WO2009130950A1 - ガスエンジン - Google Patents
ガスエンジン Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009130950A1 WO2009130950A1 PCT/JP2009/054138 JP2009054138W WO2009130950A1 WO 2009130950 A1 WO2009130950 A1 WO 2009130950A1 JP 2009054138 W JP2009054138 W JP 2009054138W WO 2009130950 A1 WO2009130950 A1 WO 2009130950A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel gas
- engine
- detecting
- mixture
- temperature
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0027—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures the fuel being gaseous
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
- F02D19/021—Control of components of the fuel supply system
- F02D19/023—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
- F02D35/025—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining temperatures inside the cylinder, e.g. combustion temperatures
- F02D35/026—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining temperatures inside the cylinder, e.g. combustion temperatures using an estimation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
- F02D41/1461—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine
- F02D41/1462—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine with determination means using an estimation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/10—Parameters related to the engine output, e.g. engine torque or engine speed
- F02D2200/1002—Output torque
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/32—Controlling fuel injection of the low pressure type
- F02D41/34—Controlling fuel injection of the low pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/04—Gas-air mixing apparatus
- F02M21/047—Venturi mixer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas engine that appropriately maintains the NOx concentration in exhaust gas.
- a gas engine is known as an engine that supplies a mixture of air and fuel gas to a combustion chamber. Also known is air-fuel ratio control that realizes a reduction in the concentration of NOx in the exhaust gas by controlling the air-fuel ratio of the gas engine to the lean limit.
- the engine disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-038729 includes a lean burn sensor, recognizes the oxygen concentration measured by the lean burn sensor, performs air-fuel ratio control, and reduces the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas. It is configured.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and is to provide a gas engine capable of appropriately maintaining the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas regardless of the fuel gas composition.
- the gas engine of the present invention includes a fuel gas supply amount adjusting means for adjusting a fuel gas supply amount, an engine speed detecting means for detecting an engine speed, an engine load detecting means for detecting an engine load, and an appropriate fuel gas. And a control means for adjusting the fuel gas supply amount adjusting means so as to calculate the supply amount and supply the appropriate fuel gas supply amount.
- the control means includes at least the engine speed and the engine. Recognizing the load, the temperature difference of the combustion chamber in the combustion stroke of one combustion cycle is calculated, the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas is calculated based on the temperature difference, and the appropriate fuel gas supply amount is calculated based on the NOx concentration And the fuel gas supply amount adjusting means is adjusted so as to supply the appropriate fuel gas supply amount.
- the gas engine of the present invention comprises a mixture temperature detecting means for detecting the mixture temperature, a mixture pressure detecting means for detecting the mixture pressure, and a throttle opening degree detecting means for detecting the throttle opening degree,
- the control means recognizes at least the engine speed, the engine load, the mixture temperature, the mixture pressure, and the throttle opening, and calculates the temperature difference of the combustion chamber in the combustion stroke of one combustion cycle.
- the fuel gas temperature detecting means for detecting the fuel gas temperature
- the fuel gas pressure detecting means for detecting the fuel gas pressure
- the air mass flow detecting means for detecting the air mass flow
- the fuel gas Fuel gas supply amount detection means for detecting the fuel gas supply amount of the supply amount adjusting means
- the control means includes at least the engine speed, the engine load, the fuel gas temperature, the fuel gas pressure, the air mass flow rate, and the fuel gas. It is preferable to recognize the supply amount and calculate the temperature difference of the combustion chamber in the combustion stroke of one combustion cycle.
- the gas engine according to the present invention comprises a mixture flow rate detecting means for detecting a mixture flow rate, and the control means recognizes at least the engine speed, the engine load, and the mixture flow rate, and burns in one combustion cycle. It is preferable to calculate the temperature difference of the combustion chamber in the stroke.
- the mixture temperature detecting means for detecting the mixture temperature
- the mixture pressure detecting means for detecting the mixture pressure
- the throttle opening detecting means for detecting the throttle opening
- An in-cylinder pressure detecting means for detecting an in-cylinder pressure
- an exhaust gas temperature detecting means for detecting an exhaust gas temperature
- the control means calculates the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas based on the temperature difference.
- it recognizes at least the engine speed, engine load, mixture temperature, mixture pressure, throttle opening, in-cylinder pressure and exhaust gas temperature, and calculates the maximum temperature of the combustion chamber in the combustion stroke of one combustion cycle. It is preferable to calculate the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas based on the maximum temperature.
- the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas can be properly maintained regardless of the fuel gas composition.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating a configuration of a gas engine according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram illustrating a configuration of a gas engine according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram illustrating a configuration of a gas engine according to a fourth embodiment. The flowchart which similarly shows air-fuel ratio control.
- Embodiments 1 to 3 are gas engines 101, 102, and 103 that calculate the NOx concentration based on the temperature difference of the combustion chamber in the combustion stroke of one combustion cycle, and the methods for calculating the NOx concentration are different. It is.
- the fourth embodiment is a gas engine 104 that calculates the NOx concentration based on the maximum temperature of the combustion chamber in the combustion stroke of one combustion cycle.
- the gas engine 101 includes an engine body 10 and an Electronic Control Unit (hereinafter referred to as ECU) 90 as control means.
- ECU Electronic Control Unit
- the engine body 10 includes an air supply path, an exhaust path, and a fuel gas supply path.
- the engine body 10 is a three-cylinder gas engine that uses a gaseous fuel gas such as natural gas, and includes three cylinders including the illustrated cylinder.
- the engine body 10 is an engine mounted on an engine-driven heat pump.
- the air supply path includes an air supply pipe 20 that supplies an air-fuel mixture generated by mixing air taken in from the outside and fuel gas, and a venturi 21 that generates a differential pressure between the fuel gas and air in the fuel gas supply path. And a throttle valve 22 for adjusting the supply amount of the air-fuel mixture.
- the exhaust path includes an exhaust pipe 30 in the exhaust gas for the exhaust gas generated when the air-fuel mixture burns in a combustion chamber 15 described later.
- the fuel gas supply path includes a fuel gas supply pipe 40 that supplies fuel gas to the air supply path, and a fuel gas supply that adjusts the amount of fuel gas that passes through the fuel gas supply pipe 40, that is, the amount of fuel gas contained in the mixture. And a fuel gas supply amount adjusting valve 45 as an amount adjusting means.
- the engine body includes a combustion chamber 15 that is a space for burning an air-fuel mixture, an air supply valve 12 that opens and closes the air supply pipe 20 and the combustion chamber 15 by performing an opening / closing operation in the cylinder head 11, and a combustion chamber
- a spark plug 14 that generates sparks for burning the air-fuel mixture supplied to the fuel 15
- a piston 16 that reciprocates in the vertical direction when the air-fuel mixture supplied to the combustion chamber 15 burns and expands
- a crankshaft 17 that rotates by reciprocating motion and an exhaust valve 13 that opens or closes the exhaust pipe 30 and the combustion chamber 15 by performing an opening / closing operation in the cylinder head 11 are provided.
- the ECU 90 is connected to an engine speed sensor 71, an engine torque sensor 72, an air-fuel mixture temperature sensor 73, an air-fuel mixture pressure sensor 74, a throttle opening sensor 75, and a fuel gas supply amount adjustment valve 45, which are sensors described later. Yes.
- An engine speed sensor 71 as an engine speed detecting means is a sensor that is provided in the vicinity of the crankshaft 17 and can measure the engine speed Ne.
- the engine torque sensor 72 as an engine load detecting means is a sensor provided in the vicinity of the crankshaft 17 and capable of measuring the engine torque Tq as the engine load.
- the mixture temperature sensor 73 as the mixture temperature detection means is a sensor provided in the supply pipe 20 and capable of measuring the mixture temperature Tin.
- the mixture pressure sensor 74 as the mixture pressure detection means is a sensor provided in the supply pipe 20 and capable of measuring the mixture pressure Pin.
- a throttle opening sensor 75 as a throttle opening detecting means is a sensor capable of measuring the throttle opening F adjusted by the engine speed Ne.
- the throttle opening detection means may be a throttle position sensor.
- the ECU 90 includes a controller 50 and a storage device 60.
- the controller 50 has a function of calculating the NOx concentration S in the exhaust gas based on the temperature difference ⁇ T of the combustion chamber 15 in the combustion stroke of one combustion cycle. Further, the controller 50 has a function of adjusting the opening of the fuel gas supply amount adjusting valve 45 to perform air-fuel ratio control.
- the controller 50 determines the engine speed Ne by the engine speed sensor 71, the engine torque Tq by the engine torque sensor 72, and the mixture temperature Tin by the mixture temperature sensor 73.
- the air-fuel mixture pressure Pin is read by the pressure sensor 74, and the throttle opening degree F is read by the throttle opening degree sensor 75.
- the controller 50 calculates the volumetric efficiency ⁇ v of the air-fuel mixture from the throttle opening F based on the volumetric efficiency map.
- the volumetric efficiency map is stored in advance in the storage device 60 as a two-dimensional map indicating the correlation between the throttle opening degree F and the volumetric efficiency ⁇ v.
- the controller 50 calculates the air-fuel mixture flow rate Gmixv using (1-1) from the air-fuel mixture temperature Tin, the air-fuel mixture pressure Pin, the volumetric efficiency ⁇ v, the stroke volume Vs, and the engine speed Ne.
- the stroke volume Vs is a stroke volume in which the piston 16 of the engine body 10 moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center.
- the controller 50 calculates the engine output P using (1-2) from the engine speed Ne and the engine torque Tq. If a sensor capable of measuring the discharge pressure (high pressure HP) of the compressor of the engine-driven heat pump is provided, the controller 50 takes into account the engine load by adding the compression efficiency and the mechanical efficiency of the refrigerant to the high pressure HP. The engine output P can also be calculated.
- the controller 50 calculates the temperature difference ⁇ T using (1-5) from the engine output P, the air-fuel mixture density ⁇ mix, and the air-fuel mixture flow rate Gmixv.
- (1-5) is calculated from (1-3) and (1-4).
- the temperature difference ⁇ T is a temperature difference of the combustion chamber 15 in the combustion stroke of one combustion cycle. It has been found that the temperature difference ⁇ T has a correlation with the NOx concentration S described later.
- H represents the in-cylinder input heat amount per unit time
- Qmixm represents the in-cylinder input mixture heat amount per unit time.
- the thermal efficiency ⁇ th is constant regardless of the fuel gas composition.
- the constant volume specific heat Cv and the mixture density ⁇ mix are constant.
- the constant volume specific heat Cv and the mixture density ⁇ mix have a correlation with the mixture temperature Tmix regardless of the fuel gas composition. Therefore, the correlation is stored in the storage device 60 in advance and calculated based on the mixture temperature Tmix. May be.
- the controller 50 calculates calculation coefficients a, b, and c described later from the engine speed Ne and the engine torque Tq using a calculation coefficient map.
- the controller 50 calculates the NOx concentration S using (1-6) from the temperature difference ⁇ T and the calculation coefficients a, b, and c.
- the controller 50 calculates the target NOx concentration Sm using the target NOx concentration map from the engine speed Ne and the engine torque Tq.
- the target NOx concentration map is stored in advance in the storage device 60 as a three-dimensional map indicating the correlation among the engine speed Ne, the engine torque Tq, and the target NOx concentration Sm.
- the controller 50 calculates a NOx concentration deviation ⁇ S which is a deviation between the target NOx concentration Sm and the NOx concentration S.
- the controller 50 adjusts the opening degree of the fuel gas supply amount adjustment valve 45 based on the NOx concentration deviation ⁇ S.
- the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas can be properly maintained regardless of the fuel gas composition. Further, it is possible to calculate an inexpensive and durable NOx concentration as compared with the case of using the NOx sensor. Furthermore, the present invention can be applied even when the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas does not correspond to the engine efficiency.
- the engine main body 10 of the gas engine 102 is the same as the engine main body 10 of the first embodiment described above, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- An engine speed sensor 71 as an engine speed detecting means is a sensor that is provided in the vicinity of the crankshaft 17 and can measure the engine speed Ne.
- the engine torque sensor 72 as an engine load detecting means is a sensor provided in the vicinity of the crankshaft 17 and capable of measuring the engine torque Tq as the engine load.
- a fuel gas temperature sensor 76 as a fuel gas temperature detecting means is a sensor that is provided in the fuel gas supply pipe 40 and can measure the fuel gas temperature Tg.
- a fuel gas pressure sensor 77 as a fuel gas pressure detecting means is a sensor provided in the fuel gas supply pipe 40 and capable of measuring the fuel gas pressure Pg.
- the air mass flow rate sensor 78 as the air mass flow rate detecting means is a sensor that is provided in the upstream air supply pipe 20 where the fuel gas supply pipe 40 joins and can measure the air mass flow rate Gin.
- the ECU 90 includes a controller 50 and a storage device 60.
- the controller 50 has a function of calculating the NOx concentration S in the exhaust gas based on the temperature difference ⁇ T of the combustion chamber 15 in the combustion stroke of one combustion cycle. Further, the controller 50 has a function of adjusting the opening of the fuel gas supply amount adjusting valve 45 to perform air-fuel ratio control.
- the controller 50 determines the engine speed Ne by the engine speed sensor 71, the engine torque Tq by the engine torque sensor 72, the fuel gas temperature Tg by the fuel gas temperature sensor 76, and the fuel gas.
- the fuel gas pressure Pg is read by the pressure sensor 77, and the air mass flow rate Gin is read by the air mass flow rate sensor 78. Further, the controller 50 reads the opening degree Fg of the fuel gas supply amount adjusting valve 45.
- the controller 50 calculates the fuel gas flow rate Gg based on the fuel gas flow rate map from the air mass flow rate Gin and the opening degree Fg.
- the fuel gas flow rate map is stored in advance in the storage device 60 as a three-dimensional map indicating the correlation among the air mass flow rate Gin, the opening degree Fg, and the fuel gas flow rate Gg.
- the controller 50 uses the fuel gas temperature Tg and the fuel gas pressure Pg to convert the fuel gas flow rate Gg to a fuel gas flow rate (standard) Ggstd that is the fuel gas flow rate in the standard state. .
- the controller 50 calculates the air-fuel mixture flow rate Gmixv using (2-2) from the air mass flow rate Gin, the air density ⁇ in which is the air density, and the fuel gas flow rate (standard) Ggstd. That is, in the first embodiment, the mixture flow rate Gmixv is calculated from the mixture temperature Tin and the mixture pressure Pin, whereas in this embodiment, the mixture flow rate Gmixv is calculated from the fuel gas temperature Tg, the fuel gas pressure Pg, It differs in that it is calculated from the air mass flow rate Gin.
- the controller 50 adjusts the opening degree of the fuel gas supply amount adjustment valve 45 based on the NOx concentration deviation ⁇ S.
- the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas can be properly maintained regardless of the fuel gas composition. Further, it is possible to realize the NOx concentration calculating means 52 which is inexpensive and durable as compared with the case where the NOx sensor is used. Furthermore, the present invention can be applied even when the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas does not correspond to the engine efficiency. Furthermore, the NOx concentration can be calculated with higher accuracy than the NOx concentration calculating method of the first embodiment.
- the engine main body 10 of the gas engine 103 is the same as the engine main body 10 of the first embodiment described above, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- An engine speed sensor 71 as an engine speed detecting means is a sensor that is provided in the vicinity of the crankshaft 17 and can measure the engine speed Ne.
- the engine torque sensor 72 as an engine load detecting means is a sensor provided in the vicinity of the crankshaft 17 and capable of measuring the engine torque Tq as the engine load.
- the mixture flow rate sensor 79 as the mixture flow rate detection means is a sensor provided in the supply pipe 20 on the downstream side of the throttle valve 22 and capable of measuring the mixture flow rate Gmixv.
- the ECU 90 includes a controller 50 and a storage device 60.
- the controller 50 has a function of calculating the NOx concentration S in the exhaust gas based on the temperature difference ⁇ T of the combustion chamber 15 in the combustion stroke of one combustion cycle. Further, the controller 50 has a function of adjusting the opening degree of the fuel gas supply amount adjusting valve 45 to perform air-fuel ratio control.
- the controller 50 reads the engine speed Ne by the engine speed sensor 71, the engine torque Tq by the engine torque sensor 72, and the mixture flow rate Gmixv by the mixture flow rate sensor 79.
- the mixture gas flow rate Gmixv is calculated from the fuel gas temperature Tg, the fuel gas pressure Pg, and the like, whereas in this embodiment, the mixture gas flow rate Gmixv is detected directly from the mixture gas flow rate sensor 79. Is different.
- the controller 50 adjusts the opening degree of the fuel gas supply amount adjustment valve 45 based on the NOx concentration deviation ⁇ S.
- the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas can be properly maintained regardless of the fuel gas composition. Further, it is possible to realize an inexpensive and durable NOx concentration calculating means as compared with the case of using the NOx sensor. Furthermore, the present invention can be applied even when the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas does not correspond to the engine efficiency. Furthermore, the NOx concentration can be calculated with higher accuracy than the NOx concentration calculation methods of the first and second embodiments.
- the engine main body 10 of the gas engine 104 is the same as the engine main body 10 of the first embodiment described above, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- An engine speed sensor 81 as an engine speed detecting means is a sensor that is provided in the vicinity of the crankshaft 17 and can measure the engine speed Ne.
- the engine speed sensor 81 is a sensor capable of measuring a pulse signal for each predetermined angle of a gear rotating synchronously with the crankshaft 17 and measuring the crank angle ⁇ at the engine speed Ne.
- the engine torque sensor 72 as an engine load detecting means is a sensor provided in the vicinity of the crankshaft 17 and capable of measuring the engine torque Tq as the engine load.
- the mixture temperature sensor 73 as the mixture temperature detection means is a sensor provided in the supply pipe 20 and capable of measuring the mixture temperature Tin.
- the mixture pressure sensor 74 as the mixture pressure detection means is a sensor provided in the supply pipe 20 and capable of measuring the mixture pressure Pin.
- a throttle opening sensor 75 as a throttle opening detecting means is a sensor capable of measuring the throttle opening F adjusted by the engine speed Ne.
- the in-cylinder pressure sensor 82 as the in-cylinder pressure detecting means is a sensor capable of measuring the in-cylinder average pressure Pcyl ( ⁇ ) in the combustion chamber 15 for each crank angle ⁇ as the in-cylinder pressure in the cylinder.
- An exhaust gas temperature sensor 83 as an exhaust gas temperature detection means is a sensor provided in the exhaust pipe 30 and capable of measuring a residual gas temperature TR as an exhaust gas temperature.
- the ECU 90 includes a controller 50 and a storage device 60.
- the controller 50 has a function of calculating the NOx concentration S based on the in-cylinder gas maximum temperature Tcylmax in the combustion chamber 15 in the combustion stroke of one combustion cycle. Further, the controller 50 has a function of adjusting the opening degree of the fuel gas supply amount adjusting valve 45 to perform air-fuel ratio control.
- the controller 50 determines the engine speed Ne and the crank angle ⁇ by the engine speed sensor 81, the engine torque Tq by the engine torque sensor 72, and the mixture temperature Tin by the mixture temperature sensor 73.
- the mixture pressure sensor 74 reads the mixture pressure Pin
- the throttle opening sensor 75 reads the throttle opening F
- the cylinder pressure sensor 82 reads the cylinder average pressure Pcyl ( ⁇ ).
- the controller 50 calculates the in-cylinder gas maximum temperature Tcylmax from the in-cylinder average temperature Tcyl ( ⁇ ).
- the in-cylinder average temperature Tcyl ( ⁇ ) is calculated using (4-1) from the in-cylinder average pressure Pcyl ( ⁇ ) at the crank angle ⁇ , the in-cylinder volume Vcyl ( ⁇ ), and the total number of moles of in-cylinder working gas. Is done.
- the total number of moles mall of the cylinder working gas is calculated by (4-2) by the number of moles of fresh air, which is a component of the air-fuel mixture, and the number of moles of residual gas mR.
- the number of moles of fresh air mir is calculated from the air-fuel mixture flow rate Gmixv using (4-3).
- the number of moles mR of the residual gas is calculated from the gas components of water vapor, oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Further, each gas component has a combustion chamber volume Vc, an in-cylinder pressure Pot at the overlap top, and a residual when the molar ratio of water vapor, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen in the residual gas is 3: 1: 3: 3. It is calculated from the gas temperature TR using (4-5-1) to (4-5-4). At this time, the combustion chamber volume Vc is calculated from the cylinder diameter D, the crank radius R, and the compression ratio ⁇ using (4-6). On the other hand, the in-cylinder volume Vcyl ( ⁇ ) at the crank angle ⁇ in (4-1) described above is calculated from the cylinder diameter D, the crank radius R, and the compression ratio ⁇ using (4-7).
- the controller 50 calculates the target NOx concentration Sm from the calculation coefficients a, b, and c using the in-cylinder gas maximum temperature Tcylmax instead of the temperature difference ⁇ T in S107.
- the controller 50 adjusts the opening degree of the fuel gas supply amount adjustment valve 45 based on the NOx concentration deviation ⁇ S.
- the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas can be properly maintained regardless of the fuel gas composition. Further, it is possible to realize the calculation of the NOx concentration which is cheaper and more durable than using the NOx sensor. Further, the present invention can be applied even when the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas does not correspond to the engine efficiency. Furthermore, the NOx concentration can be calculated with higher accuracy than the methods for calculating the NOx concentration in the first, second, and third embodiments.
- the flow of the air-fuel ratio control means 55 in each of the above embodiments is for each cylinder, and the air-fuel ratio control is executed by averaging the temperature difference ⁇ T of each cylinder or the in-cylinder gas maximum temperature Tcylmax.
- the present invention can be used for a gas engine.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1に示すように、ガスエンジン101は、エンジン本体10と、制御手段としてのElectronic Control Unit(以下ECUと称する)90と、を備えている。
排気経路は、後述する燃焼室15で混合気が燃焼することにより生成する排気ガスをエンジン本体10の外部に排気ガス中の排気管30と、を備えている。
燃料ガス供給経路は、燃料ガスを給気経路に供給する燃料ガス供給管40と、該燃料ガス供給管40を通過する燃料ガス量、すなわち混合気に含まれる燃料ガス量を調整する燃料ガス供給量調整手段としての燃料ガス供給量調整弁45と、を備えている。
エンジン負荷検出手段としてのエンジントルクセンサー72は、クランク軸17近傍に設けられ、エンジン負荷としてのエンジントルクTqを計測可能なセンサーである。
混合気温度検出手段としての混合気温度センサー73は、給気管20に設けられ、混合気温度Tinを計測可能なセンサーである。
混合気圧力検出手段としての混合気圧力センサー74は、給気管20に設けられ、混合気圧力Pinを計測可能なセンサーである。
スロットル開度検出手段としてのスロットル開度センサー75は、エンジン回転数Neによって調整されるスロットル開度Fを計測可能なセンサーである。なお、スロットル開度検出手段は、スロットルポジションセンサーであっても良い。
コントローラ50は、1燃焼サイクルの燃焼行程における燃焼室15の温度差ΔTに基づいて、排気ガス中のNOx濃度Sを算出する機能を有する。また、コントローラ50は、燃料ガス供給量調整弁45の開度を調整して空燃比制御を行う機能を有する。
ここで、温度差ΔTとは、1燃焼サイクルの燃焼行程における燃焼室15の温度差である。温度差ΔTは、後述するNOx濃度Sと相関があることが分かっている。また、Hは単位時間あたりの筒内投入熱量を表し、Qmixmは単位時間あたりの筒内投入混合気熱量を表している。
図3に示すように、ガスエンジン102のエンジン本体10は、上述した実施形態1のエンジン本体10と同様であるため、説明を省略する。
エンジン負荷検出手段としてのエンジントルクセンサー72は、クランク軸17近傍に設けられ、エンジン負荷としてのエンジントルクTqを計測可能なセンサーである。
燃料ガス温度検出手段としての燃料ガス温度センサー76は、燃料ガス供給管40に設けられ、燃料ガス温度Tgを計測可能なセンサーである。
燃料ガス圧力検出手段としての燃料ガス圧力センサー77は、燃料ガス供給管40に設けられ、燃料ガス圧力Pgを計測可能なセンサーである。
空気質量流量検出手段としての空気質量流量センサー78は、燃料ガス供給管40が合流する上流側の給気管20に設けられ、空気質量流量Ginを計測可能なセンサーである。
コントローラ50は、1燃焼サイクルの燃焼行程における燃焼室15の温度差ΔTに基づいて、排気ガス中のNOx濃度Sを算出する機能を有する。また、コントローラ50は、燃料ガス供給量調整弁45の開度を調整して空燃比制御を行う機能を有する。
また、コントローラ50は、燃料ガス供給量調整弁45の開度Fgを読み込む。
図5に示すように、ガスエンジン103のエンジン本体10は、上述した実施形態1のエンジン本体10と同様であるため、説明を省略する。
エンジン負荷検出手段としてのエンジントルクセンサー72は、クランク軸17近傍に設けられ、エンジン負荷としてのエンジントルクTqを計測可能なセンサーである。
混合気流量検出手段としての混合気流量センサー79は、スロットル弁22の下流側の給気管20に設けられ、混合気流量Gmixvを計測可能なセンサーである。
コントローラ50は、1燃焼サイクルの燃焼行程における燃焼室15の温度差ΔTに基づいて、排気ガス中のNOx濃度Sを算出する機能を有する。また、コントローラ50は、燃料ガス供給量調整弁45の開度を調整して空燃比制御を行う機能を有する。
図7に示すように、ガスエンジン104のエンジン本体10は、上述した実施形態1のエンジン本体10と同様であるため、説明を省略する。
エンジン負荷検出手段としてのエンジントルクセンサー72は、クランク軸17近傍に設けられ、エンジン負荷としてのエンジントルクTqを計測可能なセンサーである。
混合気温度検出手段としての混合気温度センサー73は、給気管20に設けられ、混合気温度Tinを計測可能なセンサーである。
混合気圧力検出手段としての混合気圧力センサー74は、給気管20に設けられ、混合気圧力Pinを計測可能なセンサーである。
スロットル開度検出手段としてのスロットル開度センサー75は、エンジン回転数Neによって調整されるスロットル開度Fを計測可能なセンサーである。
筒内圧力検出手段としての筒内圧力センサー82は、気筒内の筒内圧力としてのクランク角θ毎の燃焼室15の筒内平均圧力Pcyl(θ)を計測可能なセンサーである。
排気ガス温度検出手段としての排気ガス温度センサー83は、排気管30に設けられ、排気ガス温度としての残留ガス温度TRを計測可能なセンサーである。
コントローラ50は、1燃焼サイクルの燃焼行程における燃焼室15の筒内ガス最高温度Tcylmaxに基づいて、NOx濃度Sを算出する機能を有する。また、コントローラ50は、燃料ガス供給量調整弁45の開度を調整して空燃比制御を行う機能を有する。
Claims (5)
- 燃料ガス供給量を調整する燃料ガス供給量調整手段と、
エンジン回転数を検出するエンジン回転数検出手段と、
エンジン負荷を検出するエンジン負荷検出手段と、
適正な燃料ガス供給量を算出し、該適正な燃料ガス供給量前記を供給するように前記燃料ガス供給量調整手段を調整する制御手段と、
を有するガスエンジンにおいて、
前記制御手段は、
少なくともエンジン回転数とエンジン負荷とを認識して1燃焼サイクルの燃焼行程における燃焼室の温度差を算出し、
前記温度差に基づいて排気ガス中のNOx濃度を算出し、
前記NOx濃度に基づいて適正な燃料ガス供給量を算出し、
前記適正な燃料ガス供給量を供給するように前記燃料ガス供給量調整手段を調整することを特徴とするガスエンジン。 - 混合気温度を検出する混合気温度検出手段と、
混合気圧力を検出する混合気圧力検出手段と、
スロットル開度を検出するスロットル開度検出手段と、
を備え、
前記制御手段は、
少なくともエンジン回転数とエンジン負荷と混合気温度と混合気圧力とスロットル開度とを認識して1燃焼サイクルの燃焼行程における燃焼室の温度差を算出することを特徴とする請求項1記載のガスエンジン。 - 燃料ガス温度を検出する燃料ガス温度検出手段と、
燃料ガス圧力を検出する燃料ガス圧力検出手段と、
空気質量流量を検出する空気質量流量検出手段と、
前記燃料ガス供給量調整手段の燃料ガス供給量を検出する燃料ガス供給量検出手段と、
を備え、
前記制御手段は、
少なくともエンジン回転数とエンジン負荷と燃料ガス温度と燃料ガス圧力と空気質量流量と燃料ガス供給量とを認識して1燃焼サイクルの燃焼行程における燃焼室の温度差を算出する請求項1記載のガスエンジン。 - 混合気流量を検出する混合気流量検出手段と、
を備え、
前記制御手段は、
少なくともエンジン回転数とエンジン負荷と混合気流量とを認識して1燃焼サイクルの燃焼行程における燃焼室の温度差を算出することを特徴とする請求項1記載のガスエンジン。 - 混合気温度を検出する混合気温度検出手段と、
混合気圧力を検出する混合気圧力検出手段と、
スロットル開度を検出するスロットル開度検出手段と、
気筒内の筒内圧力を検出する筒内圧力検出手段と、
排気ガス温度を検出する排気ガス温度検出手段と、
を備え、
前記制御手段は、
前記温度差に基づいて排気ガス中のNOx濃度を算出する替わりに、
少なくともエンジン回転数とエンジン負荷と混合気温度と混合気圧力とスロットル開度と気筒の筒内圧力と排気ガス温度とを認識して1燃焼サイクルの燃焼行程における燃焼室の最高温度を算出し、
前記該最高温度に基づいて排気ガス中のNOx濃度を算出することを特徴とする請求項1記載のガスエンジン。
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EP09734978A EP2273089A1 (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2009-03-05 | Gas engine |
CA2721915A CA2721915A1 (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2009-03-05 | Gas engine |
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FI20105130A (fi) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-11 | Waertsilae Finland Oy | Menetelmä ja järjestely pilottipolttoaineen ruiskutuksen säätöön rajoittamaan ahdetun moottorin nox-päästöjä |
FR2982824B1 (fr) * | 2011-11-17 | 2013-11-22 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede de commande en regime transitoire d'un systeme de propulsion hybride d'un vehicule |
JP5936367B2 (ja) * | 2012-01-20 | 2016-06-22 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 内燃機関の燃焼制御装置及び制御方法 |
JP2013209926A (ja) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-10 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 船舶、燃料ガス供給装置および燃料ガス供給方法 |
JP5236101B1 (ja) * | 2012-05-24 | 2013-07-17 | 株式会社小松製作所 | 無限軌道式建設機械 |
FR2999648B1 (fr) * | 2012-12-18 | 2017-12-01 | Continental Automotive France | Procede de determination de la concentration en oxydes d'azote a la sortie d'un moteur a combustion interne |
KR101983409B1 (ko) * | 2014-04-18 | 2019-05-29 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | 엔진의 가스연료 공급장치 및 엔진의 가스연료 공급장치의 작동방법 |
DE102014210841A1 (de) * | 2014-06-06 | 2015-12-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Ermitteln einer Stickoxid-Emission beim Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine |
JP6453594B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-16 | 2019-01-16 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | ガスセンサ装置、およびガスセンサを用いた濃度測定方法 |
US9863346B2 (en) * | 2014-10-03 | 2018-01-09 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method and apparatus for estimating nitrogen oxides out of an engine |
DE102015206135A1 (de) * | 2015-04-07 | 2016-10-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Ermitteln von Stickoxiden im Abgas einer Brennkraftmaschine |
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KR20100135840A (ko) | 2010-12-27 |
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