WO2010052127A2 - Giessmaschinen-ventil, dosierkammer und giessmaschine - Google Patents
Giessmaschinen-ventil, dosierkammer und giessmaschine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010052127A2 WO2010052127A2 PCT/EP2009/063800 EP2009063800W WO2010052127A2 WO 2010052127 A2 WO2010052127 A2 WO 2010052127A2 EP 2009063800 W EP2009063800 W EP 2009063800W WO 2010052127 A2 WO2010052127 A2 WO 2010052127A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- casting machine
- flap
- metering chamber
- generating means
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/04—Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of cocoa or cocoa products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/04—Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of cocoa or cocoa products
- A23G1/20—Apparatus for moulding, cutting, or dispensing chocolate
- A23G1/201—Apparatus not covered by groups A23G1/21 - A23G1/28
- A23G1/205—Apparatus in which the material is shaped at least partially in a mould, in the hollows of a surface, a drum, an endless band or by drop-by-drop casting or dispensing of the material on a surface, e.g. injection moulding, transfer moulding
- A23G1/206—Apparatus for laying down material in moulds or drop-by-drop on a surface, optionally with the associated heating, cooling, portioning, cutting cast-tail, anti-drip device
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/04—Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of cocoa or cocoa products
- A23G1/042—Manufacture or treatment of liquid, cream, paste, granule, shred or powder
- A23G1/045—Weighing, portioning apparatus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
- A23G3/02—Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of sweetmeats or confectionery; Accessories therefor
- A23G3/0205—Manufacture or treatment of liquids, pastes, creams, granules, shred or powder
- A23G3/021—Weighing, portioning apparatus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
- A23G3/02—Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of sweetmeats or confectionery; Accessories therefor
- A23G3/0236—Shaping of liquid, paste, powder; Manufacture of moulded articles, e.g. modelling, moulding, calendering
- A23G3/0252—Apparatus in which the material is shaped at least partially in a mould, in the hollows of a surface, a drum, an endless band, or by a drop-by-drop casting or dispensing of the material on a surface, e.g. injection moulding, transfer moulding
- A23G3/0257—Apparatus for laying down material in moulds or drop-by-drop on a surface, optionally with the associated heating, cooling, portioning, cutting cast-tail, anti-drip device
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
- Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
Definitions
- the invention relates to a casting machine valve, to a pressure generating means for installation in a casting machine and to a casting machine for casting a flowable mass, in particular a liquid mass with suspended solid particles, such as e.g. Chocolate, in which typically cocoa particles and sugar particles are suspended in a cocoa butter and more or less milk fat, molten fat mass.
- a flowable mass in particular a liquid mass with suspended solid particles, such as e.g. Chocolate, in which typically cocoa particles and sugar particles are suspended in a cocoa butter and more or less milk fat, molten fat mass.
- Known casting machines for casting chocolate contain e.g. a mass container for receiving the flowable mass; at least one valve in fluid communication with the mass container interior, the valve being in an open state along its valve passage direction in the presence of a pressure gradient and in a closed state along its valve passage direction in the absence of this pressure gradient; and pressure generating means for generating a pressure gradient along the valve passing direction of the valve.
- the components of such casting machines consist of rigid metal parts.
- the mass container is used to hold the pourable mass. From its bottom leads away, each leading into one of a plurality of chambers, in each of which a piston is movable.
- Each of the chambers is on the other hand connected to a respective nozzle.
- a valve function is provided for each chamber / piston / nozzle unit.
- the respective valve opens the respective connecting line between the mass container and the respective chamber, while the respective connecting line between the respective chamber and the respective nozzle is blocked.
- the respective piston then moves in the chamber in such a way that the free chamber volume is increased and mass is sucked into the respective chamber.
- the respective valve closes the respective connecting line between the mass container and the respective chamber, while the respective valve connecting line between the respective chamber and the respective nozzle is opened.
- the respective piston then moves in the chamber such that the free chamber volume is reduced and mass is pumped out of the respective chamber and to the respective nozzle.
- the mass issuing from the nozzle is then pressed or poured onto a base or into a hollow mold.
- the valve function is coupled to the piston function.
- the piston is e.g. formed as a substantially cylindrical stroke / rotary piston, which can perform in a cylinder chamber on the one hand a lifting movement along the axis of the chamber or of the piston and on the other hand, a rotational movement about the axis of the chamber or the piston.
- the pressure difference applied to the nozzle must be sufficiently large to overcome the flow limit of the chocolate mass to be poured at the beginning of the casting. This leads to this pressure difference initially rising sharply. As soon as the flow begins, a much smaller pressure difference is required to maintain a constant flow. In addition, due to the now flowing laminar shear flow with a parabolic-like flow profile, a change in the flow properties (viscosity) of the chocolate mass occurs in such a way that the viscosity decreases. The shear works so thinning here. The initially required pressure difference for overcoming the flow limit of the chocolate mass is therefore much greater than the pressure difference required after the start of the flow to maintain the flow. However, the design of the pressure sources and the stability of many machine parts must be based on this maximum pressure requirement.
- the invention is therefore based on the object, a casting machine valve, a pressure generating means for installation in a casting machine and a casting machine for producing a consumption of a pourable mass, in particular from a fat mass such as chocolate to provide, in which avoided the disadvantages and inadequacies during casting or at least be able to be reduced.
- the casting machine valve, the pressure generating means and the casting machine should have a simple and störunan perennial structure.
- the valve according to the invention is suitable for installation in a casting machine as described above. It has a valve body with a valve opening and at least one valve opening associated with the valve flap, which is hinged to the valve body, wherein the valve flap closes the valve opening in the unpressurized state without bias as far as possible.
- valve flap is in its closed state on the valve body or on one or more valve flaps. This happens without bias. This means that without a load no force between a valve flap and another valve flap or between a valve flap and the valve body is exercised.
- the valve opening is largely closed, in particular sealed, so that no mass can penetrate through the valve.
- the valve opening may be closed such that the valve flaps seal the valve opening even for highly fluid mass. However, it is also sufficient if typical masses with suspended solid particles, such as rather viscous fat masses, are reliably retained.
- the internal tension of the valve flap which is given for example by the elasticity of the valve material or the spring constant of a return spring, prevents the uncontrolled, i. for example, without a defined pressure difference, leakage of mass through the valve taking place at the valve and, in particular, the subsequent flow of mass at the end of a casting process.
- the residual stress of the valve flap is selected so that it is adapted to the flow properties, for example, the viscosity or surface tension of the mass and / or to the dimensions of a metering chamber. So the residual stress should ensure that the valve does not open at a small load, eg at the weight of the mass in the metering chamber.
- the closing force of the valve can be increased by further measures, for example by subjecting the valve flaps to constant preload or by applying additional force to the flaps during the closing phase. Once the valve is to be opened, the closing force can be reduced or removed.
- the residual stress can be so great that it is necessary to allow additional force to act on the valve during the opening phase.
- the additional force may be pneumatic, hydraulic, electro-magnetic or mechanical.
- valve flaps can alternatively and / or additionally be locked with an over or under pressure which acts only or predominantly during the closing phase.
- the additional force can also be transmitted to the valve flaps in the form of a preferably spring-loaded valve stem.
- valve flaps can also be designed so that they can be controlled hydraulically or pneumatically.
- valve flaps may be designed such that opening and / or closing takes place on account of the piezoelectric effect, for example via a piezoelectric actuator or by means of valve flaps which contain piezoelectric material.
- valve flaps which are under bias in the unpressurized state.
- the valve in the presence of a pressure gradient along its valve passage direction, the valve is in an open condition and in the absence of this pressure differential along its valve passage direction is in a closed condition. Only when the pressure difference generated on the valve, preferably constructed in a defined manner, is large enough, the closing force of the sealing valve flap and the flow limit to be pressed through the valve opening mass is overcome and the mass begins to flow through the valve opening, wherein the valve flap is moved and increases the flow cross-section of the valve.
- the closing function of the valve can also be improved if several valve flaps are arranged one after the other in the direction of flow.
- the valve opens only when the closing force of all the valve flaps has been overcome.
- two non-biased valve flaps or valve flap groups may be arranged one after the other.
- the pressure gradient for opening the valve flaps can be generated and / or amplified, for example, by the weight force of inflowing mass and / or with an additionally applied lower or higher pressure.
- the valve flap is flexible.
- it consists of a sufficiently soft elastic material and / or is sufficiently small along one dimension, i. has a small flap thickness. It is particularly advantageous if the valve flap consists of elastomeric material. As a result, a good closing effect of the valve can be achieved.
- valve flaps associated with the valve opening can be provided, which are hinged to the valve body and seal the valve opening.
- contribution for valve opening then distributed on two valve flaps, with the result that the deflection and / or deformation of each of the valve flaps is less.
- the material in the articulation region of the valve flaps on the valve body or the material of the valve flaps per se is less strained, which can increase the service life of the valves.
- the valve flap according to the invention has such a geometry that the flap edge projected on a valve cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the valve passage direction of at least one valve flap of the valve from a first radially outer point of the valve cross-sectional plane over a radially central point of the valve cross-sectional plane to a second radially outer point of the valve cross-sectional plane extends.
- This angular or curved course makes it possible to additionally increase the contact pressure of the valve flap or the flap edge to the valve opening or the opening edge, by starting from the two radially outer points of the valve cross-sectional plane in the articulation region each with a radially inwardly directed force the valve flap acts.
- the valve has at least three valve flaps associated with the valve opening which are articulated to the valve body in a peripheral region, wherein the valve has a pyramid-like shape raised in the direction of the valve passage direction, whose pyramidal surfaces are each formed by a valve flap in that, in each case, a valve slot extends from a radially outer point to the radial center between two adjoining pyramidal surfaces.
- This passageway-raised shape of the valve increases its resistance to overturning when the downstream-side fluid pressure is greater than the upstream-side fluid pressure in the valve-passing direction.
- each of the plurality of valve flaps requires only a relatively small amount of deformation to effect a sufficient opening of the valve.
- Such a valve may have three, four, five or six valve flaps and have a respective three-, four-, five- or hexahedral pyramidal shape.
- the pyramidal surfaces are each concave shaped and formed by a respective concave shaped valve flap, the concavity of which extends between the limiting valve slots of the flap and the peripheral hinge portion of the flap.
- These concave valve flaps in their entirety form a multi-sided pyramid whose side surfaces, from the downstream side, are each designed as a concave facet. This contributes to the improved closing action, ie a more stable closed state of the valve.
- pyramidal surfaces viewed from the pyramid tip may also be each convexly shaped and formed by a respective convexly shaped valve flap, the convexity of which extends between the limiting valve slots of the valve and the peripheral articulation region of the valve.
- valve body and the at least one valve flap may be formed in one piece. Preferably, they are formed as a one-piece elastomeric casting.
- the valve according to the invention can be produced in a casting process, optionally with subsequent crosslinking, e.g. Vulcanization, to be produced.
- valve body and the at least one valve flap can be connected to each other by a positive and / or non-positive plug connection. It is advantageous if the valve body and / or the valve flap (s) are made of flexible material.
- the internal stress or the degree of bendability (flexibility) of the valve can be determined by the modulus of elasticity and / or by the dimensions orthogonal to the bending line or bending plane of the valve sections or valve components, wherein an increase in the modulus of elasticity or an increase in the dimension reduces the bendability and conversely, a reduction in the modulus of elasticity or a reduction in size increases the flexibility.
- the valve body and / or the at least one valve flap may also be coupled to a stabilizing element or stiffening element.
- the stabilizing element or stiffening element consists of a first material and the valve or the valve body and / or the at least one valve of one second material, wherein the modulus of elasticity of the first material is greater than the modulus of elasticity of the second material.
- valve body is arranged in a valve seat surrounding it like a ring or a ring, which consists of the first material.
- valve flaps may have a sealing lip.
- the areas of the valve touching one another during closing therefore form sealing areas or the actual valve seal.
- the at least one valve undergoes a pressure point at the transition from the closed to the open state of the valve or at the transition from the open to the closed state of the valve due to the deformation of the valve, in which the potential energy stored in the valve maximum is.
- the valve flaps are initially a first state of equilibrium, in which they close the valve opening without bias. You can then go into a second state of equilibrium, in which they are again without bias, but release the valve opening.
- the valve flaps can be under a bias in the closed and / or opened state.
- an actuator or actuator is necessary to deflect the valve flaps from the equilibrium state.
- the pressure point of maximum energy can be achieved, for example, by the valve experiencing an initially increasing and, after overcoming the pressure point, decreasing compression or compression along the bending line or bending plane when it is deflected from the closed to the open state.
- the maximum potential energy is then predominantly in the form of compression energy.
- the deformation of the valve may be, for example, an everting of a valve flap from a concave shape of the valve flap to a convex shape of the valve flap.
- the object underlying the invention is further achieved by a pressure generating means for dispensing a flowable mass (M), in particular a liquid mass with suspended solid particles, comprising a valve as described above.
- the pressure generating means is particularly suitable for installation in a casting machine.
- the pressure to deliver the masses can be generated in many different ways.
- the mass may be in a container communicating with a source of pressure, for example a pressurized gas source, a stamper, a diaphragm or a pressure screw, and driven directly through an outlet opening due to pressure.
- a source of pressure for example a pressurized gas source, a stamper, a diaphragm or a pressure screw, and driven directly through an outlet opening due to pressure.
- the mass can also first reach a metering chamber.
- the mass passes at discharge at least one valve as described above.
- a further pressure generating means which is suitable for installation in a casting machine as described above and in particular has at least one valve as described above. It has a variable chamber volume metering chamber and at least one metering chamber outlet valve and a metering chamber inlet valve, wherein the metering chamber inlet valve is disposed in fluid communication between the bulk container volume and the metering chamber volume. At least one outlet and one inlet valve each have a valve body with a valve opening and at least one valve flap associated with the valve opening, which is articulated on the valve body and seals the respective valve opening.
- the closing and / or opening behavior of the valves differ.
- valve flap of the inlet and the valve flap of the exhaust valve have different closing forces.
- valve flap or flaps of the inlet valve and the valve flap or flaps of the outlet valve are exposed to different sized biases, which press the valve flap against the valve opening.
- the higher closing forces of the respective valves in addition by means of an external, only or predominantly during the closing phase acting on the valve flap force can be generated.
- valve flaps is promoted by means of an additional force acting only or predominantly during the opening phase.
- the outlet valve closes the casting machines from the environment, while the inlet valve forms the fluid connection between the mass container and the dosing chamber. While the inlet valve determines the dosing accuracy of the dosing chamber, the outlet valve ensures the dosing accuracy of the delivered mass and the prevention of environmental contamination. Premature leakage and dripping of mass from the outlet valve are undesirable.
- the closing requirement on the outlet valve is therefore generally higher than on the inlet valve.
- the valve flap or the valve flaps of the exhaust valve are exposed to a higher bias voltage than that of the inlet valve.
- the valve flap of at least one valve, preferably the inlet valve close the valve opening in the unpressurized state without pretensioning.
- the pressure generating means is a pump whose operation has a suction stroke and a discharge stroke.
- variable chamber volume metering chamber, the metering chamber outlet valve and the metering chamber inlet valve together form a metering unit.
- mass enters the dosing chamber via the open inlet valve with the outlet valve closed
- mass passes out of the dosing chamber via the open outlet valve with the inlet valve closed eg to be poured in molds, in alveoli or on a conveyor belt.
- the pressure generating means may comprise a hermetically sealable and communicating with a pressure source mass container.
- a pressure source a source of compressed gas, in particular a compressed air source can be used.
- the pressure generating means may have a hermetically sealable mass container with variable mass container volume. This allows a metering in the metering chamber causing or at least supporting pressure generation in the mass container by reducing the mass container volume.
- the valve passage direction of the at least one metering chamber outlet valve preferably extends from the metering chamber volume to the atmosphere surrounding the casting machine and the valve passage direction of the metering chamber inlet valve from the mass container volume to the metering chamber volume.
- the metering chamber has a plurality of metering chamber outlet valves and only one metering chamber inlet valve.
- the dosing chamber may have a plurality of dosing chamber outlet valves and a plurality of dosing chamber inlet valves.
- the number of metering chamber outlet valves and the number of metering chamber inlet valves may be equal to one metering chamber, it being expedient for each metering chamber outlet valve to be assigned a metering chamber inlet valve.
- the casting machine or its pressure generating means has a plurality of metering chambers, wherein preferably each metering chamber has a metering chamber outlet valve and a metering chamber inlet valve.
- each metering chamber has a metering chamber outlet valve and a metering chamber inlet valve.
- a multiplicity of metering chambers can be arranged in parallel in the casting machine, as a result of which a high throughput can be achieved.
- the respective chamber volumes of each of the metering chambers are coupled to each other variable.
- a casting machine which comprises a mass container for receiving the flowable mass.
- the casting machine has at least one valve in fluid communication with the mass container interior, the valve being in an open state along its valve passage direction in the presence of a pressure gradient, and in the absence of this pressure gradient along its valve direction is in a closed state.
- the casting machine further comprises a pressure generating means for generating a pressure gradient along the valve passage direction of the valve.
- the valve is according to the invention as described above, a Giessmaschi- nenventil having a valve body with a valve opening and at least one of the valve opening associated valve flap, which is hinged to the valve body and the valve port seals in the unpressurized state without bias.
- the object is further achieved by a casting machine with a pressure generating means as described above.
- Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a dosing unit of the pressure generating means according to the invention in a first operating phase
- Fig. 2 shows the dosing unit in a second phase of operation
- Fig. 3 shows the dosing unit in a third phase of operation
- Fig. 4 shows the dosing unit in a fourth phase of operation
- Fig. 5 shows the dosing unit in a fifth phase of operation
- Fig. 6 shows the dosing unit in the sixth operating phase
- FIG. 7 shows the pressure conditions during operation of the dosing unit on the basis of the dosing unit
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a casting machine cut along a vertical plane according to the invention, wherein the metering unit described in FIGS. 1 to 7 forms part of the pressure generating means or the casting machine;
- FIG. Fig. 9 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the valve according to the invention.
- Fig. 10 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the valve according to the invention.
- Fig. 11 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the valve according to the invention.
- Fig. 12 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the valve according to the invention.
- Fig. 13 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the valve according to the invention.
- Fig. 14A is a further embodiment of the valve according to the invention considered substantially opposite to the valve passage direction;
- FIG. 14B is the embodiment of the valve according to the invention in FIG. 14A, which is substantially rectified with respect to the valve passage direction; FIG.
- Fig. 15A is a further embodiment of the valve according to the invention which is considered substantially opposite to the valve passage direction;
- Fig. 15B is the embodiment of the valve according to the invention, substantially rectified to the valve passage direction, according to Fig. 15A;
- Fig. 16A is a further embodiment of the valve according to the invention, substantially opposite to the valve passage direction;
- 17B is a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of the valve according to the invention with opened valve flaps.
- FIG. 1 has a lower valve block 3 and an upper valve block 4.
- the dosing unit 3, 4 is an essential part of the pressure generating means according to the invention.
- the lower valve block 3 contains a multiplicity of subordinate and mutually parallel lower valve channels 5 whose cross-section is preferably circular.
- Each of the lower valve channels 5 is bounded by a channel wall 31, which is preferably cylindrical.
- a lower valve 32 At the lower end of a lower valve channel 5 is a lower valve 32, and at the upper end of a lower valve channel 5 is an upper valve 42.
- Volume V is variable and is formed by a variable portion of the lower valve channel 5.
- the upper valve block 4 also contains a plurality of side by side arranged and mutually parallel upper valve channels 6, whose cross-sectional shape of the cross-sectional shape of the lower valve channels 5 corresponds, preferably therefore also is circular.
- Each of the lower valve channels 5 is bounded by a channel wall 31, which is preferably cylindrical.
- At the lower end of an upper valve channel 6 is an upper valve 42, and at the upper end, each upper valve channel 6 is connected to a bulk container 2 (see Fig. 8).
- the inner wall of a lower valve channel 5 corresponds to the outer cross-section of an upper valve channel 6.
- Each upper valve channel 6 is inside a lower valve channel 5 along the common Axis X of the channels 5 and 6 displaceable.
- An annular seal 43 which is mounted as a sealing ring 43 in an annular groove in the outer surface of the channel wall 41, ensures a sealing of the metering chamber 7 and prevents pourable mass between the channel wall 31 and the channel wall 41 to propagate and uncontrolled from the metering chamber. 7 can escape.
- the annular seal may also be formed as an annular bead (not shown) integral with the channel wall 41.
- a plurality of axially spaced sealing rings 43 or annular beads (not shown) may be provided on the channel wall 41.
- the lower valve 32 is formed of an elastic material. If there is a sufficiently small pressure difference between the metering chamber 7 and the ambient (atmosphere) at the lower valve 32, i. if a minimum valve pressure difference is not exceeded, the elastic material of the valve remains substantially undeformed and the lower valve 32 remains closed. Only when the minimum valve pressure difference is exceeded, the lower valve 32 opens.
- the upper valve 42 is also formed of an elastic material. If there is a sufficiently small pressure difference between the valve channel 6 and the metering chamber 5 at the upper valve 42, i. if a minimum valve pressure difference is not exceeded, the elastic material of the valve remains substantially undeformed and the upper valve 42 remains closed. Only when the minimum valve pressure difference is exceeded, the upper valve 42 opens.
- FIG. 1 shows the first phase of a casting cycle of the metering unit 3, 4.
- the upper valve block 4 or each of the upper valve channels 6 is pulled out of the lower valve block 3 or from the respective lower valve channel 5 as far along the axis X, as it corresponds to the required dosing volume.
- the upper valve block 4 is located at the end of the intake stroke and rests with respect to the lower valve block 3.
- the volume V of the metering chamber 7 assumes its maximum value.
- Each upper valve channel 6 and each lower valve channel 5 is filled with pourable mass M, which is sufficiently viscous that it comes to rest almost immediately after suction. This is also the beginning of the ejection stroke.
- the lower valve 32 and the upper valve 42 are closed.
- the mass M is at rest.
- Fig. 2 shows the second phase of the casting cycle.
- the valve block 4 or each of the upper valve channels 6 is pushed into the lower valve block 3 or into the respective lower valve channel 5 along the axis X.
- the upper valve 42 is closed, and the lower valve 32 is open.
- the mass M in the metering chamber 7 is ejected from the decreasing volume V of the metering chamber through the lower valve 32.
- the upper valve block 4 is located at a position within the exhaust stroke and moves with respect to the lower valve block 3.
- Each upper valve port 6 and each lower valve port 5 is filled with mass M which moves during the exhaust stroke.
- Fig. 3 shows the third phase of the casting cycle.
- the upper valve block 4 or each of the upper valve channels 6 is pushed into the lower valve block 3 or into the respective lower valve channel 5 almost as far along the axis X as corresponds to the required metering volume.
- the upper valve 42 is closed, and the lower valve 32 is still open.
- the mass M in the metering chamber 7 is further expelled through the lower valve 32.
- the upper valve block 4 is located shortly before the end of the Ausstosshubes and still moves with respect to the lower valve block 3.
- the volume V of the metering chamber 7 has reached almost its minimum value.
- Each upper valve channel 6 and each lower valve channel 5 is filled with mass M.
- Fig. 4 shows the fourth phase of the casting cycle.
- the upper valve block 4 or each of the upper valve channels 6 is pulled out of the lower valve block 3 and out of the respective lower valve channel 5 along the axis X.
- the upper valve 42 is open, and the lower valve 32 is closed.
- the mass M is sucked through the upper valve 42 into the increasing volume V of the metering chamber 7.
- the upper valve block 4 is located at a position within the intake stroke and moves with respect to the lower valve block 3.
- the volume V of the metering chamber 7 is increased yourself.
- Each upper valve channel 6 and each lower valve channel 5 is filled with mass M, which moves during the intake stroke.
- Fig. 5 shows the fifth phase of the casting cycle.
- the upper valve block 4 or each of the upper valve channels 6 is pulled out of the lower valve block 3 or from the respective lower valve channel 5 almost as far along the axis X as corresponds to the required metering volume.
- the upper valve 42 is still open, and the lower valve 32 is still closed.
- the mass M is further drawn through the upper valve 42 into the increasing volume V of the metering chamber 7.
- the upper valve block 4 is located shortly before the end of the intake stroke and still moves with respect to the lower valve block 3.
- the volume V of the metering chamber 7 has almost reached its maximum value.
- Each upper valve channel 6 and each lower valve channel 5 is filled with mass M.
- Fig. 6 shows the sixth phase of the casting cycle of the dosing unit 3, 4.
- the upper valve block 4 and each of the upper valve channels 6 is pulled out of the lower valve block 3 and from the respective lower valve channel 5 as far along the axis X, as it corresponds to the required dosing volume.
- the upper valve block 4 is located at the end of the intake stroke and rests with respect to the lower valve block 3.
- the volume V of the metering chamber 7 again assumes its maximum value.
- Each upper valve channel 6 and each lower valve channel 5 is filled with mass M. This is also the beginning of the Ausstosshubes (see Fig. 1).
- the lower valve 32 and the upper valve 42 are closed.
- the mass M is at rest.
- Fig. 7A shows the pressure conditions at the end of the intake stroke and at the beginning of the discharge stroke.
- the upper valve block 4 rests with respect to the lower valve block 3.
- the mass M also rests.
- Fig. 7B shows the pressure conditions during the discharge stroke.
- the upper valve block 4 moves downwardly with respect to the lower valve block 3.
- the pressure P1 in the metering chamber 7 formed by the lower valve channel 5 is greater than the pressure P2 in the upper valve channel 6 (P1> P2).
- the upper valve 42 is closed.
- the pressure P1 in the metering chamber 7 is greater than the atmospheric pressure PO.
- the lower valve 32 is open.
- Fig. 7C shows the pressure conditions during the suction stroke.
- the upper valve block 4 moves upwardly with respect to the lower valve block 3.
- the pressure P1 in the metering chamber 7 formed by the lower valve channel 5 is smaller than the pressure P2 in the upper valve channel 6 (P1 ⁇ P2).
- the upper valve 42 is open.
- the pressure P1 in the metering chamber 7 is smaller than the atmospheric pressure PO.
- the lower valve 32 is closed.
- Fig. 7D shows the pressure conditions towards the end of the intake stroke.
- the upper valve block 4 still moves with respect to the lower valve block 3.
- the pressure P1 in the metering chamber 7 formed by the lower valve channel 5 is still smaller than the pressure P2 in the upper valve channel 6 (P1 ⁇ P2).
- the upper valve 42 is still open.
- the pressure P1 in the metering chamber 7 is smaller than the atmospheric pressure PO.
- the lower valve 32 is still closed.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a casting machine 1 cut along a vertical plane, wherein the metering unit 3, 4 described in FIGS. 1 to 7 forms part of the casting machine 1.
- the casting machine 1 comprises from top to bottom arranged substantially three elements, namely a mass container 2, an upper valve block 4 with upper valves 42 and a lower valve block 3 with lower valves 32nd
- the upper valve block 4 is here plate-shaped and connected at its upper side with the mass container 2 and at its underside with a plurality of cylindrical upper valve channels 6, each extending normal to the flat bottom of the upper valve block 4 and each by a cylindrical channel wall 41st are formed. At their lower end they each have an upper valve 42.
- the bottom of the mass container 2 contains a plurality of holes 21, each of which opens into one of the upper valve channels 6.
- the lower valve block 3 is here formed by a lower plate 3a and an upper plate 3b, which are aligned parallel to the upper valve block 4 and the bottom of the mass container 2.
- the two plates 3a and 3b have a plurality of holes to which they are connected via a plurality of cylindrical lower valve passages 5 extending in a web-like manner from the location of one of the holes in the plates 3a and 3b between the lower plate 3a and the upper plate 3b and each formed by a cylindrical channel wall 31.
- the lower valve block 3 thus consists of a rigid unit, which is formed by the lower plate 3 a, the upper plate 3 b and the plurality of web-like lower valve channels 5. At its lower end, each lower valve channel 5 has a lower valve 32.
- the lower valve block 3 and the upper valve block 4 are slidably mounted to each other.
- the sliding bearing is formed by the plurality of cylindrical channel walls 41 of the upper valve channels 6 and the plurality of cylindrical channel walls 31 of the lower valve channels 5, wherein the outer wall of a respective valve channel wall 41 abuts against the inner wall of a respective valve channel wall 31 and along the respective cylinder axis X, the concentric cylinder channel walls 31, 41 can slide relative to each other.
- each of the metering chambers 7 there is a vibrating element 11, via which vibrations can be introduced into the mass to be poured.
- the vibro-elements 11 are in the form of rods which extend transversely through each metering chamber 7 or each lower valve channel 5 and are mounted in the valve channel wall 31.
- FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of a valve 50 according to the invention.
- the valve 50 has a flat main body 51 of an elastic material, in particular of elastomeric material, with a circular plan view along the valve axis or the valve passage direction.
- the main body 51 is convexly curved in the valve passage direction and is traversed by a slot 52 extending through the surface center of the valve 50.
- an approximately crescent-shaped valve flap 53 is defined on each side of the slot 52.
- valve 50 shown in perspective in FIG. 9 corresponds to the valves 32 and 42 shown in section in FIGS. 1 to 6.
- FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of another valve 60 according to the invention.
- the valve 60 has a planar main body 61 of an elastic material, in particular of elastomer material, with a circular plan view along the valve axis or the valve passage direction.
- the main body 61 is convexly curved in the valve passage direction and is traversed by a first slot 62 extending through the surface center of the valve 60 and a second slot 63 crossing the first slot in the surface center.
- a total of four valve flaps 64 are defined, which have approximately the shape of a right triangle.
- FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of another valve 70 according to the invention.
- the valve 70 has a flat main body 71 of an elastic material, in particular of elastomer material, with a circular plan view along the valve axis or the valve passage direction.
- the main body 71 is convexly curved in the valve passage direction and is crossed by four slots 72, 73, 74, 75 running through the surface center of the valve 70 and intersecting there.
- By the intersecting slots 72, 73, 74, 75 a total of eight valve flaps 76 are defined, which have approximately the shape of an acute-angled triangle.
- the slots of the valves 50, 60 or 70 can also be a have additional curvature within the planar body 51, 61, 71.
- S-shaped slots (not shown) which are point-symmetrical to the surface center (intersection of the valve axis and flat body) in the base body 51, 61, 71 are arranged.
- FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of a valve 80 according to the invention.
- the valve 80 has a base body 81 made of an elastic material, in particular of elastomeric material, with a circular plan view along the valve axis or the valve passage direction.
- a base body 81 made of an elastic material, in particular of elastomeric material, with a circular plan view along the valve axis or the valve passage direction.
- the main body 81 protrude in the valve-passage two concave valve flaps 83, which abut each other with their ends along a transverse slot 82 and thus form a slotted ridge 84.
- FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of a valve 90 according to the invention.
- Valve 90 has a base body 91 made of an elastic material, in particular made of elastomer matehal, with a circular plan view along the valve axis or the valve passage direction.
- material clusters are provided to prevent cracking from the peripheral slot ends 92a, 93a.
- holes of approximately circular cross-section may be provided on the peripheral slot ends 92a, 93a extending along the serrated slot ends 92a-93a through the diaphragm-like material of the valve 90 and the slot ends 92a , 93a thus take their notch-like character, so that crack growth caused by notch stresses in the membrane material of the valve 90 is prevented.
- FIG. 14A and 14B show a perspective view of a valve 100 according to the invention, wherein FIG. 14A is a view of the valve 100 which is substantially opposite to the valve passage direction, and FIG. 14B is a view of the valve 100 which is substantially rectified with respect to the valve passage direction is.
- the valve 100 has a main body 101 of an elastic material, in particular of elastomeric material, with a circular plan view along the valve axis or the valve passage direction.
- FIG. 15A and 15B show a perspective view of a valve 110 according to the invention, wherein Fig. 15A is a view of the valve 110 substantially opposite to the valve passage direction, and Fig. 15B is a view of the valve 110 substantially rectified with respect to the valve passage direction is.
- the valve 110 has a main body 111 made of an elastic material, in particular made of elastomer material, with a circular plan view along the valve axis or the valve passage direction.
- FIG. 16A and 16B show a perspective view of a valve 120 according to the invention, wherein Fig. 16A is a substantially opposite to the valve passage direction 16 is a viewed view of the valve 120 and FIG. 16B is a view of the valve 120 which is substantially rectified with respect to the valve passage direction.
- the valve 120 has a base body 121 made of an elastic material, in particular made of elastomer material, with a circular plan view along the valve axis or the valve passage direction.
- the converging upper edges of the ridges 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134 protrude from the valve bottom (imaginary plane, which is spanned by the lower edge of the valve body 121) furthest upwards.
- material clusters are provided around one of the peripheral slot ends 122a, 123a, 124a, 125a, 126a, 127a prevent outgoing cracking.
- holes of circular cross-section may be provided at the peripheral slot ends 122a, 123a, 124a, 125a, 126a, 127a along the notch-like slot ends 122a, 123a, 124a, 125a, 126a , 127a extend through the membrane-like material of the valve 120 and thus take their notch-like character to the slot ends 122a, 123a, 124a, 125a, 126a, 127a, so that crack growth caused by notch stresses in the membrane material of the valve 120 is prevented.
- the valve 120 is reminiscent of a circus tent with a lying on sagging beams, poorly stretched and thus sagging tarpaulin.
- a rigid stabilizing ring or clamping ring (not shown) can additionally be pushed, the inner diameter of which is smaller than the outer diameter of a tension-free valve 90, 100 , 110 or 120 and by which the valve 90, 110, 110 or 120 is compressed in the radial direction.
- the term "rigid” should be understood as meaning that the xibility of the stabilizing or clamping ring is significantly lower than that of the valve.
- the valve 90, 100, 110 or 120 receives a bias which, due to the concavity of the valve flaps of these valves, causes these valve flaps to press against each other in the slots.
- This stabilization ring extending in the circumferential direction around the valve 90, 100, 110 or 120 extends over at least a partial section of the axial length of the valve 90, 100, 110 or 120.
- valve 90, 100, 110 or 120 When the stabilizing ring along the axial direction along the valve 90, 100, 110 or 120 is displaceable is particularly advantageous.
- displacement of the stabilizer ring along the axial direction causes a change in the preload in the valve material and thus a change in the contact force of the valve flaps pressed against one another and ultimately a change in the closing force of the valve 90, 110, 110 or 120.
- An axial displacement of the stabilizing ring in the valve passage direction then causes an increase in the closing force.
- An axial displacement of the stabilizing ring opposite to the valve passage direction thereby causes a reduction of the closing force.
- valve flaps are exposed to different bias voltages.
- valves 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120 described and shown herein are preferably made of an elastomeric material.
- stiffening ribs or stiffening nets may be attached to the surfaces or inside the valve material.
- fabric inserts can be used to prevent crack growth or cracking.
- a local valve stiffening is also possible by a locally different thickness of the sheet-like valve material, preferably in the form of surface ribs of valve material.
- the valves can be made in one piece and also provided with an inherent material tension ("frozen" stress state). By such inherent material stresses and / or by a special valve shape, in which a formation and in particular an everting of the valve while overcoming a compression of the valve along the plane of the flat valve body is carried out, the inventive valves can be provided with pressure points.
- FIGS. 17A and 17B Another embodiment of a valve 130 according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B.
- the valve flaps 133 are hinged to the valve body 131 as resilient or spring-mounted elements.
- the valve flaps 133 may be made of spring steel or a suitable plastic.
- the valve flaps 133 lie against one another in the unpressurized state and close the valve opening so that no material can flow out of the interior of the valve body 131.
- the valve flaps 133 may alternatively be arranged to be biased in the closed state and to seal the valve opening.
- valve 130 To open the valve 130 is a plunger 132, which presses the valve flaps 133 in the opening direction, so that the valve flaps 133, as shown in Figure 17B, move away from each other and the valve opening is released.
- either the plunger 132 can move in the direction of the valve flaps 133 or the valve body 131 is used on the plunger 132.
- the plunger 132 is designed as a ring tappet 132 with an inner channel 136.
- the annular channel 136 may contain mass that can only escape from the channel 136 when the valve flaps 133 are opened.
- valve body 131 may also be contained in the ring tappet 132 surrounding annular channel 137 further mass that can flow out of the valve 130, once the valve flaps 133 are once in the open position.
- first mass component in the inner channel 136 and separately a second, different mass component in the annular channel 137 is held. These can be generated virtually simultaneously by the invention. Valves 130 are discharged.
- the first mass component may be a filler or particulate components, such as nut or brittle pieces.
- valve flaps 133 If the plunger 132 is withdrawn again and no further mass flows, the inherent tension of the valve flaps 133 ensures that the valve flaps 133 again assume the closed position shown in FIG. 17A.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
- Check Valves (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2009801446163A CN102209471B (zh) | 2008-11-10 | 2009-10-21 | 浇注机阀门、配量室和浇注机 |
US13/128,307 US20110315024A1 (en) | 2008-11-10 | 2009-10-21 | Casting Machine Valve, Dosing Chamber, and Casting Machine |
RU2011123657/13A RU2011123657A (ru) | 2008-11-10 | 2009-10-21 | Клапан разливочной машины, устройство для создания давления и разливочная машина |
EP09748073A EP2364093A2 (de) | 2008-11-10 | 2009-10-21 | Giessmaschinen-ventil, dosierkammer und giessmaschine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008043604.6 | 2008-11-10 | ||
DE200810043604 DE102008043604A1 (de) | 2008-11-10 | 2008-11-10 | Giessmaschine und Giessmaschinen-Ventil |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010052127A2 true WO2010052127A2 (de) | 2010-05-14 |
WO2010052127A3 WO2010052127A3 (de) | 2010-11-25 |
Family
ID=42062313
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2009/063800 WO2010052127A2 (de) | 2008-11-10 | 2009-10-21 | Giessmaschinen-ventil, dosierkammer und giessmaschine |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110315024A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2364093A2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20110094039A (de) |
CN (1) | CN102209471B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102008043604A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2011123657A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2010052127A2 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103327824A (zh) * | 2011-01-25 | 2013-09-25 | 布勒股份公司 | 浇注机阀门 |
WO2015105023A1 (ja) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-07-16 | 株式会社ナオミ | ノズル、及び流動体吐出装置 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITTV20120098A1 (it) * | 2012-05-25 | 2013-11-26 | Hausbrandt Trieste 1892 Spa | Dispositivo per la preparazione di una bevanda |
IT201900006833A1 (it) * | 2019-05-14 | 2020-11-14 | Soremartec Sa | Gruppo erogatore per una macchina dosatrice di creme alimentari |
WO2021090348A1 (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2021-05-14 | Madanat Sahar | A material dispensing device |
Citations (7)
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DE1193692B (de) * | 1962-09-14 | 1965-05-26 | Karl Rinderle | Dosiervorrichtung mit oder ohne Beschickungsanlage |
EP0610724A2 (de) * | 1993-02-11 | 1994-08-17 | Asept International Ab | Spender |
DE29905283U1 (de) * | 1998-07-07 | 1999-06-10 | Lich-Gömmer, Ingeborg, 35394 Gießen | Gerät zum Portionieren pastöser, schwer dosierbarer Stoffe |
DE102006004690A1 (de) * | 2006-01-31 | 2007-08-02 | Bühler AG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Giessen von Verzehrprodukten |
DE102007024028A1 (de) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-11-27 | Bühler AG | Vorrichtung zum Giessen von Verzehrprodukten |
DE102008001323A1 (de) * | 2008-04-22 | 2009-10-29 | Bühler AG | Giessmaschine und Giessmaschinen-Ventil |
DE102008001371A1 (de) * | 2008-04-24 | 2009-10-29 | Bühler AG | Giessmaschine und Giessmaschinen-Module |
Family Cites Families (12)
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CH672620A5 (de) * | 1986-10-14 | 1989-12-15 | Billy Ljungcrantz | |
US4892232A (en) * | 1988-07-25 | 1990-01-09 | Martin James H | Unit dose dispenser |
US5085351A (en) * | 1990-11-05 | 1992-02-04 | Martin James H | Adjustable dose dispenser |
US5307736A (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1994-05-03 | Sorensen Richard H | Food cooking |
US5485779A (en) * | 1993-07-08 | 1996-01-23 | Evans; John P. | Device for selectively pressurizing or evacuating a chamber with an oscillating air source by metering air through a valve system and a device for drawing into, retaining and evacuating material from a chamber |
US5484088A (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1996-01-16 | Martin; James H. | Presettable indexed adjustable dose dispenser |
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US6666130B2 (en) * | 2001-04-06 | 2003-12-23 | Keurig, Incorporated | Baffle operated liquid heating and dispensing system for a single serve beverage brewer |
WO2004014567A1 (en) * | 2002-08-06 | 2004-02-19 | Glaxo Group Limited | A dispenser |
US20030141322A1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2003-07-31 | Joseph Groeger | Valve assembly for metered dose dispensers |
PL1615003T3 (pl) * | 2004-07-09 | 2015-02-27 | Soremartec Sa | Maszyna do dozowania kroplami |
US8459509B2 (en) * | 2006-05-25 | 2013-06-11 | Sakura Finetek U.S.A., Inc. | Fluid dispensing apparatus |
-
2008
- 2008-11-10 DE DE200810043604 patent/DE102008043604A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-10-21 EP EP09748073A patent/EP2364093A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-10-21 KR KR1020117013102A patent/KR20110094039A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-10-21 US US13/128,307 patent/US20110315024A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-10-21 WO PCT/EP2009/063800 patent/WO2010052127A2/de active Application Filing
- 2009-10-21 RU RU2011123657/13A patent/RU2011123657A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-10-21 CN CN2009801446163A patent/CN102209471B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE1193692B (de) * | 1962-09-14 | 1965-05-26 | Karl Rinderle | Dosiervorrichtung mit oder ohne Beschickungsanlage |
EP0610724A2 (de) * | 1993-02-11 | 1994-08-17 | Asept International Ab | Spender |
DE29905283U1 (de) * | 1998-07-07 | 1999-06-10 | Lich-Gömmer, Ingeborg, 35394 Gießen | Gerät zum Portionieren pastöser, schwer dosierbarer Stoffe |
DE102006004690A1 (de) * | 2006-01-31 | 2007-08-02 | Bühler AG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Giessen von Verzehrprodukten |
DE102007024028A1 (de) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-11-27 | Bühler AG | Vorrichtung zum Giessen von Verzehrprodukten |
DE102008001323A1 (de) * | 2008-04-22 | 2009-10-29 | Bühler AG | Giessmaschine und Giessmaschinen-Ventil |
DE102008001371A1 (de) * | 2008-04-24 | 2009-10-29 | Bühler AG | Giessmaschine und Giessmaschinen-Module |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103327824A (zh) * | 2011-01-25 | 2013-09-25 | 布勒股份公司 | 浇注机阀门 |
CN103327824B (zh) * | 2011-01-25 | 2015-09-09 | 布勒股份公司 | 浇注机阀门 |
WO2015105023A1 (ja) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-07-16 | 株式会社ナオミ | ノズル、及び流動体吐出装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2364093A2 (de) | 2011-09-14 |
CN102209471B (zh) | 2013-12-04 |
WO2010052127A3 (de) | 2010-11-25 |
CN102209471A (zh) | 2011-10-05 |
RU2011123657A (ru) | 2012-12-20 |
US20110315024A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
DE102008043604A1 (de) | 2010-05-12 |
KR20110094039A (ko) | 2011-08-19 |
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