WO2009125736A1 - 粒状金属鉄の製造方法 - Google Patents
粒状金属鉄の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009125736A1 WO2009125736A1 PCT/JP2009/057050 JP2009057050W WO2009125736A1 WO 2009125736 A1 WO2009125736 A1 WO 2009125736A1 JP 2009057050 W JP2009057050 W JP 2009057050W WO 2009125736 A1 WO2009125736 A1 WO 2009125736A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/008—Use of special additives or fluxing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0046—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes making metallised agglomerates or iron oxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/006—Starting from ores containing non ferrous metallic oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/10—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in hearth-type furnaces
- C21B13/105—Rotary hearth-type furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/54—Processes yielding slags of special composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/076—Use of slags or fluxes as treating agents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing granular metallic iron, and more specifically, a raw material mixture containing at least an iron oxide-containing substance and a carbonaceous reducing agent is directly reduced by heating in a heating reduction furnace to produce granular metallic iron. It is about how to do.
- the direct reduction iron manufacturing method is a raw material mixture containing an iron oxide-containing substance and a carbonaceous reducing agent such as coal or coke (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a carbonaceous material) (or a simple molded body obtained by compacting the mixture, While the pellets and briquettes are molded into the hearth of a moving hearth-type heating reduction furnace (for example, a rotary hearth furnace), the raw material mixture moves through the furnace.
- a carbonaceous reducing agent such as coal or coke
- the iron oxide in the raw material mixture is directly reduced with a carbonaceous reductant by heating with heat or radiant heat from a heating burner, and the resulting metal iron (reduced iron) is subsequently carburized and melted, and then slag is formed as a by-product And then agglomerated in a granular form while being separated and then cooled and solidified to produce granular metallic iron (reduced iron).
- the direct reduction iron manufacturing method does not require large-scale facilities such as a blast furnace, and therefore, research for practical application has been actively conducted recently.
- problems that must be further improved, including operational stability, safety, economy, and quality of granular metallic iron (product) (for example, purity of granular metallic iron). .
- One of the problems is to improve the productivity of granular metallic iron. This is because even if the direct reduction iron manufacturing method can save space compared to conventional iron manufacturing methods such as the blast furnace method, it is impossible to carry out the direct reduction iron manufacturing method on an industrial scale if productivity is poor.
- the raw material mixture charged on the hearth of the moving hearth type heating reduction furnace dissolves in a short time, and the granular metallic iron per unit time is dissolved.
- the production amount is increased, and the resulting granular metallic iron has high cohesiveness (in other words, the Fe yield obtained by agglomerating and obtaining granular metallic iron is higher than the amount of Fe blended in the raw material mixture. Is required).
- iron ore As the iron oxide-containing substance. It is known that iron ores are mainly classified into two types: hematite ores and magnetite ores.
- the hematite ore is an ore mainly composed of trivalent hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ), and the magnetite ore is composed of bivalent wustite (FeO) and trivalent hematite (FeO). Fe 2 O 3 ).
- the production of hematite ore in the total production of iron ore is about 80 to 90%, and the production of magnetite ore is about 10 to 20%. Therefore, iron ore usually contains hematite in many cases.
- the productivity of granular metallic iron varies greatly depending on the type of iron oxide-containing material to be blended in the raw material mixture. Specifically, only hematite ore is used as the iron oxide-containing material in the raw material mixture. When used, it was found that productivity was inferior compared to the case of using only magnetite ore.
- productivity in the conventional direct reduction iron manufacturing method, attention is not paid to the types of iron oxide-containing substances, and even if referring to Patent Documents 1 to 4, the productivity depends on the types of iron oxide-containing substances to be blended in the raw material mixture. There is nothing written about changing.
- the iron oxide-containing material contains hematite ore, which occupies most of the iron ore, the establishment of technology that can produce granular metallic iron with high productivity is possible, as in the case where the iron oxide-containing material consists only of magnetite ore. desired.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and its purpose is to produce granular metallic iron by a direct reduction iron manufacturing method, when the iron oxide-containing substance in the raw material mixture contains a hematite-containing substance.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing granular metallic iron with high productivity.
- One aspect of the present invention is to charge a raw material mixture containing an iron oxide-containing material, a carbonaceous reducing agent, and a Li 2 O supply material into a heating reduction furnace and heat the iron oxide in the raw material mixture.
- a method for producing granular metallic iron by reducing it with an agent and agglomerating it into granular particles while separating the produced metallic iron from by-product slag, followed by cooling and solidifying, wherein the iron oxide-containing substance is a hematite-containing substance.
- the slag contains CaO, MgO, SiO 2 and Li 2 O, the Li 2 O content in the slag is 0.05% by mass or more, and the basicity of the slag [( This is a method for producing granular metallic iron containing at least Fe, Ca, Mg, Si and Li as component elements such that (CaO + MgO) / SiO 2 ] falls within the range of 1.5 to 1.9.
- a raw material mixture containing an iron oxide-containing substance and a carbonaceous reducing agent and a Li 2 O supply substance are charged in a heating reduction furnace and heated to oxidize the raw material mixture.
- a method for producing granular metallic iron by reducing iron with the carbonaceous reducing agent and aggregating the produced metallic iron into granular particles while separating them from by-product slag, followed by cooling and solidifying, and containing the iron oxide material comprises a hematite-containing material, the slag CaO, MgO, together containing SiO 2 and Li 2 O, Li 2 O content of the slag is 0.05 mass% or more, basicity of the slag [ (CaO + MgO) / SiO 2 ] falls within a range of 1.5 to 1.9, and one of the raw material mixture and the Li 2 O supply substance is at least of Fe, Ca, Mg, Si and Li. Contains one element Containing the element, the other is a method of producing metallic iron nug
- FIG. 1 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing the form of gangue contained in magnetite ore.
- FIG. 2 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing the form of gangue contained in hematite ore.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic explanatory view showing a configuration example of a rotary hearth-type heating reduction furnace.
- the present inventors examined the cause of the difference in productivity of granular metallic iron between the case of using only magnetite ore and the case of using only hematite ore as the iron oxide-containing substance. As a result, it was found that magnetite ore and hematite ore differed in the form of gangue contained in the ore, and this difference affected productivity.
- a gangue is a component other than a mineral containing a useful metal among components constituting an ore (crude ore) mined in a mine, and is usually an oxide such as Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , or CaO. It is composed of
- the gangue contained in the magnetite ore is present in the form of gangue adhering to iron oxide, as shown in the substitute photograph for drawings in FIG.
- the gangue contained in the hematite ore exists in a form in which the gangue is surrounded by iron oxide as shown in the drawing-substituting photograph in FIG.
- the gangue may surround the iron oxide, so the gangue inhibits heat conduction, making it difficult for the iron oxide to rise in temperature, and CO It is considered that the reduction of iron oxide by a reducing gas such as this does not proceed easily.
- Al 2 O 3 has a particularly high melting point. Therefore, when the entire hematite-containing material is 100% by mass, it is contained in the hematite-containing material (hematite ore). If Al 2 O 3 is 0.30% by mass or less, the dissolution of the gangue is hardly affected, but if Al 2 O 3 exceeds 0.30% by mass, the proportion of Al 2 O 3 in the gangue is It became clear that the gangue became difficult to dissolve because it became larger.
- the present inventors said that if the gangue in the hematite ore can be quickly dissolved, the melting time of the raw material mixture charged in the heating reduction furnace can be shortened, and productivity may be improved. Based on the idea, further studies were made. As a result, if the Li 2 O content in the slag produced as a by-product by actively blending the Li 2 O supply substance into the raw material mixture is 0.05% by mass or more, the melting point of the gangue contained in the hematite ore is reduced. It was found that the productivity of granular metallic iron can be improved.
- the raw material mixture contains a Li 2 O supply substance, or the raw material mixture and the Li 2 O supply substance are heated and reduced so that the Li 2 O content in the by-product slag is 0.05% by mass or more.
- the furnace By charging the furnace, dissolution of hematite ore is promoted.
- part of the reduced iron is taken into the by-product slag and discharged out of the system as slag. As a result, the yield of granular metallic iron is deteriorated and productivity is deteriorated.
- the present inventors have further studied to increase the yield of granular metallic iron and further improve the productivity without hindering the dissolution promoting effect of the hematite ore by blending the Li 2 O supply substance.
- the Li 2 O content in the slag produced as a by-product is 0.05% by mass or more, and the basicity [(CaO + MgO) / SiO 2 ] of the slag falls within the range of 1.5 to 1.9.
- the raw material mixture contains at least Fe, Ca, Mg, Si and Li as component elements, that is, the Li 2 O content in the by-product slag is set to 0.05% by mass or more, and the raw material mixture
- the present invention includes (1) adding the Li 2 O supply substance to the raw material mixture, or charging the Li 2 O supply substance into the heating reduction furnace, and adjusting the mixing amount or the charge amount.
- the Li 2 O content in the slag produced is 0.05 mass% or more, and (2) a CaO supply material, MgO supply material contained in the raw material mixture or other charge charged into the heating reduction furnace, and
- the amount of the SiO 2 supply substance By adjusting the amount of the SiO 2 supply substance, the basicity [(CaO + MgO) / SiO 2 ] of the slag determined from the contents of CaO, MgO and SiO 2 in the slag is 1.5 to 1.9.
- Li 2 O in the slag acts as a melting point depressant for the hematite-containing substance
- CaO, MgO and SiO 2 in the slag having basicity within the above range in the presence of Li 2 O are Acts as a fluidity improver for slag.
- the iron oxide-containing substance contains a hematite-containing substance.
- the hematite-containing substance used in the present invention is an iron oxide source made of hematite ore. Microscopically, it is an iron oxide source containing iron oxide surrounded by gangue. Accordingly, as the iron oxide-containing material, for example, a material consisting only of hematite ore (hematite-containing material), a material consisting of hematite ore and magnetite ore, hematite ore and magnetite ore, and these may be used. You may use what consists of iron oxide sources other than an ore. Further, for example, an intermediate between hematite ore and magnetite ore may be used as the iron oxide-containing substance.
- the content of the hematite-containing material in the entire iron oxide-containing material is not particularly limited.
- the solubility of the entire raw material mixture is deteriorated and productivity is lowered. And productivity increases further, so that the ratio which a hematite ore accounts is large.
- the present invention can secure high productivity even if hematite ore is contained in the raw material mixture, the effect of the present invention becomes more remarkable as the ratio of hematite ore increases.
- the ratio of the hematite-containing substance is preferably approximately 50% by mass or more, and more preferably 80% by mass or more when the entire iron oxide-containing substance is 100% by mass.
- Al 2 O 3 may generally contain 0.30% by mass or more when the entire hematite-containing material is 100% by mass. Since Al 2 O 3 has a particularly high melting point, in the case of the conventional direct reduction iron making method, if hematite ore containing 0.30% by mass or more of Al 2 O 3 is used as the iron oxide-containing substance, the gangue component dissolves. It becomes difficult and the dissolution time of the raw material mixture becomes longer.
- LiO 2 acts as a melting point lowering agent for hematite-containing substances, so that the dissolution time of the raw material mixture becomes relatively short, and the production amount of granular metallic iron per unit time is relatively To increase. Therefore, when hematite ore containing a large amount of Al 2 O 3 is used (for example, when the content of Al 2 O 3 when the entire hematite-containing material is 100% by mass, preferably 0.40% by mass or more, More preferably, it is effective in improving the productivity of 1.0% by mass or more.
- the Li 2 O content in the slag produced as a by-product when the raw material mixture is reduced by heating is set to 0.05% by mass or more.
- LiO 2 in the slag is effective as a melting point lowering agent for the hematite-containing material, and the melting point of the gangue in the hematite-containing material is sufficiently lowered by controlling the Li 2 O content in the slag to the above range.
- the amount of Li 2 O contained in the generated slag is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.3% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the Li 2 O content contained in the generated slag is preferably 12% by mass or less, more preferably 11% by mass or less, and still more preferably 10% by mass or less.
- the Li 2 O content in the slag can be controlled by adjusting the amount of the Li 2 O supply substance blended in the raw material mixture. It can also be controlled by adjusting the amount of Li 2 O supply material separately charged into the heating and reducing furnace.
- the blending amount and charging amount of the Li 2 O supply substance are preferably adjusted appropriately according to the content and form of the gangue, and specifically, the ratio of the hematite-containing substance in the iron oxide-containing substance It is preferable to make adjustments in consideration of the type thereof (particularly, the component composition).
- the Li 2 O supply substance used in the present invention is charged in a heating / reduction furnace alone or in a mixed state with other substances (for example, a raw material mixture), and is by-produced in the heat reduction process of the raw material mixture. It is a substance that supplies Li 2 O to slag.
- the type of the Li 2 O supply material is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include Li 2 O and lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ). Li 2 O is preferably used because the melting point lowering effect of gangue in the iron oxide-containing material is particularly large.
- the experiment was performed by mixing the raw material mixture with the Li 2 O supply substance, but other alkali metal oxides belonging to the same alkali metal as Li (for example, Na 2 O or K 2 O). Etc.) alone or in combination may be incorporated into the raw material mixture.
- Alkali metal oxides other than Li 2 O also have a melting point lowering effect of gangue in the iron oxide-containing material, and lower the melting point of the iron oxide-containing material in the same manner as when Li 2 O is blended. It is. Therefore, instead of the Li 2 O supply substance, Na 2 O supply substance (single or mixed with other substances in the heating and reduction furnace is added to the slag by-produced in the process of heating and reducing the raw material mixture.
- K 2 O-supplied substance or K 2 O-supplied substance (alone or in a mixed state with other substances) is charged into the heat reduction furnace, and K 2 O is added to the slag by-produced during the heat reduction process of the raw material mixture. (Substance to be supplied) may be used.
- Li oxide is less likely to be reduced than Na oxide and K oxide, it is difficult to evaporate as Li metal and is practical, so Li 2 O is preferable among alkali metal oxides.
- the basicity [(CaO + MgO) / SiO 2 ] of the slag is in the range of 1.5 to 1.9.
- the reason why the upper limit of slag basicity is set to 1.9 is mainly due to the productivity of reduced iron. That is, from the viewpoint of lowering the melting point of the slag, the basicity of the slag may be increased from 1.9, thereby further reducing the melting point of the final slag.
- the basicity of the slag is preferably adjusted to 1.85 or less.
- the lower limit of slag basicity was set to 1.5 because the slag fluidity deteriorates when the basicity is lower than this, and even if the reduction potential of the atmosphere can be maintained sufficiently high, the reduction reaction This is because the reduced granular metallic iron cannot be obtained.
- the basicity is preferably 1.6 or more, and more preferably 1.65 or more.
- the present invention provides an iron oxide-containing material containing a hematite-containing material, a raw material mixture containing a carbonaceous reducing agent and a Li 2 O supply material, or an iron oxide-containing material and carbon containing a hematite-containing material.
- a raw material mixture containing a reductant and a Li 2 O supply substance are charged into a heating reduction furnace and heated to reduce to produce granular metallic iron, in which by-product slag is CaO, MgO, SiO 2 and containing Li 2 O, the content of Li 2 O in said slag above a predetermined value, the basicity of the slag [(CaO + MgO) / SiO 2] as a falls within a predetermined range, the raw material mixture component element Containing at least Fe, Ca, Mg, Si and Li, or one of the raw material mixture and the Li 2 O supply substance is less than Fe, Ca, Mg, Si and Li. Both are characterized in that one element is contained as a component element and the other contains at least the remaining element as a component element, but the MgO content in the slag is preferably 4 to 10% by mass.
- MgO in the slag also has an effect of lowering the melting point of the hematite-containing material, like LiO 2 described above.
- controlling the MgO content in the slag within the above range increases the productivity of reduced iron. If the MgO content in the slag is 4% by mass or more, crystallization of the composite oxide represented by 2CaO ⁇ SiO 2 in the slag is suppressed at a normal operating temperature, and the fluidity of the slag is increased. Cohesiveness of reduced iron is improved. Therefore, the MgO content is preferably 4% by mass or more. More preferably, it is 4.5 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 5 mass% or more.
- the amount of MgO in the slag is preferably 10% by mass or less.
- the upper limit with more preferable MgO content is 9.5 mass%, and a more preferable upper limit is 9.0 mass%.
- the basicity of the slag and the amount of MgO in the slag can be controlled by adjusting the amounts of the iron oxide-containing substance and the carbonaceous reducing agent constituting the raw material mixture. This is because the iron oxide-containing substance and the carbonaceous reducing agent themselves contain at least CaO, MgO, and SiO 2 .
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described method of adjusting the ratio of the raw material mixture, and as described later, “other MgO supply substance” is further blended in the raw material mixture, and the basicity of the slag and the slag The amount of MgO may be controlled (details will be described later).
- iron ore blended as an iron oxide-containing substance, coal and coke blended as a carbonaceous reducing agent are natural products, and the contents of CaO, MgO, and SiO 2 vary depending on the type, although it is difficult to prescribe the amount of these ingredients uniformly, it is difficult to define the composition of the gangue contained in iron ore etc., which is incorporated as an iron oxide-containing substance, and coal, coke, etc., which is incorporated as a carbonaceous reducing agent. It is preferable to adjust appropriately considering the component composition of the ash contained.
- the amount of the iron oxide-containing substance and the carbonaceous reducing agent is adjusted in consideration of the components and the amount of the carbonaceous powder, so that The basicity and the MgO content in the slag are controlled.
- the present invention has the greatest feature in determining the Li 2 O content in the slag produced as a by-product and the basicity of the slag as described above, and is charged onto the hearth as a floor covering material.
- carbonaceous powder is placed on the hearth as a floor covering, the reduction potential in the furnace can be increased more efficiently, improving the metalization rate and sulfur. This is preferable because both actions of reducing the content can be more effectively exhibited.
- the flooring layer becomes a buffer material for the raw material mixture and hearth refractory, or the hearth refractory for by-product slag, etc. It becomes a protective material and helps to extend the life of hearth refractories.
- the raw material mixture may sink into the flooring layer on the hearth and prevent the reduction from proceeding. Is desirable.
- the type of carbonaceous powder used as the flooring material is not particularly limited.
- normal coal or coke is pulverized, preferably with moderately adjusted particle size, and when coal is used, fluidity is low and it may be swollen or sticky on the hearth. No anthracite is preferred.
- the above-mentioned SiO 2 supply substance used in the present invention is slag that is introduced into a heat reduction furnace alone or in a mixed state with other substances (for example, a raw material mixture) and is by-produced during the heat reduction process of the raw material mixture. It is a substance that supplies SiO 2 to the substrate.
- the kind of SiO 2 supply substance is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include hematite ore and coal contained in the raw material mixture.
- the MgO supply substance used in the present invention is slag that is introduced into a heating and reducing furnace alone or in a mixed state with other substances (for example, a raw material mixture) and formed as a by-product in the heat reduction process of the raw material mixture. It is a substance that supplies MgO.
- the kind of the MgO supply material is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include hematite ore and coal contained in the raw material mixture (sometimes referred to as “MgO supply substance contained in raw material mixture” in this specification).
- an Mg-containing substance extracted from MgO powder, natural ore, seawater, or the like, or magnesium carbonate (MgCO 3 ) may be used (sometimes referred to as “other MgO supply substance” in this specification).
- the “other MgO supply substance” may be blended in the raw material mixture.
- the component composition and the blending amount of the “other MgO supply substance” are also considered and By adjusting the amount of the carbonaceous reducing agent, the basicity of by-product slag and the MgO content in the slag are controlled. That is, the raw material mixture may contain “another MgO supply substance” in addition to the iron oxide-containing substance and the carbonaceous reducing agent, which are “MgO supply substances contained in the raw material mixture”.
- the slag to be produced contains CaO, MgO and SiO 2 , and the basicity [(CaO + MgO) / SiO 2 ] of the slag falls within the range of 1.5 to 1.9, “other MgO "Feed substance” is included.
- the above-mentioned CaO supply substance used in the present invention is slag that is introduced into a heating and reducing furnace alone or in a mixed state with other substances (for example, a raw material mixture) and formed as a by-product in the heat reduction process of the raw material mixture. It is a substance that supplies CaO.
- the kind of CaO supply substance is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include hematite ore and coal contained in the raw material mixture (sometimes referred to as “CaO supply substance contained in the raw material mixture” in this specification).
- quick lime (CaO), calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), and the like can be given (in the present specification, they may be referred to as “other CaO supply substances”).
- the “other CaO supply substance” may be blended in the raw material mixture.
- the component composition of the “other CaO supply substance” and the blending amount thereof are also considered,
- the basicity of the by-product slag and the CaO content in the slag are controlled. That is, the raw material mixture may contain “another CaO supply substance” in addition to the iron oxide-containing substance and the carbonaceous reducing agent, which are “CaO supply substances contained in the raw material mixture”.
- MgO and SiO 2 are contained in the raw material mixture so that the basicity [(CaO + MgO) / SiO 2 ] of the slag falls within the range of 1.5 to 1.9. Contain.
- dolomite ore may be blended in the raw material mixture as a supply material of MgO and CaO. That is, in addition to the iron oxide-containing material and the carbonaceous reductant which are the “MgO supply material contained in the raw material mixture” and the “CaO supply material contained in the raw material mixture”, the raw material mixture is “MgO and CaO supply material” ", For example, may contain dolomite ore.
- the supply substance of MgO and CaO is charged into the slag by-produced in the process of heating and reducing the raw material mixture by being charged into the heating and reducing furnace alone or in a mixed state with other substances (for example, raw material mixture). And a substance that supplies CaO.
- a small amount of polysaccharide may be added to the raw material mixture as a binder. That is, the raw material mixture may contain a polysaccharide used for the binder.
- the raw material mixture may contain fluorite (that is, the raw material mixture may contain fluorite). If the raw material mixture contains fluorite, the desulfurization ability of slag is improved, and granular metallic iron with a small amount of S can be produced. However, from the viewpoint of “emphasis on environmental measures”, it is desirable that the raw material mixture does not contain a fluorine-containing substance such as fluorite containing harmful fluorine. According to the present invention described above, the aggregation performance can be sufficiently improved even when the raw material mixture does not contain fluorite.
- the basicity of the final slag is set to 1. If it is raised to about 9, slag can be sufficiently melted in the temperature range up to 1450 ° C. based on actual operation. As a result, it is possible to produce granular metallic iron under stable operating conditions.As a result, although there are some differences depending on the brand of coal blended as a carbonaceous reducing agent or flooring material, granular metallic iron can be produced in a short time. Can be manufactured.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing a configuration example of a rotary hearth-type heating reduction furnace among the moving hearth-type heating reduction furnaces.
- a part of furnace is notched and the inside is shown.
- a raw material mixture 1 containing an iron oxide-containing substance, a carbonaceous reducing agent, and a Li 2 O supply substance is continuously loaded on the rotary hearth 4 through a raw material charging hopper 3.
- the iron oxide-containing material contains a hematite-containing material, and coal, coke, etc. are usually used as the carbonaceous reducing agent.
- the form when supplying the raw material mixture 1 is not particularly limited.
- a simple molded body obtained by pressing and solidifying a raw material mixture containing an iron oxide-containing substance, a carbonaceous reducing agent and a Li 2 O supply substance, or a carbonaceous material interior formed by molding the raw material mixture into pellets or briquettes A compact is supplied.
- a material in which an iron oxide-containing substance, a carbonaceous reducing agent, a Li 2 O supply substance, and the like are appropriately mixed may be supplied.
- the granular carbonaceous powder 2 may be supplied together with the simple molded body or the carbonaceous material interior molded body.
- the Li 2 O supply substance may be charged into the heating reduction furnace F.
- substances for example, MgO supply substance, CaO supply substance, etc.
- fluorine-containing material for example, fluorite
- the procedure for charging the raw material mixture 1 into the heating reduction furnace F will be specifically described.
- the granular carbonaceous powder 2 is charged and spread on the rotary hearth 4 from the raw material charging hopper 3, and the raw material mixture 1 is charged thereon. It is good to keep.
- FIG. 3 shows an example in which one raw material charging hopper 3 is shared by the charging of the carbonaceous powder 2 and the charging of the raw material mixture 1, the carbonaceous powder 2 and the raw material are used by using two or more hoppers. It is of course possible to charge the mixture 1 separately.
- the carbonaceous powder 2 charged as a flooring is extremely effective in increasing the reduction efficiency and promoting low sulfidation of granular metallic iron obtained by heat reduction, but the charging may be omitted.
- the kind of carbonaceous powder charged as a flooring is not particularly limited. For example, coal and coke are mentioned.
- As the carbonaceous powder charged as a flooring it is preferable to use a carbonaceous powder having a lower S content than the carbonaceous reducing agent blended in the raw material mixture.
- the rotary hearth 4 of the heating reduction furnace F shown in FIG. 3 rotates counterclockwise.
- the rotation speed varies depending on the size of the heating reduction furnace F and the operating conditions, but is usually a speed of one round in about 8 to 16 minutes.
- a plurality of heating burners 5 are provided on the wall surface of the furnace body 8 in the heating and reducing furnace F, and heat is supplied to the hearth by the combustion heat of the heating burner 5 or its radiant heat.
- the heating burner 5 may be provided on the ceiling of the furnace.
- reference numeral 7 denotes an exhaust gas duct.
- a raw material mixture containing an iron oxide-containing substance, a carbonaceous reducing agent, and a Li 2 O supply substance is heated and reduced in a moving hearth type heating and reducing furnace, and the slag produced as a by-product at that time
- the raw material mixture contains at least Fe, Ca, Mg as component elements so that the content of Li 2 O occupies a predetermined value or more and the basicity [(CaO + MgO) / SiO 2 ] of the slag falls within a predetermined range.
- a raw material mixture containing an iron oxide-containing substance and a carbonaceous reducing agent and a Li 2 O supply substance are heated and reduced in a moving hearth type heating and reducing furnace, at that time the content of Li 2 O occupied in the slag to a predetermined value or more, and, the basicity of the slag [(CaO + MgO) / SiO 2] as a falls within a predetermined range, the raw material mixture and Li 2 O feed material
- a hematite-containing substance is used as the iron oxide-containing substance by containing at least one element of Fe, Ca, Mg, Si and Li as a constituent element and containing at least the remaining elements as a constituent element. Even if it exists, it becomes possible to manufacture granular metallic iron with high productivity.
- Table 1 shows the component composition of hematite ore and magnetite ore
- Table 2 shows the component composition of coal (others in the analysis values mean solid carbonaceous matter).
- the mixture M contains a binder (wheat flour), calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) as a CaO supply substance, and dolomite ore (a main component) as a supply substance for MgO and CaO.
- a binder molecular weight distribution
- CaCO 3 calcium carbonate
- dolomite ore a main component
- a raw material mixture hereinafter referred to as a compound
- a secondary material for adjusting slag basicity such as CaCO 3 .MgCO 3
- the component composition of the blend is shown in Table 3 below.
- a pellet-shaped raw material molded body was produced by molding the obtained blend.
- the obtained raw material compact was charged into a small experimental heating and reducing furnace and subjected to heat reduction.
- coal (carbonaceous powder) having a component composition shown in Table 2 was previously laid as a floor covering material with a thickness of about 5 mm.
- the furnace temperature was adjusted to 1450 ° C.
- the iron oxide content in the raw material molded body charged on the hearth of the heating and reducing furnace is reduced while maintaining the solid state while being heated in the furnace for about 10 to 16 minutes. While undergoing carburization with the carbonaceous powder remaining after the reduction, the melting point dropped and agglomerated each other.
- the slag produced as a by-product at this time partially or almost completely melted and aggregated with each other, and separated into molten granular metallic iron and molten slag. Thereafter, the molten granular metallic iron and molten slag are cooled and cooled to a temperature below the melting point (specifically, cooled to about 1100 ° C.) and solidified, and the solid metallic iron or slag in the solid state is brought out of the furnace. Discharged.
- the measured dissolution completion time is shown in Table 5 below.
- the dissolution completion time is No. when hematite ore A was used. No. 1 when hematite ore B was used with reference to the dissolution completion time in No. 1.
- the dissolution completion time in 6 was used as a reference, and the time when the dissolution completion time was shorter than this reference was evaluated as acceptable, and the time when it was longer was evaluated as rejected.
- the basicity [(CaO + MgO) / SiO 2 ] of slag was calculated from the amounts of CaO, MgO and SiO 2 contained in the slag, and the calculation results are shown in Table 5 below.
- the yield rate (Fe1 / Fe0) was calculated from the ratio of the mass of Fe obtained as aggregated granular metal iron (Fe1) to the mass of Fe (Fe0) obtained from the blending calculation.
- the calculation results are shown in Table 5 below.
- ratio (sulfur distribution ratio (S) / [S]) of sulfur amount (S) contained in slag with respect to sulfur amount [S] contained in granular metallic iron was calculated. The calculation results are also shown in Table 5 below.
- No. No. 1-11 Nos. 1 to 5 are examples using the hematite ore A in Table 1.
- Nos. 6 to 10 are examples using the hematite ore B in Table 1.
- 11 is a reference example using the magnetite ore C of Table 1.
- No. 1 and No. 3 and no. 6 is an example in which no Li 2 O supply substance is blended in the raw material mixture.
- Table 4 and Table 5 below can be considered as follows.
- the basicity of slag produced as a by-product is less than 1.5, and the basicity is particularly about 1.4. Therefore, the melting point of slag is lowered, and the raw material mixture is blended with a Li 2 O supply substance.
- the dissolution completion time is No. It is shorter than 1. However, since the basicity of slag is less than 1.5, it can be seen that the sulfur distribution ratio is small and the yield rate is low.
- No. 2 O content in the slag of 0.05% by mass or more, and the basicity [(CaO + MgO) / SiO 2 ] of the slag is in the range of 1.5 to 1.9. No. 1 while maintaining the same yield rate as No. 1.
- the dissolution completion time is shorter than 1. Further, greater the content of Li 2 O in the slag, it can be seen that there is a tendency that the sulfur partition ratio increases.
- No. Nos. 7 to 10 have a Li 2 O content in the slag of 0.05% by mass or more, and the basicity [(CaO + MgO) / SiO 2 ] of the slag is in the range of 1.5 to 1.9. No. 6 while maintaining a yield rate similar to The dissolution completion time is shorter than 6. Further, greater the content of Li 2 O in the slag tend to sulfur partition ratio increases, dissolution completion time is found to be prone to become shorter.
- No. 11 and no. 1 and no. As is clear from the comparison with No. 6, when magnetite ore is used (No. 11), hematite ore is used (No. 1 and No. 1) even if Li 2 O supply substance is not blended in the raw material mixture. It can be seen that the dissolution completion time is shorter than that of .6).
- the basicity of slag and the amount of MgO in the slag are adjusted by blending dolomite ore as a supply material for MgO and CaO.
- dolomite ore occupying is generally controlled within the range of 0 to 3.2% by mass, the basicity and MgO content defined in the present invention can be controlled.
- the Li 2 O content in the slag is set to 0.05% by mass or more by blending the Li 2 O supply material with the mixture M, and the CaO supply material and the MgO supply material contained in the raw material mixture. And adjusting the amount of the SiO 2 supply substance, the basicity [(CaO + MgO) / SiO 2 ] of the slag determined from the contents of CaO, MgO and SiO 2 in the slag is 1.5 to 1.9. By making it into the range, the dissolution completion time can be shortened without reducing the yield rate, and the productivity can be improved.
- a raw material mixture containing an iron oxide-containing substance, a carbonaceous reducing agent, and a Li 2 O supply substance is charged into a heating reduction furnace and heated.
- the iron oxide is reduced by the carbonaceous reducing agent, and the produced metallic iron is separated from the by-product slag and aggregated in a granular form, and then cooled and solidified to produce the granular metallic iron
- the oxidation iron-containing material comprises the hematite-containing material, wherein the raw material mixture, the slag CaO, MgO, in addition to containing SiO 2 and Li 2 O, Li 2 O content of the slag is 0.05 mass% or more
- a raw material mixture containing an iron oxide-containing substance and a carbonaceous reducing agent and a Li 2 O supply substance are charged in a heating reduction furnace and heated to oxidize the raw material mixture.
- a method for producing granular metallic iron by reducing iron with the carbonaceous reducing agent and aggregating the produced metallic iron into granular particles while separating them from by-product slag, followed by cooling and solidifying, and containing the iron oxide material comprises a hematite-containing material, the slag CaO, MgO, together containing SiO 2 and Li 2 O, Li 2 O content of the slag is 0.05 mass% or more, basicity of the slag [ (CaO + MgO) / SiO 2 ] falls within a range of 1.5 to 1.9, and one of the raw material mixture and the Li 2 O supply substance is at least of Fe, Ca, Mg, Si and Li. Contains one element Containing the element, the other is a method of producing metallic iron nug
- Li 2 O having a content of 0.05% by mass or more lowers the melting point of the hematite-containing substance to shorten the melting time of the raw material mixture, and the basicity [(CaO + MgO) / SiO 2 ] is 1. Since the slag with high fluidity of 5 to 1.9 increases the cohesiveness of reduced iron and improves the yield of granular metal iron, even when the iron oxide-containing substance contains a hematite-containing substance, the granular metal iron can be produced with high productivity. Can be manufactured.
- the hematite-containing substance a substance containing 0.30% by mass or more of Al 2 O 3 when the entire hematite-containing substance is 100% by mass can be used. Even when hematite ore containing 0.30% by mass or more of Al 2 O 3 whose melting point is particularly higher than other gangue components is used, LiO 2 reduces the melting point of gangue in hematite ore. Since the dissolution completion time of the raw material mixture is shortened as compared with the conventional direct reduction iron making method, the present invention can maintain high productivity.
- the MgO content in the slag is preferably 4 to 10% by mass. If the MgO content in the slag is within the above range, MgO can lower the melting point of the hematite-containing material and increase the cohesiveness of the reduced iron while maintaining high fluidity of the slag.
- Li 2 O supply substance at least one compound selected from Li 2 O and Li 2 CO 3 can be used.
- the raw material mixture may further contain dolomite ore, may further contain at least one compound selected from CaO and CaCO 3 , or at least 1 selected from MgO and MgCO 3.
- a seed compound may be further contained.
- the dolomite ore may be charged into the heating reduction furnace, at least one compound selected from CaO and CaCO 3 may be charged into the heating reduction furnace, or MgO and MgCO. At least one compound selected from 3 may be charged into the heating reduction furnace.
- the raw material mixture contains at least one or more of dolomite ore, CaO, CaCO 3 , MgO or MgCO 3 so that the basicity [(CaO + MgO) / SiO 2 ] of slag falls within the range of 1.5 to 1.9.
- a raw material mixture and at least one or more of dolomite ore, CaO, CaCO 3 , MgO or MgCO 3 into a heat reduction furnace, a hematite-containing substance used as an iron oxide-containing substance, Corresponding to fluctuations in CaO content and MgO content depending on the type of coal or coke used as the carbonaceous reducing agent, granular metallic iron can be produced with high productivity.
- the slag produced as a by-product in the production method of the present invention has a Li 2 O content of 0.05% by mass or more, and the basicity of the slag obtained from the contents of CaO, MgO and SiO 2 in the slag [( CaO + MgO) / SiO 2 ] is 1.5 to 1.9.
- the method for producing granular metallic iron of the present invention it is possible to produce granular metallic iron with high productivity even when the iron oxide-containing substance contains a hematite-containing substance.
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Abstract
Description
本発明では、酸化鉄含有物質はヘマタイト含有物質を含有している。本発明に用いられるヘマタイト含有物質とは、ヘマタイト鉱石からなる酸化鉄源である。微視的に見れば、脈石に取り囲まれた酸化鉄を含んだ酸化鉄源である。従って、酸化鉄含有物質として、例えば、ヘマタイト鉱石(ヘマタイト含有物質)のみからなるものを用いてもよいし、ヘマタイト鉱石とマグネタイト鉱石からなるものを用いてもよいし、ヘマタイト鉱石とマグネタイト鉱石とこれら鉱石以外の酸化鉄源からなるものを用いてもよい。また、例えば、ヘマタイト鉱石とマグネタイト鉱石の中間体などを酸化鉄含有物質として用いてもよい。
本発明では、原料混合物を加熱還元したときに副生するスラグ中のLi2O含有量を0.05質量%以上とする。スラグ中のLiO2は、ヘマタイト含有物質の融点低下剤として有効であり、スラグ中のLi2O含有量を上記範囲に制御することにより、ヘマタイト含有物質中の脈石の融点を充分に低下させることができ、結果として原料混合物の溶解性を高め、粒状金属鉄の生産性を改善できる。生成スラグ中に含まれるLi2O量は、0.1質量%以上であることが好ましく、0.3質量%以上であることがより好ましい。
スラグの塩基度[(CaO+MgO)/SiO2]は、1.5~1.9の範囲とする。スラグの塩基度の上限を1.9と定めたのは、主に、還元鉄の生産性などを考慮したためである。即ち、スラグの融点低下という観点のみからすれば、スラグの塩基度を1.9より高めても良く、これにより、最終スラグの融点を更に低下させることができる。しかしながら、スラグの塩基度を高くし過ぎると、スラグの粘性が増大してスラグの流動性が悪くなり、還元鉄の凝集が阻害され、球形に近い好適形状の粒状金属鉄が得られ難くなるばかりでなく、粒状金属鉄の歩留りも低下する傾向があるためである。スラグの塩基度は、好ましくは1.85以下に調整するのがよい。
前述したように、本発明は、ヘマタイト含有物質を含有した酸化鉄含有物質、炭素質還元剤およびLi2O供給物質を含む原料混合物を、または、ヘマタイト含有物質を含有した酸化鉄含有物質および炭素質還元剤を含む原料混合物とLi2O供給物質とを加熱還元炉に装入し、加熱還元して粒状金属鉄を製造する方法であって、副生するスラグがCaO、MgO、SiO2およびLi2Oを含有し、該スラグ中のLi2O含有量を所定値以上に、該スラグの塩基度[(CaO+MgO)/SiO2]を所定の範囲内に入るように、原料混合物が成分元素として少なくともFe、Ca、Mg、SiおよびLiを含有すること、または、原料混合物およびLi2O供給物質の一方が、Fe、Ca、Mg、SiおよびLiのうち、少なくとも1元素を成分元素として含有し、他方が少なくとも残りの元素を成分元素として含有することに特徴があるが、更に、スラグ中のMgO含有量が4~10質量%であることが好ましい。
Claims (8)
- 酸化鉄含有物質、炭素質還元剤およびLi2O供給物質を含む原料混合物を加熱還元炉に装入して加熱し、前記原料混合物中の酸化鉄を前記炭素質還元剤により還元し、生成する金属鉄を副生するスラグと分離しつつ粒状に凝集させた後、冷却凝固させて粒状金属鉄を製造する方法であって、
前記酸化鉄含有物質がヘマタイト含有物質を含み、
前記原料混合物は、前記スラグがCaO、MgO、SiO2およびLi2Oを含有するとともに、該スラグ中のLi2O含有量が0.05質量%以上で、該スラグの塩基度[(CaO+MgO)/SiO2]が1.5~1.9の範囲内に入るように、成分元素として少なくともFe、Ca、Mg、SiおよびLiを含有する粒状金属鉄の製造方法。 - 酸化鉄含有物質および炭素質還元剤を含む原料混合物と、Li2O供給物質とを加熱還元炉に装入して加熱し、前記原料混合物中の酸化鉄を前記炭素質還元剤により還元し、生成する金属鉄を副生するスラグと分離しつつ粒状に凝集させた後、冷却凝固させて粒状金属鉄を製造する方法であって、
前記酸化鉄含有物質がヘマタイト含有物質を含み、
前記スラグがCaO、MgO、SiO2およびLi2Oを含有するとともに、該スラグ中のLi2O含有量が0.05質量%以上で、該スラグの塩基度[(CaO+MgO)/SiO2]が1.5~1.9の範囲内に入るように、前記原料混合物および前記Li2O供給物質の一方が、Fe、Ca、Mg、SiおよびLiのうち、少なくとも1元素を成分元素として含有し、他方が少なくとも残りの元素を成分元素として含有する粒状金属鉄の製造方法。 - 前記ヘマタイト含有物質は、該ヘマタイト含有物質全体を100質量%としたときにAl2O3を0.30質量%以上含有する物質である請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記スラグ中のMgO含有量が4~10質量%である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記Li2O供給物質が、Li2OおよびLi2CO3から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記原料混合物がドロマイト鉱石を更に含有する請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記原料混合物がCaOおよびCaCO3から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物を更に含有する請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記原料混合物がMgOおよびMgCO3から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物を更に含有する請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
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CZ304951B6 (cs) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-02-04 | Ecofer, S.R.O. | Tavidlo pro aglomeraci, způsob výroby tavidla, aglomerační směs pro výrobu aglomerátu a použití strusek sekundární metalurgie jako tavidel pro přípravu aglomerační směsi |
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JP3265189B2 (ja) * | 1996-06-04 | 2002-03-11 | 日鐵建材工業株式会社 | タンディッシュ排滓用フラックスおよびタンディッシュスラグの排滓処理法 |
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JP5103915B2 (ja) * | 2007-01-31 | 2012-12-19 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 還元金属の製造方法 |
AU2008268694B2 (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2011-06-23 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Method for manufacturing granular metallic iron |
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