の超疎水性粉体。
- 前記ナノファイバー(II)の太さが10~100nm、アスペクト比が10以上であり、且つナノファイバー(II)の会合体の大きさが2~100μmの範囲である請求項6~9の何れか1項記載の超疎水性粉体。
- 直鎖状ポリエチレンイミン骨格(a)を有するポリマー(A)のフィラメントがシリカ(B)で被覆されてなる有機無機複合ナノファイバー(I)の会合体からなる粉末を溶剤中に分散し、該分散液に疎水性基を有する化合物を混合する工程を有することを特徴とする超疎水性粉体の製造方法。
- (1)直鎖状ポリエチレンイミン骨格(a)を有するポリマー(A)のフィラメントがシリカ(B)で被覆されてなる有機無機複合ナノファイバー(I)の会合体を焼成する工程と、
(2)(1)で得られたシリカ(B)を主構成成分とするナノファイバー(II)の会合体からなる粉末を溶剤中に分散し、該分散液に疎水性基を有する化合物を混合する工程と、
を有することを特徴とする超疎水性粉体の製造方法。 - 請求項1~10の何れか1項記載の超疎水性粉体が固体基材表面に固定されてなることを特徴とする超疎水性表面を有する構造体。
- 請求項1~10の何れか1項記載の超疎水性粉体を溶液中に分散し、該分散液を塗布し乾燥する工程を有することを特徴とする超疎水性表面を有する構造体の製造方法。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2009801313903A CN102119245A (zh) | 2008-08-11 | 2009-07-27 | 超疏水性粉体、具有超疏水性表面的结构体及这些的制造方法 |
US13/058,391 US20110195181A1 (en) | 2008-08-11 | 2009-07-27 | Superhydrophobic powders, structure with superhydrophobic surface, and processes for producing these |
EP09806639A EP2317006A4 (en) | 2008-08-11 | 2009-07-27 | ULTRAHYDROPHOBIC POWDER, STRUCTURE WITH ULTRAHYDROPHOBIC SURFACE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008206890A JP4503086B2 (ja) | 2008-08-11 | 2008-08-11 | 超疎水性粉体、これを用いる超疎水性表面を有する構造体及びそれらの製造方法 |
JP2008-206890 | 2008-08-11 | ||
JP2008-315543 | 2008-12-11 | ||
JP2008315543A JP4503091B2 (ja) | 2008-12-11 | 2008-12-11 | 超疎水性粉体、これを用いる超疎水性表面を有する構造体及びそれらの製造方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010018744A1 true WO2010018744A1 (ja) | 2010-02-18 |
Family
ID=41668890
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2009/063327 WO2010018744A1 (ja) | 2008-08-11 | 2009-07-27 | 超疎水性粉体、超疎水性表面を有する構造体及びそれらの製造方法 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110195181A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2317006A4 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20110003535A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102119245A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2010018744A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102453465A (zh) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-16 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种粘附型超疏水材料及其制备方法 |
JP2012201799A (ja) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-10-22 | Dic Corp | 塗料組成物、これを用いて得られる超疎水性塗膜及びその製造方法 |
CN104762817A (zh) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-07-08 | 江南大学 | 一种基于paa-teos-oa联合处理的涤或锦疏水织物的整理方法 |
JP2015536839A (ja) * | 2012-09-28 | 2015-12-24 | ユーティーバテル エルエルシー | 耐久性超疎水性コーティング |
DE102016012001A1 (de) | 2016-10-06 | 2018-04-12 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie | Hochfluorierte nanostrukturierte Polymerschäume zur Herstellung superabweisender Oberflächen |
Families Citing this family (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8741158B2 (en) | 2010-10-08 | 2014-06-03 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Superhydrophobic transparent glass (STG) thin film articles |
US10150875B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2018-12-11 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Superhydrophobic powder coatings |
BRPI0822294A2 (pt) * | 2008-02-08 | 2021-04-06 | Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Sas | Processo de galvanização à têmpera de uma cinta de aço |
US11292919B2 (en) | 2010-10-08 | 2022-04-05 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Anti-fingerprint coatings |
KR101866501B1 (ko) | 2011-09-28 | 2018-06-12 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 초소수성 전자기장 차폐재 및 그 제조방법 |
US11041080B2 (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2021-06-22 | Velox Flow, Llc | Multifunctional superhydrophobic diatomaceous earth for chemical adhesion and color change |
EP2785640A4 (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2015-12-23 | Velox Flow Llc | MULTI-FUNCTIONAL SUPERHYDROPHOBIC DIATOMY LAND FOR CHEMICAL ADHESION AND COLOR CHANGE |
CN102527304B (zh) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-10-30 | 吉林大学 | 多元异质不对称微粒的制备方法 |
US9771656B2 (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2017-09-26 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Superhydrophobic films and methods for making superhydrophobic films |
WO2014035742A2 (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2014-03-06 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Sprayable superhydrophobic coatings |
US9546280B2 (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2017-01-17 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Structural coatings with dewetting and anti-icing properties, and coating precursors for fabricating same |
CN103232835B (zh) * | 2013-05-14 | 2014-07-23 | 黑龙江大学 | 一种二氧化硅纤维与二氧化硅微球复合超疏水材料的制备方法 |
EP2803711B1 (en) | 2013-05-17 | 2018-06-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Pressure sensitive adhesive assembly comprising filler material |
US20150239773A1 (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2015-08-27 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Transparent omniphobic thin film articles |
US10273377B2 (en) | 2014-07-25 | 2019-04-30 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Superhydrophobic and oleophobic ceramic polymer composite coating |
CN109267330A (zh) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-01-25 | 南京科技职业学院 | 一种聚丁二烯膜的疏油改性方法 |
CN109731479B (zh) * | 2018-12-19 | 2021-11-16 | 南京林业大学 | 一种超疏水纳米纤维膜的制备方法及超疏水纳米纤维膜 |
CN112517065B (zh) * | 2019-09-18 | 2023-05-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 乙烯气相法醋酸乙烯工艺催化剂制备方法 |
CN110756129B (zh) * | 2019-11-01 | 2022-01-28 | 南京林业大学 | 一种制备纳米纤维气凝胶复合材料的方法 |
CN110879047A (zh) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-03-13 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | 一种粉体材料接触角的测试方法 |
CN113549349A (zh) * | 2020-04-25 | 2021-10-26 | 泰兴瑞深新材科技有限公司 | 一种移液枪枪头表面处理剂的制备方法 |
CN111393706B (zh) * | 2020-05-13 | 2022-07-19 | 广东海洋大学 | 一种超疏水海绵及其制备方法和应用 |
CN112281476B (zh) * | 2020-11-11 | 2023-04-18 | 苏州鑫极纺织有限公司 | 一种夹芯型吸波纤维及其制备方法 |
CN115093790A (zh) * | 2021-03-24 | 2022-09-23 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | 一种镁合金表面超疏水防腐涂层的制备方法 |
KR102604894B1 (ko) * | 2021-05-06 | 2023-11-21 | 동아대학교 산학협력단 | 소수성 코팅층 및 그의 제조방법 |
CN114262485B (zh) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-05-24 | 上海科进生物技术有限公司 | 一种改性高分子材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN114854243B (zh) * | 2022-05-20 | 2023-05-30 | 义乌市中力工贸有限公司 | 一种环保型拒水拒油涂层用改性二氧化硅的制备方法及应用 |
KR102670323B1 (ko) * | 2023-11-08 | 2024-05-29 | (주)세운티.엔.에스 | 발수성 유리섬유 단열파이프 및 그 제조방법 |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005264421A (ja) | 2004-02-18 | 2005-09-29 | Kawamura Inst Of Chem Res | 有機無機複合ナノファイバ、有機無機複合構造体及びこれらの製造方法 |
JP2005336440A (ja) | 2004-05-31 | 2005-12-08 | Kawamura Inst Of Chem Res | シリカ/ポリマー/金属複合材料及びその製造方法 |
JP2005350502A (ja) * | 2004-06-08 | 2005-12-22 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | 超撥水性被膜被覆物品、その製造方法及び超撥水性被膜形成用塗工材料 |
US20060029808A1 (en) | 2004-08-06 | 2006-02-09 | Lei Zhai | Superhydrophobic coatings |
JP2006063097A (ja) | 2004-08-24 | 2006-03-09 | Kawamura Inst Of Chem Res | シリカ/金属錯体複合材料及びその製造方法 |
JP2006199523A (ja) * | 2005-01-19 | 2006-08-03 | Kawamura Inst Of Chem Res | シリカナノチューブ会合体及びその製造方法 |
JP2007051056A (ja) | 2005-07-22 | 2007-03-01 | Kawamura Inst Of Chem Res | 針状表面微粒子及びその製造方法 |
JP2007084657A (ja) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-04-05 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | 有機無機複合ナノファイバを含有する有機無機複合体 |
JP2007091848A (ja) * | 2005-09-28 | 2007-04-12 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | シリカナノチューブ会合体を含有する有機無機複合体 |
JP2008508181A (ja) | 2004-07-27 | 2008-03-21 | ユーティ―バテル エルエルシー | ナノ構造を備えた超疎水性の複合材料 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5612130A (en) * | 1992-10-14 | 1997-03-18 | Herbert F. Boeckmann, II | Fire resistant multipurpose protective coating |
DE19828364A1 (de) * | 1998-06-25 | 1999-12-30 | Degussa | Hydrophobe Fällungskieselsäure |
DE10022246A1 (de) * | 2000-05-08 | 2001-11-15 | Basf Ag | Beschichtungsmittel für die Herstellung schwer benetzbarer Oberflächen |
EP1511802B1 (en) * | 2002-06-05 | 2010-09-08 | Showa Denko K.K. | Powder comprising silica-coated zinc oxide, organic polymer composition containing the powder and shaped article thereof |
WO2005116140A1 (ja) * | 2004-05-31 | 2005-12-08 | Kawamura Institute Of Chemical Research | 複合ナノファイバ、複合ナノファイバ会合体、複合構造体及びこれらの製造方法 |
-
2009
- 2009-07-27 WO PCT/JP2009/063327 patent/WO2010018744A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-07-27 CN CN2009801313903A patent/CN102119245A/zh active Pending
- 2009-07-27 KR KR1020107025786A patent/KR20110003535A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-07-27 EP EP09806639A patent/EP2317006A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-07-27 US US13/058,391 patent/US20110195181A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005264421A (ja) | 2004-02-18 | 2005-09-29 | Kawamura Inst Of Chem Res | 有機無機複合ナノファイバ、有機無機複合構造体及びこれらの製造方法 |
JP2005336440A (ja) | 2004-05-31 | 2005-12-08 | Kawamura Inst Of Chem Res | シリカ/ポリマー/金属複合材料及びその製造方法 |
JP2005350502A (ja) * | 2004-06-08 | 2005-12-22 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | 超撥水性被膜被覆物品、その製造方法及び超撥水性被膜形成用塗工材料 |
JP2008508181A (ja) | 2004-07-27 | 2008-03-21 | ユーティ―バテル エルエルシー | ナノ構造を備えた超疎水性の複合材料 |
US20060029808A1 (en) | 2004-08-06 | 2006-02-09 | Lei Zhai | Superhydrophobic coatings |
JP2006063097A (ja) | 2004-08-24 | 2006-03-09 | Kawamura Inst Of Chem Res | シリカ/金属錯体複合材料及びその製造方法 |
JP2006199523A (ja) * | 2005-01-19 | 2006-08-03 | Kawamura Inst Of Chem Res | シリカナノチューブ会合体及びその製造方法 |
JP2007051056A (ja) | 2005-07-22 | 2007-03-01 | Kawamura Inst Of Chem Res | 針状表面微粒子及びその製造方法 |
JP2007084657A (ja) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-04-05 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | 有機無機複合ナノファイバを含有する有機無機複合体 |
JP2007091848A (ja) * | 2005-09-28 | 2007-04-12 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | シリカナノチューブ会合体を含有する有機無機複合体 |
Non-Patent Citations (7)
Title |
---|
CAO ET AL., APPL. PHYS. LETT., vol. 91, 2007, pages 034102 |
ERBIL ET AL., SCIENCE, vol. 299, 2003, pages 1377 - 1380 |
FENG ET AL., J. AM. CHEM. SOC., vol. 126, 2004, pages 62 - 63 |
GAO ET AL., NATURE, vol. 432, 2004, pages 36 |
LI ET AL., J. MATER. CHEM., vol. 18, 2008, pages 2276 - 2280 |
See also references of EP2317006A4 |
SUN ET AL., ACC. CHEM. RES., vol. 38, 2005, pages 644 - 652 |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102453465A (zh) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-16 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种粘附型超疏水材料及其制备方法 |
CN102453465B (zh) * | 2010-10-27 | 2014-09-03 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种粘附型超疏水材料及其制备方法 |
JP2012201799A (ja) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-10-22 | Dic Corp | 塗料組成物、これを用いて得られる超疎水性塗膜及びその製造方法 |
JP2015536839A (ja) * | 2012-09-28 | 2015-12-24 | ユーティーバテル エルエルシー | 耐久性超疎水性コーティング |
CN104762817A (zh) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-07-08 | 江南大学 | 一种基于paa-teos-oa联合处理的涤或锦疏水织物的整理方法 |
DE102016012001A1 (de) | 2016-10-06 | 2018-04-12 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie | Hochfluorierte nanostrukturierte Polymerschäume zur Herstellung superabweisender Oberflächen |
WO2018065094A1 (de) | 2016-10-06 | 2018-04-12 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie | Hochfluorierte nanostrukturierte polymerschäume zur herstellung superabweisender oberflächen |
US11773272B2 (en) | 2016-10-06 | 2023-10-03 | Glassomer Gmbh | Highly fluorinated nanostructured polymer foams for producing super-repellent surfaces |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2317006A4 (en) | 2012-08-01 |
CN102119245A (zh) | 2011-07-06 |
EP2317006A1 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
US20110195181A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
KR20110003535A (ko) | 2011-01-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2010018744A1 (ja) | 超疎水性粉体、超疎水性表面を有する構造体及びそれらの製造方法 | |
JP4503086B2 (ja) | 超疎水性粉体、これを用いる超疎水性表面を有する構造体及びそれらの製造方法 | |
KR101210462B1 (ko) | 초소수성 나노 구조 복합체로 피복된 구조물 및 그 제법 | |
Li et al. | Roles of silanes and silicones in forming superhydrophobic and superoleophobic materials | |
CN108587447B (zh) | 一种适应多种基底的耐久性透明超疏水涂层的制备方法 | |
Ramezani et al. | Preparation of silane-functionalized silica films via two-step dip coating sol–gel and evaluation of their superhydrophobic properties | |
KR101411769B1 (ko) | 초친수성 코팅 조성물 및 그의 제조방법 | |
JP5881602B2 (ja) | 親水性コーティング、物品、コーティング組成物及び方法 | |
US20160002438A1 (en) | Core-shell nanoparticles and method for manufacturing the same | |
KR101401754B1 (ko) | 초발수성 코팅용액 조성물 및 코팅 조성물의 제조방법 | |
CN115074007B (zh) | 一种无机有机复合超亲水涂料及其制备方法与应用 | |
CN112143332B (zh) | 一种超疏水涂层及制备方法 | |
JP5682396B2 (ja) | 塗料組成物、これを用いて得られる超疎水性塗膜及びその製造方法 | |
Phan et al. | Durable tetra-scale superhydrophobic coatings with virus-like nanoparticles for oil–water separations | |
JP4413252B2 (ja) | ナノ構造複合体被覆型構造物及びその製造方法 | |
JP4469002B2 (ja) | 超疎水性ナノ構造複合体で被覆された構造物及びその製法 | |
JP5028549B2 (ja) | ポリシロキサン含有ナノ構造複合体被覆型構造物及びその製造方法 | |
JP4503091B2 (ja) | 超疎水性粉体、これを用いる超疎水性表面を有する構造体及びそれらの製造方法 | |
JP4510105B2 (ja) | チタニアナノ構造複合体被覆型構造物及びその製造方法 | |
JP4491037B1 (ja) | 水性溶液移動用管状構造物及びその製造方法 | |
JP2011225694A (ja) | 超疎水性粉体を分散剤とする油中水型エマルジョン及びその製造方法 | |
JP2011020327A (ja) | 水性インクはじき表面を有する構造物及びその製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200980131390.3 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 09806639 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20107025786 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2009806639 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13058391 Country of ref document: US |