WO2010013361A1 - 圧電振動子の保持装置 - Google Patents

圧電振動子の保持装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010013361A1
WO2010013361A1 PCT/JP2008/069777 JP2008069777W WO2010013361A1 WO 2010013361 A1 WO2010013361 A1 WO 2010013361A1 JP 2008069777 W JP2008069777 W JP 2008069777W WO 2010013361 A1 WO2010013361 A1 WO 2010013361A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piezoelectric vibrator
leaf spring
holding device
fixed
support member
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Application number
PCT/JP2008/069777
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吉田　崇
滝本　幹夫
昌宏 高野
憲一 廣崎
Original Assignee
ニッコー株式会社
石川県
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Application filed by ニッコー株式会社, 石川県 filed Critical ニッコー株式会社
Priority to US13/056,889 priority Critical patent/US8531091B2/en
Publication of WO2010013361A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010013361A1/ja

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/0005—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing non-specific motion; Details common to machines covered by H02N2/02 - H02N2/16
    • H02N2/001—Driving devices, e.g. vibrators
    • H02N2/003—Driving devices, e.g. vibrators using longitudinal or radial modes combined with bending modes
    • H02N2/004—Rectangular vibrators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/0005—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing non-specific motion; Details common to machines covered by H02N2/02 - H02N2/16
    • H02N2/005—Mechanical details, e.g. housings
    • H02N2/0055—Supports for driving or driven bodies; Means for pressing driving body against driven body
    • H02N2/006—Elastic elements, e.g. springs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/20—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators
    • H10N30/202—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators using longitudinal or thickness displacement combined with bending, shear or torsion displacement
    • H10N30/2023—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators using longitudinal or thickness displacement combined with bending, shear or torsion displacement having polygonal or rectangular shape

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a holding device for a rod-like piezoelectric vibrator having a prismatic or cylindrical shape or other cross-sectional shape used for an ultrasonic motor, an ultrasonic actuator, or an ultrasonic processing machine using a piezoelectric element.
  • an ultrasonic motor using a piezoelectric vibrator has been developed as a driving device instead of an electromagnetic motor, and an ultrasonic processing machine that performs various contact processing by forming a processing means at the output end of the piezoelectric vibrator is also known. It has been. All of these use the vibration energy of the vibrator as the driving force or processing force.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator forms a resonance state by applying a voltage having a frequency corresponding to the natural vibration mode, and a large vibration is generated.
  • a driving force such as rotation or linear motion or a processing force is applied to a mating member that obtains an amplitude and is in frictional contact therewith.
  • Ultrasonic transducers and ultrasonic motors using this principle are described in detail in Patent Documents 1 to 5 and the like.
  • Such a piezoelectric vibrator needs to be mechanically supported on a support member by some means when implemented.
  • the supporting means it is important that there is little energy loss of vibration and there is no change in vibration characteristics.
  • an ultrasonic motor or an ultrasonic processing machine usually presses and contacts the tip of a vibrator to a mating member (a transfer body or a workpiece), and the vibration energy of the vibrator is applied to the mating member as a driving force or Therefore, a pressurizing mechanism that pressurizes the mating member while holding the vibrator is required.
  • a piezoelectric vibrator As a conventional holding structure of a piezoelectric vibrator, for example, as shown in Patent Document 1, a piezoelectric vibrator is housed and supported in a frame-shaped guide case so as to be slidable in a pressurizing direction, and the guide case is supported by a spring.
  • An ultrasonic motor having a structure in which a piezoelectric vibrator is pressed against a mating member by pressing in a pressing direction by means is disclosed.
  • the rectangular piezoelectric vibrator 1 accommodated in the guide case 25 has two guide portions 25a of the case 25 at two positions of the node portions. 25b, and the protruding portion 26 on the inner end face of the guide case 25 is brought into contact with the end opposite to the output end 28 of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 via the elastic member 27 so that the side portion of the guide case 25 is
  • the guide plate 29 on the fixed side is slidably supported, and the end portion of the guide case 25 is pressed by a coil spring 30, whereby the output end 28 of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 is driven (member to be driven). It is made to press-contact with 31.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator is excited by vibration by applying a voltage of a predetermined frequency, so that the piezoelectric vibrator simultaneously performs bending vibration and expansion / contraction vibration, and its output end is elliptically vibrated to periodically press against the driven body.
  • the driven body is rotated or linearly moved by the frictional force between them.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator is supported from two directions perpendicular to the pressurizing direction at the node portion where the vibration displacement of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 is the smallest, and the degree of freedom other than the pressurizing direction is constrained. Further, the end opposite to the output end 28 for taking out the output is brought into contact with the protruding portion 26 of the inner wall of the guide case 25, and the case itself is pressed from the outside by the coil spring 30. It is structured to regulate. However, in this structure, since the side portion of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 and the vibrator guide portions 25a and 25b of the guide case 25 are not bonded and fixed, the piezoelectric vibrator 1 due to slight slippage and backlash at this portion. Will change the vibration characteristics. Therefore, there arises a problem that a stable drive output cannot be provided.
  • the end portion of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 pressed against the protruding portion 26 of the guide case 25 is not a vibration node portion, but vibrates in the same manner as the output end 28 on the distal end side. Energy loss due to etc. occurs.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator 1 and the driven body 31 are related to the planar accuracy of the driven body 31 that contacts the output end 28. When the distance changes, the applied pressure generated by the coil spring 30 changes. This pressing force (pressing force) has a large effect on the output in ultrasonic motors and ultrasonic processing machines, so such a change in pressing force must be avoided as much as possible. There is a problem that it is difficult to grant.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a holding device for a piezoelectric vibrator that is capable of supplying an output stably with high efficiency, without loss of vibration energy and change in vibration characteristics.
  • the present invention further provides a holding device for a piezoelectric vibrator that can apply a constant pressure to the piezoelectric vibrator, has a more compact and low-cost structure, and can maintain a stable output. It is in.
  • one end of at least two leaf springs separated in the pressurizing direction is fixed to the side portion of the piezoelectric vibrator, and the other end of the leaf spring is fixed to the support member. It is fixed, The plate
  • the piezoelectric vibrator holding device according to the first aspect, wherein the leaf spring is fixed to the piezoelectric vibrator at a position of a node portion where the vibration displacement of the piezoelectric vibrator is small. It is characterized by that.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator holding device according to the first or second aspect, wherein the leaf springs have the same length and are arranged in parallel to each other.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator holding device according to the first to third aspects, wherein the supporting member is elastically pressed toward the pressurizing direction of the piezoelectric vibrator by the leaf spring. It is characterized by being.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator holding apparatus according to claim 5 of the present invention is characterized in that, in the structure of claims 1 to 4, at least two leaf springs are fixed to opposite sides of the piezoelectric vibrator.
  • At least one leaf spring spaced apart in the pressurizing direction is fixed to both opposing sides of the piezoelectric vibrator, The other end is fixed to the support member, and the plate surface of the leaf spring is oriented in a direction perpendicular to the plane including the other side portion perpendicular to the both sides of the piezoelectric vibrator, and the piezoelectric vibrator is pressed
  • the length of each of the leaf springs is longer than the distance between the piezoelectric vibrator and the support member so that the leaf springs sometimes buckle and deform.
  • a holding device for a piezoelectric vibrator comprising: a frame-shaped or box-shaped support member that houses the piezoelectric vibrator separately; and a space between the side portion of the support member and the piezoelectric vibrator.
  • a leaf spring structure interposed between the piezoelectric vibrator and the piezoelectric vibrator so as to sandwich opposite opposite side portions of the piezoelectric vibrator from a base end portion fixed to one side portion of the support member.
  • a first leaf spring member that is folded back and fixed to the piezoelectric vibrator, and both opposing sides of the piezoelectric vibrator from a base end portion that is fixed to the other one side of the support member.
  • a second leaf spring member that is folded back across the side portion of the piezoelectric vibrator so as to sandwich the portion, and is fixed to the piezoelectric vibrator, and the first leaf spring member and the second leaf spring member A leaf spring member is integrated at a fixed portion with the piezoelectric vibrator.
  • the holding device for a piezoelectric vibrator according to the seventh aspect, wherein the piezoelectric vibrator has at least two leaf spring structures separated in a pressurizing direction of the piezoelectric vibrator.
  • the support member is held by a body.
  • the leaf spring structure is formed at the position of the node portion where the vibration displacement of the piezoelectric vibrator is small. It is interposed between a vibrator and the support member.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator holding device is the structure according to the seventh to ninth aspects, wherein the leaf spring structure has a plate surface facing the pressurizing direction of the piezoelectric vibrator as a whole. It is characterized by having.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator according to the present invention has a rod-like shape as a whole, and has a rectangular or polygonal cross section and a circular or elliptical cross section. Is also applicable.
  • a holding device for a piezoelectric vibrator capable of stably supplying an output with high efficiency without any loss of vibration energy and change in vibration characteristics.
  • a piezoelectric vibrator holding device that can apply a constant pressure to the piezoelectric vibrator and can maintain a stable output with a more compact structure.
  • FIG. 1 is a view showing a holding device for a rectangular piezoelectric vibrator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 (a) is a side sectional view thereof, and FIG. FIG.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator 1 according to this embodiment is a prism-shaped vibrator having a rectangular cross section, and a counterpart member such as a driven body or a workpiece (not shown in FIG. 1) is provided on the output surface 1a at the tip.
  • a protrusion 2 is formed in pressure contact therewith.
  • the protrusion 2 on the output surface 1a is formed as a protrusion suitable for a processing operation or an appropriate processing tool is connected depending on the processing form.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator is a rectangular piezoelectric vibrator having a rectangular cross section.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator has a polygonal cross section and a cylindrical or elliptical shape. The same applies to the case of.
  • a rod-shaped piezoelectric vibrator having the same thickness over the entire length will be described as an example.
  • the present invention can also be applied to a rod-shaped piezoelectric vibrator having a different thickness.
  • Various forms are also included in the scope.
  • a support member 3 serving as a fixed side is disposed on the side of the rectangular piezoelectric vibrator 1, and a pair of parallel leaf springs 5 are provided between the support member 3 and the side portion of the piezoelectric vibrator 1. .
  • both end portions of each leaf spring 5 are bonded and fixed to the side portion of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 and the wall surface of the support member 3, respectively.
  • Each leaf spring 5 has its plate surface 5a facing the pressurizing direction of the piezoelectric vibrator 1, that is, the plate thickness direction of the leaf spring 5 coincides with the pressurizing direction (arrow F direction) of the piezoelectric vibrator 1.
  • the pair of leaf springs 5 have the same thickness, width and length.
  • the pair of leaf springs 5 do not necessarily have the same thickness and width, and may be a pair of leaf springs having the same length and different thickness and width.
  • each leaf spring 5 with respect to the piezoelectric vibrator 1 is preferably fixed to the node having the smallest vibration amplitude of the piezoelectric vibrator 1.
  • the state of vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 will be described in model form.
  • the rectangular piezoelectric vibrator 1 is vibrated by applying a voltage having a frequency corresponding to the natural vibration mode. Bending and expansion / contraction rigid vibrations occur in the entire child, and elliptical vibrations are induced at the output end 4 where a pressure load is applied to the mating member.
  • a vibration node there is a portion that does not vibrate at a predetermined position in the length direction of the piezoelectric vibrator 1, and this position is referred to as a vibration node.
  • a nodal portion 6 occurs at one location or a plurality of locations in the length direction depending on the vibration mode.
  • an example is shown where it occurs at two locations close to each end of the vibrator 1.
  • the pair of leaf springs are bonded and fixed to two side portions of the piezoelectric vibrator so as to support such a node portion 6.
  • the initial position is set in advance such that the protruding portion of the output surface of the piezoelectric vibrator comes into pressure contact with the mating member with a predetermined pressing force.
  • 1A is a side sectional view showing a state before pressure contact
  • FIG. 1C shows a state in which pressure contact is started between the projecting portion 2 of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 and the mating member 7 during operation. ing.
  • the leaf spring 5 and the piezoelectric vibrator 1 are bonded and fixed, no backlash or slip occurs between them, and there is no change in vibration characteristics, and a stable output can be generated. Further, since the plate surface 5a of the leaf spring 5 is oriented in the pressurizing direction, the plate spring 5 has an appropriate flexibility in the pressurizing direction, whereby vibration of the vibrator 1 is not suppressed and energy loss is small. Further, the rigidity in the direction other than the pressurizing direction is sufficiently high depending on the form of the leaf spring 5, and a stable pressurizing force can be applied in the pressurizing direction, so that no additional pressurizing mechanism such as a coil spring is required. A low-cost and compact holding device can be realized.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator 1 is supported by two parallel leaf springs on one side surface.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator 1 may be supported by three or more leaf springs.
  • each leaf spring is preferably fixed to the node portion of the vibrator.
  • FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing a first modification of the first embodiment.
  • a pair of parallel leaf springs 5 and 8 are fixed to the opposite side surfaces of the prismatic piezoelectric vibrator 1, respectively, and the fixed position is the same as the position of the node 6 (FIG. 3) of the piezoelectric vibrator 1. It has become.
  • the leaf spring ends 5 b and 8 b of the leaf springs 5 and 8 opposite to the piezoelectric vibrator 1 are bonded and fixed to the support member 3.
  • the four plate springs 5 and 8 have their plate surfaces 5a and 8a facing the pressure direction of the piezoelectric vibrator, and these four plate springs 5 and 8 are arranged in parallel to each other.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator 1 When the projecting portion 2 of the output surface 1a of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 is brought into pressure contact with the mating member at the start of operation, the piezoelectric vibrator 1 is opposite to the pressing direction by the mating member in the same manner as described with reference to FIG.
  • the initial position is set so as to be pushed slightly into this position, and an initial pressure is applied between the protrusion 2 of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 and the mating member at this position by the spring force of the leaf springs 5 and 8.
  • FIG. 4A is a side sectional view of a rectangular piezoelectric vibrator holding device according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4B is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 4A.
  • FIG. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of the piezoelectric vibrator at the time of operation in which the protrusion on the output surface is pressed against the mating member.
  • one end of a pair of parallel leaf springs 9 and 10 is bonded and fixed to the opposite side surfaces 1b and 1c of the prismatic piezoelectric vibrator 1, respectively.
  • the leaf springs 9, 10 are bonded and fixed to the support member 3 on the fixed side in the same manner as in the first modification of the first embodiment, but in the second embodiment, the leaf springs 9, 10 have piezoelectric vibration. It is formed longer than the distance d between the child 1 and the support member 3. Then, the fixing position with the side surface of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 is attached closer to the output surface 1 a side of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 than the fixing position with the support member 3. That is, the leaf springs 9 and 10 are inclined so as to be biased toward the output surface 1a of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 in a state before the operation is started.
  • the plate surfaces 9 a and 10 a of the plate springs 9 and 10 are formed so as to face the pressure direction of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 in general. More precisely, the plate surfaces 9a and 10a (FIG. 4B) of the plate springs 9 and 10 are in relation to a plane including the other side surface 1h which is perpendicular to the side surface of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 on the plate spring fixing side. Are formed on a vertical surface.
  • the support member 3 In the operation start state of the piezoelectric vibrator 1, the support member 3 is pushed toward the counterpart member 7 while pressing the protrusion 2 of the output surface 1 a of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 against the counterpart member 7 such as a driven member or a workpiece. .
  • the leaf springs 9 and 10 supporting the piezoelectric vibrator 1 are buckled and deformed in a V shape as shown in FIG. It will be in the form of pressure contact with pressure.
  • a voltage having a frequency according to a predetermined vibration mode is applied to the piezoelectric vibrator 1 to generate a vibration output at the protrusion 2 on the output surface.
  • FIG. 6A shows a non-linear spring characteristic
  • FIG. 6B shows a normal spring characteristic.
  • the load applied to the spring and the spring displacement have a proportional relationship according to Hooke's law.
  • the load change is substantially constant when a certain displacement is exceeded as shown in FIG. Become. Therefore, when the piezoelectric vibrator is displaced so as to be pressed toward the mating member in the initial setting, it is set to a constant load portion ( ⁇ X1) of this nonlinear spring characteristic.
  • the load change amount ⁇ F1 with respect to the displacement change amount ⁇ X1 is large. Since the pressure applied to the pressure changes in a proportional relationship, fluctuations in the pressure are large and stable operation cannot be obtained. However, when supported by the leaf springs 9 and 10 in the buckled state as shown in FIGS. Even if the position of the output surface 1a of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 changes, pressurization with a constant load becomes possible. Thereby, for example, when the counterpart member is linearly moved by an ultrasonic motor, the planar accuracy of the counterpart member 7 in contact with the piezoelectric vibrator 1 can be relaxed, and the movement distance of the counterpart member 7 can be increased accordingly. Also, the moving speed can be stabilized.
  • FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a holding device for a rectangular piezoelectric vibrator according to a third embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view thereof.
  • a fixed-side support member to which a plate spring structure to be described later is fixed is not shown.
  • FIG. 9 is an enlarged perspective view of the leaf spring structure according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a side view of the leaf spring structure according to the third embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the holding device of the third embodiment has a box-shaped support member 11 that accommodates the rectangular piezoelectric vibrator 1 in a separated state.
  • a through hole 11 a is formed at one end of the support member 11, and a protrusion 2 formed on the output surface 1 a of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 partially protrudes from the through hole 11 a.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator 1 is supported on the inner walls 11b and 11c of the box-shaped support member 11 by the leaf spring structure 12 at two portions corresponding to the above-mentioned node portions of the piezoelectric vibrator 1, and the spring of the leaf spring structure 12 is supported.
  • An elastic reaction force is generated when an external force is applied to the protrusion 2 of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 by a force.
  • the plate surface 12a of the leaf spring structure 12 faces the pressurizing direction of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 as a whole.
  • the leaf spring structure 12 includes first and second leaf spring members 13 and 18 that are integrally coupled to each other.
  • the first leaf spring member 13 has a wide base end portion 14 fixed to one side wall 11 b of the support member 11.
  • a pair of band-like parts 15 extend from the base end part 14 so as to sandwich the opposite opposite side parts 1d of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 so as to straddle the side part 1d, and the side of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 opposite to the base end part 14 After being folded back in a curved shape at the position, it is fixed to the both side portions 1 d of the piezoelectric vibrator 1.
  • the folded portions 16 of the pair of band-shaped portions 15 are in contact with the side portion 1e of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 on the opposite side of the base end portion 14 and are integrally connected to each other. Part) is also fixedly bonded to the side portion 1e.
  • the second leaf spring member 18 is adhesively fixed to the other side wall 11c of the support member 11, that is, the side wall 11c of the support member 11 opposite to the side to which the proximal end portion 14 of the first leaf spring member 13 is fixed. Having a wide base end 19 to be formed. A pair of belt-like portions 20 extend from the base end portion 19 so as to sandwich the opposite opposite side portions 1d of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 therebetween, and the base end portion of the second leaf spring member 18 is extended.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator 1 is fixed to the piezoelectric vibrator 1 after being bent back at a position of the side portion 1 f of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 opposite to 19.
  • the belt-like portion 20 of the second leaf spring member 18 extends outside the belt-like portion 15 of the first leaf spring member 13 and straddles the side portion 1 d of the piezoelectric vibrator 1. Yes.
  • the folded portion 21 of the pair of band-shaped portions 20 of the second leaf spring member 18 is also on the opposite side of the base end portion 19 of the second leaf spring member 18 as the first leaf spring member 13.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator side part 1d is in contact with each other and is integrally connected (part 22), and this part is fixed to the side parts 1d and 1f.
  • the first and second leaf spring members 13 and 18 are folded back at the positions of both side portions 1d of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 across which the strip-like portions 15 and 20 of the first and second leaf spring members 13 and 18 are straddled.
  • the portions extending from the barbs 16 and 21 along the side portion 1d are integrated and fixed to the side portion 1d.
  • a flat plate portion 23 that is in close contact with the side surfaces 1 e, 1 f of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 is formed in the portions 17, 22 integrally connecting the pair of folded portions 16, 21.
  • the flat plate portion 23 is also bonded and fixed to the side surfaces 1e and 1f of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 so that the leaf spring members 13 and 18 and the piezoelectric vibrator 1 are more securely fixed.
  • the pressing elastic force in the pressing direction of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 against the support member 11 is four strips of leaf spring structures 12 surrounding the piezoelectric vibrator 1 (two on each side of the opposite side surfaces, a total of four). This is brought about by the springiness of the parts 15,20.
  • the strength of this elastic force also depends on the lengths of the strips 15 and 20.
  • the belt-like portions 15 and 20 extend along the side portion 1d of the piezoelectric vibrator 1. Since it is extended and folded back at the side portions 1f and 1e of the piezoelectric vibrator 1 opposite to the base end portions 14 and 19 side, the flexibility in the pressurizing direction is ensured while reducing the overall size. it can.
  • the belt-like portions 15 and 20 are configured to extend in an inclined state toward the pressurizing direction. Further, as shown in the drawing, the inclination directions of the band-like portions 15 and 20 of the first and second leaf spring members 13 and 18 are opposite to each other and intersect at the side portion 1d of the piezoelectric vibrator 1. With such a configuration, the leaf spring structure 12 has the nonlinear spring characteristics as described in FIG.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator By setting the initial position setting of 1 to the displacement range ( ⁇ X1) of the portion where the pressing load fluctuation ( ⁇ F2) is small, it is possible to stabilize the pressure applied to the projecting portion of the output surface with respect to the counterpart member.
  • the piezoelectric vibrator can be pressed with a substantially constant load, and stable frictional force and processing force can be obtained with an ultrasonic motor or ultrasonic processing machine that drives friction. Can bring. For example, even when the moving body is fed by pressing the piezoelectric vibrator against the plane portion of the moving body, the planar accuracy of the moving body can be relaxed, and the moving operation can be performed over a longer distance.
  • the rigidity is high in directions other than the pressing direction, the pressing direction is flexible, and the load can be easily adjusted by changing the length of the belt-like portion of the leaf spring structure. Furthermore, there is no play between the piezoelectric vibrator and the support member, and the positioning stability of the piezoelectric vibrator is good, and the loss of vibration energy is less than that using a conventional coil spring.
  • the number of leaf spring structures is not limited to two. Of course, three or more leaf spring structures may be provided depending on the size and capacity of the piezoelectric vibrator. It is.
  • the leaf spring structure can also be easily manufactured by press stamping / bending of a flat plate, and various effects that cannot be obtained by the conventional structure can be achieved, such as realizing a small and low-cost holding device.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a state in which a support member of the holding device for the rectangular piezoelectric vibrator shown in FIG. 7 is removed. It is an expansion perspective view of the leaf spring structure concerning the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a side view of FIG. 9. It is a side view of the ultrasonic motor using the holding means of the conventional piezoelectric vibrator.

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Abstract

　振動エネルギーの損失および振動特性の変化がなく、高効率で安定に出力の供給が可能な圧電振動子の保持装置を提供する事を課題とする。 　本発明の圧電振動子の保持装置は、圧電振動子１を離隔して収容する枠形または箱形の支持部材１１と、この支持部材１１の側部と圧電振動子１との間に介在される板ばね構造体１２とを有し、この板ばね構造体１２は、支持部材１１の片側部に固着された基端部から圧電振動子１の対向両側部を挟むように圧電振動子の側部をまたいで折り返されて該圧電振動子に固着された第１の板ばね部材１３と、支持部材１１の他方の片側部に固着された基端部から圧電振動子１の対向両側部を挟むように圧電振動子１の側部をまたいで折り返されて該圧電振動子に固着された第２の板ばね部材１８とを有し、第１の板ばね部材１３と第２の板ばね部材１８が圧電振動子１との固着部分で一体化されている。

Description

圧電振動子の保持装置
　本発明は、圧電素子を用いた超音波モータ、超音波アクチュエータ、あるいは超音波加工機などに利用される角柱形又は円柱形の形状その他の断面形状をもつ棒状圧電振動子の保持装置に関する。
　例えば電磁モータに代わる駆動装置として圧電振動子を用いた超音波モータが開発されており、また、圧電振動子の出力端に加工手段を形成して各種の接触加工を行う超音波加工機も知られている。これらはいずれも振動子の振動エネルギーを駆動力や加工力とするものであり、この場合の圧電振動子は固有振動モードに応じた周波数の電圧を印加することで、共振状態を形成し、大きな振幅を得てこれに摩擦接触する相手部材に回転、直動などの駆動力や加工力を与えるものである。この原理を利用した超音波振動子や超音波モータについては特許文献１～５などに詳述されている。
　このような圧電振動子は、実施化に際して何らかの手段で支持部材に機構的に支持することが必要となる。この場合、その支持手段としては、振動のエネルギー損失が少なく、かつ、振動特性の変化がないことが重要である。また、超音波モータや超音波加工機は、通常、振動子の先端を相手部材（移送体や被加工物）に加圧接触させて、振動子の振動エネルギーを相手部材に対して駆動力や加工力として与えるものであり、したがって、振動子を保持しつつ相手部材を加圧する加圧機構が必要となる。
　従来の圧電振動子の保持構造としては、例えば特許文献１に示すように、圧電振動子を枠形の案内ケース内に加圧方向に摺動可能に収容して支持し、前記案内ケースをばね手段で加圧方向に押圧することにより、圧電振動子を相手部材に圧接する構造とした超音波モータが開示されている。
　図１１を参照して、この超音波モータの構造を説明すれば、案内ケース２５内に収容された矩形状の圧電振動子１は、その節部の位置２箇所で前記ケース２５の案内部２５ａ，２５ｂで支持するとともに、案内ケース２５の内端面の突出部２６を弾性部材２７を介して圧電振動子１の出力端２８と反対側の端部に接当させ、案内ケース２５の側部を固定側の案内板２９によって摺動可能に支持し、また、前記案内ケース２５の端部をコイルばね３０によって押圧し、これによって圧電振動子１の出力端２８を駆動対象部材（被駆動体）３１に圧接するようにしている。
　この構造で圧電振動子を所定周波数の電圧印加によって振動励起することにより、圧電振動子は同時に屈曲振動および伸縮振動を行い、その出力端が楕円振動して前記被駆動体に周期的に圧接し、両者間の摩擦力で前記被駆動体を回転あるいは直動などの動作を行わせる。
特開平１１－３４６４８６号公報 特許第３３１１４４６号公報 特開２００４－２９７９５１号公報 特開２０００－１１６１６２号公報 特開２００５－６５３５８号公報 特許第２７７２２２１１号公報
　図１１に示す超音波モータでは、圧電振動子１の振動変位の最も小さい節の部分で加圧方向に垂直な２方向から圧電振動子を支持し、加圧方向以外の自由度を拘束し、かつ出力を取り出す出力端２８に対して反対側の端部を案内ケース２５の内壁の突出部２６に接当させ、ケース自体を外部からコイルばね３０によって押圧し、これによって加圧方向の変位を規制するという構造をとっている。しかし、この構造では、圧電振動子１の側部と案内ケース２５の振動子案内部２５ａ，２５ｂとが接着固定されていないことから、この部位での僅かなすべりやガタのため圧電振動子１の振動特性が変化してしまう。そのため、安定した駆動出力を提供できないという問題が生じる。
　また、案内ケース２５の突出部２６と接当して押圧される圧電振動子１の端部は、振動の節部分ではなく、先端側の出力端２８と同様の振動をしているため、すべり等によるエネルギー損失が発生する。さらに、この超音波モータの加圧機構には通常のコイルばね３０を用いているので、前記出力端２８と接触する被駆動体３１の平面精度の関係で圧電振動子１と被駆動体３１との距離が変化すると、コイルばね３０によって発生する加圧力が変化してしまう。この加圧力（押圧力）は、超音波モータや超音波加工機では出力に大きな影響を与えるため、このような押圧力の変化は極力避けなければならないが、上述のようなコイルばねによる加圧力付与では難しいという問題がある。
　本発明は、振動エネルギーの損失および振動特性の変化がなく、高効率で安定に出力の供給が可能な圧電振動子の保持装置を提供することにある。
　本発明はさらに、圧電振動子に一定の加圧力を付与することができ、より、低コストでコンパクトな構造を有し、かつ、安定した出力を維持できる圧電振動子の保持装置を提供することにある。
　本発明によれば、圧電振動子の保持装置において、前記圧電振動子の側部に加圧方向に離隔した少なくとも２枚の板ばねの一端が固着され、前記板ばねの他端が支持部材に固定され、前記板ばねの板面が前記圧電振動子の加圧方向に向いていることを特徴とする。
　本発明の請求項２に係る圧電振動子の保持装置は、請求項１の構成において、前記板ばねは、前記圧電振動子の振動変位の小さい節部分の位置で該圧電振動子に固着されることを特徴とする。
　また、本発明の請求項３に係る圧電振動子の保持装置は、請求項１または２の構成において、前記板ばねは、各々その長さが互いに等しく、かつ互いに平行に配置されることを特徴とする。
　また、本発明の請求項４に係る圧電振動子の保持装置は、請求項１～３の構成において、前記支持部材が前記板ばねによって前記圧電振動子の加圧方向に向けて弾性的に押圧されていることを特徴とする。
　さらに、本発明の請求項５に係る圧電振動子の保持装置は、請求項１～４の構成において、前記圧電振動子の対向両側部にそれぞれ少なくとも２枚の板ばねが固着されることを特徴とする。
　また、本発明の請求項６に係る圧電振動子の保持装置は、前記圧電振動子の対向両側部に、加圧方向に離隔した少なくとも２枚の板ばねの一端が固着され、前記板ばねの他端が支持部材に固定され、前記板ばねの板面は前記圧電振動子の前記両側部と直角な他方の側部を含む平面に対して垂直方向に向いており、前記圧電振動子の押し付け時に前記板ばねが座屈変形するように各々の前記板ばねの長さが、前記圧電振動子と前記支持部材との間の距離よりも長く形成されることを特徴とする。
　本発明の請求項７に係る圧電振動子の保持装置は、前記圧電振動子を離隔して収容する枠形または箱形の支持部材と、前記支持部材の側部と前記圧電振動子との間に介在される板ばね構造体とを有し、前記板ばね構造体は、前記支持部材の片側部に固着された基端部から前記圧電振動子の対向両側部を挟むように前記圧電振動子の前記側部をまたいで折り返されて該圧電振動子に固着された第１の板ばね部材と、前記支持部材の他方の片側部に固着された基端部から前記圧電振動子の前記対向両側部を挟むように前記圧電振動子の前記側部をまたいで折り返されて該圧電振動子に固着された第２の板ばね部材とを有し、前記第１の板ばね部材と前記第２の板ばね部材が前記圧電振動子との固着部分で一体化されていることを特徴とする。
　また、本発明の請求項８に係る圧電振動子の保持装置は、請求項７に構成において、前記圧電振動子は、該圧電振動子の加圧方向に離隔した少なくとも２体の前記板ばね構造体によって前記支持部材に保持されることを特徴とする。
　また、本発明の請求項９に係る圧電振動子の保持装置は、請求項７または８の構成において、前記板ばね構造体は、前記圧電振動子の振動変位の小さい節部分の位置で該圧電振動子と前記支持部材との間に介在されることを特徴とする。
　さらに、本発明の請求項１０に係る圧電振動子の保持装置は、請求項７～９の構成において、前記板ばね構造体は、全体として前記圧電振動子の加圧方向に向いた板面を有することを特徴とする。
　また、本発明に係る圧電振動子は全体として棒状の形状を成し、かつその横断面が矩形状あるいは多角形状のもの、および横断面が円形状あるいは楕円形状のもの等いずれの形状のものにも適用可能である。
　本発明によれば、振動エネルギーの損失および振動特性の変化が無く、高効率で安定に出力の供給が可能な圧電振動子の保持装置が得られる。また、圧電振動子に一定の加圧力を付与することができ、よりコンパクトな構造で安定した出力を維持できる圧電振動子の保持装置を実現することができる。
　以下、本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照して説明する。
［第１実施形態］
　図１は本発明の第１の実施形態による矩形状圧電振動子の保持装置を示した図であり、同図（ａ）はその側部断面図、同図（ｂ）は図１（ａ）のＡ－Ａ線断面図である。この実施形態による圧電振動子１は横断面が長方形を成した角柱状の振動子であり、その先端の出力面１ａに被駆動体あるいは被加工物等の相手部材（図１には図示省略）に圧接する突部２が形成されている。なお、超音波加工機とする場合は、出力面１ａの突部２は、加工形態に応じて、加工動作に適した突部に形成されるか、あるいは適切な加工具が連結される。なお、以下の実施形態では、いずれも圧電振動子の形状を横断面が矩形となった矩形状圧電振動子としたが、横断面が多角形状のもの、および円柱状あるいは楕円形状の圧電振動子の場合にも同様に適用可能である。また、以下の実施形態では全長にわたって太さの等しい棒状の圧電振動子を例示して説明するが、本発明は太さの異なる棒状の圧電振動子についても適用可能であり、本発明はこのような形態のものも範囲に含まれる。
　この矩形状圧電振動子１の側方に固定側となる支持部材３が配置され、この支持部材３と圧電振動子１の側部との間に一対の平行な板ばね５が設けられている。この場合、各板ばね５の両端部はそれぞれ圧電振動子１の側部と支持部材３の壁面に接着固定されている。各板ばね５は、圧電振動子１の加圧方向にその板面５ａが向くように、つまり板ばね５の板厚方向が圧電振動子１の加圧方向（矢印Ｆ方向）と一致するように配置され、かつ一対の板ばね５の厚み、横幅および長さが等しくされている。なお、本発明においては、一対の板ばね５は必ずしもその厚み、横幅が等しいものでなくてもよく、互いに長さが等しく、かつ厚みや横幅が異なる一対の板ばねとしてもよい。
　圧電振動子１に対する各々の板ばね５の固着位置は、圧電振動子１の振動振幅の最も小さい節部に固着されるのが好ましい。これに関して、図３を参照し、圧電振動子１の振動の様子を模型的に説明すれば、矩形状の圧電振動子１は、固有振動モードに応じた周波数の電圧を印加することにより、振動子全体に屈曲と伸縮の剛性振動が生じ、前記相手部材に対して加圧荷重がかけられる出力端４では楕円振動が誘起される。
　ここで、圧電振動子１の長さ方向の所定位置で振動しない部位があり、この位置を振動の節と称している。このような節部６は振動モードにより１箇所または長さ方向複数箇所に生じるが、第１実施形態では、振動子１の各端部に近い２箇所の位置で生じた例を示す。一対の板ばねは、このような節部６を支持するように圧電振動子の側部２箇所に接着固定されている。
　第１実施形態では、予め前記相手部材に対して、圧電振動子の出力面の突部が所定の押圧力を有して圧接するように初期位置が設定される。なお、図１（ａ）は圧接前の状態の側部断面図であり、図１（ｃ）は作動時、即ち圧電振動子１の突部２と相手部材７との圧接開始の状態を示している。
　この構成においては、板ばね５と圧電振動子１が接着固定されているため、両者の間にガタやすべりが発生せず、振動特性の変化がなく、安定した出力を発生させることができる。また、板ばね５の板面５ａが加圧方向に向いているため、加圧方向に対して適度な柔軟性を有し、これによって振動子１の振動が抑制されず、エネルギー損失が少ない。さらに、加圧方向以外の剛性は、板ばね５の形態により十分高く、加圧方向には安定した加圧力を作用させることができるため、コイルばねなどによる付加的な加圧機構は必要とせず、低コストでコンパクトな保持装置を実現できる。
　なお、上記の実施形態では、圧電振動子１の片側面上で２枚の平行な板ばねで支持する形態を示したが、３枚あるいはそれ以上の板ばねで支持するようにしてもよい。この場合も各板ばねは振動子の節の部分に固着されるのがよい。
　（変形例１）
　図２は第１実施形態の変形例１を示す側部断面図である。この例では、角柱状圧電振動子１の対向両側面にそれぞれ一対の平行な板ばね５，８が固着され、かつ、その固着位置は圧電振動子１の節部６（図３）の位置となっている。各々の板ばね５，８の圧電振動子１と反対側の板ばね端部５ｂ，８ｂは支持部材３に接着固定される。４枚の板ばね５，８はともにその板面５ａ，８ａが圧電振動子の加圧方向に向いており、また、これら４枚の板ばね５，８は互いに平行に配置されている。動作開始時に圧電振動子１の出力面１ａの突部２を相手部材に圧接させるときは、図１（ｃ）で説明した場合と同様に圧電振動子１が相手部材によって加圧方向と反対側へ若干押し込まれるように初期位置の設定がなされ、この位置で圧電振動子１の突部２と相手部材間に板ばね５，８のばね力による初期加圧力がかけられる。
［第２実施形態］
　図４（ａ）は本発明の第２実施形態の矩形状圧電振動子の保持装置の側部断面図であり、図４（ｂ）は図４（ａ）のＢ－Ｂ線断面図である。また、図５は圧電振動子の出力面の突部が相手部材に圧接した作動時の側部断面図である。図４（ａ），（ｂ）に示すように、角柱状圧電振動子１の対向両側面１ｂ，１ｃにそれぞれ一対の平行な板ばね９，１０の一端が接着固定され、また、板ばね９，１０の各他端は固定側の支持部材３に接着固定されることは第１の実施形態の変形例１と同様であるが、第２実施形態では各板ばね９，１０は、圧電振動子１と支持部材３との間の距離ｄよりも長く形成されている。そして、支持部材３との固着位置よりも圧電振動子１の側面との固着位置が圧電振動子１の出力面１ａ側に寄って取り付けられている。つまり、各板ばね９，１０は、作動開始前の状態においては、圧電振動子１の出力面１ａへ向って偏倚するように傾斜している。
　また、板ばね９，１０の板面９ａ，１０ａは、概ね圧電振動子１の加圧方向に向いて形成されている。より正確には、板ばね９，１０の板面９ａ，１０ａ（図４（ｂ））は、圧電振動子１の板ばね固着側の側面と直角関係にある他方の側面１ｈを含む平面に対して垂直な面上に存在するように形成されている。
　圧電振動子１の作動開始状態では、被駆動部材や被加工物など相手部材７に圧電振動子１の出力面１ａの突部２を押し付けつつ、支持部材３を相手部材７側へ押動させる。これによって圧電振動子１を支持している板ばね９，１０は図５に示すようにＶ状に座屈変形した形態となって圧電振動子１の突部２が相手部材７に所定の押圧力で圧接される形態となる。この状態で、圧電振動子１に所定振動モードによる周波数の電圧を印加し、出力面の突部２に振動出力を生じさせる。
　上述のように座屈変形した板ばねは非線形ばね特性を有する。図６（ａ）に非線形ばね特性を、同図（ｂ）に通常のばね特性を示す。通常のばね特性では、ばねに加わる荷重とばね変位はフックの法則に従った比例関係を示すが、非線形ばね特性の場合は、図６の如く或る変位を超えると荷重の変化が略一定となる。したがって、初期設定で圧電振動子を相手部材へ向けて押し付けるように変位させる際には、この非線形ばね特性の荷重一定の変位部分（ΔＸ１）に設定する。
　同じ変位部分でも通常のばね特性をもつ支持ばねの場合は、変位の変化量ΔＸ１に対する荷重の変化量ΔＦ１が大きく、超音波モータなどに適用した場合、押し付け量の変動で圧電振動子の相手部材に対する加圧力は比例関係で変化するため、加圧力の変動が大きく、安定した作動が得られなくなるが、図４，図５に示すような座屈状態の板ばね９，１０で支持した場合、圧電振動子１の出力面１ａの位置が変化しても一定荷重での加圧が可能になる。これによって、例えば、超音波モータで相手部材を直動させる場合、圧電振動子１と接触する相手部材７の平面精度を緩和させることができ、また、それだけ相手部材７の移動距離を大きくでき、また移動速度も安定化し得る。
　（変形例２）
　上述の第２実施形態では、圧電振動子の１つの対向両側面に板ばねを固着した例を示したが、第２実施形態の変形例として圧電振動子の２つの対向両側面、即ち、４側面に同様の押し付け設定時に座屈状態となる板ばねを取り付けた構造とすることもできる。そして非線形ばね特性の荷重一定部分を利用することにより、被移動体や被加工物となる相手部材と圧電振動子との距離（振動子の加圧方向の接触位置）が或る領域で変化しても、加圧力を一定で作用させることができる。したがって、本発明の超音波モータや超音波加工機においては、相手部材に安定した摩擦力や加工力の作用を与えることができる。
［第３実施形態］
　図７は本発明の第３実施形態に係る矩形状圧電振動子の保持装置の縦断面図であり、図８はその斜視図である。なお、図８では明瞭化のため、後述する板ばね構造体を固着する固定側の支持部材は図示省略してある。図９は第３実施形態における板ばね構造体の拡大斜視図である。また、図１０は図９に示した第３実施形態に係る板ばね構造体の側面図である。これらの図を参照すれば、この第３実施形態の保持装置は、矩形状の圧電振動子１を離隔状態に収容する箱形の支持部材１１を有している。支持部材１１の一端部に貫通孔１１ａが形成され、この貫通孔１１ａから圧電振動子１の出力面１ａに形成した突部２が部分的に突出している。圧電振動子１の前述した節部に対応する部位２箇所で圧電振動子１はそれぞれ板ばね構造体１２によって箱形支持部材１１の内壁１１ｂ，１１ｃに支持され、この板ばね構造体１２のばね力によって圧電振動子１の突部２に押し込み外力がかかったときに弾性的な反力を生じるようになっている。なお、この板ばね構造体１２の板面１２ａは全体として圧電振動子１の加圧方向に向いている。
　板ばね構造体１２は、互いに一体に結合された第１、第２の板ばね部材１３，１８で構成されている。
　第１の板ばね部材１３は、支持部材１１の一方の側壁１１ｂに固着される幅広の基端部１４を有する。この基端部１４から圧電振動子１の対向両側部１ｄを挟むように一対の帯状部１５が該側部１ｄをまたぐように伸長し、基端部１４と反対側の圧電振動子１の側部位置でわん曲状に折り返えされてから、圧電振動子１の該両側部１ｄに固着されている。なお、この実施形態では一対の帯状部１５の折り返えし部１６が基端部１４の反対側の圧電振動子１の側部１ｅに接して互いに一体に連結され、この部分（符号１７の部分）でも前記側部１ｅに接着固定されている。
　第２の板ばね部材１８は、支持部材１１の他方の側壁１１ｃ、即ち、第１の板ばね部材１３の基端部１４が固着される側と反対側の支持部材１１の側壁１１ｃに接着固定される幅広の基端部１９を有する。この基端部１９から圧電振動子１の対向両側部１ｄを間に挟むように一対の帯状部２０が該側部１ｄをまたぐように伸長し、前記第２の板ばね部材１８の基端部１９と反対側の圧電振動子１の側部１ｆ位置でわん曲状に折り返えされてから、圧電振動子１に固着されている。なお、第２の板ばね部材１８の帯状部２０は、図８に示すように、第１の板ばね部材１３の帯状部１５の外側に伸長して圧電振動子１の側部１ｄをまたいでいる。
　第２の板ばね部材１８の一対の帯状部２０の折り返えし部２１も、第１の板ばね部材１３と同様に、該第２の板ばね部材１８の基端部１９と反対側の圧電振動子側部１ｄに接して互いに一体に連結され（符号２２の部分）、かつ、この部分で前記側部１ｄ，１ｆに固着されている。また、第１，第２の板ばね部材１３，１８の帯状部１５，２０がまたいでいる圧電振動子１の両側部１ｄの位置で第１、第２の板ばね部材１３，１８の折り返えし部１６，２１から該側部１ｄに沿って伸びる部分は両者一体化されて該側部１ｄに固着されている。なお、各板ばね部材１３，１８について、一対の折り返えし部１６，２１を一体に連結した部分１７，２２には、圧電振動子１の側面１ｅ，１ｆに密着する平板部２３が形成され、この平板部２３の部分でも圧電振動子１の側面１ｅ，１ｆに接着固定され、これによって各板ばね部材１３，１８と圧電振動子１との固着がより確実になされる。
　支持部材１１に対する圧電振動子１の加圧方向の押し付け弾性力は、圧電振動子１を囲む板ばね構造体１２の４本（対向両側面の各片側に２本づつ、合計４本）の帯状部１５，２０のばね性によってもたらされる。この弾性力の強さは前記帯状部１５，２０の長さにも依存する。一般に、加圧方向の柔軟性をより増加させる場合、板ばねの長さを長くする必要があるが、本発明の構造では、帯状部１５，２０は圧電振動子１の側部１ｄに沿って伸長し、しかも基端部１４，１９側と反対側の圧電振動子１の側部１ｆ，１ｅで折り返えす構成としているので、全体のコンパクト化を図りながら、加圧方向の柔軟性を確保できる。
　板ばね構造体１２の支持部材１１に固着される基端部１４，１９の位置は、圧電振動子１との固着位置よりも加圧方向の出力面１ａと反対側に寄った位置で固着されており、したがって帯状部１５，２０は加圧方向に向けて傾斜状態に伸長する構成となっている。また、図示のように、第１、第２の板ばね部材１３，１８の帯状部１５，２０の傾斜方向は逆向きであって、圧電振動子１の側部１ｄで交差している。このような構成により、板ばね構造体１２は圧電振動子１の出力面の突部２から加わる押し付け荷重に対し、図６（ａ）で説明したような非線形ばね特性を有し、圧電振動子１の初期位置設定を押し付け荷重の変動（ΔＦ２）の小さい部分の変位範囲（ΔＸ１）に設定することにより、相手部材に対する出力面の突部の加圧力を安定化させることができる。これにより相手部材との接触位置が変動する条件下においても、概ね一定荷重で圧電振動子を押し付けることができ、摩擦駆動を行う超音波モータや超音波加工機で安定した摩擦力、加工力をもたらすことができる。例えば、被移動体の平面部に圧電振動子を圧接させて被移動体を送り動作させる場合にも、被移動体の平面精度を緩和でき、それだけ長い距離を移動動作させることができる。
　また、押し付け方向以外の方向には剛性が高く、押し付け方向には柔軟性があり、かつ荷重の調整も、板ばね構造体の帯状部の長さを変えることで容易に調整可能である。さらに、圧電振動子と支持部材間にはガタがなく、圧電振動子の位置決めの安定性が良く、従来のようなコイルばねを用いたものと比べて振動エネルギーの損失が少ない。
　なお、第３実施形態においても、板ばね構造体は２個に限定されるものではなく、圧電振動子の大きさ、容量などにより、３個あるいはそれ以上の個数を設けてもよいことは勿論である。板ばね構造体も平板のプレス打抜き・折曲げ加工で容易に製作でき、小形、低コストの保持装置を実現できるなど、従来の構造では得られない種々の効果がもたらされる。
本発明の第１の実施形態による矩形状圧電振動子の保持装置を示した図である。 第１実施形態の変形例１を示す側部断面図である。 楕円振動超音波アクチュエータに用いられる圧電振動子の振動形態を模型的に示した図である。 本発明の第２実施形態に係る矩形状圧電振動子の保持装置を示した図である。 本発明の第２実施形態に係る矩形状圧電振動子の保持装置の作動時の状態を示す側部断面図である。 本発明に係る保持装置における板ばね部材の非線形ばね特性および通常のばねによる変位－荷重特性を示す図である。 本発明の第３実施形態に係る矩形状圧電振動子の保持装置の縦断面図である。 図７に示す矩形状圧電振動子の保持装置の支持部材を除いた状態の斜視図である。 本発明に係る板ばね構造体の拡大斜視図である。 図９の側面図である。 従来の圧電振動子の保持手段を用いた超音波モータの側面図である。
符号の説明
１　圧電振動子
１ａ　出力面
３，１１　支持部材
５，８，９，１０　板ばね
６　圧電振動子の節部
７　相手部材
１２　板ばね構造体
１３　第１の板ばね部材
１４，１９　基端部
１５，２０　帯状部
１６，２１　折り返えし部
１８　第２の板ばね部材

Claims (12)

  1. 　圧電振動子の保持装置において、前記圧電振動子の側部に加圧方向に離隔した少なくとも２枚の板ばねの一端が固着され、前記板ばねの他端が支持部材に固定され、前記板ばねの板面が前記圧電振動子の加圧方向に向いていることを特徴とする圧電振動子の保持装置。
  2. 　前記板ばねは、前記圧電振動子の振動変位の小さい節部分の位置で該圧電振動子に固着されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の圧電振動子の保持装置。
  3. 　前記板ばねは、各々の長さが互いに等しく、かつ互いに平行に配置されることを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の圧電振動子の保持装置。
  4. 　前記支持部材が前記板ばねによって前記圧電振動子の加圧方向に向けて弾性的に押圧されていることを特徴とする請求項１～３に記載の圧電振動子の保持装置。
  5. 　前記圧電振動子の対向両側部にそれぞれ少なくとも２枚の板ばねが固着されることを特徴とする請求項１～４に記載の圧電振動子の保持装置。
  6. 　圧電振動子の保持装置において、前記圧電振動子の対向両側部に、加圧方向に離隔した少なくとも２枚の板ばねの一端が固着され、前記板ばねの他端が支持部材に固定され、前記板ばねの板面は前記圧電振動子の前記両側部と直角な他方の側部を含む平面に対して垂直方向に向いており、前記圧電振動子の押し付け時に前記板ばねが座屈変形するように各々の前記板ばねの長さが、前記圧電振動子と前記支持部材との間の距離よりも長く形成されることを特徴とする圧電振動子の保持装置。
  7. 　圧電振動子の保持装置において、前記圧電振動子を離隔して収容する枠形または箱形の支持部材と、前記支持部材の側部と前記圧電振動子との間に介在される板ばね構造体とを有し、
    　前記板ばね構造体は、前記支持部材の片側部に固着された基端部から前記圧電振動子の対向両側部を挟むように前記圧電振動子の前記側部をまたいで折り返されて該圧電振動子に固着された第１の板ばね部材と、前記支持部材の他方の片側部に固着された基端部から前記圧電振動子の前記対向両側部を挟むように前記圧電振動子の前記側部をまたいで折り返されて該圧電振動子に固着された第２の板ばね部材とを有し、前記第１の板ばね部材と前記第２の板ばね部材が前記圧電振動子との固着部分で一体化されていることを特徴とする圧電振動子の保持装置。
  8. 　前記圧電振動子は、該圧電振動子の加圧方向に離隔した少なくとも２体の前記板ばね構造体によって前記支持部材に保持されることを特徴とする請求項７に記載の圧電振動子の保持装置。
  9. 　前記板ばね構造体は、前記圧電振動子の振動変位の小さい節部分の位置で該圧電振動子と前記支持部材との間に介在されることを特徴とする請求項７または８に記載の圧電振動子の保持装置。
  10. 　前記板ばね構造体は、全体として前記圧電振動子の加圧方向に向いた板面を有することを特徴とする請求項７～９に記載の圧電振動子の保持装置。
  11. 　前記圧電振動子は横断面が矩形ないし多角形となった棒状圧電振動子であることを特徴とする請求項１～１０に記載の圧電振動子の保持装置。
  12. 　前記圧電振動子は横断面が円形ないし楕円形となった棒状圧電振動子であることを特徴とする請求項１～１０に記載の圧電振動子の保持装置。
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