WO2009119085A1 - 新規光増感剤および光起電力素子 - Google Patents
新規光増感剤および光起電力素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009119085A1 WO2009119085A1 PCT/JP2009/001324 JP2009001324W WO2009119085A1 WO 2009119085 A1 WO2009119085 A1 WO 2009119085A1 JP 2009001324 W JP2009001324 W JP 2009001324W WO 2009119085 A1 WO2009119085 A1 WO 2009119085A1
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- Prior art keywords
- group
- photosensitizer
- carbon atoms
- cooh
- oxide semiconductor
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- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 24
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- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- AWDRATDZQPNJFN-VAYUFCLWSA-N taurodeoxycholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC2)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 AWDRATDZQPNJFN-VAYUFCLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VRKHAMWCGMJAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrahexylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCCCC[N+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC VRKHAMWCGMJAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0046—Ruthenium compounds
- C07F15/0053—Ruthenium compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/36—Radicals substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms
- C07D213/38—Radicals substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms having only hydrogen or hydrocarbon radicals attached to the substituent nitrogen atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed systems contains four or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/344—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising ruthenium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel photosensitizer, and more particularly to a novel photosensitizer that is suitably used for a dye-sensitized solar cell.
- ruthenium complex dye absorbs visible light but hardly absorbs infrared light having a wavelength longer than 700 nm, and thus has a low photoelectric conversion ability in the infrared region. Therefore, in order to further increase the conversion efficiency, development of a dye having absorption not only in the visible light but also in the infrared region has been desired.
- the black die can absorb light up to 920 nm. However, since the absorption coefficient is small, it is necessary to increase the amount adsorbed on the titanium oxide porous thin film in order to obtain a high current value.
- Non-Patent Document 2 Although there are various methods for increasing the amount of adsorption to the titanium oxide porous thin film, it is generally possible to increase the thickness of the thin film (see Non-Patent Document 2). When the thickness of the thin film is increased, the conversion efficiency cannot be increased greatly because the open-circuit voltage value is decreased and the FF is decreased due to an increase in reverse electron transfer and a decrease in the electron density in the thin film. There is also a report of using a complex using an imidazophenanthroline ligand as a solar cell, but sufficient efficiency has not been achieved (see Patent Document 1). B. O'Regan, M. Gratzel, "Nature” (UK), 1991, 353, p. 737 M. Gratzel, “Journal of American Chemical Society” (USA), 2001, 123, p. 1613 International Patent Publication No. 2007/006026
- the present invention provides a novel photosensitizer having a large extinction coefficient that absorbs light in a wide range of visible light and increases the light absorption efficiency even in an extremely thin thin film.
- the present invention has the general formula is a metal oxide semiconductor electrode photosensitizer comprising a metal complex represented by the formula (I), adsorbed on a metal oxide semiconductor electrode via ligand L 1 or L 2
- the present invention relates to a photosensitizer characterized in that the difference ⁇ L between the energy levels of the respective excited states, calculated using the GAUSSIAN03 quantum chemistry program calculation of L 1 and L 2 , is 0.25 eV or more.
- M represents a Group 8 transition metal in the periodic table
- X is independently a halogen atom, a cyano group, a thiocinanate group, an isothiocyanate group, an isocyanate group, an isocyanide group, a hydroxy group, or when X is bonded to each other
- L 1 and L 2 are ligands containing an aromatic ring, and a COOH group or a functional group having PO (OH) 2 or COOH connected by ⁇ conjugation to either L 1 or L 2 Having a functional group with a group or PO (OH) 2 .
- R 1 to R 3 may be the same or different, and each represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- R 4 and R 5 may combine to form a ring.
- L 1 is a ligand represented by the following formula (II) and L 2 is a ligand represented by the following formula (III). It is related with the photosensitizer characterized by these.
- R 6 to R 11 , R 12 to R 16 , R 17 to R 19 , R 20 to R 23 , R 24 to R 29 , R 30 to R 34 , R 35 to R 37 , R 38 to R 39 , R 40 to R 43 , and R 44 to R 45 may be the same or different from each other, and may be a COOH group or a functional group having PO (OH) 2 , a COOH group or PO connected by ⁇ conjugation.
- R 114 ⁇ R 128 are each independently, a COOH group or PO (OH) functional group having a 2, a functional group having a COOH group or PO (OH) 2 is bonded via ⁇ -conjugated, (Indicates hydrogen, OH group, methoxy group, halogen, alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, alkoxy group, amino group, cyano group, or nitro group.)
- the present invention is such that L 1 is a functional group having at least one COOH group or PO (OH) 2 therein, or a COOH group or PO (OH) connected by ⁇ conjugation. includes a functional group having a 2, L 2 does not contain a COOH group and PO (OH) 2 therein, and, when adsorbed via L 1 to the metal oxide semiconductor electrode, the energy of the excited state of the L 2
- the present invention relates to a photosensitizer characterized in that the level is at least 0.25 eV higher than the energy level of the excited state of L 1 .
- the present invention also relates to a photovoltaic device having at least one metal oxide semiconductor layer, wherein the metal oxide semiconductor layer contains the photosensitizer described above.
- the novel photosensitizer of the present invention can absorb light widely in the visible region and increase the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic device.
- the photosensitizer of the present invention is a metal complex represented by the following general formula (I). ML 1 L 2 X 2 (I)
- M represents a Group 8 transition metal in the periodic table, and examples thereof include Ru, Os, and Fe. Among them, Ru is preferable.
- X is independently represented by the general formula (A) when a halogen atom, a cyano group, a thiocyanate group, an isothiocyanate group, an isocyanate group, an isocyanide group, a hydroxy group, or X is bonded to each other. Represents a bidentate ligand.
- R 1 to R 3 may be the same or different and each represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or a par group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- a fluoroalkyl group, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms is represented.
- R 4 and R 5 are each independently hydrogen, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having a carbon number of 6 ⁇ 15, R 4 And R 5 may combine to form a ring.
- Examples of the ligand L 1 include compounds represented by the following general formula (II).
- R 6 to R 11 , R 12 to R 16 , R 17 to R 19 , R 20 to R 23 , R 24 to R 29 , R 30 to R 34 , R 35 to R 37 , R 38 R 39 , R 40 to R 43 , and R 44 to R 45 may be the same or different from each other, and may be a COOH group or a functional group having PO (OH) 2 , a COOH group or PO ( OH) 2 represents a functional group having hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, or an amino group.
- Examples of the ligand L 2 include compounds represented by the following general formula (III).
- R 114 ⁇ R 128 are each independently, a COOH group or PO (OH) functional group having a 2, a functional group having a COOH group or PO (OH) 2 is bonded via ⁇ -conjugated, hydrogen OH group, methoxy group, halogen, alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, alkoxy group, amino group, cyano group, or nitro group.
- L 1 and L 2 in the general formula (I) must satisfy the following conditions. is there. That is, the ligands L 1 and L 2 are adsorbed on the metal oxide semiconductor electrode via a ligand having a low energy level in the excited state among the ligands L 1 and L 2. It is in a position higher than the energy level of the conduction band of the metal oxide semiconductor electrode.
- the energies of the respective excited states calculated using the GAUSSIAN 03 quantum chemistry program calculation of L 1 and L 2 The level difference ⁇ L needs to be 0.25 eV or more, and preferably 0.3 eV or more.
- the difference ⁇ L between the excited state energy levels is less than 0.25 eV, the electrons excited to the higher excited state energy of the ligands L 1 and L 2 are adsorbed on the metal oxide. Since it cannot move to the lower ligand, it is difficult to inject it into the metal oxide semiconductor electrode, and the conversion efficiency is lowered.
- the program calculation of GAUSSIAN03 quantum chemistry is not particularly limited, but is usually performed with reference to “Information Chemistry / Computational Chemistry Experiment” (written by Kenji Hori et al., Maruzen Co., Ltd.). That is, the DFT / TD-DFT calculation is performed using the supercomputer HP2500 in consideration of the solvent (ethanol) using the CPCM solvent model. For the structure optimization and the energy level of the electronic structure / molecular orbital, calculation is performed by applying DFT / B3LYP as the calculation method and LANL2DZ as the basis function.
- the following compounds can be exemplified as the compounds (photosensitizers) represented by the general formula (I) that satisfy the above conditions, but are not limited thereto.
- L 2 does not contain a COOH group and PO (OH) 2 , and the energy level of L 2 is at least 0.25 eV higher than the energy level of L 1 , so that a more preferable effect can be obtained.
- the following compounds can be exemplified as the compounds (photosensitizers) represented by the general formula (I) that satisfy the above conditions, but are not limited thereto.
- a method for synthesizing the photosensitizer of the present invention will be described.
- the case where ruthenium is used as M in the general formula (I) will be described below as an example.
- a method of introducing X after sequentially reacting ligands L 1 and L 2 with a ruthenium precursor is preferably used.
- the ruthenium precursor ruthenium chloride, dichloro (p-cymene) ruthenium dimer, diiodo (p-cymene) ruthenium dimer, or the like can be used.
- the reactions of L 1 and L 2 may be added sequentially to carry out the reaction, or may be carried out by adding at the same time.
- L 1 or L 2 When performing the reaction sequentially, either L 1 or L 2 may be added first.
- a general organic solvent, water or the like can be used.
- an alcohol solvent such as ethanol, methanol or butanol
- an amide solvent such as dimethylformamide or dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene carbonate, N -A polar solvent such as methylpyrrolidone is used.
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited, but in order to proceed with the reaction, heating is preferable, and it is particularly preferable to carry out in the range of 50 to 250 ° C.
- the reaction temperature of the first stage reaction and the second stage reaction can be changed.
- an oil bath, a water bath, a microwave heating device, or the like can be used.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 minute to several days, preferably 5 minutes to 1 day, and it is preferable to change the time by a heating device.
- About X it can introduce
- the reaction time and reaction temperature are not particularly limited.
- the photovoltaic element of the present invention will be described.
- a metal oxide semiconductor layer 3 on which a photosensitizer of the present invention is adsorbed is disposed on a transparent conductive substrate 1, and an electrolyte layer 4 is interposed between the metal oxide semiconductor layer 3 and the counter electrode substrate 2.
- the periphery is sealed with a sealing material 5.
- the lead wire is connected to the conductive portions of the transparent conductive substrate 1 and the counter electrode substrate 2 so that electric power can be taken out.
- a transparent conductive substrate is usually manufactured by laminating a transparent conductive layer on a transparent substrate.
- the transparent substrate is not particularly limited, and the material, thickness, dimensions, shape, and the like can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, colorless or colored glass, meshed glass, glass block, etc. are used, and colorless.
- a colored transparent resin may be used. Specific examples of the resin include polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyether ether ketone, polyphenylene sulfide, polycarbonate, polyimide, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, cellulose triacetate, and polymethylpentene. Etc.
- “transparent” means having a transmittance of 10 to 100%
- “substrate” in the present invention has a smooth surface at room temperature, and the surface is flat or curved. It may be deformed by stress.
- the transparent conductive layer that forms the conductive layer of the electrode is not particularly limited as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved.
- the transparent conductive layer is made of a metal thin film such as gold, silver, chromium, copper, tungsten, or a metal oxide. Examples thereof include a conductive film.
- the metal oxide include Indium Tin Oxide (ITO (In 2 O 3 : Sn)), Fluorine doped Tin Oxide (FTO (SnO 2 : F)) in which tin oxide or zinc oxide is slightly doped with another metal element. ), Aluminum doped Zinc Oxide (AZO (ZnO: Al)) and the like are preferably used.
- the film thickness is usually 10 nm to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 100 nm to 2 ⁇ m.
- the surface resistance (resistivity) is appropriately selected depending on the use of the substrate of the present invention, but is usually 0.5 to 500 ⁇ / sq, preferably 2 to 50 ⁇ / sq.
- the counter electrode can usually be a platinum, carbon electrode or the like.
- the material of the substrate is not particularly limited, and the material, thickness, dimensions, shape and the like can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- colorless or colored glass, meshed glass, glass block, etc. are used,
- a colored transparent resin may be used.
- Specific examples of the resin include polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyether ether ketone, polyphenylene sulfide, polycarbonate, polyimide, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, cellulose triacetate, and polymethylpentene. Etc.
- a metal plate or the like can also be used as the substrate.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer used in the photovoltaic device of the present invention for example, TiO 2, ZnO, such as a layer made of SnO 2, Nb 2 O 5, and among others, TiO 2, ZnO A layer consisting of
- the metal oxide semiconductor used in the present invention may be single crystal or polycrystalline.
- As the crystal system anatase type, rutile type, brookite type and the like are mainly used, and anatase type is preferable.
- a method for forming the metal oxide semiconductor layer a known method can be used.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer can be obtained by applying the above-described metal oxide semiconductor nanoparticle dispersion, sol solution, or the like on a substrate by a known method.
- the coating method in this case is not particularly limited, and examples include a method of obtaining a thin film by a casting method, a spin coating method, a dip coating method, a bar coating method, and various printing methods including a screen printing method.
- the thickness of the metal oxide semiconductor layer is arbitrary, but is usually 0.5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- a solution in which the photosensitizer is dissolved in a solvent is applied on the metal oxide semiconductor layer by spray coating or spin coating. Then, it can be formed by a drying method. In this case, the substrate may be heated to an appropriate temperature.
- a method in which a metal oxide semiconductor layer is immersed and adsorbed in a solution in which a photosensitizer is dissolved can also be used.
- the immersion time is not particularly limited as long as the photosensitizer is sufficiently adsorbed, but is preferably 10 minutes to 30 hours, more preferably 1 to 20 hours.
- the concentration of the photosensitizer in the case of the solution is about 0.01 to 100 mmol / L, preferably about 0.1 to 50 mmol / L.
- the solvent alcohols, ethers, nitriles, esters, hydrocarbons and the like can be used.
- a colorless compound having properties as a surfactant may be added and co-adsorbed on the metal oxide semiconductor layer.
- colorless compounds include steroid compounds such as cholic acid having a carboxyl group or sulfo group, deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, sulfonates, and the like.
- the unadsorbed photosensitizer is preferably removed by washing immediately after the adsorption step. Washing is preferably performed using acetonitrile, an alcohol solvent or the like in a wet washing tank.
- the adsorption amount of the photosensitizer is calculated from the light absorption amount of the alkaline solution after desorbing the photosensitizer from the metal oxide semiconductor layer with a strong alkaline solution. Further, the adsorption amount can be adsorbed in the range of 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 mol / cm 2 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol / cm 2 with respect to the metal oxide semiconductor surface area.
- amines After adsorbing the photosensitizer, amines, quaternary ammonium salts, ureido compounds having at least one ureido group, silyl compounds having at least one silyl group, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, etc. are used. Then, the surface of the metal oxide semiconductor layer may be treated.
- preferred amines include pyridine, 4-t-butylpyridine, polyvinylpyridine and the like.
- preferred quaternary ammonium salts include tetrabutylammonium iodide, tetrahexylammonium iodide and the like. These may be used by dissolving in an organic solvent, or may be used as they are in the case of a liquid.
- the electrolyte used in the photovoltaic device of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be either a liquid system or a solid system, and desirably exhibits reversible electrochemical redox characteristics.
- showing reversible electrochemical redox characteristics means that an electrochemical redox reaction can occur reversibly in the potential region where the photovoltaic element acts.
- NHE hydrogen reference electrode
- the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte is usually 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 S / cm or more at room temperature, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S / cm or more.
- the thickness of the electrolyte layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 1 mm or less.
- the electrolyte is not particularly limited as long as the above-described conditions are satisfied, and those known in this technical field can be used for both liquid and solid systems.
- Example 1 ⁇ Synthesis of Compound 1> 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (10 mmol: 2.10 g), ammonium acetate (200 mmol: 14.4 g), and salicylaldehyde (12 mmol: 1.45 g) were dissolved in 100 ml of acetic acid for 4 hours. Stirring was performed with heating under reflux. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was allowed to cool and neutralized with aqueous ammonia. The deposited precipitate was separated by filtration, washed with water, and dried under reduced pressure to obtain Compound 1 in a yield of 65%. Compound 1 was identified by NMR.
- Example 3 ⁇ Synthesis of Compound 3> Dipyridylamine (5.84 mmol: 1 g), 4-bromoanisole (8.76 mmol: 1.64 g), potassium hydroxide (8.75 mmol: 0.5 g), and copper sulfate (0.18 as catalyst) Mmol: 30 mg), and the mixture was stirred with heating at 180 ° C. for 6 hours. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was allowed to cool, chloroform and water were added, washed with water, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure on magnesium sulfate to obtain the desired product. The target product was dissolved in chloroform and purified by column MeOH / CHCl 3 (1/10) to obtain Compound 3 in a yield of 65%. Identification was based on NMR.
- thiocyanammonium (1.5 g) was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred for 4 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the resulting residue was dispersed in water and filtered to obtain the desired product as a crude product. An aqueous solution of n-butylammonium hydroxide in methanol was added to dissolve the target compound, followed by column purification (Sephadex LH-20). The main component is obtained, concentrated under reduced pressure, diluted with water, adjusted to pH 2 with dilute nitric acid aqueous solution, and the resulting dark red precipitate is recovered by filtration, dried under reduced pressure, and the desired photosensitizer 4 is obtained. Obtained in a yield of 70%. The complex was identified by MS spectrum and 1 H-NMR spectrum.
- a photovoltaic cell based on sensitization of a titanium dioxide film supported on a conductive substrate was produced as follows. Colloidal TiO 2 particles (particle size: 20 to 30 nm) are applied on conductive glass (fluorine-doped SnO 2 , 10 ⁇ ), baked at 450 ° C. for 30 minutes (film thickness: 10 ⁇ m), and light is irradiated on it. In order to scatter, TiO 2 particles (particle size: 300 to 400 nm) were applied and baked at 520 ° C. for 1 hour (film thickness: 6 to 8 ⁇ m). These two layers were immersed in a TiCl 4 solution for 30 minutes and then heated at 450 ° C.
- the obtained film was immersed in the photosensitizer / ethanol solution (3.0 ⁇ 10 4 to 4 mol / L) for 15 hours to form a dye layer.
- the obtained substrate and the Pt surface of the glass with the Pt thin film are combined, and an acetonitrile solution containing 0.3 mol / L lithium iodide and 0.03 mol / L iodine is infiltrated by capillary action, and the periphery is an epoxy adhesive. Sealed with.
- a lead wire was connected to the conductive layer portion of the transparent conductive substrate and the counter electrode.
- the cells thus obtained were irradiated with simulated sunlight, and the photoelectric conversion characteristics were measured.
- the results of measuring the short-circuit current value (Jsc) and incident photons to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) are shown in Table 1 and FIG. 4, respectively.
- the photosensitizers 1 to 4 of the present invention have a larger short-circuit current value than the photosensitizer 5 of Comparative Example 1, and from FIG. 4, the photosensitizer of the present invention It can be seen that the current conversion efficiency of incident photons is superior to that of the photosensitizer 5 of Comparative Example 1 at 400 to 700 nm, and the current conversion efficiency of incident photons is superior in the region of 780 nm.
- the novel photosensitizer of the present invention is extremely useful industrially because it can absorb light widely in the visible region and increase the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic device.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing incident photon-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1.
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Abstract
Description
一方、ブラックダイに関して、920nmまで光を吸収することができるが、吸光係数が小さいため、高電流値を得るためには、酸化チタン多孔質薄膜に吸着する量を多くする必要があった。酸化チタン多孔質薄膜への吸着量を増加する方法は、種々の方法があるが、一般的には、薄膜の厚みを増加することで可能である(非特許文献2参照)。薄膜の厚みを増加すると、逆電子移動の増加、薄膜中の電子密度の減少などによって、開放電圧値の減少、FFの低下などが生ずるため、変換効率は大きく増加することはできない。
またイミダゾフェナントロリン配位子を用いた錯体を用いて、太陽電池とした報告もあるが、十分な効率を得るに至っていない(特許文献1参照)。
オレガン(B. O’Regan)、グレツェル(M.Gratzel),「ネイチャー(Nature)」,(英国),1991年,353巻,p.737 グレツェル(M.Gratzel),「ジャーナル オブ アメリカン ケミカルソサイアティー」,(米国),2001年,123巻,p.1613
すなわち、本発明は、一般式(I)で表される金属錯体からなる金属酸化物半導体電極用光増感剤であり、配位子L1またはL2を介して金属酸化物半導体電極に吸着したとき、L1とL2のGAUSSIAN03量子化学のプログラム計算を用いて算出した、それぞれの励起状態のエネルギーレベルの差ΔLが0.25eV以上であることを特徴とする光増感剤に関する。
ML1L2X2 (I)
ここで、Mは周期表第8族遷移金属を示し、Xは、独立にハロゲン原子、シアノ基、チオシナネート基、イソチオシアネート基、イソシアネート基、イソシアニド基、ヒドロキシ基、または、X同士が結合した場合、一般式(A)で示される2座配位子を表す。また、L1およびL2は芳香環を含む配位子であり、L1またはL2のいずれかに、COOH基またはPO(OH)2を有する官能基、もしくは、π共役にて接続したCOOH基またはPO(OH)2を有する官能基を有する。
本発明の光増感剤は、下記一般式(I)で表される金属錯体である。
ML1L2X2 (I)
一般式(I)中、Xは、独立にハロゲン原子、シアノ基、チオシナネート基、イソチオシアネート基、イソシアネート基、イソシアニド基、ヒドロキシ基、または、X同士が結合した場合、一般式(A)で示される2座配位子を表す。
すなわち、配位子L1、L2は、配位子L1、L2のうち励起状態のエネルギーレベルの低い配位子を介して金属酸化物半導体電極に吸着し、いずれの配位子も金属酸化物半導体電極のコンダクションバンドのエネルギーレベルより高い位置にある。本発明においては、配位子L1またはL2を介して金属酸化物半導体電極に吸着したとき、L1とL2のGAUSSIAN03量子化学のプログラム計算を用いて算出した、それぞれの励起状態のエネルギーレベルの差ΔLが0.25eV以上であることが必要であり、0.3eV以上であることが好ましい。
励起状態のエネルギーレベルの差ΔLが0.25eV未満の場合には、配位子L1、L2のうち励起状態のエネルギーの高い方に励起された電子は、金属酸化物に吸着している低い方の配位子に移動することができないため、金属酸化物半導体電極にも注入されにくく、変換効率が低下するため、好ましくない。
ここで、GAUSSIAN03量子化学のプログラム計算は特に限定されないが、通常、「情報化学・計算化学実験」(堀憲次ら著・丸善株式会社)を参考に行なわれる。
すなわち、CPCM溶媒モデルを用いて溶媒(エタノール)を考慮し、DFT/TD-DFT計算をスーパーコンピューターHP2500を用いて行なわれる。構造最適化および電子構造・分子軌道のエネルギーレベルについて、計算法はDFT/B3LYP、基底関数はLANL2DZを適用し、計算が行われる。
一般式(I)におけるMとしてルテニウムを用いた場合を例にとって以下説明する。まず、ルテニウム前駆体に、配位子L1、L2を順次反応させた後、Xを導入する方法が好ましく用いられる。ルテニウム前駆体としては、塩化ルテニウム、ジクロロ(p-サイメン)ルテニウム二量体、ジヨード(p-サイメン)ルテニウム二量体等を用いることができる。L1、L2の反応は、逐次的に添加し、反応を行なっても良く、また、同時に添加して反応を行なっても良い。逐次的に反応を行なう場合、L1、L2どちらを先に添加しても良い。
反応溶媒としては、一般的な有機溶媒、水などを用いることができ、好ましくはエタノール、メタノール、ブタノール等のアルコール系溶媒、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド等のアミド系溶媒、ジメチルスルホキシド、プロピレンカーボネート、N-メチルピロリドン等の極性溶媒が用いられる。
反応時間は特に限定されないが、通常1分~数日、好ましくは5分~1日であり、加熱装置により時間を変更することが好ましい。
Xについては、対応するアンモニウム塩、金属塩等を添加して、反応を行なうことにより導入することができる。反応時間、反応温度は特に限定されない。
本発明の光起電力素子の例としては、例えば、図1に示す断面を有する素子を挙げることができる。この素子は、透明導電性基板1上に本発明の光増感剤を吸着させた金属酸化物半導体層3が配置され、金属酸化物半導体層3と対向電極基板2の間に電解質層4が配置され、周辺がシール材5で密封されている。なお、リード線は透明導電性基板1と対向電基板2の導電部分に接続され、電力を取り出すことができる。
膜厚は、通常10nm~10μm、好ましくは100nm~2μmである。また、表面抵抗(抵抗率)は、本発明の基板の用途により適宜選択されるところであるが、通常0.5~500Ω/sq、好ましくは2~50Ω/sqである。
本発明に用いられる金属酸化物半導体は単結晶でも多結晶でも良い。結晶系としては、アナターゼ型、ルチル型、ブルッカイト型などが主に用いられるが、好ましくはアナターゼ型である。
金属酸化物半導体層の形成方法としては公知の方法を用いることができ、例えば、上記金属酸化物半導体のナノ粒子分散液、ゾル溶液等を公知の方法により基板上に塗布することで得ることが出来る。この場合の塗布方法としては特に限定されずキャスト法による薄膜状態で得る方法、スピンコート法、ディップコート法、バーコート法のほか、スクリーン印刷法を初めとした各種の印刷方法を挙げることができる。
金属酸化物半導体層の厚みは任意であるが、通常0.5μm~50μm、好ましくは1μm~20μmである。
溶媒としては、アルコール類、エーテル類、ニトリル類、エステル類、炭化水素など用いることができる。
未吸着の光増感剤は、吸着工程後、速やかに洗浄により除去するのが好ましい。洗浄は湿式洗浄槽中でアセトニトリル、アルコール系溶媒等を用いて行うのが好ましい。
光増感剤の吸着量は、強アルカリ溶液にて、金属酸化物半導体層から光増感剤を脱着し、アルカリ溶液の光吸収量から算出される。
また、吸着量は、金属酸化物半導体表面積に対し、1.0×10-8mol/cm2~1.0×10-6mol/cm2の範囲で吸着することができる。
NHEの電位領域で可逆的であることが望ましい。
電解質のイオン伝導度は、通常室温で1×10-7S/cm以上、好ましくは1×10-6S/cm以上、さらに好ましくは1×10-5S/cm以上であることが望ましい。
電解質層の厚さは特に制限されないが、1μm以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは10μm以上であり、また、3mm以下が好ましく、より好ましくは1mm以下である。
かかる電解質としては、上記の条件を満足すれば特に制限されるものでなく、液体系および固体系とも、本技術分野で公知のものを使用することができる。
<化合物1の合成>
1,10-フェナントロリン-5,6-ジオン(10ミリモル:2.10g)、酢酸アンモニウム(200ミリモル:14.4g)、サリチルアルデヒド(12ミリモル:1.45g)を酢酸100mlに溶解し、4時間加熱還流下攪拌を行なった。反応終了後、放冷、アンモニア水にて中和した。析出した沈殿物を濾別し、水にて洗浄し、減圧下乾燥を行なって化合物1を収率65%にて得た。なお化合物1はNMRにて同定した。
<光増感剤1の合成>
ジクロロ(p-サイメン)ルテニウム二量体(1ミリモル:0.61g)、化合物1(2ミリモル:0.65g)をジメチルホルムアミド(50ml)に溶解し、アルゴン雰囲気下80℃にて2時間攪拌した。続いて、2,2’-ビピリジン-4,4’-カルボン酸(2ミリモル)を加え、アルゴン下にて150℃、5時間加熱攪拌を行なった。さらに、チオシアン酸アンモニウム(1.5g)を加え、4時間加熱攪拌を行なった。
反応終了後、減圧濃縮を行ない、得られた残渣を水に分散し、ろ過にて粗精製物として目的物を得た。メタノール中水酸化n-ブチルアンモニウム水溶液を添加し、目的物を溶解した後、カラム精製を行った(Sephadex LH-20)。主成分を得、減圧濃縮後、水にて希釈し、希薄HNO3水溶液にてpH2とし、生成した濃赤色の沈殿物をろ過にて回収し、減圧乾燥を行ない、目的の光増感剤1を収率70%にて得た。光増感剤1の同定は、MSスペクトル(m/z 386)、1H-NMRスペクトルにて行なった。光増感剤1の1H-NMRスペクトルを図2に示す。
<化合物2の合成>
1,10-フェナントロリン-5,6-ジオン(10ミリモル:2.10g)、酢酸アンモニウム(200ミリモル:14.4g)、3-ヒドロキシベンズアルデヒド(12ミリモル:1.45g)を酢酸100mlに溶解し、4時間加熱還流下攪拌を行なった。反応終了後、放冷、アンモニア水にて中和した。析出した沈殿物を濾別し、水にて洗浄し、減圧下乾燥を行なって化合物2を収率65%にて得た。NMRにて同定した。
<光増感剤2の合成>
ジクロロ(p-サイメン)ルテニウム二量体(1ミリモル:0.61g)、化合物2(2ミリモル:0.65g)をジメチルホルムアミド(50ml)に溶解し、アルゴン雰囲気下80℃にて2時間攪拌した。続いて、2,2’-ビピリジン-4,4’-カルボン酸(2ミリモル)を加え、アルゴン下にて150℃、5時間加熱攪拌を行なった。さらに、チオシアン酸アンモニウム(1.5g)を加え、4時間加熱攪拌を行なった。
反応終了後、減圧濃縮を行ない、得られた残渣を水に分散し、ろ過にて粗精製物として目的物を得た。メタノール中水酸化n-ブチルアンモニウム水溶液を添加し、目的物を溶解した後、カラム精製を行った(Sephadex LH-20)。主成分を得、減圧濃縮後、水にて希釈し、希薄HNO3水溶液にてpH2とし、生成した濃赤色の沈殿物をろ過にて回収し、減圧乾燥を行ない、目的の光増感剤2を収率70%にて得た。光増感剤2の同定は、MSスペクトル(m/z 386)、1H-NMRスペクトルにて行なった。
<化合物3の合成>
ジピリジルアミン(5.84ミリモル:1g)、4-ブロモアニソール(8.76ミリモル:1.64g)、水酸化カリウム(8.75ミリモル:0.5g)、および触媒としての硫酸銅(0.18ミリモル:30mg)を混合し、180℃で6時間加熱下で攪拌した。反応終了後、放冷、クロロホルムと水を加え、水で洗浄後、硫酸マグネシウム上で溶媒を減圧留出することにより目的物を得た。目的物をクロロホルムに溶解した後、カラムMeOH/CHCl3(1/10)で精製することにより化合物3を収率65%で得た。同定はNMRに拠った。
p-シメン塩化ルテニウム2量体([RuCl2(p-cymene)]2)(1ミリモル:0.61g)、化合物3(2ミリモル:0.65g)をジメチルホルムアミド(50ml)に溶解し、アルゴン雰囲気下80℃にて2時間攪拌した。続いて、2,2’―ビピリジンー4,4’カルボン酸(2ミリモル)を加え、アルゴン下にて150℃、5時間加熱攪拌を行なった。さらに、チオシアンアンモニウム(1.5g)を加え、4時間加熱攪拌を行なった。
反応終了後、減圧濃縮を行ない、得られた残渣を水に分散し、ろ過にて粗精製物として目的物を得た。メタノール中水酸化n-ブチルアンモニウム水溶液を添加し、目的物を溶解した後、カラム精製を行った(Sephadex LH-20)。主成分を得、減圧濃縮後、水にて希釈し、希薄硝酸水溶液にてpH2とし、生成した濃赤色の沈殿物をろ過にて回収し、減圧乾燥を行ない、目的の光増感錯体3を収率70%にて得た。光増感剤3の同定は、MSスペクトル、1H-NMRスペクトルにて行なった。光増感剤3の1H-NMRスペクトルを図3に示す。
<光増感剤4の合成>
p-シメン塩化ルテニウム2量体([RuCl2(p-cymene)]2)(1ミリモル:0.61g)、化合物3(2ミリモル:0.65g)をジメチルホルムアミド(50ml)に溶解し、アルゴン雰囲気下80℃にて2時間攪拌した。続いて、4,4’-ビス(カルボキシビニル)-2,2’-ビピリジン(2ミリモル)を加え、アルゴン下にて150℃、5時間加熱攪拌を行なった。さらに、チオシアンアンモニウム(1.5g)を加え、4時間加熱攪拌を行なった。
反応終了後、減圧濃縮を行ない、得られた残渣を水に分散し、ろ過にて粗精製物として目的物を得た。メタノール中水酸化n-ブチルアンモニウム水溶液を添加し、目的物を溶解した後、カラム精製を行った(Sephadex LH-20)。主成分を得、減圧濃縮後、水にて希釈し、希薄硝酸水溶液にてpH2とし、生成した濃赤色の沈殿物をろ過にて回収し、減圧乾燥を行ない、目的の光増感剤4を収率70%にて得た。錯体の同定は、MSスペクトル、1H-NMRスペクトルにて行なった。
導電性基板上に支持された二酸化チタン膜の増感に基づく光起電力セルを以下のように作製した。
導電性ガラス(フッ素ドープSnO2,10Ω)上にコロイド状TiO2粒子(粒径:20~30nm)を塗布し、450℃、30分間焼成し(膜厚:10μm)、その上に、光を散乱させるため、TiO2粒子(粒径:300~400nm)を塗布し、520℃、1時間焼成した(膜厚:6~8μm)。これら2層の膜を、30分間TiCl4溶液に浸漬した後、450℃、30分間加熱した。
得られた膜を上記光増感剤/エタノール溶液(3.0×10~4mol/L)に15時間浸し、色素層を形成した。得られた基板とPt薄膜のついたガラスのPt面を合わせ、0.3mol/Lのヨウ化リチウムと0.03mol/Lのヨウ素を含むアセトニトリル溶液を毛細管現象によって染み込ませ、周辺をエポキシ接着剤で封止した。なお、透明導電基板の導電層部分と対向電極にはリード線を接続した。
このようにして得たセルに疑似太陽光を照射し、光電変換特性を測定した。短絡電流値(Jsc)、入射フォトン~電流変換効率(IPCE)を測定した結果を、それぞれ表1、図4に示した。
ΔL>0.25eVの効果を示すために、ΔLが0.25eVよりも小さい光増感剤5を用いて、実施例1~4と同様の操作で太陽電池セルを作製した。
表1より、本発明の光増感剤1~4は、ΔLの小さい光増感剤5と比較して、短絡電流値が大きく、また、780nmの領域において、入射フォトンの電流変換効率が優れていることが分かる。高い変換効率を得るためには、ΔLは、少なくとも0.25eV以上である必要がある。
2 対向電極基板
3 色素を吸着した金属酸化物半導体層
4 電解質層
5 シール材
Claims (4)
- 一般式(I)で表される金属錯体からなる金属酸化物半導体電極用光増感剤であり、配位子L1またはL2を介して金属酸化物半導体電極に吸着したとき、L1とL2のGAUSSIAN03量子化学のプログラム計算を用いて算出した、それぞれの励起状態のエネルギーレベルの差ΔLが0.25eV以上であることを特徴とする光増感剤。
ML1L2X2 (I)
ここで、Mは周期表第8族遷移金属を示し、Xは、独立にハロゲン原子、シアノ基、チオシナネート基、イソチオシアネート基、イソシアネート基、イソシアニド基、ヒドロキシ基、または、X同士が結合した場合、一般式(A)で示される2座配位子を表す。また、L1およびL2は芳香環を含む配位子であり、L1またはL2のいずれかに、COOH基またはPO(OH)2を有する官能基、もしくは、π共役にて接続したCOOH基またはPO(OH)2を有する官能基を有する。
- 請求項1において、L1が、下記式(II)で表される配位子であり、L2が下記式(III)で表される配位子であることを特徴とする光増感剤。
- 請求項1において、L1は、その中に少なくとも一つのCOOH基またはPO(OH)2を有する官能基、またはπ共役にて接続したCOOH基またはPO(OH)2を有する官能基を含み、L2はその中にCOOH基およびPO(OH)2を含まず、かつ、金属酸化物半導体電極にL1を介して吸着したとき、L2の励起状態のエネルギーレベルがL1の励起状態のエネルギーレベルより少なくとも0.25eV以上高いことを特徴とする光増感剤。
- 少なくとも1つの金属酸化物半導体層を有する光起電力素子であって、前記金属酸化物半導体層が請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の光増感剤を含むことを特徴とする光起電力素子。
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CN200980113227.4A CN102007637B (zh) | 2008-03-26 | 2009-03-25 | 新型光敏剂和光伏器件 |
US12/934,447 US8471018B2 (en) | 2008-03-26 | 2009-03-25 | Photosensitizer and photovoltaic device |
EP09725121.9A EP2262049A4 (en) | 2008-03-26 | 2009-03-25 | NEW PHOTOSENSIBILIZER AND PHOTOVOLTAIC ITEM |
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JP2008290990A JP5283073B2 (ja) | 2008-03-26 | 2008-11-13 | 新規光増感剤および光起電力素子 |
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CN106317096B (zh) * | 2016-08-19 | 2019-05-28 | 华南师范大学 | 一种邻菲罗啉并咪唑型稀土配位分子基探针及其制备方法和应用 |
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JPH11176489A (ja) * | 1997-12-10 | 1999-07-02 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 光電変換素子および光再生型光電気化学電池 |
JP2002100417A (ja) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-04-05 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 光半導体電極、および光電変換装置 |
JP2004363096A (ja) * | 2003-05-13 | 2004-12-24 | Asahi Kasei Corp | 光電変換素子 |
JP2006243352A (ja) * | 2005-03-03 | 2006-09-14 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 機能性素子、エレクトロクロミック素子、光学デバイス及び撮影ユニット |
WO2007006026A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-11 | General Electric Company | Compositions and use thereof in dye sensitized solar cells |
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CN1202113C (zh) * | 2000-12-21 | 2005-05-18 | 中国科学院感光化学研究所 | 钌多吡啶配合物及其合成方法和用途 |
WO2004102724A1 (ja) | 2003-05-13 | 2004-11-25 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | 光電変換素子 |
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- 2009-03-25 KR KR1020107023662A patent/KR20110013372A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-03-25 US US12/934,447 patent/US8471018B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JPH11176489A (ja) * | 1997-12-10 | 1999-07-02 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 光電変換素子および光再生型光電気化学電池 |
JP2002100417A (ja) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-04-05 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 光半導体電極、および光電変換装置 |
JP2004363096A (ja) * | 2003-05-13 | 2004-12-24 | Asahi Kasei Corp | 光電変換素子 |
JP2006243352A (ja) * | 2005-03-03 | 2006-09-14 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 機能性素子、エレクトロクロミック素子、光学デバイス及び撮影ユニット |
WO2007006026A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-11 | General Electric Company | Compositions and use thereof in dye sensitized solar cells |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
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B. O'REGANAND; M. GRATZEL, NATURE, vol. 353, pages 737 |
M. GRATZEL, JOURNAL OF AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 123, pages 1613 |
See also references of EP2262049A4 |
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CN102007637A (zh) | 2011-04-06 |
CN102007637B (zh) | 2013-05-01 |
EP2262049A4 (en) | 2014-10-01 |
US8471018B2 (en) | 2013-06-25 |
KR20110013372A (ko) | 2011-02-09 |
JP5283073B2 (ja) | 2013-09-04 |
JP2009280789A (ja) | 2009-12-03 |
EP2262049A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
US20110108117A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
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