WO2010001830A1 - 白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、照明装置及び表示装置 - Google Patents
白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、照明装置及び表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a white light-emitting organic electroluminescent element and a lighting device and a display device using the white light-emitting organic electroluminescent element.
- ELD electroluminescence display
- an inorganic electroluminescence element hereinafter also referred to as an inorganic EL element
- an organic electroluminescence element hereinafter also referred to as an organic EL element
- Inorganic EL elements have been used as planar light sources, but an alternating high voltage is required to drive the light emitting elements.
- an organic EL element has a structure in which a light emitting layer containing a compound that emits light is sandwiched between a cathode and an anode. By injecting electrons and holes into the light emitting layer and recombining them, excitons (exciton) are obtained.
- Is a device that emits light by using light emission (fluorescence / phosphorescence) when this exciton is deactivated, and can emit light at a voltage of several volts to several tens of volts. Therefore, it has a wide viewing angle, high visibility, and since it is a thin-film type complete solid-state device, it is attracting attention from the viewpoints of space saving and portability.
- the organic EL element is also a major feature that it is a surface light source, unlike the main light sources that have been used in the past, such as light-emitting diodes and cold-cathode tubes.
- Applications that can effectively utilize this characteristic include illumination light sources and various display backlights.
- it is also suitable to be used as a backlight of a liquid crystal full color display whose demand has been increasing in recent years.
- the light emission color is white or a light source exhibiting a so-called light bulb color (hereinafter collectively referred to as white).
- the light emitting layer is formed by stacking three layers of B / G / R or two layers having complementary colors such as B / Y (for example, see Patent Document 1), multicolor.
- Luminescent pixels such as blue, green, and red colors are simultaneously emitted and mixed to obtain white, and a color conversion dye is used to obtain white (for example, blue light emitting material and color conversion fluorescent dye Combination)
- white for example, blue light emitting material and color conversion fluorescent dye Combination
- the method using multicolored light emitting pixels has a problem that the manufacturing process such as mask alignment is complicated and the yield is low, and the color conversion method has low luminous efficiency.
- a highly efficient light-emitting element can be obtained by containing two or more light-emitting materials in the same light-emitting layer and using one of them as an orthometalated complex (see, for example, Patent Document 3).
- the efficiency is high for devices that do not contain ortho-metalated complexes as the light-emitting material, but the efficiency is still insufficient because a fluorescent light-emitting material is used as part of the light-emitting material. It was.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a coating type organic EL device excellent in driving current chromaticity stability, chromaticity stability during continuous driving and color rendering.
- a white light-emitting organic electroluminescence element having at least one organic layer sandwiched between the anode side electrode and the cathode side electrode, A light-emitting layer as a constituent layer, at least one of the light-emitting layers contains a plurality of light-emitting materials having different emission colors, and has an emission spectrum of at least three emission maxima in a wavelength range of 420 nm to 650 nm; A white light-emitting organic electroluminescence device having a light emission minimum in a wavelength range of 510 nm, and a difference between adjacent light emission maximums in the light emission maximum being 30 nm to 70 nm.
- the light emission intensity at a wavelength where the light emission spectra of two light emitting materials adjacent to each other with the light emission maximum overlap is 30 or more when each light emission maximum intensity is 100. 4.
- the white light-emitting organic electroluminescence device according to any one of 3 above.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group
- Rb and Rc each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent
- A1 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic group. It represents a residue necessary for forming a heterocyclic ring
- M represents Ir or Pt.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group
- Rb, Rc, Rb 1 and Rc 1 each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent
- a 1 represents an aromatic group. It represents a residue necessary for forming a hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic heterocycle
- M represents Ir or Pt.
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group
- Rb and Rc each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent
- A1 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic group. It represents a residue necessary for forming a heterocyclic ring
- M represents Ir or Pt.
- ⁇ max (1/2) ⁇ max where ⁇ max is the longest light emission maximum wavelength and ⁇ max (1/2) is the wavelength on the long wave side indicating half the intensity of the light emission maximum. 10.
- the white light-emitting organic electroluminescence device as described in any one of 1 to 9 above, wherein ⁇ 40 nm.
- the mass ratio ⁇ / ⁇ ⁇ 0 when the content ⁇ of the light-emitting material having a light emission maximum at 420 nm to 480 nm and the content ⁇ of the light-emitting material having a light emission maximum at 555 nm to 650 nm, the mass ratio ⁇ / ⁇ ⁇ 0.
- the white light-emitting organic electroluminescent device as described in any one of 1 to 11 above, which is .1.
- the mass ratio ⁇ / ⁇ ⁇ 0 In the light-emitting material contained in the light-emitting layer, when the content ⁇ of the light-emitting material having a light emission maximum at 420 nm to 480 nm and the content ⁇ of the light-emitting material having a light emission maximum at 555 nm to 650 nm, the mass ratio ⁇ / ⁇ ⁇ 0.
- the white light-emitting organic electroluminescence device as described in any one of 1 to 11 above, which is .05.
- a lighting device comprising the white light-emitting organic electroluminescence element as described in any one of 1 to 14 above.
- a display device comprising the white light-emitting organic electroluminescence element as described in any one of 1 to 14 above.
- a white light-emitting organic EL element excellent in anti-drive current chromaticity stability, chromaticity stability during continuous driving and color rendering is provided, and an illumination device and a display device including the white light-emitting organic EL element are provided.
- an illumination device and a display device including the white light-emitting organic EL element are provided.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a display unit A.
- FIG. It is a schematic diagram of a pixel. It is a schematic diagram of a passive matrix type full-color display device. It is the schematic of an illuminating device. It is a schematic diagram of an illuminating device.
- the white light-emitting organic EL device of the present invention is excellent in driving current chromaticity stability, chromaticity stability during continuous driving, and color rendering by having the configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 14.
- a white light-emitting organic EL device could be provided.
- an illumination device and a display device including the white light-emitting organic EL element could be provided.
- the light emitting layer according to the white light emitting organic EL device of the present invention will be described.
- the spectral characteristics (emission spectrum, emission maximum, etc.) of the light emitting layer, the manufacturing method of the light emitting layer (the manufacturing method of the entire element will be described together), and the like will be mainly described.
- the present inventors have, as described in claim 1, white light-emitting organic electroluminescence having at least one organic layer sandwiched between an anode-side electrode and a cathode-side electrode.
- the element It has at least one light-emitting layer as a constituent layer, the light-emitting layer contains a plurality of light-emitting materials having different emission colors, and has an emission spectrum of at least three emission maxima in a wavelength range of 420 nm to 650 nm and a wavelength of 480 nm to 510 nm.
- the emission spectrum of the light-emitting layer is obtained by combining the emission spectra of a plurality of light-emitting materials contained in the light-emitting layer to obtain an emission spectrum as an element.
- the obtained emission spectrum emits light in the wavelength range of 480 nm to 510 nm.
- emission maximum of light emitting layer (Preferred embodiment of emission maximum of light emitting layer, emission spectrum, light emitting material)
- the emission spectrum of the light emitting layer according to the present invention the light emission maximum of the light emission spectrum, and preferred embodiments of the light emitting material contained in the light emitting layer will be described.
- the contained host compound, light-emitting dopant (also simply referred to as light-emitting material), and other constituent layers according to the organic EL element of the present invention will be described later). A more detailed description will be given.
- the emission maximum is preferably at least in the respective wavelength ranges of 420 nm to 480 nm, 510 nm to 610 nm, and 555 nm to 650 nm.
- the emission spectrum preferably has four emission maxima in the wavelength range of 420 nm to 650 nm.
- the difference between adjacent emission maximums is preferably 30 nm to 70 nm.
- the difference between the light emission maximum due to one of the plurality of light emission maximums and the other light emitting material may be 30 nm to 70 nm.
- the light emission intensity at a wavelength where the light emission spectra of two light emitting materials adjacent to each other in the light emission maximum overlap is preferably 30 or more when each light emission maximum intensity is 100. If the light emission minimum sandwiched between the light emission maximums is low, the color rendering property is inferior because the color in the wavelength region cannot be expressed.
- At least one emission spectrum of the plurality of light emitting materials has an emission maximum at 420 nm to 480 nm, and the emission spectrum is a double peak having two emission maxima.
- the plurality of light emitting materials are all phosphorescent light emitting materials.
- the phosphorescent material also referred to as a phosphorescent dopant, a phosphorescent dopant, etc.
- a phosphorescent dopant also referred to as a phosphorescent dopant, a phosphorescent dopant, etc.
- all light emitting materials contained in the light emitting layer are phosphorescent light emitting materials.
- ⁇ max (1/2) where ⁇ max is the longest light emission maximum wavelength and ⁇ max (1/2) is the wavelength on the long wave side showing half the intensity of the light emission maximum. It is preferable that ⁇ max ⁇ 40 nm.
- the total content of the light emitting material in the light emitting layer is preferably 5% by mass to 30% by mass.
- the light emitting layer of the white light emitting organic EL device of the present invention preferably contains at least one of a light emitting host compound (also simply referred to as a host compound, a host, etc.) and a light emitting material (also referred to as a light emitting dopant) as a guest material. It is further preferable to contain a luminescent host compound and three or more luminescent materials.
- a light emitting host compound also simply referred to as a host compound, a host, etc.
- a light emitting material also referred to as a light emitting dopant
- the host compound will be described in detail later in the layer configuration of the organic EL element.
- the method for producing an organic EL device of the present invention is a method for producing an organic electroluminescence device having at least one organic layer sandwiched between an anode side electrode and a cathode side electrode, and has at least one light emitting layer as a constituent layer.
- a dry process such as vapor deposition or a wet process such as coating can be selected.
- the applied energy is concentrated on a light-emitting material having a low light-emitting energy level.
- Examples of the wet process used in the present invention include a spin coating method, a casting method, an ink jet method, a spray method, and a printing method.
- film formation by a coating method such as a spin coating method, an ink jet method, a spray method, or a printing method is preferable from the viewpoint that a homogeneous film is easily obtained and pinholes are hardly generated.
- Coating solvent including dispersion solvent
- examples of the coating solvent include methylene chloride (40 ° C.), methyl ethyl ketone (79.6 ° C.), tetrahydrofuran (66 ° C.), cyclohexanone ( Ketones such as 155.65 ° C., fatty acid esters such as ethyl acetate (77.111 ° C.), dichlorobenzene (m-form: 173.0 ° C., o-form: 180.4 ° C., p-form: 174.1 ° C.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexylbenzene (238.9 ° C.), cyclohexane (80.77 ° C.), decalin (cis form: 195.7 ° C., trans form: 187.2 ° C.), dode Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as emissions (210.3 °C), DMF (153 °C), can be used organic solvents such as DMSO (208 °C).
- a desired electrode material for example, a thin film made of an anode material is formed on a suitable substrate by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering so as to have a film thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably 10 nm to 200 nm. , Also referred to as an anode).
- an organic compound thin film such as a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, and an electron transport layer, which is an organic EL element material, is formed thereon.
- a method for forming each of these layers there are a vapor deposition method, a wet process (spin coating method, casting method, ink jet method, spray method, printing method), etc., but it is easy to obtain a homogeneous film and it is difficult to generate pinholes.
- film formation by a coating method such as a spin coating method, an ink jet method, a spray method, or a printing method is preferable.
- droplets formed on the substrate by discharging each solution. It is preferable to discharge while moving one or both of the nozzle and the substrate so that they come into contact with each other and mix.
- a liquid medium for dissolving or dispersing the organic EL material at the time of preparing the coating liquid for example, ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone, fatty acid esters such as ethyl acetate,
- halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichlorobenzene, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, mesitylene and cyclohexylbenzene, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, decalin and dodecane, and organic solvents such as DMF and DMSO it can.
- the organic EL element material can be dispersed by a dispersion method such as ultrasonic wave, high shear force dispersion or media dispersion.
- a thin film made of a cathode material is formed thereon by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering so as to have a film thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably in the range of 50 nm to 200 nm.
- a desired organic EL element can be obtained.
- the light emitting layer according to the present invention is a layer that emits light by recombination of electrons and holes injected from the electrode, the electron transport layer, or the hole transport layer, and the light emitting portion is in the layer of the light emitting layer. May be the interface between the light emitting layer and the adjacent layer.
- the thickness of the light emitting layer is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of the uniformity of the film to be formed, the application of unnecessary high voltage during light emission, and the improvement of the stability of the emission color with respect to the drive current. It is preferable to adjust in the range of 2 nm to 200 nm, and more preferably in the range of 5 nm to 100 nm.
- the light emitting layer of the organic EL device of the present invention preferably contains at least one kind of a light emitting host compound and a light emitting material as a guest material, and more preferably contains a light emitting host compound and three or more kinds of light emitting materials.
- a host compound also referred to as a light-emitting host
- a light-emitting material also referred to as a light-emitting dopant compound
- the light emitting material also referred to as a light emitting dopant compound
- the light emitting material also referred to as a light emitting dopant compound
- a fluorescent light-emitting material also referred to as a fluorescent compound
- a phosphorescent light-emitting material also referred to as a phosphorescent light emitter, a phosphorescent compound, or a phosphorescent compound
- the above-mentioned host compound is used as a light-emitting material (sometimes referred to as a light-emitting dopant) used in the light-emitting layer or light-emitting unit of the organic EL device according to the present invention. It is preferable to contain a phosphorescent material simultaneously with containing.
- phosphorescent material (also referred to as phosphorescent dopant) according to the present invention will be described.
- the phosphorescent material according to the present invention is a compound in which light emission from an excited triplet is observed, specifically, a compound that emits phosphorescence at room temperature (25 ° C.), and the phosphorescence quantum yield is Although defined as a compound of 0.01 or more at 25 ° C., a preferred phosphorescence quantum yield is 0.1 or more.
- the phosphorescent quantum yield can be measured by the method described in Spectroscopic II, page 398 (1992 edition, Maruzen) of the Fourth Edition Experimental Chemistry Course 7. Although the phosphorescence quantum yield in a solution can be measured using various solvents, the phosphorescence emitting material according to the present invention achieves the phosphorescence quantum yield (0.01 or more) in any solvent. Just do it.
- the energy transfer type that emits light from the phosphorescent light emitting material by moving to the other, and the other is that the phosphorescent light emitting material becomes a carrier trap, and carrier recombination occurs on the phosphorescent light emitting material and Although it is a carrier trap type in which light emission can be obtained, in any case, it is a condition that the excited state energy of the phosphorescent material is lower than the excited state energy of the host compound.
- the phosphorescent light emitting material can be appropriately selected from known materials used for the light emitting layer of the organic EL element.
- the phosphorescent material according to the present invention is preferably a complex compound containing a group 8-10 metal in the periodic table of elements, more preferably an iridium compound, an osmium compound, or a platinum compound (platinum complex compound) ), Rare earth complexes, and most preferred are iridium compounds.
- the phosphorescent material preferably contains a compound having at least one partial structure selected from the above general formulas (A) to (C).
- At least one partial structure selected from general formulas (A) to (C) >> At least one partial structure selected from the general formulas (A) to (C) according to the present invention will be described.
- the aliphatic group represented by Ra is an alkyl group (for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, isopentyl group, 2-ethyl-hexyl).
- alkyl group for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, isopentyl group, 2-ethyl-hexyl.
- octyl group, undecyl group, dodecyl group, tetradecyl group cycloalkyl group (for example, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group) and the like.
- examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by Ra include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, an azulenyl group, an anthranyl group, a phenanthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrycenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, Examples include o-terphenyl group, m-terphenyl group, p-terphenyl group, acenaphthenyl group, coronenyl group, fluorenyl group, perylenyl group and the like.
- examples of the aromatic heterocyclic group represented by Ra include a pyridyl group, pyrimidinyl group, furyl group, pyrrolyl group, imidazolyl group, benzoimidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, pyrazinyl group, Triazolyl group (for example, 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group, 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl group, etc.), oxazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, isothiazolyl group , Furazanyl group, thienyl group, quinolyl group, benzofuryl group, dibenzofuryl group, benzothienyl group, dibenzothienyl group, indolyl group, carbazolyl group, carbolinyl group, diazacarbazolyl group (which constitutes the carboline ring of the carbolinyl)
- the substituents represented by Rb, Rc, Rb 1 and Rc 1 are each an alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, tert-butyl).
- These rings may further have a substituent represented by each of Rb and Rc.
- examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring formed by A1 include a benzene ring, biphenyl ring, naphthalene ring, azulene ring, anthracene ring, phenanthrene ring, pyrene ring, chrysene ring, Naphthacene ring, triphenylene ring, o-terphenyl ring, m-terphenyl ring, p-terphenyl ring, acenaphthene ring, coronene ring, fluorene ring, fluoranthrene ring, naphthacene ring, pentacene ring, perylene ring, pentaphen ring, Examples include a picene ring, a pyrene ring, a pyranthrene ring, and an anthraanthrene ring.
- These rings may further have a substituent represented by each of Rb and Rc.
- the aromatic heterocycle represented by A1 includes a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyrazine ring, a triazine ring, a benzimidazole ring, an oxadi Azole ring, triazole ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole ring, thiazole ring, indole ring, benzimidazole ring, benzothiazole ring, benzoxazole ring, quinoxaline ring, quinazoline ring, phthalazine ring, carbazole ring, carboline ring, diazacarbazole ring ( A ring in which one of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon ring constituting the carboline ring is further substituted with a nitrogen atom).
- These rings may further have a substituent represented by each of Rb and Rc.
- the structure represented by any one of the general formulas (A) to (C) is a partial structure, and in order to become a light emitting material having a completed structure, it corresponds to the valence of M forming the partial structure.
- a ligand is required.
- halogen for example, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom or iodine atom
- aryl group for example, phenyl group, p-chlorophenyl group, mesityl group, tolyl group, xylyl group, biphenyl group, naphthyl group
- alkyl group eg, methyl group, ethyl group, isopropyl group, hydroxyethyl group, methoxymethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, t-butyl group, etc.
- alkyloxy group aryloxy group
- Alkylthio group, arylthio group aromatic heterocyclic group (for example, furyl group, thienyl group, pyridyl group, pyridazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, triazinyl group, imidazo
- M represents Ir or Pt, among which Ir is preferable. Further, a tris body having a completed structure with three partial structures of the general formulas (A) to (C) is preferable.
- a phosphorescent material (also referred to as a phosphorescent dopant) having a partial structure of any one of the general formulas (A) to (C) is, for example, Inorg. Chem. 40, 1704 to 1711, and the like.
- the following conventionally known compounds can be used in combination.
- fluorescent material also referred to as fluorescent dopant or fluorescent compound
- fluorescent compound fluorescent compound
- examples of the fluorescent light-emitting material (fluorescent compound) used in the present invention include coumarin dyes, pyran dyes, cyanine dyes, croconium dyes, squalium dyes, oxobenzanthracene dyes, fluorescein dyes, rhodamine dyes, Examples include pyrylium dyes, perylene dyes, stilbene dyes, polythiophene dyes, and rare earth complex phosphors.
- the host compound in the present invention is defined as a compound having a phosphorescence quantum yield of phosphorescence emission of less than 0.1 at room temperature (25 ° C.).
- the phosphorescence quantum yield is preferably less than 0.01.
- the mass ratio in the layer is 20% or more among the compounds contained in a light emitting layer.
- known host compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the organic EL element can be made highly efficient.
- the light emitting host used in the present invention may be a conventionally known low molecular compound or a high molecular compound having a repeating unit, and a low molecular compound having a polymerizable group such as a vinyl group or an epoxy group (deposition polymerization property). Light emitting host).
- a compound that has a hole transporting ability and an electron transporting ability, prevents the emission of light from being increased in wavelength, and has a high Tg (glass transition temperature) is preferable.
- Injection layer electron injection layer, hole injection layer >> The injection layer is provided as necessary, and there are an electron injection layer and a hole injection layer, and as described above, it exists between the anode and the light emitting layer or the hole transport layer and between the cathode and the light emitting layer or the electron transport layer. May be.
- An injection layer is a layer provided between an electrode and an organic layer in order to reduce drive voltage and improve light emission luminance.
- Organic EL element and its forefront of industrialization (issued by NTT Corporation on November 30, 1998) 2), Chapter 2, “Electrode Materials” (pages 123 to 166) in detail, and includes a hole injection layer (anode buffer layer) and an electron injection layer (cathode buffer layer).
- anode buffer layer hole injection layer
- copper phthalocyanine is used.
- examples thereof include a phthalocyanine buffer layer represented by an oxide, an oxide buffer layer represented by vanadium oxide, an amorphous carbon buffer layer, and a polymer buffer layer using a conductive polymer such as polyaniline (emeraldine) or polythiophene.
- cathode buffer layer (electron injection layer) The details of the cathode buffer layer (electron injection layer) are described in JP-A-6-325871, JP-A-9-17574, JP-A-10-74586, and the like. Specifically, strontium, aluminum, etc.
- Metal buffer layer typified by lithium, alkali metal compound buffer layer typified by lithium fluoride, alkaline earth metal compound buffer layer typified by magnesium fluoride, oxide buffer layer typified by aluminum oxide, etc.
- the buffer layer (injection layer) is preferably a very thin film, and the film thickness is preferably in the range of 0.1 nm to 5 ⁇ m, although it depends on the material.
- ⁇ Blocking layer hole blocking layer, electron blocking layer>
- the blocking layer is provided as necessary in addition to the basic constituent layer of the organic compound thin film as described above. For example, it is described in JP-A Nos. 11-204258 and 11-204359, and “Organic EL elements and the forefront of industrialization (published by NTT Corporation on November 30, 1998)” on page 237. There is a hole blocking (hole blocking) layer.
- the hole blocking layer has a function of an electron transport layer in a broad sense, and is made of a hole blocking material that has a function of transporting electrons and has a remarkably small ability to transport holes. The probability of recombination of electrons and holes can be improved by blocking. Moreover, the structure of the electron carrying layer mentioned later can be used as a hole-blocking layer concerning this invention as needed.
- the hole blocking layer of the organic EL device according to the present invention is preferably provided adjacent to the light emitting layer.
- the hole blocking layer preferably contains the azacarbazole derivative mentioned as the host compound described above.
- the light emitting layer having the shortest wavelength of light emission is preferably closest to the anode among all the light emitting layers.
- 50% by mass or more of the compound contained in the hole blocking layer provided at the position has an ionization potential of 0.3 eV or more larger than the host compound of the shortest wave emitting layer.
- the ionization potential is defined by the energy required to emit electrons at the HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) level of the compound to the vacuum level, and can be determined by, for example, the following method.
- Gaussian 98 Gaussian 98, Revision A.11.4, MJ Frisch, et al, Gaussian, Inc., Pittsburgh PA, 2002.
- the ionization potential can be obtained as a value obtained by rounding off the second decimal place of the value (eV unit converted value) calculated by performing structural optimization using B3LYP / 6-31G *.
- the reason why this calculated value is effective is that there is a high correlation between the calculated value obtained by this method and the experimental value.
- the ionization potential can also be obtained by a method of directly measuring by photoelectron spectroscopy.
- a low energy electron spectrometer “Model AC-1” manufactured by Riken Keiki Co., Ltd. or a method known as ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy can be suitably used.
- the electron blocking layer has a function of a hole transport layer in a broad sense, and is made of a material that has a function of transporting holes and has an extremely small ability to transport electrons, and transports electrons while transporting holes. By blocking, the recombination probability of electrons and holes can be improved. Moreover, the structure of the positive hole transport layer mentioned later can be used as an electron blocking layer as needed.
- the film thickness of the hole blocking layer and the electron transport layer according to the present invention is preferably 3 nm to 100 nm, and more preferably 5 nm to 30 nm.
- the hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and in a broad sense, a hole injection layer and an electron blocking layer are also included in the hole transport layer.
- the hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the hole transport material has either hole injection or transport or electron barrier properties, and may be either organic or inorganic.
- triazole derivatives oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, oxazole derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives
- Examples include stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aniline copolymers, and conductive polymer oligomers, particularly thiophene oligomers.
- the above-mentioned materials can be used as the hole transport material, but it is preferable to use a porphyrin compound, an aromatic tertiary amine compound and a styrylamine compound, particularly an aromatic tertiary amine compound.
- aromatic tertiary amine compounds and styrylamine compounds include N, N, N ′, N′-tetraphenyl-4,4′-diaminophenyl; N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′— Bis (3-methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl] -4,4′-diamine (TPD); 2,2-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) propane; 1,1-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) cyclohexane; N, N, N ′, N′-tetra-p-tolyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl; 1,1-bis (4-di-p-tolyl) Aminophenyl) -4-phenylcyclohexane; bis (4-dimethylamino-2-methylphenyl) phenylmethane; bis (4-di-p-tolylaminoph
- No. 5,061,569 Having a condensed aromatic ring of, for example, 4,4'-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (NPD), JP-A-4-308 4,4 ′, 4 ′′ -tris [N- (3-methylphenyl) -N-phenylamino] triphenylamine in which three triphenylamine units described in Japanese Patent No. 88 are linked in a starburst type ( MTDATA) and the like.
- NPD 4,4'-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl
- JP-A-4-308 4,4 ′, 4 ′′ -tris [N- (3-methylphenyl) -N-phenylamino] triphenylamine in which three triphenylamine units described in Japanese Patent No. 88 are linked in a starburst type ( MTDATA) and the
- a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain or these materials are used as a polymer main chain can also be used.
- inorganic compounds such as p-type-Si and p-type-SiC can also be used as the hole injection material and the hole transport material.
- JP-A-11-251067 J. Org. Huang et. al.
- a so-called p-type hole transport material described in a book (Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), p. 139) can also be used.
- these materials are preferably used because a light-emitting element with higher efficiency can be obtained.
- the hole transport layer can be formed by thinning the hole transport material by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a printing method including an ink jet method, or an LB method. it can.
- the film thickness of the hole transport layer is preferably in the range of 5 nm to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 nm to 200 nm.
- the hole transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
- a hole transport layer having a high p property doped with impurities examples thereof include JP-A-4-297076, JP-A-2000-196140, JP-A-2001-102175, J. Pat. Appl. Phys. 95, 5773 (2004), and the like.
- a hole transport layer having such a high p property because a device with lower power consumption can be produced.
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and in a broad sense, an electron injection layer and a hole blocking layer are also included in the electron transport layer.
- the electron transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- an electron transport material also serving as a hole blocking material used for an electron transport layer adjacent to the light emitting layer on the cathode side is injected from the cathode.
- any material can be selected and used from among conventionally known compounds. For example, nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives Thiopyrandioxide derivatives, carbodiimides, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives and the like.
- a thiadiazole derivative in which the oxygen atom of the oxadiazole ring is substituted with a sulfur atom, and a quinoxaline derivative having a quinoxaline ring known as an electron withdrawing group can also be used as an electron transport material.
- a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain or these materials are used as a polymer main chain can also be used.
- metal complexes of 8-quinolinol derivatives such as tris (8-quinolinol) aluminum (Alq), tris (5,7-dichloro-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinol) aluminum, Tris (2-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum, bis (8-quinolinol) zinc (Znq), etc.
- the central metals of these metal complexes are In, Mg, Cu , Ca, Sn, Ga, or Pb can also be used as an electron transport material.
- metal-free or metal phthalocyanine or those having terminal ends substituted with an alkyl group or a sulfonic acid group can be preferably used as the electron transporting material.
- the distyrylpyrazine derivative exemplified as the material for the light emitting layer can also be used as an electron transport material, and an inorganic semiconductor such as n-type-Si, n-type-SiC, etc. as in the case of the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer. Can also be used as an electron transporting material.
- the electron transport layer can be formed by thinning the electron transport material by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a printing method including an ink jet method, or an LB method.
- the film thickness of the electron transport layer is not particularly limited, but is usually about 5 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 5 nm to 200 nm.
- the electron transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.
- n-type electron transport layer doped with impurities examples thereof include JP-A-4-297076, JP-A-10-270172, JP-A-2000-196140, 2001-102175, J.A. Appl. Phys. 95, 5773 (2004), and the like.
- an electron transport layer having such a high n property because an element with lower power consumption can be produced.
- Polymerization crosslinkable organic EL element material also called reactive organic EL element material
- an organic compound having a reactive group that can be polymerized and crosslinked after coating also referred to as a reactive organic compound
- a reactive organic compound an organic compound having a reactive group that can be polymerized and crosslinked after coating
- Reactive organic EL element material is polymerized and crosslinked on the substrate to form a network polymer by organic molecules.
- a network polymer By forming the network polymer, device deterioration can be suppressed by adjusting the Tg (glass transition point) of the constituent layers.
- the lower layer does not dissolve in the upper layer coating solution, and the upper layer coating is performed by crosslinking polymerization of the lower layer to deteriorate the solvent solubility. Can be possible.
- Glass transition temperature (Tg) is DSC (Differential Scanning) This is a value determined by a method based on JIS-K-7121 using a calorimetry (differential scanning calorimetry).
- the above-mentioned polymerization crosslinkable organic EL device material can be synthesized, for example, by referring to the method described in New Polymer Experimental 2 Polymer Synthesis / Reaction (Kyoritsu Publishing Co., Ltd.).
- the energy rays include X-rays, neutron rays, electron beams, ultraviolet rays, and the like, preferably ultraviolet rays and electron beams.
- an ultraviolet lamp e.g., low pressure having an operating pressure of up to 0.5 kPa ⁇ 1 MPa, medium pressure, high pressure mercury lamp
- a xenon lamp e.g., a tungsten lamp, a halogen lamp or the like
- 1 mW / cm 2 Ultraviolet rays having an intensity of about 500 mW / cm 2 are preferably irradiated.
- the amount of energy required for polymerization crosslinking is preferably in the range of 0.01 kJ / cm 2 to 30 kJ / cm 2 .
- an electrode material made of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof having a high work function (4 eV or more) is preferably used.
- electrode materials include metals such as Au, and conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- an amorphous material such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO) capable of forming a transparent conductive film may be used.
- these electrode materials may be formed into a thin film by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering, and a pattern having a desired shape may be formed by a photolithography method, or when pattern accuracy is not so high (about 100 ⁇ m or more) A pattern may be formed through a mask having a desired shape at the time of vapor deposition or sputtering of the electrode material.
- a wet film forming method such as a printing method or a coating method can be used.
- the transmittance be greater than 10%, and the sheet resistance as the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the film thickness is preferably in the range of 10 nm to 1000 nm, more preferably in the range of 10 nm to 200 nm, although it depends on the material.
- cathode As the cathode, a material having a work function (4 eV or less) metal (referred to as an electron injecting metal), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound and a mixture thereof as an electrode material is used.
- Electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, rare earth metals and the like.
- a mixture of an electron injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function than this for example, a magnesium / silver mixture, Magnesium / aluminum mixtures, magnesium / indium mixtures, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixtures, lithium / aluminum mixtures, aluminum and the like are preferred.
- the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance as the cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the film thickness is preferably in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 50 nm to 200 nm.
- the emission luminance is improved, which is convenient.
- a transparent or semi-transparent cathode can be produced by producing the conductive transparent material mentioned in the description of the anode on the cathode after producing the metal with a film thickness of 1 nm to 20 nm. By applying this, an element in which both the anode and the cathode are transmissive can be manufactured.
- substrate As a substrate (hereinafter also referred to as a base, a base material, a support substrate, a support, etc.) that can be used in the organic EL device according to the present invention, there is no particular limitation on the type of glass, plastic, etc., and it is transparent. Or opaque. When extracting light from the substrate side, the substrate is preferably transparent. Examples of the transparent substrate preferably used include glass, quartz, and a transparent resin film. A particularly preferable substrate is a resin film capable of giving flexibility to the organic EL element.
- polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene, polypropylene, cellophane, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), Cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate phthalate (TAC) and cellulose nitrate or derivatives thereof, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene vinyl alcohol, syndiotactic polystyrene, polycarbonate, norbornene resin, polymethylpentene, polyether ketone, polyimide , Polyethersulfone (PES), polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone , Polyetherimide, polyetherketoneimide, polyamide, fluororesin, nylon, polymethylmethacrylate, acrylic or polyarylates, cyclone resins such as Arton (trade name, manufactured by JSR) or Appel (trade
- an inorganic film, an organic film or a hybrid film of both may be formed on the surface of the resin film.
- the water vapor permeability (25 ⁇ 0.5 ° C.) measured by a method according to JIS K 7129-1992. , Relative humidity (90 ⁇ 2)% RH) is preferably 0.01 g / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h) or less, and further, oxygen measured by a method according to JIS K 7126-1987.
- a high barrier film having a permeability of 10 ⁇ 3 ml / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h ⁇ MPa) or less and a water vapor permeability of 10 ⁇ 5 g / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h) or less is preferable.
- the material for forming the barrier film may be any material that has a function of suppressing the intrusion of elements that cause deterioration of elements such as moisture and oxygen.
- silicon oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, or the like can be used.
- the method for forming the barrier film is not particularly limited.
- vacuum deposition, sputtering, reactive sputtering, molecular beam epitaxy, cluster ion beam, ion plating, plasma polymerization, atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization A plasma CVD method, a laser CVD method, a thermal CVD method, a coating method, or the like can be used, but an atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization method as described in JP-A-2004-68143 is particularly preferable.
- the opaque substrate examples include metal plates such as aluminum and stainless steel, films, opaque resin substrates, ceramic substrates, and the like.
- the external extraction efficiency at room temperature of light emission of the organic EL device according to the present invention is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 5% or more.
- the external extraction quantum efficiency (%) the number of photons emitted to the outside of the organic EL element / the number of electrons sent to the organic EL element ⁇ 100.
- a hue improvement filter such as a color filter may be used in combination, or a color conversion filter that converts the emission color from the organic EL element into multiple colors using a phosphor may be used in combination.
- the ⁇ max of light emission of the organic EL element is preferably 480 nm or less.
- the sealing member may be disposed so as to cover the display area of the organic EL element, and may be a concave plate shape or a flat plate shape. Further, transparency and electrical insulation are not particularly limited.
- Specific examples include a glass plate, a polymer plate / film, and a metal plate / film.
- the glass plate include soda-lime glass, barium / strontium-containing glass, lead glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, barium borosilicate glass, and quartz.
- the polymer plate include polycarbonate, acrylic, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether sulfide, and polysulfone.
- the metal plate include those made of one or more metals or alloys selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, iron, copper, aluminum, magnesium, nickel, zinc, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, silicon, germanium, and tantalum.
- a polymer film and a metal film can be preferably used because the organic EL element can be thinned.
- the polymer film, measured oxygen permeability by the method based on JIS K 7126-1987 is 1 ⁇ 10 -3 ml / m 2 / 24h or less, as measured by the method based on JIS K 7129-1992 water vapor transmission rate (25 ⁇ 0.5 ° C., relative humidity (90 ⁇ 2)% RH is preferably intended 1 ⁇ 10 -3 g / (m 2 / 24h) or less.
- sealing member For processing the sealing member into a concave shape, sandblasting, chemical etching, or the like is used.
- the adhesive include photocuring and thermosetting adhesives having reactive vinyl groups of acrylic acid oligomers and methacrylic acid oligomers, and moisture curing adhesives such as 2-cyanoacrylates. be able to.
- hot-melt type polyamide, polyester, and polyolefin can be mentioned.
- a cationic curing type ultraviolet curing epoxy resin adhesive can be mentioned.
- an organic EL element may deteriorate by heat processing, what can be adhesively cured from room temperature to 80 ° C. is preferable.
- a desiccant may be dispersed in the adhesive.
- coating of the adhesive agent to a sealing part may use commercially available dispenser, and may print like screen printing.
- an inorganic or organic layer as a sealing film by covering the electrode and the organic layer on the outer side of the electrode facing the substrate with the organic layer interposed therebetween, and in contact with the substrate.
- the material for forming the film may be any material that has a function of suppressing intrusion of elements that cause deterioration of elements such as moisture and oxygen.
- silicon oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, or the like may be used. it can.
- the method for forming these films is not particularly limited.
- vacuum deposition method sputtering method, reactive sputtering method, molecular beam epitaxy method, cluster ion beam method, ion plating method, plasma polymerization method, atmospheric pressure plasma
- a polymerization method a plasma CVD method, a laser CVD method, a thermal CVD method, a coating method, or the like can be used.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, or an inert liquid such as fluorinated hydrocarbon or silicon oil can be injected in the gas phase and liquid phase.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, or an inert liquid such as fluorinated hydrocarbon or silicon oil
- a vacuum is also possible.
- a hygroscopic compound can also be enclosed inside.
- hygroscopic compound examples include metal oxides (for example, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide) and sulfates (for example, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, cobalt sulfate).
- metal oxides for example, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide
- sulfates for example, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, cobalt sulfate.
- metal halides eg calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, cesium fluoride, tantalum fluoride, cerium bromide, magnesium bromide, barium iodide, magnesium iodide etc.
- perchloric acids eg perchloric acid Barium, magnesium perchlorate, etc.
- sulfates, metal halides and perchloric acids are preferably anhydrous salts.
- a protective film or a protective plate may be provided on the outer side of the sealing film on the side facing the substrate with the organic layer interposed therebetween or on the sealing film.
- the mechanical strength is not necessarily high, and thus it is preferable to provide such a protective film and a protective plate.
- the same glass plate, polymer plate / film, metal plate / film, etc. used for the sealing can be used, but the polymer film is light and thin. Is preferably used.
- the organic EL element emits light inside a layer having a refractive index higher than that of air (refractive index is about 1.7 to 2.1) and can extract only about 15% to 20% of the light generated in the light emitting layer. It is generally said. This is because the light incident on the interface (interface between the transparent substrate and air) at an angle ⁇ greater than the critical angle causes total reflection and cannot be taken out of the element, or between the transparent electrode or the light emitting layer and the transparent substrate. This is because the light is totally reflected between the light and the light is guided through the transparent electrode or the light emitting layer, and as a result, the light escapes in the direction of the element side surface.
- a method of improving the light extraction efficiency for example, a method of forming irregularities on the surface of the transparent substrate and preventing total reflection at the transparent substrate and the air interface (US Pat. No. 4,774,435), A method for improving efficiency by providing light condensing property to a substrate (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-314795), a method of forming a reflective surface on a side surface of an organic EL element (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-220394), a substrate A method of forming an antireflection film by introducing a flat layer having an intermediate refractive index between the substrate and the light emitter (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- a method of introducing a flat layer having a structure Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-202827, a method of forming a diffraction grating between any one of the substrate, the transparent electrode layer and the light emitting layer (including between the substrate and the outside world) No. 283751) That.
- these methods can be used in combination with the organic EL device according to the present invention.
- a method of introducing a flat layer having a lower refractive index than the substrate between the substrate and the light emitter, or a substrate A method of forming a diffraction grating between any layers of the transparent electrode layer and the light emitting layer (including between the substrate and the outside) can be suitably used.
- the low refractive index layer examples include aerogel, porous silica, magnesium fluoride, and a fluorine-based polymer. Since the refractive index of the transparent substrate is generally about 1.5 to 1.7, the low refractive index layer preferably has a refractive index of about 1.5 or less, more preferably 1.35 or less. preferable.
- the thickness of the low refractive index medium is preferably at least twice the wavelength in the medium. This is because the effect of the low refractive index layer is diminished when the thickness of the low refractive index medium is about the wavelength of light and the electromagnetic wave that has exuded by evanescent enters the substrate.
- the method of introducing a diffraction grating into an interface or any medium that causes total reflection is characterized by a high effect of improving light extraction efficiency.
- This method uses the property that the diffraction grating can change the direction of light to a specific direction different from refraction by so-called Bragg diffraction such as first-order diffraction and second-order diffraction.
- Light that cannot be emitted due to total internal reflection between layers is diffracted by introducing a diffraction grating in any layer or medium (in a transparent substrate or transparent electrode), and the light is removed. I want to take it out.
- the diffraction grating to be introduced has a two-dimensional periodic refractive index. This is because light emitted from the light-emitting layer is randomly generated in all directions, so in a general one-dimensional diffraction grating having a periodic refractive index distribution only in a certain direction, only light traveling in a specific direction is diffracted. Therefore, the light extraction efficiency does not increase so much.
- the refractive index distribution a two-dimensional distribution
- the light traveling in all directions is diffracted, and the light extraction efficiency is increased.
- the position where the diffraction grating is introduced may be in any of the layers or in the medium (in the transparent substrate or the transparent electrode), but is preferably in the vicinity of the organic light emitting layer where light is generated.
- the period of the diffraction grating is preferably about 1/2 to 3 times the wavelength of light in the medium.
- the arrangement of the diffraction grating is preferably two-dimensionally repeated such as a square lattice, a triangular lattice, or a honeycomb lattice.
- the organic EL device according to the present invention is processed to provide, for example, a microlens array-like structure on the light extraction side of the substrate, or combined with a so-called condensing sheet, so that the organic EL device is directed to a specific direction, for example, the device light emitting surface By condensing in the front direction, the luminance in a specific direction can be increased.
- quadrangular pyramids having a side of 30 ⁇ m and an apex angle of 90 degrees are arranged two-dimensionally on the light extraction side of the substrate.
- One side is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the condensing sheet it is possible to use, for example, a sheet that has been put to practical use in an LED backlight of a liquid crystal display device.
- a brightness enhancement film (BEF) manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited can be used.
- the base material may be formed by forming a ⁇ -shaped stripe having a vertex angle of 90 degrees and a pitch of 50 ⁇ m, or the vertex angle is rounded and the pitch is changed randomly. Other shapes may be used.
- a light diffusion plate / film may be used in combination with the light collecting sheet.
- a diffusion film (light-up) manufactured by Kimoto Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the organic EL element of the present invention can be used as a display device, a display, and various light emission sources.
- lighting devices home lighting, interior lighting
- clock and liquid crystal backlights billboard advertisements, traffic lights, light sources of optical storage media, light sources of electrophotographic copying machines, light sources of optical communication processors, light
- the light source of a sensor etc. are mentioned, It is not limited to this, Especially, it can use effectively for the use as a backlight of a liquid crystal display device, and a light source for illumination.
- patterning may be performed by a metal mask, an ink jet printing method, or the like during film formation, if necessary.
- patterning only the electrode may be patterned, the electrode and the light emitting layer may be patterned, or the entire layer of the element may be patterned.
- a conventionally known method is used. Can do.
- the light emission color of the organic EL device of the present invention and the compound according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 4.16 on page 108 of “New Color Science Handbook” (edited by the Japan Color Society, University of Tokyo Press, 1985). It is determined by the color when the result measured with a total CS-1000 (manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing) is applied to the CIE chromaticity coordinates.
- the display device of the present invention comprises the organic EL element of the present invention.
- the configuration of the organic EL element included in the display device is selected from the above-described configuration examples of the organic EL element as necessary.
- the manufacturing method of an organic EL element is as having shown in the one aspect
- a DC voltage When a DC voltage is applied to the obtained display device, light emission can be observed by applying a voltage of about 2 V to 40 V with the positive polarity of the anode and the negative polarity of the cathode. Further, even when a voltage is applied with the opposite polarity, no current flows and no light emission occurs. Further, when an AC voltage is applied, light is emitted only when the anode is in the + state and the cathode is in the-state.
- the alternating current waveform to be applied may be arbitrary.
- the display device can be used as a display device, a display, and various light emission sources.
- Display devices and displays include televisions, personal computers, mobile devices, AV devices, teletext displays, information displays in automobiles, and the like. In particular, it may be used as a display device for reproducing still images and moving images, and the driving method when used as a display device for reproducing moving images may be either a simple matrix (passive matrix) method or an active matrix method.
- Light sources include home lighting, interior lighting, clock and liquid crystal backlights, billboard advertisements, traffic lights, light sources for optical storage media, light sources for electrophotographic copying machines, light sources for optical communication processors, light sources for optical sensors, etc.
- the present invention is not limited to these examples.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a display device composed of organic EL elements. It is a schematic diagram of a display such as a mobile phone that displays image information by light emission of an organic EL element.
- the display 1 includes a display unit A having a plurality of pixels, a control unit B that performs image scanning of the display unit A based on image information, and the like.
- the control unit B is electrically connected to the display unit A, and sends a scanning signal and an image data signal to each of a plurality of pixels based on image information from the outside, and the pixels for each scanning line respond to the image data signal by the scanning signal.
- the image information is sequentially emitted to scan the image and display the image information on the display unit A.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the display unit A.
- the display unit A has a wiring unit including a plurality of scanning lines 5 and data lines 6 and a plurality of pixels 3 on the substrate.
- the main members of the display unit A will be described below.
- the light emitted from the pixel 3 is extracted in the direction of the white arrow (downward).
- the scanning line 5 and the plurality of data lines 6 in the wiring portion are each made of a conductive material, and the scanning lines 5 and the data lines 6 are orthogonal to each other in a grid pattern and are connected to the pixels 3 at the orthogonal positions (details are illustrated). Not)
- the pixel 3 When the scanning signal is applied from the scanning line 5, the pixel 3 receives the image data signal from the data line 6 and emits light according to the received image data.
- a full color display can be achieved by appropriately arranging pixels in the red region, the green region, and the blue region on the same substrate.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pixel.
- the pixel includes an organic EL element 10, a switching transistor 11, a driving transistor 12, a capacitor 13, and the like.
- a full color display can be performed by using red, green, and blue light emitting organic EL elements as the organic EL elements 10 in a plurality of pixels, and juxtaposing them on the same substrate.
- an image data signal is applied from the control unit B to the drain of the switching transistor 11 via the data line 6.
- a scanning signal is applied from the control unit B to the gate of the switching transistor 11 via the scanning line 5
- the driving of the switching transistor 11 is turned on, and the image data signal applied to the drain is supplied to the capacitor 13 and the driving transistor 12. Is transmitted to the gate.
- the capacitor 13 is charged according to the potential of the image data signal, and the drive transistor 12 is turned on.
- the drive transistor 12 has a drain connected to the power supply line 7 and a source connected to the electrode of the organic EL element 10, and the power supply line 7 connects to the organic EL element 10 according to the potential of the image data signal applied to the gate. Current is supplied.
- the driving of the switching transistor 11 is turned off. However, even if the driving of the switching transistor 11 is turned off, the capacitor 13 maintains the potential of the charged image data signal, so that the driving of the driving transistor 12 is kept on and the next scanning signal is applied. Until then, the light emission of the organic EL element 10 continues.
- the driving transistor 12 is driven according to the potential of the next image data signal synchronized with the scanning signal, and the organic EL element 10 emits light.
- the light emission of the organic EL element 10 is performed by providing the switching transistor 11 and the drive transistor 12 which are active elements with respect to the organic EL element 10 of each of the plurality of pixels. It is carried out.
- Such a light emitting method is called an active matrix method.
- the light emission of the organic EL element 10 may be light emission of a plurality of gradations by a multi-value image data signal having a plurality of gradation potentials, or by turning on / off a predetermined light emission amount by a binary image data signal. Good.
- the potential of the capacitor 13 may be held continuously until the next scanning signal is applied, or may be discharged immediately before the next scanning signal is applied.
- the present invention not only the active matrix method described above, but also a passive matrix light emission drive in which an organic EL element emits light according to a data signal only when a scanning signal is scanned.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a passive matrix display device.
- a plurality of scanning lines 5 and a plurality of image data lines 6 are provided in a lattice shape so as to face each other with the pixel 3 interposed therebetween.
- the pixel 3 connected to the applied scanning line 5 emits light according to the image data signal.
- the lighting device of the present invention will be described.
- the illuminating device of this invention has the said organic EL element.
- the organic EL element of the present invention may be used as an organic EL element having a resonator structure.
- the purpose of use of the organic EL element having such a resonator structure is as follows.
- the light source of a machine, the light source of an optical communication processing machine, the light source of a photosensor, etc. are mentioned, However, It is not limited to these. Moreover, you may use for the said use by making a laser oscillation.
- the organic EL element of the present invention may be used as a kind of lamp for illumination or exposure light source, a projection device for projecting an image, or a display for directly viewing a still image or a moving image. It may be used as a device (display).
- the drive method when used as a display device for moving image reproduction may be either a simple matrix (passive matrix) method or an active matrix method.
- a full-color display device can be manufactured by using two or more organic EL elements of the present invention having different emission colors.
- the organic EL material of the present invention can be applied to an organic EL element that emits substantially white light as a lighting device.
- a plurality of light emitting colors are simultaneously emitted by a plurality of light emitting materials to obtain white light emission by color mixing.
- the combination of a plurality of emission colors may include three emission maximum wavelengths of the three primary colors of blue, green, and blue, or two of the complementary colors such as blue and yellow, blue green and orange, etc. The thing containing the light emission maximum wavelength may be used.
- a combination of light emitting materials for obtaining a plurality of emission colors is a combination of a plurality of phosphorescent or fluorescent materials, a light emitting material that emits fluorescence or phosphorescence, and light from the light emitting material as excitation light. Any of those combined with a dye material that emits light may be used, but in the white light-emitting organic EL device according to the present invention, it is only necessary to mix a plurality of light-emitting dopants.
- an electrode film can be formed by a vapor deposition method, a cast method, a spin coating method, an ink jet method, a printing method, or the like, and productivity is also improved.
- the elements themselves are luminescent white.
- luminescent material used for a light emitting layer For example, if it is a backlight in a liquid crystal display element, the metal complex which concerns on this invention so that it may suit the wavelength range corresponding to CF (color filter) characteristic, Any one of known luminescent materials may be selected and combined to whiten.
- CF color filter
- the non-light emitting surface of the organic EL device of the present invention is covered with a glass case, a glass substrate having a thickness of 300 ⁇ m is used as a sealing substrate, and an epoxy-based photocurable adhesive (LUX TRACK manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) is used as a sealing material.
- LC0629B is applied, and this is overlaid on the cathode and brought into close contact with the transparent support substrate, irradiated with UV light from the glass substrate side, cured and sealed, and an illumination device as shown in FIGS. Can be formed.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a lighting device, and the organic EL element 101 of the present invention is covered with a glass cover 102 (in the sealing operation with the glass cover, the organic EL element 101 is brought into contact with the atmosphere. And a glove box under a nitrogen atmosphere (in an atmosphere of high-purity nitrogen gas with a purity of 99.999% or more).
- FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the lighting device.
- 105 denotes a cathode
- 106 denotes an organic EL layer
- 107 denotes a glass substrate with a transparent electrode.
- the glass cover 102 is filled with nitrogen gas 108 and a water catching agent 109 is provided.
- Example 1 Production of Organic EL Element 1 >> After patterning on a 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 1.1 mm glass substrate made of ITO (indium tin oxide) 100 nm as an anode, the substrate provided with this ITO transparent electrode was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropyl alcohol, Drying was performed with dry nitrogen gas, and UV ozone cleaning was performed for 5 minutes.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- the substrate was transferred to a nitrogen atmosphere, and a solution of 20 mg of compound 4-16 dissolved in 4 ml of toluene was formed by spin coating at 1500 rpm for 30 seconds, and then dried at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes. Next, a UV lamp with an output of 35 mW / cm 2 was irradiated for 30 seconds to be polymerized and crosslinked to form a 20 nm-thick hole transport layer.
- a light emitting layer composition having the following composition was formed by spin coating at 1500 rpm for 30 seconds, and then dried at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a light emitting layer having a thickness of 50 nm.
- Light emitting layer composition HA 22.4 parts by mass Ir-A 2.5 parts by mass Ir-1 0.05 parts by mass Ir-14 0.05 parts by mass Toluene 2000 parts by mass
- a vacuum deposition apparatus without exposing the substrate to the atmosphere Attached to.
- a resistance heating boat made of molybdenum and containing ET-A and CsF was attached to a vacuum deposition apparatus, and the vacuum chamber was depressurized to 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa.
- A was co-deposited on the light emitting layer at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / sec and CsF at 0.03 nm / sec to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm.
- 110 nm of aluminum was deposited to form a cathode, and an organic EL element 101 was produced.
- the non-light emitting surface of the organic EL element 101 is covered with the glass cover 102 in a glove box under a nitrogen atmosphere (in an atmosphere of high purity nitrogen gas having a purity of 99.999% or more) without bringing the organic EL element 101 into contact with the air. Covering, the organic EL element 1 was produced.
- the glass cover 102 is filled with nitrogen gas 108 and a water catching agent 109 is provided.
- Organic EL elements 2 to 8 were prepared in the same manner as in the preparation of the organic EL element 1, except that the light emitting layer composition was changed as shown in Table 1.
- Table 1 shows the light-emitting dopants used in the production of the organic EL elements 1 to 8, the amount of the light-emitting dopant used (described in parts by mass), and the amount of toluene used (described in parts by mass).
- x1, y1, x2, and y2 are chromaticities x and y in the CIE 1931 color system.
- ⁇ E2 (Konica Minolta Sensing Co., Ltd.), and the chromaticity difference ⁇ E2 was determined from the following formula 2.
- x3, y3, x4, and y4 are chromaticities x and y in the CIE 1931 color system.
- the organic EL elements 1 to 7 of the present invention having three or more emission maxima in the wavelength range of 420 nm to 650 nm and having the emission minima in the range of 480 nm to 510 nm have the color tone and color rendering as white. It is understood that the chromaticity variation is excellent when the driving current is changed and the chromaticity stability during continuous driving is excellent, and it can be preferably used as illumination.
- the comparative organic EL element 8 having no emission minimum of 480 nm to 510 nm was insufficient in color rendering, chromaticity stability when the driving current was varied, and chromaticity stability during continuous driving.
- the organic EL elements 5 to 7 of the present invention has an emission spectrum having four or more emission maximum wavelengths and a difference between adjacent emission maximums of 30 nm to 70 nm. It has been found that it has performance useful as lighting.
- the light emission intensity at a wavelength where the light emission spectra of two light emitting materials adjacent to each other with the light emission maximum overlap is 30 or more when each light emission maximum intensity is 100.
- 2, 5, 6, and 7 show that white light-emitting organic electroluminescence elements having excellent color difference and color rendering properties are obtained as compared with organic EL elements 3 and 4 that are not.
- the organic EL elements 5 to 7 of the present invention having ⁇ max ⁇ 40 nm are white light-emitting organic electroluminescence elements that are further excellent in color rendering as compared with other elements.
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Abstract
Description
構成層として発光層を有し、該発光層の少なくとも1つの層が、発光色の異なる複数の発光材料を含有し、発光スペクトルが420nm~650nmの波長範囲に少なくとも3つの発光極大と、480nm~510nmの波長範囲に発光極小を有し、且つ、該発光極大における隣り合う発光極大の差が30nm~70nmであることを特徴とする白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
9.555nm~650nmの範囲に発光極大を有する発光材料を2種以上含有することを特徴とする前記1~8のいずれか1項に記載の白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
本発明の白色発光有機EL素子に係る発光層について説明する。ここでは、発光層の分光特性(発光スペクトル、発光極大等)や、発光層の作製方法(素子全体の製造方法についても併せて説明する)等を中心に説明する。
構成層として少なくとも1つの発光層を有し、該発光層が発光色の異なる複数の発光材料を含有し、発光スペクトルが420nm~650nmの波長範囲に少なくとも3つの発光極大と、480nm~510nmの波長範囲に発光極小を有し、且つ、前記発光層がウェットプロセスにより形成されることにより、本願発明に記載の効果、即ち、対駆動電流色度安定性、連続駆動時の色度安定性ならびに演色性に優れた白色発光有機EL素子を提供できることを見出した。
本発明に係る発光層の発光スペクトル、該発光スペクトルの発光極大、発光層に含有される発光材料の好ましい態様について説明する。
本発明の白色発光有機EL素子の製造方法について説明する。尚、本発明の白色発光有機EL素子の層構成(構成層ともいう)の詳細は後に詳細に説明する。
本発明に係る塗布液の調製に用いられる塗布溶剤(単に溶媒、溶剤等ともいう)としては、例えば、塩化メチレン(40℃)、メチルエチルケトン(79.6℃)、テトラヒドロフラン(66℃)、シクロヘキサノン(155.65℃)等のケトン類、酢酸エチル(77.111℃)等の脂肪酸エステル類、ジクロロベンゼン(m体:173.0℃、o体:180.4℃、p体:174.1℃)等のハロゲン化炭化水素類、トルエン(110.6℃)、キシレン(o体:144.4℃、m体:139.1℃、p体:138.3℃)、メシチレン(164.7℃)、シクロヘキシルベンゼン(238.9℃)等の芳香族炭化水素類、シクロヘキサン(80.77℃)、デカリン(cis体:195.7℃、trans体:187.2℃)、ドデカン(210.3℃)等の脂肪族炭化水素類、DMF(153℃)、DMSO(208℃)等の有機溶媒を用いることができる。
本発明の有機EL素子の製造の一態様(一例)として、陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極からなる有機EL素子の製造方法を説明する。
次に、本発明に係る有機EL素子の層構成の好ましい具体例を以下に示すが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。
(ii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iii)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極
(iv)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
(v)陽極/陽極バッファー層/正孔輸送層/発光層/正孔阻止層/電子輸送層/陰極バッファー層/陰極
《発光層》
ここでは、本発明に係る発光層に含有される発光材料(例えば、ホスト化合物、発光ドーパント等)を中心に説明する。
本発明に係る発光材料(発光ドーパント化合物ともいう)について説明する。
本発明に係るリン光発光材料(リン光発光性ドーパントともいう)について説明する。
本発明に係る一般式(A)~(C)から選ばれる少なくとも1つの部分構造について説明する。
本発明に用いられる蛍光発光材料(蛍光性化合物)としては、クマリン系色素、ピラン系色素、シアニン系色素、クロコニウム系色素、スクアリウム系色素、オキソベンツアントラセン系色素、フルオレセイン系色素、ローダミン系色素、ピリリウム系色素、ペリレン系色素、スチルベン系色素、ポリチオフェン系色素、または希土類錯体系蛍光体等が挙げられる。
本発明に用いられるホスト化合物について説明する。
注入層は必要に応じて設け、電子注入層と正孔注入層があり、上記の如く陽極と発光層または正孔輸送層の間、及び陰極と発光層または電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。
阻止層は、上記の如く有機化合物薄膜の基本構成層の他に必要に応じて設けられるものである。例えば、特開平11-204258号公報、同11-204359号公報、及び「有機EL素子とその工業化最前線(1998年11月30日エヌ・ティー・エス社発行)」の237頁等に記載されている正孔阻止(ホールブロック)層がある。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、広い意味で正孔注入層、電子阻止層も正孔輸送層に含まれる。正孔輸送層は単層または複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、広い意味で電子注入層、正孔阻止層も電子輸送層に含まれる。電子輸送層は単層または複数層設けることができる。
本発明では、重合架橋性の有機EL素子材料として、塗布後に重合架橋させることのできる反応性基をもつ有機化合物(反応性有機化合物ともいう)を用いることもできる。重合架橋性の有機EL素子材料(反応性有機EL素子材料)を用いる層としては特に制限はなく、各層に用いることができる。
Calorimetry:示差走査熱量法)を用いて、JIS-K-7121に準拠した方法により求められる値である。
本発明に用いられる重合架橋性の有機EL素子材料の重合架橋方法としては、種々のエネルギー線が用いられる。ここで、エネルギー線としては、X線、中性子線、電子線、紫外線等があるが、好ましくは、紫外線、電子線である。
有機EL素子における陽極としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが好ましく用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、Au等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3-ZnO)等非晶質で透明導電膜を作製可能な材料を用いてもよい。
陰極としては仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。
本発明に係る有機EL素子に用いることのできる基板(以下、基体、基材、支持基板、支持体等とも言う)としては、ガラス、プラスチック等の種類には特に限定はなく、また透明であっても不透明であってもよい。基板側から光を取り出す場合には、基板は透明であることが好ましい。好ましく用いられる透明な基板としては、ガラス、石英、透明樹脂フィルムを挙げることができる。特に好ましい基板は、有機EL素子にフレキシブル性を与えることが可能な樹脂フィルムである。
本発明に用いられる有機EL素子の封止手段としては、例えば、封止部材と電極、支持基板とを接着剤で接着する方法を挙げることができる。
有機層を挟み基板と対向する側の前記封止膜、あるいは前記封止用フィルムの外側に、素子の機械的強度を高めるために保護膜、あるいは保護板を設けてもよい。特に封止が前記封止膜により行われている場合には、その機械的強度は必ずしも高くないため、このような保護膜、保護板を設けることが好ましい。これに使用することができる材料としては、前記封止に用いたのと同様なガラス板、ポリマー板・フィルム、金属板・フィルム等を用いることができるが、軽量かつ薄膜化ということからポリマーフィルムを用いることが好ましい。
有機EL素子は空気よりも屈折率の高い(屈折率が1.7~2.1程度)層の内部で発光し、発光層で発生した光のうち15%から20%程度の光しか取り出せないことが一般的に言われている。これは、臨界角以上の角度θで界面(透明基板と空気との界面)に入射する光は、全反射を起こし素子外部に取り出すことができないことや、透明電極ないし発光層と透明基板との間で光が全反射を起こし、光が透明電極ないし発光層を導波し、結果として光が素子側面方向に逃げるためである。
本発明に係る有機EL素子は基板の光取り出し側に、例えば、マイクロレンズアレイ状の構造を設けるように加工し、あるいは所謂集光シートと組み合わせることにより、特定方向、例えば、素子発光面に対し正面方向に集光することにより、特定方向上の輝度を高めることができる。
本発明の有機EL素子は、表示デバイス、ディスプレイ、各種発光光源として用いることができる。発光光源として、例えば、照明装置(家庭用照明、車内照明)、時計や液晶用バックライト、看板広告、信号機、光記憶媒体の光源、電子写真複写機の光源、光通信処理機の光源、光センサーの光源等が挙げられるがこれに限定するものではないが、特に液晶表示装置のバックライト、照明用光源としての用途に有効に用いることができる。
本発明の表示装置について説明する。本発明の表示装置は、本発明の有機EL素子を具備したものである。
本発明の照明装置について説明する。本発明の照明装置は上記有機EL素子を有する。
本発明の有機EL素子を具備した、本発明の照明装置の一態様について説明する。
《有機EL素子1の作製》
陽極として100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス基板上にITO(インジウムチンオキシド)を100nm製膜した基板にパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けた基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行なった。
H-A 22.4質量部
Ir-A 2.5質量部
Ir-1 0.05質量部
Ir-14 0.05質量部
トルエン 2000質量部
続いて、基板を大気に曝露することなく真空蒸着装置へ取り付けた。また、モリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにET-AとCsFをそれぞれ入れたものを真空蒸着装置に取り付け、真空槽を4×10-4Paまで減圧した後、前記ボートに通電して加熱してET-Aを蒸着速度0.2nm/秒、CsFを0.03nm/秒で前記発光層上に共蒸着して、膜厚20nmの電子輸送層を形成した。引き続き、アルミニウム110nmを蒸着して陰極を形成し、有機EL素子101を作製した。
有機EL素子1の作製において、発光層組成物を表1に記載のように変更した以外は同様にして、有機EL素子2~8を作製した。
得られた有機EL素子1~8の各々について、分光放射輝度計CS-1000(コニカミノルタセンシング社製)を用いて、正面輝度1000cd/m2における発光スペクトルを計測した。
A: 2500K>T 照明として用いるには赤みが強すぎる
B: 3200K>T≧2500K 電球色
C: 4600K>T≧3200K 白色
D: 5500K>T≧4600K 昼白色
E: 7000K>T≧5500K 昼光色
F: T≧7000K 照明として用いるには青みが強すぎる
(色差(Δuv))
○:Δuv≦±0.02:黒体軌跡に近接
×:Δuv>±0.02:黒体軌跡から離れるため相関色温度表示不可
(演色性(Ra))
◎: Ra≧80優れた演色性である
○: 80>Ra≧70実用上十分な演色性である
△: 70>Ra≧60演色性はやや劣る
×: 60>Ra演色性は劣悪で実用に堪えない
(駆動電流変動時の色度安定性の評価)
分光放射輝度計CS-1000(コニカミノルタセンシング社製)を用いて、各有機EL素子に1mA/cm2の電流密度を与えたときの色度x1、y1と、5mA/cm2の電流密度を与えたときの色度x2、y2を測定し、その色度差ΔE1を下記式1より求めた。
ΔE1={(x1-x2)2+(y1-y2)2}0.5
尚、表2には得られた計算結果を下記のようにランク分けして示した。
△: 0.03≧ΔE1>0.01 色度の変動が少なく好ましい
×: ΔE1>0.03 色度が変動している
(駆動経時での色度安定性の評価)
正面輝度4000cd/m2を初期輝度として連続駆動させたときの輝度変動を追跡し、t=0における色度x3、y3と、輝度半減時の色度x4、y4を分光放射輝度計CS-1000(コニカミノルタセンシング社製)により測定し、その色度差ΔE2を下記式2より求めた。尚下記式2においてx3、y3、x4、y4は、CIE1931表色系における色度x、yである。
ΔE2={(x3-x4)2+(y3-y4)2}0.5
尚、表2には得られた計算結果を下記のようにランク分けして示した。
△: 0.10≧ΔE2>0.05 色度の変動が少なく好ましい
×: ΔE2>0.10 色度が変動している
3 画素
5 走査線
6 データ線
7 電源ライン
10 有機EL素子
11 スイッチングトランジスタ
12 駆動トランジスタ
13 コンデンサ
A 表示部
B 制御部
101 有機EL素子
102 ガラスカバー
105 陰極
106 有機EL層
107 透明電極付きガラス基板
108 窒素ガス
109 捕水剤
Claims (16)
- 陽極側電極、陰極側電極に挟まれた少なくとも1層の有機層を有する白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子において、
構成層として発光層を有し、該発光層の少なくとも1つの層が、発光色の異なる複数の発光材料を含有し、発光スペクトルが420nm~650nmの波長範囲に少なくとも3つの発光極大と、480nm~510nmの波長範囲に発光極小を有し、且つ、該発光極大における隣り合う発光極大の差が30nm~70nmであることを特徴とする白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。 - 前記発光極大が、少なくとも420nm~480nm、510nm~610nm及び555nm~650nmの各々の波長範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記発光スペクトルが、420nm~650nmの波長範囲に4つの発光極大を有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記複数の発光材料において、発光極大が隣り合う2つ発光材料の発光スペクトルが重なり合う波長における発光強度は、各々の発光極大強度を100としたときに30以上であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記発光層からの発光が色温度2500K~7000K、Δuv=±0.02の領域にあることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記複数の発光材料の少なくとも1つの発光スペクトルが420nm~480nmに発光極大を有し、且つ、該発光スペクトルが発光極大を2つ有するダブルピークであることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記複数の発光材料が全て燐光発光材料であることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 発光材料として少なくとも下記一般式(A)~(C)から選ばれる少なくとも1つの部分構造を有する化合物を含有することを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
〔式中、Raは水素原子、脂肪族基、芳香族炭化水素基または芳香族複素環基を表し、Rb、Rcは各々水素原子または置換基を表し、A1は芳香族炭化水素環または芳香族複素環を形成するのに必要な残基を表し、MはIrまたはPtを表す。〕
〔式中、Raは水素原子、脂肪族基、芳香族炭化水素基または芳香族複素環基を表し、Rb、Rc、Rb1、Rc1は各々水素原子または置換基を表し、A1は芳香族炭化水素環または芳香族複素環を形成するのに必要な残基を表し、MはIrまたはPtを表す。〕
〔式中、Raは水素原子、脂肪族基、芳香族炭化水素基または芳香族複素環基を表し、Rb、Rcは各々水素原子または置換基を表し、A1は芳香族炭化水素環または芳香族複素環を形成するのに必要な残基を表し、MはIrまたはPtを表す。〕 - 555nm~650nmの範囲に発光極大を有する発光材料を2種以上含有することを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記発光極大において、最長波長の発光極大波長をλmax、該発光極大の強度の1/2の強度を示す長波側の波長をλmax(1/2)としたとき、λmax(1/2)-λmax≧40nmであることを特徴とする請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記発光層における発光材料の総含有量が5質量%~30質量%であることを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記発光層に含有される発光材料において、420nm~480nmに発光極大を有する発光材料の含有量α、555nm~650nmに発光極大を有する発光材料の含有量βのとき、質量比β/α<0.1であることを特徴とする請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記発光層に含有される発光材料において、420nm~480nmに発光極大を有する発光材料の含有量α、555nm~650nmに発光極大を有する発光材料の含有量βのとき、質量比β/α<0.05であることを特徴とする請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記発光層の少なくとも1層が、ウェットプロセスにより形成されたことを特徴とする請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を具備したことを特徴とする照明装置。
- 請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を具備したことを特徴とする表示装置。
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JP2010519046A JP5533652B2 (ja) | 2008-07-01 | 2009-06-26 | 白色発光有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、照明装置及び表示装置 |
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