Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
  • A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
  • A23G1/04—Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of cocoa or cocoa products
  • A23G1/20—Apparatus for moulding, cutting or dispensing chocolate
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
  • A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
  • A23G1/04—Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of cocoa or cocoa products
  • A23G1/20—Apparatus for moulding, cutting or dispensing chocolate
  • A23G1/21—Apparatus for moulding hollow products, open shells or other articles having cavities, e.g. open cavities
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
  • A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
  • A23G3/02—Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of sweetmeats or confectionery; Accessories therefor
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
  • A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
  • A23G3/02—Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of sweetmeats or confectionery; Accessories therefor
  • A23G3/20—Apparatus for coating or filling sweetmeats or confectionery
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
  • B05C5/02—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
  • B05C5/0225—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work characterised by flow controlling means, e.g. valves, located proximate the outlet
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
  • B05C5/02—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
  • B05C5/0225—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work characterised by flow controlling means, e.g. valves, located proximate the outlet
  • B05C5/0237—Fluid actuated valves
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
  • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
  • Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
  • Y10T137/7879—Resilient material valve
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
  • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
  • Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
  • Y10T137/7879—Resilient material valve
  • Y10T137/788—Having expansible port
  • Y10T137/7882—Having exit lip
  • Y10T137/7885—Multiple slit

Definitions

• the invention relates to a casting machine according to claim 1 for pouring a flowable mass, in particular a liquid mass with suspended solid particles, such.
• a flowable mass in particular a liquid mass with suspended solid particles, such.
• Chocolate in which typically cocoa particles and sugar particles are suspended in a cocoa butter and more or less milk fat, molten fat mass.
• the invention relates to a valve according to claim 30 and a pressure generating means according to claim 47, which can be installed in the inventive casting machine.
• Such known casting machines for casting chocolate contain e.g. a mass container for receiving the flowable mass; at least one valve in fluid communication with the mass container interior, the valve being in an open state along its valve passage direction in the presence of a pressure gradient and in a closed state along its valve passage direction in the absence of this pressure gradient; and pressure generating means for generating a pressure gradient along the valve passing direction of the valve.
• the components of such casting machines consist of rigid metal parts.
• the mass container is used to hold the pourable mass. From its bottom leads away, each leading into one of a plurality of chambers, in each of which a piston is movable.
• each of the chambers is connected to a respective nozzle.
• a valve function is provided for each chamber / piston / nozzle unit.
• the respective valve opens the respective connecting line between the mass container and the respective chamber, while the respective connecting line between the respective chamber and the respective nozzle is blocked.
• the respective piston then moves in the chamber in such a way that the free chamber volume is increased and mass is sucked into the respective chamber.
• the respective valve closes the respective connecting line between the mass container and the respective chamber, while the respective connecting line between the respective chamber and the respective nozzle is opened.
• the respective piston then moves in the chamber such that the free chamber volume is reduced and mass is pumped out of the respective chamber and to the respective nozzle.
• the mass issuing from the nozzle is then pressed or poured onto a base or into a hollow mold.
• the valve function is coupled to the piston function.
• the piston is e.g. formed as a substantially cylindrical stroke / rotary piston, which can perform in a cylinder chamber on the one hand a lifting movement along the axis of the chamber or of the piston and on the other hand, a rotational movement about the axis of the chamber or the piston.
• the pressure difference applied to the nozzle must be sufficiently large to overcome the flow limit of the chocolate mass to be poured at the beginning of the casting. This leads to this pressure difference initially rising sharply. As soon as the flow begins, a much smaller pressure difference is required to maintain a constant flow. In addition, due to the now flowing laminar shear flow with a parabolic-like flow profile, a change in the flow properties (viscosity) of the chocolate mass occurs in such a way that the viscosity decreases. The shear works so thinning here. The initially required pressure difference for overcoming the flow limit of the chocolate mass is therefore much greater than the pressure difference required after the start of the flow to maintain the flow. However, the design of the pressure sources and the stability of many machine parts must be based on this maximum pressure requirement.
• the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a casting machine for producing a consumable product from a castable mass, in particular from a fat mass such as chocolate, in which the disadvantages and disadvantages described are obtained. Lingering during casting can be avoided or at least reduced. At the same time the casting machine should have a simple and störunan tracten structure.
• valve having a valve body with a valve opening and at least one valve opening associated with the valve flap, which is hinged to the valve body and is exposed to a resilient bias which presses the valve flap against the valve opening in the casting machine described above and this seals.
• valve flap in its closed state, in which it bears against the valve body and presses against the valve opening, prevents the uncontrolled, i. No mass leakage through the valve occurs, without defined pressure difference across the valve, and especially the flow of mass at the end of a pouring operation.
• valve flap If the pressure difference generated on the valve, preferably in a defined manner, is large enough to overcome the elastic preload of the sealing valve flap and the flow limit of the mass to be pressed through the valve opening, the mass begins to flow through the valve opening, the valve flap against the valve opening elastic bias is moved and increases the flow area of the valve.
• a momentary or stationary equilibrium arises between the elastic restoring force (closing force) of the valve flap and the deflection force (opening force) of the valve flap generated by the pressure difference in the flowing mass.
• the “yielding" valve prevents instantaneous transient pressure peaks of the pressure difference applied to the valve, or at least keeps it considerably lower than with a rigid nozzle.
• the valve according to the invention is suitable for installation in the casting machine described above. It has a valve body with a valve opening and at least one valve flap associated with the valve flap, which is hinged to the valve body and is subjected to a resilient bias, which presses the valve flap against the valve opening and seals.
• the valve flap is flexible.
• it consists of a sufficiently soft elastic material and / or is sufficiently small along one dimension, i. has a small flap thickness.
• the valve flap consists of elastomeric material which rests against the valve opening in the prestressed state. As a result, a good closing effect of the valve can be achieved.
• valve flaps associated with the valve opening may be provided which are hinged to the valve body and each exposed to a resilient bias which urges the valve flaps against each other and seals the valve opening.
• the contribution to the valve opening is then distributed to two valve flaps, with the result that the deflection and / or deformation of each of the valve flaps is less.
• the material in the articulation region of the valve flaps on the valve body or the material of the valve flaps per se is less strained, which can increase the service life of the valves.
• the valve flap according to the invention has a geometry such that the flap edge of the at least one valve flap of the valve projected onto a valve cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the valve passage direction from a first radially outer point of the valve cross-sectional plane over a radially central point of the valve cross-sectional plane to a second radially outer point of the valve section plane.
• This angular or curved course makes it possible to increase the pressing force of the valve flap or the flap edge to the valve opening or the opening edge, by the two radially outer points Valve cross-sectional plane in the articulation region in each case acts with a radially inwardly directed force on the valve flap.
• the valve has at least three valve openings associated with the valve opening, which are articulated to the valve body in a peripheral area and are each subjected to a resilient bias which presses the valve flaps against each other and seals the valve opening, the valve extending in the direction the valve-passage direction has a raised pyramidal shape, the pyramidal surfaces are each formed by a valve flap, so that extends between two respective adjacent pyramidal surfaces in each case a valve slot from a radially outer point to the radial center.
• This passageway-raised shape of the valve increases its resistance to overturning when the downstream-side fluid pressure is greater than the upstream-side fluid pressure in the valve-passing direction.
• each of the plurality of valve flaps requires only a relatively small amount of deformation to effect a sufficient opening of the valve.
• Such a valve may have three, four, five or six valve flaps and have a respective three-, four-, five- or hexahedral pyramidal shape.
• the pyramidal surfaces are each concave shaped and formed by a respective concave shaped valve flap, the concavity of which extends between the limiting valve slots of the flap and the peripheral hinge portion of the flap.
• These concave valve flaps in their entirety form a multi-sided pyramid whose side surfaces, from the downstream side, are each designed as a concave facet. This contributes to the improved closing effect, i. a more stable closed state of the valve.
• valve body and the at least one valve flap may be formed in one piece. Preferably, they are formed as one piece elastomeric casting. As a result, the valve according to the invention can be produced in a casting process, optionally with subsequent crosslinking, eg vulcanization. Alternatively, the valve body and the at least one valve flap can be connected to each other by a positive and / or non-positive plug connection. It is advantageous if the valve body and / or the valve flap (s) are made of flexible material.
• the degree of bendability (flexibility) of the valve may be determined by the modulus of elasticity and / or by the dimensions orthogonal to the bending line or bending plane of the valve sections or valve components, wherein increasing the modulus of elasticity or increasing the dimension reduces the flexibility and conversely a reduction of the modulus of elasticity or a reduction of the dimension increases the bendability.
• the valve body and / or the at least one valve flap may also be coupled to a stabilizing element or stiffening element.
• valve body is arranged in a valve seat surrounding it like a ring or a ring, which consists of the first material.
• valve body Preferably, the valve body and optionally.
• the valve flaps made of a soft elastic material, while the coronary or annular valve seat consists of a hard elastic material.
• All measures for stiffening or stabilizing the valve as a whole or its sections or components should be arranged inside a soft-elastic material or act on the valve from the valve seat, so as to ensure that the valve areas touching each other when closing the valve, e.g. Valve slots that can undergo necessary deformation.
• the areas of the valve touching one another during closing therefore form sealing areas or the actual valve seal.
• the at least one valve passes through the transition from the closed to the open state of the valve or at the transition from the open to the closed state of the valve due to the Verfor- Valve of the valve, a pressure point in which the potential energy stored in the valve is maximum.
• the pressure point can occur, for example, when the valve experiences a first increasing and, after overcoming the pressure point, decreasing compression or compression along the bending line or bending plane when it is bent from the closed to the open state.
• the maximum potential energy is then predominantly in the form of compression energy.
• the deformation of the valve may be, for example, an everting of a valve flap from a concave shape of the valve flap to a convex shape of the valve flap.
• the pressure generating agent is suitable for installation in the casting machine described above. It has a variable chamber volume metering chamber and at least one metering chamber outlet valve and a metering chamber inlet valve, wherein the metering chamber inlet valve is disposed in fluid communication between the mass container volume and the metering chamber volume.
• the pressure generating means is a pump whose operation has a suction stroke and a discharge stroke.
• variable chamber volume metering chamber, the metering chamber outlet valve and the metering chamber inlet valve together form a metering unit.
• mass enters the dosing chamber via the open inlet valve with the outlet valve closed
• mass passes out of the dosing chamber via the open outlet valve with the inlet valve closed eg to be poured in molds, in alveoli or on a conveyor belt.
• the pressure generating means may comprise a hermetically sealable and communicating with a pressure source mass container.
• a pressure source a Source of compressed gas, in particular a compressed air source verwednet be.
• the pressure generating means may have a hermetically sealable mass container with variable mass container volume. This allows for metering into the metering chamber causing or at least supporting pressure generation in the mass container by reducing the mass container volume.
• the valve passage direction of the at least one metering chamber outlet valve preferably extends from the metering chamber volume to the atmosphere surrounding the casting machine and the valve passage direction of the metering chamber inlet valve from the mass container volume to the metering chamber volume.
• the metering chamber has a plurality of metering chamber outlet valves and only one metering chamber inlet valve.
• the dosing chamber may have a plurality of dosing chamber outlet valves and a plurality of dosing chamber inlet valves.
• the number of metering chamber outlet valves and the number of metering chamber inlet valves may be equal to one metering chamber, it being expedient for each metering chamber outlet valve to be assigned a metering chamber inlet valve.
• the casting machine or its pressure generating means has a plurality of metering chambers, wherein preferably each metering chamber has a metering chamber outlet valve and a metering chamber inlet valve.
• each metering chamber has a metering chamber outlet valve and a metering chamber inlet valve.
• a multiplicity of metering chambers can be arranged in parallel in the casting machine, as a result of which a high throughput can be achieved.
• the respective chamber volumes of each of the metering chambers coupled to each other changed changeable.
• Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a dosing unit of the pressure generating means according to the invention in a first operating phase
• Fig. 2 shows the dosing unit in a second phase of operation
• Fig. 3 shows the dosing unit in a third phase of operation
• Fig. 4 shows the dosing unit in a fourth phase of operation
• Fig. 5 shows the dosing unit in a fifth phase of operation
• Fig. 6 shows the dosing unit in the sixth operating phase
• FIG. 7 shows the pressure conditions during operation of the dosing unit on the basis of the dosing unit
• FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a casting machine cut along a vertical plane according to the invention, wherein the metering unit described in FIGS. 1 to 7 forms part of the pressure generating means or the casting machine; FIG.
• Fig. 9 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the valve according to the invention.
• Fig. 10 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the valve according to the invention.
• Fig. 11 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the valve according to the invention.
• Fig. 12 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the valve according to the invention.
• Fig. 13 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the valve according to the invention.
• Fig. 14A is a further embodiment of the valve according to the invention, substantially opposite to the valve passage direction;
• FIG. 14B is the embodiment of the inventive valve according to the invention as shown in FIG. 14A, which is substantially rectified with respect to the valve passage direction;
• Fig. 15A is a further embodiment of the valve according to the invention, substantially opposite to the valve passage direction;
• Fig. 15B is the embodiment of the valve according to the invention, substantially rectified to the valve passage direction, according to Fig. 15A;
• Fig. 16A is a further embodiment of the valve according to the invention, substantially opposite to the valve passage direction;
• 16B is the embodiment of the valve according to the invention, which is essentially rectified with respect to the valve passage direction, according to FIG. 16A.
• FIG. 1 has a lower valve block 3 and an upper valve block 4.
• the dosing unit 3, 4 is an essential part of the pressure generating means according to the invention.
• the lower valve block 3 contains a multiplicity of subordinate and mutually parallel lower valve channels 5 whose cross-section is preferably circular.
• Each of the lower valve channels 5 is bounded by a channel wall 31, which is preferably cylindrical.
• a lower valve 32 At the lower end of a lower valve channel 5 is a lower valve 32, and at the upper end of a lower valve channel 5 is an upper valve 42.
• Volume V is variable and is formed by a variable portion of the lower valve channel 5.
• the upper valve block 4 also contains a plurality of side by side arranged and mutually parallel upper valve channels 6, whose cross section corresponds to the cross section of the lower valve channels 5, preferably therefore also is circular.
• Each of the lower valve channels 6 is bounded by a channel wall 41, which is preferably cylindrical.
• At the lower end of an upper valve channel 6 is an upper valve 42, and at the upper end, each upper valve channel 6 is connected to a bulk container 2 (see Fig. 8).
• the inner wall of a lower valve channel 5 corresponds to the outer cross section of an upper valve channel 6.
• Each lower valve channel 6 is inside a lower valve channel 5 along the common Axis X of the channels 5 and 6 displaceable.
• An annular seal 43 which is mounted as a sealing ring 43 in an annular groove in the outer surface of the channel wall 41, ensures a sealing of the metering chamber 7 and prevents pourable mass between the channel wall 31 and the channel wall 41 to propagate and uncontrolled from the metering chamber. 7 can escape.
• the annular seal may also be formed as an annular bead integral with the channel wall (not shown).
• a plurality of axially spaced sealing rings 43 or annular beads may be provided on the channel wall 41.
• the lower valve 32 is formed of an elastic material. When there is a sufficiently small pressure difference between the metering chamber 7 and the ambient (atmosphere) at the lower valve 32, ie when a minimum valve pressure difference is not exceeded, the elastic material of the valve remains substantially undeformed, and the lower valve 32 remains closed. Only when the minimum valve pressure difference is exceeded, the lower valve 32 opens.
• the upper valve 42 is also formed of an elastic material. If there is a sufficiently small pressure difference between the valve channel 6 and the metering chamber 5 at the upper valve 42, i. if a minimum valve pressure difference is not exceeded, the elastic material of the valve remains substantially undeformed and the upper valve 42 remains closed. Only when the minimum valve pressure difference is exceeded, the upper valve 42 opens.
• FIG. 1 shows the first phase of a casting cycle of the metering unit 3, 4.
• the upper valve block 4 or each of the upper valve channels 6 is pulled out of the lower valve block 3 or from the respective lower valve channel 5 as far along the axis X, as it corresponds to the required dosing volume.
• the upper valve block 4 is located at the end of the intake stroke and rests with respect to the lower valve block 3.
• the volume V of the metering chamber 7 assumes its maximum value.
• Each upper valve channel 6 and each lower valve channel 5 is filled with pourable mass M, which is sufficiently viscous that it comes to rest almost immediately after suction. This is also the beginning of the ejection stroke.
• the lower valve 32 and the upper valve 42 are closed.
• the mass M is at rest.
• Fig. 2 shows the second phase of the casting cycle.
• the valve block 4 or each of the upper valve channels 6 is pushed into the lower valve block 3 or into the respective lower valve channel 5 along the axis X.
• the upper valve 42 is closed, and the lower valve 32 is open.
• the mass M in the metering chamber 7 is ejected from the decreasing volume V of the metering chamber through the lower valve 32.
• the upper valve block 4 is located at a position within the Ausstosshubes and moves relative to the lower valve block 3.
• Each upper valve channel. 6 and each lower valve channel 5 is filled with mass M which moves during the ejection stroke.
• Fig. 3 shows the third phase of the casting cycle.
• the upper valve block 4 or each of the upper valve channels 6 is pushed into the lower valve block 3 or into the respective lower valve channel 5 almost as far along the axis X as corresponds to the required metering volume.
• the upper valve 42 is closed, and the lower valve 32 is still open.
• the mass M in the metering chamber 7 is further expelled through the lower valve 32.
• the upper valve block 4 is located shortly before the end of the Ausstosshubes and still moves with respect to the lower valve block 3.
• the volume V of the metering chamber 7 has reached almost its minimum value.
• Each upper valve channel 6 and each lower valve channel 5 is filled with mass M.
• Fig. 4 shows the fourth phase of the casting cycle.
• the upper valve block 4 or each of the upper valve channels 6 is pulled out of the lower valve block 3 and out of the respective lower valve channel 5 along the axis X.
• the upper valve 42 is open, and the lower valve 32 is closed.
• the mass M is sucked through the upper valve 42 into the increasing volume V of the metering chamber 7.
• the upper valve block 4 is located at a position within the intake stroke and moves with respect to the lower valve block 3.
• the volume V of the metering chamber 7 increases.
• Each upper valve channel 6 and each lower valve channel 5 is filled with mass M, which moves during the intake stroke.
• Fig. 5 shows the fifth phase of the casting cycle.
• the upper valve block 4 or each of the upper valve channels 6 is pulled out of the lower valve block 3 or from the respective lower valve channel 5 almost as far along the axis X as corresponds to the required metering volume.
• the upper valve 42 is still open, and the lower valve 32 is still closed.
• the mass M is further drawn through the upper valve 42 into the increasing volume V of the metering chamber 7.
• the upper valve block 4 is located shortly before the end of the intake stroke and still moves with respect to the lower valve block 3.
• the volume V of the metering chamber 7 has almost reached its maximum value.
• Each upper valve channel 6 and each lower valve channel 5 is filled with mass M.
• Fig. 6 shows the sixth phase of the casting cycle of the dosing unit 3, 4.
• the upper valve block 4 and each of the upper valve channels 6 is pulled out of the lower valve block 3 and from the respective lower valve channel 5 as far along the axis X, as it corresponds to the required dosing volume.
• the upper valve block 4 is located at the end of the intake stroke and rests with respect to the lower valve block 3.
• the volume V of the metering chamber 7 again assumes its maximum value.
• Each upper valve channel 6 and each lower valve channel 5 is filled with mass M. This is also the beginning of the Ausstosshubes (see Fig. 1).
• the lower valve 32 and the upper valve 42 are closed.
• the mass M is at rest.
• Fig. 7A shows the pressure conditions at the end of the intake stroke and at the beginning of the discharge stroke.
• the upper valve block 4 rests with respect to the lower valve block 3. This mass M also rests.
• Fig. 7B shows the pressure conditions during the discharge stroke.
• the upper valve block 4 moves downwardly with respect to the lower valve block 3.
• the pressure P1 in the metering chamber 7 formed by the lower valve channel 5 is greater than the pressure P2 in the upper valve channel 6 (P1> P2).
• the upper valve 42 is closed.
• the pressure P1 in the metering chamber 7 is greater than the atmospheric pressure PO.
• the lower valve 32 is open.
• Fig. 7C shows the pressure conditions during the suction stroke.
• the upper valve block 4 moves upwardly with respect to the lower valve block 3.
• the pressure P1 in the through the metering chamber 7 formed in the lower valve channel 5 is smaller than the pressure P2 in the upper valve channel 6 (P1 ⁇ P2).
• the upper valve 42 is open.
• the pressure P1 in the metering chamber 7 is smaller than the atmospheric pressure PO.
• the lower valve 32 is closed.
• Fig. 7D shows the pressure conditions towards the end of the intake stroke.
• the upper valve block 4 still moves with respect to the lower valve block 3.
• the pressure P1 in the metering chamber 7 formed by the lower valve channel 5 is still smaller than the pressure P2 in the upper valve channel 6 (P1 ⁇ P2).
• the upper valve 42 is still open.
• the pressure P1 in the metering chamber 7 is smaller than the atmospheric pressure PO.
• the lower valve 32 is still closed.
• FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a casting machine 1 cut along a vertical plane, wherein the metering unit 3, 4 described in FIGS. 1 to 7 forms part of the casting machine 1.
• the casting machine 1 comprises from top to bottom arranged substantially three elements, namely a mass container 2, an upper valve block 4 with upper valves 42 and a lower valve block 3 with lower valves 32nd
• the upper valve block 4 is here plate-shaped and connected at its upper side with the mass container 2 and at its underside with a plurality of cylindrical upper valve channels 6, each extending normal to the flat bottom of the upper valve block 4 and each by a cylindrical channel wall 41st are formed. At their lower end they each have an upper valve 42.
• the bottom of the mass container 2 contains a plurality of holes 21, each of which opens into one of the upper valve channels 6.
• the lower valve block 3 is here formed by a lower plate 3a and an upper plate 3b, which are aligned parallel to the upper valve block 4 and the bottom of the mass container 2.
• the two plates 3a and 3b have a plurality of holes to which they are connected via a plurality of cylindrical lower valve passages 5 extending in a web-like manner from the location of one of the holes in the plates 3a and 3b between the lower plate 3a and the upper plate 3b and each by a cylindrical ge channel wall 31 are formed.
• the lower valve block 3 thus consists of a rigid unit, which is formed by the lower plate 3 a, the upper plate 3 b and the plurality of web-like lower valve channels 5. At its lower end, each lower valve channel 5 has a lower valve 32.
• the lower valve block 3 and the upper valve block 4 are slidably mounted to each other.
• the sliding bearing is formed by the plurality of cylindrical channel walls 41 of the upper valve channels 6 and the plurality of cylindrical channel walls 31 of the lower valve channels 5, wherein the outer wall of a respective valve channel wall 41 abuts against the inner wall of a respective valve channel wall 31 and along the respective cylinder axis X, the concentric cylinder channel walls 31, 41 can slide relative to each other.
• the volume V of the particular determined by the valve channel wall 31 and by the lower valve 32 and the upper valve 42 metering chambers 7 is changed, as can be seen on the cycle of Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 sees.
• FIGS. 7A, 7B, 7C and 7D For the pressure conditions in the lower valve channel 5 or in a metering chamber 7 determined by it and in the upper valve channel 6, what has been said with reference to FIGS. 7A, 7B, 7C and 7D applies.
• each of the metering chambers 7 there is a vibrating element 11, via which vibrations can be introduced into the mass to be poured.
• the vibro-elements 11 are in the form of rods which extend transversely through each metering chamber 7 or each lower valve channel 5 and are mounted in the valve channel wall 31.
• FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of a valve 50 according to the invention.
• the valve 50 has a flat main body 51 of an elastic material, in particular of elastomeric material, with a circular plan view along the valve axis or the valve passage direction.
• the main body 51 is in the valve-passage direction convex and traversed by a passing through the surface center of the valve 50 slot 52.
• an approximately crescent-shaped valve flap 53 is defined on each side of the slot 52.
• valve 50 shown in perspective in FIG. 9 corresponds to the valves 32 and 42 shown in section in FIGS. 1 to 6.
• FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of another valve 60 according to the invention.
• the valve 60 has a planar main body 61 of an elastic material, in particular of elastomer material, with a circular plan view along the valve axis or the valve passage direction.
• the main body 61 is convexly curved in the valve passage direction and is traversed by a first slot 62 extending through the surface center of the valve 60 and a second slot 63 crossing the first slot in the surface center.
• a total of four valve flaps 64 are defined, which have approximately the shape of a right triangle.
• valve 60 shown in perspective in FIG. 10 also corresponds to the valves 32 and 42 shown in section in FIGS. 1 to 6.
• FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of another valve 70 according to the invention.
• the valve 70 has a flat main body 71 of an elastic material, in particular of elastomer material, with a circular plan view along the valve axis or the valve passage direction.
• the main body 71 is convexly curved in the valve passage direction and is crossed by four slots 72, 73, 74, 75 running through the surface center of the valve 70 and intersecting there.
• the intersecting slots 72, 73, 74, 75 a total of eight valve flaps 76 are defined, which have approximately the shape of an acute-angled triangle.
• the slots of the valves 50, 60 or 70 can also be a have additional curvature within the planar body 51, 61, 71.
• Advantageous are S-shaped slots (not shown), the point-symmetrical to the surface center point (intersection of valve axis and flat body) in the base body 51, 61, 71 are arranged.
• FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of a valve 80 according to the invention.
• the valve 80 has a base body 81 made of an elastic material, in particular of elastomeric material, with a circular plan view along the valve axis or the valve passage direction.
• a base body 81 made of an elastic material, in particular of elastomeric material, with a circular plan view along the valve axis or the valve passage direction.
• the main body 81 protrude in the valve-passage two concave valve flaps 83, which abut each other with their ends along a transverse slot 82 and thus form a slotted ridge 84.
• a hole of approximately circular cross-section is provided, which extends along the notch-like slot end 82a through the membrane-like material of the valve 80 and the slot end 82a thus takes its notch character, so that Kerf stresses caused crack growth in the membrane material of the valve 80 is prevented.
• FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of a valve 90 according to the invention.
• the valve 90 has a base body 91 made of an elastic material, in particular of elastomer material, with a circular plan view along the valve axis or the valve passage direction. From the main body 91 protrude in the valve passage four concave valve flaps 94, which abut each other with their ends along two transverse and mutually perpendicular crossing slots 92, 93 and thus form two slotted ridges 95, 96, which also cross each other at right angles.
• material clusters are provided to prevent cracking from the peripheral slot ends 92a, 93a.
• holes of approximately circular cross-section may be provided at the peripheral slot ends 92a, 93a, extending along the notch-like slot ends 92a-93a through the membrane-like material of the valve 90 extend and the slot ends 92 a, 93 a thus take their notch-like character, so that caused by notch stresses crack growth in the membrane material of the valve 90 is prevented.
• FIG. 14A and 14B show a perspective view of a valve 100 according to the invention, wherein FIG. 14A is a view of the valve 100 which is substantially opposite to the valve passage direction, and FIG. 14B is a view of the valve 100 which is substantially rectified with respect to the valve passage direction is.
• the valve 100 has a main body 101 of an elastic material, in particular of elastomeric material, with a circular plan view along the valve axis or the valve passage direction.
• FIG. 15A and 15B show a perspective view of a valve 110 according to the invention, wherein Fig. 15A is a view of the valve 110 substantially opposite to the valve passage direction, and Fig. 15B is a view of the valve 110 substantially rectified with respect to the valve passage direction is.
• the valve 110 has a main body 111 made of an elastic material, in particular made of elastomer material, with a circular plan view along the valve axis or the valve passage direction.
• FIG. 16A and 16B show a perspective view of a valve 120 according to the invention, wherein Fig. 16A is a view of the valve 120 substantially opposite to the valve passage direction, and Fig. 16B is a view of the valve 120 substantially in the direction of the valve passage direction is.
• the valve 120 has a base body 121 made of an elastic material, in particular made of elastomer material, with a circular plan view along the valve axis or the valve passage direction.
• the upper edge of the respective burrs 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134 between the valve center and the valve edge has a concave profile.
• the converging upper edges of the ridges 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134 protrude from the valve bottom (imaginary plane, which is spanned by the lower edge of the valve body 121) furthest upwards.
• material clusters are provided around one of the peripheral slot ends 122a, 123a, 124a, 125a, 126a, 127a prevent outgoing cracking.
• holes of circular cross-section may be provided at the peripheral slot ends 122a, 123a, 124a, 125a, 126a, 127a along the notch-like slot ends 122a, 123a, 124a, 125a, 126a , 127a extend through the membrane-like material of the valve 120 and thus take their notch-like character to the slot ends 122a, 123a, 124a, 125a, 126a, 127a, so that crack growth caused by notch stresses in the membrane material of the valve 120 is prevented.
• the valve 120 is reminiscent of a circus tent with a lying on sagging beams, poorly stretched and thus sagging tarpaulin.
• a rigid stabilizing ring or clamping ring (not shown) can be pushed whose inner diameter is smaller than the outer diameter of a tension-free valve 90, 100, 110 or 120 and by which the valve 90, 110, 110 or 120 is compressed in the radial direction.
• the term "rigid” is to be understood that the flexibility of the stabilizing or clamping ring is significantly lower than that of the valve.
• the valve 90, 100, 110 or 120 receives a bias which, due to the concavity of the valve flaps of these valves, causes these valve flaps to press against each other in the slots.
• This stabilizing ring extending in the circumferential direction around the valve 90, 100, 110 or 120 extends at least over a partial section of the axial length of the valve 90, 100, 110 or 120.
• valves 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120 described and shown herein are preferably made of an elastomeric material.
• stiffening ribs or stiffening nets may be attached to the surfaces or inside the valve material.
• fabric inserts can be used to prevent crack growth or cracking.
• a local valve stiffening is also possible by a locally different thickness of the sheet-like valve material, preferably in the form of surface ribs of valve material.
• the valves can be made in one piece and also provided with an inherent material tension ("frozen" stress state). By such inherent material stresses and / or by a special valve shape, in which a deformation and in particular an everting of the valve takes place while overcoming a compression of the valve along the plane of the flat valve body, the inventive valves can be provided with Duckddlingen.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Check Valves (AREA)
• Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
• Lift Valve (AREA)
• Confectionery (AREA)

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• 2008
  • 2008-04-22 DE DE200810001323 patent/DE102008001323A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2009
  • 2009-04-20 US US12/988,559 patent/US8568130B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-04-20 EP EP09735801A patent/EP2282644A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-04-20 CN CN2009801142543A patent/CN102014651A/zh active Pending
  • 2009-04-20 BR BRPI0910474A patent/BRPI0910474A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2009-04-20 WO PCT/EP2009/054647 patent/WO2009130178A2/de not_active Ceased
  • 2009-04-20 JP JP2011505471A patent/JP2011517953A/ja active Pending

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