WO2009118341A1 - VERFAHREN ZUR DECARBOXYLATIVEN HYDROFORMYLIERUNG α,β-UNGESÄTTIGTER CARBONSÄUREN - Google Patents
VERFAHREN ZUR DECARBOXYLATIVEN HYDROFORMYLIERUNG α,β-UNGESÄTTIGTER CARBONSÄUREN Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009118341A1 WO2009118341A1 PCT/EP2009/053523 EP2009053523W WO2009118341A1 WO 2009118341 A1 WO2009118341 A1 WO 2009118341A1 EP 2009053523 W EP2009053523 W EP 2009053523W WO 2009118341 A1 WO2009118341 A1 WO 2009118341A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- cycloalkyl
- aryl
- formula
- hetaryl
- Prior art date
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- 150000007934 α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 69
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 76
- -1 nitro, cyano, amino Chemical group 0.000 claims description 44
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000000 cycloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910003849 O-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910003872 O—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims 3
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001955 cumulated effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 14
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000911 decarboxylating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910003813 NRa Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 55
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 32
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- UQIKUNKQMLLDHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)P(=O)(C1=CC=CC(=N1)C(=O)NC(=N)N)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)P(=O)(C1=CC=CC(=N1)C(=O)NC(=N)N)C1=CC=CC=C1 UQIKUNKQMLLDHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 17
- CWMPPVPFLSZGCY-VOTSOKGWSA-N (2E)-oct-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O CWMPPVPFLSZGCY-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 15
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- NUJGJRNETVAIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=O NUJGJRNETVAIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004009 13C{1H}-NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- CWMPPVPFLSZGCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Octenoic Acid Natural products CCCCCC=CC(O)=O CWMPPVPFLSZGCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 9
- RKFNAZGRJVNWEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-cyclohexylpropanal Chemical compound O=CCCC1CCCCC1 RKFNAZGRJVNWEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 238000000451 chemical ionisation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- KNLINXSTPQBAGV-WEVVVXLNSA-N (2e)-5,9-dimethyldeca-2,8-dienoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)C\C=C\C(O)=O KNLINXSTPQBAGV-WEVVVXLNSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GYEYFOYXHNRMGO-VOTSOKGWSA-N (e)-3-cyclohexylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C1CCCCC1 GYEYFOYXHNRMGO-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FTHUQCQZQRXJLF-HWKANZROSA-N (e)-5-methylhex-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C\C=C\C(O)=O FTHUQCQZQRXJLF-HWKANZROSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KTVXYLHMAIGPFP-DUXPYHPUSA-N (e)-5-methylsulfanylpent-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CSCC\C=C\C(O)=O KTVXYLHMAIGPFP-DUXPYHPUSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000023 Kugelrohr distillation Methods 0.000 description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical class C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- KMPQYAYAQWNLME-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=O KMPQYAYAQWNLME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RFHKVLKBWQIQDY-MVQNEBOGSA-N (2e,6e)-dodeca-2,6-dienoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C\CC\C=C\C(O)=O RFHKVLKBWQIQDY-MVQNEBOGSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SRQNKMZZRMEJTI-ZHACJKMWSA-N 2-[(e)-undec-1-enyl]propanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O SRQNKMZZRMEJTI-ZHACJKMWSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QAOXMQCWUWZZNC-ONEGZZNKSA-N 4-Methyl-2-pentenoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)\C=C\C(O)=O QAOXMQCWUWZZNC-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- KGEACANGAYABKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-oxododecanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC=O KGEACANGAYABKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JGEGJYXHCFUMJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpentanal Chemical compound CC(C)CCC=O JGEGJYXHCFUMJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GEKRISJWBAIIAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methylhexanal Chemical compound CC(C)CCCC=O GEKRISJWBAIIAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XKBXXRNKFGIWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxydodecanal Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCC=O XKBXXRNKFGIWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VBVOIVFHZZZYAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 14,14-dimethoxytetradecanal Chemical compound COC(OC)CCCCCCCCCCCCC=O VBVOIVFHZZZYAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- CLROSSJYBOWFDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,9-dimethyldec-8-enal Chemical compound O=CCCCC(C)CCC=C(C)C CLROSSJYBOWFDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WTFRWYFWAKRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methylsulfanylpentanal Chemical compound CSCCCCC=O WTFRWYFWAKRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WJHNPVMSLFCBGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-phenylheptanal Chemical compound O=CCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 WJHNPVMSLFCBGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FEEGRSNUPADTST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-oxononanal Chemical compound CC(=O)CCCCCCC=O FEEGRSNUPADTST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WAZKJAVMHVQKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-oxononyl benzoate Chemical compound O=CCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WAZKJAVMHVQKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MCJSEBFJESIISS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-oxononyl n-phenylcarbamate Chemical compound O=CCCCCCCCCOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 MCJSEBFJESIISS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DLDFLUBJPHXSHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-phenylmethoxynonanal Chemical compound O=CCCCCCCCCOCC1=CC=CC=C1 DLDFLUBJPHXSHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Chemical class COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YNWSXIWHOSSPCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(2+) Chemical compound [Rh+2] YNWSXIWHOSSPCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RILFOORPZLBCJK-CSKARUKUSA-N (2E)-12-hydroxydodec-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O RILFOORPZLBCJK-CSKARUKUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006656 (C2-C4) alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- UUHOIJOIVDJZHN-ACCUITESSA-N (e)-14,14-dimethoxytetradec-2-enoic acid Chemical compound COC(OC)CCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O UUHOIJOIVDJZHN-ACCUITESSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TYJQVCVBLSLRSU-YRNVUSSQSA-N (e)-7-phenylhept-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 TYJQVCVBLSLRSU-YRNVUSSQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HIHFTXAWSNMXNO-ZRDIBKRKSA-N (e)-9-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxynon-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O HIHFTXAWSNMXNO-ZRDIBKRKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RKSXBPZEKYUCII-VOTSOKGWSA-N (e)-dodec-6-enal Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C\CCCCC=O RKSXBPZEKYUCII-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LKUDPHPHKOZXCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(OC)=C1 LKUDPHPHKOZXCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPRTWDODENWXPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxynonanal Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OCCCCCCCCC=O BPRTWDODENWXPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004448 alkyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004696 alkyl sulfanyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NEHNMFOYXAPHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N citronellal Chemical compound O=CCC(C)CCC=C(C)C NEHNMFOYXAPHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KVFDZFBHBWTVID-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanecarbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1CCCCC1 KVFDZFBHBWTVID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanal Chemical compound CCCCCC=O JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ORTFAQDWJHRMNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxidooxidocarbon(.) Chemical group O[C]=O ORTFAQDWJHRMNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleric acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(O)=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000000302 molecular modelling Methods 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000005538 phosphinite group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonous acid Chemical compound OPO XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008300 phosphoramidites Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PZSJYEAHAINDJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+) Chemical class [Rh+3] PZSJYEAHAINDJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SVOOVMQUISJERI-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Rh+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O SVOOVMQUISJERI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- IGBBVTAVILYDIO-MDZDMXLPSA-N trans-undec-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O IGBBVTAVILYDIO-MDZDMXLPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DAFHKNAQFPVRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) 2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)C DAFHKNAQFPVRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006710 (C2-C12) alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006711 (C2-C12) alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006650 (C2-C4) alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001454 (E)-dec-4-enal Substances 0.000 description 1
- DLLIKHDFYLCDGC-FNORWQNLSA-N (e)-8-oxonon-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CCCC\C=C\C(O)=O DLLIKHDFYLCDGC-FNORWQNLSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005497 tetraalkylphosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001935 tetracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005063 tetradecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001412 tetrahydropyranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003507 tetrahydrothiofenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001984 thiazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004001 thioalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005040 tridecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxidane Chemical compound OOO JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005065 undecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/49—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide
- C07C45/50—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
- B01J31/2404—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/28—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the hydroxylic moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/29—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the hydroxylic moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by introduction of oxygen-containing functional groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
- C07F7/1872—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20
- C07F7/1892—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20 by reactions not provided for in C07F7/1876 - C07F7/1888
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/30—Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
- B01J2231/32—Addition reactions to C=C or C-C triple bonds
- B01J2231/321—Hydroformylation, metalformylation, carbonylation or hydroaminomethylation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/001—General concepts, e.g. reviews, relating to catalyst systems and methods of making them, the concept being defined by a common material or method/theory
- B01J2531/002—Materials
- B01J2531/004—Ligands
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of aldehydes by reacting an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid or its salt with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a complex of a metal of VIII.
- a catalyst comprises a complex of a metal of VIII.
- dimerization-capable ligands in hydroformylation catalysts d. H. of ligands capable of forming aggregates is described, for example, in B. Breit and W. Seiche, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 6608-6609, in EP 1 486 481, in PCT / EP 2007/059722 or in DE 10 2006 041 064.
- none of the aforementioned documents describes the ability of the ligands to aggregate with the compound (substrate) to be reacted.
- ligands are capable of interacting with the carboxylic acid group of the unsaturated carboxylic acids to be hydroformylated.
- a high regio- and chemoselectivity of the hydroformylation reaction with respect to the reacted functional group is achieved.
- the reaction of ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acids in the presence of the described catalysts under hydroformylation conditions is not described herein.
- the process should be capable of hydrogenating the conjugated C-C double bond of the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid in high yield while maintaining the high carboxylic acid group Selectivity and yield in an aldehyde group to convert.
- the process should be applicable in the presence of further functional groups, such as double bonds, carboxyl-containing functional groups or hydrolysis-sensitive protecting groups, with high selectivity towards undesired side reactions.
- no hydrogenation and / or isomerization of the further double bonds should be effected by the process in the reaction of ⁇ , ß-unsaturated carboxylic acids containing further, non-conjugated double bonds.
- the process according to the invention is also particularly suitable for the selective hydrogenation of the conjugated double bond and for the replacement of the carboxylic acid group with an aldehyde group on ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acids which have further functional groups capable of reacting under conventional reduction conditions.
- the present invention therefore provides a process for preparing aldehydes by reacting an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid or its salt with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst,
- the catalyst comprises at least one complex of a metal of transition group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements with at least one compound of formula (I),
- Pn is a pnicogen atom
- W is a divalent bridging group of 1 to 8 bridging atoms between the flanking bonds
- R 1 is a functional group capable of forming at least one intermolecular, noncovalent bond with the group -X (OO) OH of the compound of the formula (I),
- R 2 and R 3 independently of one another are alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl, where alkyl is unsubstituted or 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy , Heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, hetaryl and hetaryloxy, and where cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl can be unsubstituted or have 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents which are selected from alkyl and the above for the alkyl substituents; or together with the pnicogen atom and, if present together with the groups Y 2 and Y 3, represent a 5- to 8-membered heterocycle which is not or additionally mono-, di-, tri- or tetravalent with cycloal
- a, b and c are independently 0 or 1 and
- Y 1 , Y 2 and Y 3 independently of one another are O, S, NR a , or SiR b R c , where R a , R b and R c independently of one another represent hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl wherein alkyl may be unsubstituted or 1, 2, 3, 4 or
- substituents selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, hetaryl and hetaryloxy, and wherein cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl be unsubstituted or 1, 2, 3, 4 or may have 5 substituents which are selected from alkyl and the substituents previously mentioned for the alkyl.
- the process according to the invention is characterized in particular by the number of carbon atoms of the aldehyde produced corresponding to the number of carbon atoms of the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid used.
- ligands of the formula (I) which have a functional group R 1 which is capable of forming intermolecular, noncovalent bonds with the carboxylic acid group of the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid. These bonds are preferably hydrogen bonds or ionic bonds, in particular hydrogen bonds.
- the functional groups capable of forming intermolecular noncovalent bonds enable the ligands to associate with ⁇ , ß-unsaturated carboxylic acids, ie to form aggregates in the form of hetero-dimers.
- a pair of ligand and ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid functional groups capable of forming intermolecular noncovalent bonds is referred to as “complementary” in the present invention.
- “Complementary compounds” are ligand / carboxylic acid pairs that have complementary functional groups. Such pairs are for association, i. H. capable of forming aggregates.
- halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, preferably fluorine, chlorine and bromine.
- pnicogen stands for phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth, in particular phosphorus.
- alkyl represents straight-chain and branched alkyl groups. These are preferably straight-chain or branched C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, preferably C 1 -C 12 -alkyl, more preferably C 1 -C 5 -alkyl, and very particularly preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkyl groups.
- alkyl groups are in particular methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1, 2 Dimethylpropyl, 1, 1-dimethylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1, 2-dimethylbutyl, 1, 3-dimethylbutyl, 2, 3-dimethylbutyl, 1, 1-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1, 1, 2-trimethylpropyl,
- alkyl also includes substituted alkyl groups, which generally have 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, preferably 1, 2 or 3 and particularly preferably 1 substituent. These are preferably selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, hetaryl and hetaryloxy.
- Chb groups may be both internal methylene groups of the alkyl groups and the methylene portion of a terminal methyl group.
- alkyl groups are accordingly in each case unsubstituted or substituted hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxycarbonylalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, trialkylsilyloxyalkyl, hydroxycarbonyloxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyloxyalkyl, N- (hydroxycarbonyl) aminoalkyl, N- (hydroxycarbonyl) -N-alkylaminoalkyl, N- (alkoxycarbonyl) aminoalkyl , N- (alkoxycarbonyl) -N-alkylaminoalkyl, hydroxycarbonylsulfanylalkyl, alkoxycarbonylsulfanylalkyl, aminoalkyl, N-alkylaminoalkyl, N, N-dialkylaminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, N-alkylaminocarbonylalkyl, N, N-dialkylaminocarbonylalkyl, aminocarbony
- Chb groups for example 2 to 5 Chb groups, are replaced, i.
- Alkyl groups which have several of the above-exemplified functional groups in combination.
- the abovementioned groups are each preferably derived from C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, more preferably from C 1 -C 12 -alkyl and very particularly preferably from C 1 -C 8 -alkyl.
- alkyl is alkyl groups in which one or more nonadjacent Chb groups have been replaced
- the substituents are preferably selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl.
- alkenyl is both unsubstituted and substituted straight-chain and branched mono- or polyethylenically unsaturated alkenyl groups. These are preferably straight-chain or branched C 2 -C 20 -alkenyl, preferably C 2 -C 12 -alkenyl, particularly preferably C 2 -C 4 -alkenyl and very particularly preferably C 2 -C 4 -alkenyl groups. With regard to suitable and preferred substituents, the statements made with respect to alkyl apply mutatis mutandis.
- alkynyl represents both unsubstituted and substituted straight-chain and branched mono- or polyunsaturated alkynyl groups. These are preferably straight-chain or branched C 2 -C 20 -alkynyl, preferably C 2 -C 12 -alkynyl, and very particularly preferably C 2 -C 4 -alkynyl,
- cycloalkyl is both unsubstituted and substituted cycloalkyl groups, preferably C3-C7-cycloalkyl groups, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl.
- these may in general carry 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, preferably 1, 2 or 3 and particularly preferably 1 substituent.
- these substituents are selected from alkyl, alkoxy and halogen.
- heterocycloalkyl denotes saturated, cycloaliphatic groups having generally 4 to 7, preferably 5 or 6, ring atoms in which 1 or 2 of the ring carbon atoms are represented by heteroatoms selected from the elements O, N, S and P. , are replaced and can be unsubstituted or substituted, wherein in the case of a substitution, these heterocycloaliphatic groups 1, 2 or 3, preferably 1 or 2, particularly preferably 1 substituent can carry.
- substituents are preferably selected from alkyl, halogen, cyano, nitro, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, hetaryl and hetaryloxy, particularly preferred are alkyl radicals.
- alkyl radicals Exemplary of such heterocycloaliphatic groups are pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl,
- aryl is both unsubstituted and substituted aryl groups, preferably phenyl, ToIyI, XyIyI, mesityl, naphthyl, fluoro, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl or naphthacenyl and particularly preferably phenyl or naphthyl, these aryl groups in the case of a substitution in general 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, preferably 1, 2 or 3 and particularly preferably a substituent selected from alkyl, halogen, cyano, nitro, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, Aryl, aryloxy, hetaryl and hetaryloxy can carry.
- heterocycloaromatic groups preferably selected from pyridyl, quinolinyl, acridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, indoisyl, purinyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, 1, 2,3-triazolyl, 1, 3,4-triazolyl and carbazolyl.
- these heterocycloaromatic groups may generally have 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from alkyl, halogen, cyano, nitro, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl and hetaryloxy.
- C 1 -C 4 -alkylene is unsubstituted or substituted methylene, 1, 2-ethylene, 1, 3-propylene, 1, 4-butylene, this being in the case of a Substitutioni, 2, 3 or 4 substituents, selected from alkyl, halogen, cyano, nitro, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, hetaryl and hetaryloxy can carry.
- alkyl alkyl
- cycloalkyl heterocycloalkyl
- aryl aryl
- hetaryl alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, heterocycloalkoxy, aryloxy and hetaryloxy.
- decarboxylative hydroformylation is used in the context of the present invention for reactions in which, under hydroformylation conditions, ie when reacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst, the conjugated CC- Double bond of an ⁇ , ß-unsaturated carboxylic acid in a CC single bond and the carboxylic acid group of the same ⁇ , ß-unsaturated carboxylic acid are converted into an aldehyde group.
- the reaction product of the decarboxylative hydroformylation is thus an ⁇ , ⁇ -saturated aldehyde having the same number of C atoms as the reacted ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid.
- the catalyst comprising a metal of subgroup VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements and a compound of formula (I) is substituted by the group R 1 capable of forming an intermolecular, noncovalent bond with the compound of ⁇ , ß-unsaturated carboxylic acids forms an aggregate, wherein the CC double bond of the ⁇ , ß-unsaturated carboxylic acids is capable of interacting with the complex-bound metal of VIII. Subgroup.
- a supramolecular, cyclic transition state could be run through.
- Pn in the compounds of the formula (I) is preferably phosphorus.
- Suitable examples of such compounds of the formula (I) are phosphine, phosphinite, phosphonite, phosphoramidite or phosphite compounds.
- R 1 in the compounds of the formula (I) is a functional group comprising at least one NH group.
- R w , R y and R z are each independently of one another H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl or in each case together with a further substituent of the compound of formula (I) are part of a 4- to 8- are membered ring system.
- R 2 and R 3 in the compounds of the formula (I) are preferably each unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, pyridyl or cyclohexyl. More preferably R 2 and R 3 are unsubstituted or substituted phenyl.
- the indices a, b and c in the compounds of the formula (I) are preferably 0.
- the compounds of the formula (I) used according to the invention are selected from compounds of the formula (Ia),
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , Y 1 , Y 2 and Y 3 have one of the meanings given above,
- W is a divalent bridging group with 1 to 5 bridging atoms between the flanking bonds
- R 1 , R 11 , R 111 , R IV , R v , R V ", R VM , R VIII , R IX and d when R x are each independently H, halogen, nitro, cyano, amino, alkyl, alkoxy alkylamino , Dialkylamino,
- Z in the compounds of the formula (La) is preferably N (R IX ) or C (R IX ) (R X ). Z is particularly preferably N (R IX ).
- radicals R 1 with R ", R IV with R v ⁇ and R vm with R ⁇ x in the compound of the formula (La) are preferably in each case in each case common to the bond moiety of a double bond between the adjacent ring atoms, ie in the compound of the formula (La) the six-membered ring is preferably substituted benzene or pyridine.
- R 1 ", R v , R v " and, if present, R x in the compounds of the formula (La) are each, independently of one another, preferably H, halogen, nitro, cyano, amino, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -Alicoxy Ci-C4-alkylamino or di (Ci-C4-alkyl) amino.
- Particularly preferred are R m , R v , R VM and if present R x for H.
- the compounds of the formula (I) or (La) are selected from the compounds of the formulas (1.1) and (I.2)
- the compound of the formula (1.1) is very particularly preferably used in the hydroformylation process according to the invention.
- the catalysts used according to the invention have at least one compound of the formula (I) or (La), as described above, as ligands.
- the catalysts may also contain at least one other ligand, preferably selected from halides, amines, carboxylates, acetylacetonate, aryl or alkylsulfonates, hydride, CO, olefins, dienes, cycloolynes, nitriles, N containing heterocycles, aromatics and heteroaromatics, ethers, PF3, phospholes, phosphabenzenes and mono-, bi- and polydentate phosphine, phosphinite, phosphonite, phosphoramidite and phosphite.
- the catalysts used in the invention have at least one metal of VIII. Subgroup of the Periodic Table of the Elements. It is preferable in the metal of the VIII. Subgroup to Co, Ru, Rh, Ir, Pd or Pt, more preferably to Co, Ru, Rh or Ir and most preferably to Rh.
- catalytically active species of the general formula H x My (CO) z Lq are formed under hydroformylation conditions from the particular catalysts or catalyst precursors used, where M is the metal of subgroup VIII, L is a pnicogen-containing compound of formula (I) and q, x, y, z are integers depending on the valence and type of metal and the ligand L's binding.
- z and q are independently of one another at least a value of 1, such. B. 1, 2 or 3.
- the sum of z and q is preferably from 1 to 5.
- the complexes may additionally have one or more of the other ligands described above.
- the hydroformylation catalysts are prepared in situ in the reactor used for the hydroformylation reaction. If desired, however, the catalysts according to the invention can also be prepared separately and isolated by customary processes. For in situ preparation of the catalysts of the invention can be z.
- Suitable rhodium compounds or complexes are, for. Rhodium (II) and rhodium (III) salts, such as rhodium (III) chloride, rhodium (III) nitrate, rhodium (III) sulfate, potassium rhodium sulfate, rhodium (II) or Rhodium (III) carboxylate, rhodium (II) and rhodium (III) acetate, rhodium (III) oxide, salts of rhodium (III) acid, trisammonium hexachlororhodate (III), etc.
- Rhodium (II) and rhodium (III) salts such as rhodium (III) chloride, rhodium (III) nitrate, rhodium (III) sulfate, potassium rhodium sulfate, rhodium (II) or Rh
- rhodium complexes are suitable such as rhodium bis-carbonyl acetylacetonate, acetylacetonato-bis-ethyl rhodium (I), etc.
- rhodium bis-carbonyl acetylacetonate or rhodium acetate are used.
- ruthenium salts or compounds are, for example, ruthenium (III) chloride, ruthenium (IV), ruthenium (VI) or ruthenium (VIII) oxide, alkali metal salts of ruthenium oxygen acids such as K 2 RUO 4 or KRuO 4 or complex compounds, such as. B. RuHCl (CO) (PPh3) 3.
- metal carbonyls of ruthenium such as trisruthenium dodecacarbonyl or hexaruthenium octadecacarbonyl, or mixed forms in which CO has been partly replaced by ligands of the formula PR3, such as Ru (CO) 3 (PPhi3) 2, in the process according to the invention.
- Suitable cobalt compounds are, for example, cobalt (II) chloride, cobalt (II) sulfate, cobalt (II) carbonate, cobalt (II) nitrate, their amine or hydrate complexes, cobaltcarboxylic acid. late, such as cobalt acetate, cobalt ethylhexanoate, cobalt naphthanoate, and the cobalt caproate complex.
- the carbonyl complexes of cobalt such as dicobaltoctacarbonyl, Tetracobaltdodecacarbonyl and Hexacobalthexadecacarbonyl can be used.
- Suitable activating agents are, for. B. Bronsted acids, Lewis acids, such as. BF3, AICb, ZnCb, and Lewis bases.
- Suitable solvents are halogenated hydrocarbons, such as dichloromethane or chloroform.
- Further suitable solvents are ethers, such as tert-butyl methyl ether, diphenyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids with alkanols, for example ethyl acetate or oxo oils, such as Palatinol TM or Texanol TM, aromatics, such as toluene and xylene, hydrocarbons or mixtures of hydrocarbons.
- the molar ratio of Monopnicogenligand (I) to VIII metal subgroup is generally in a range of about 1: 1 to 1000: 1, preferably from 2: 1 to 500: 1 and more preferably from 5: 1 to 100: 1.
- the decarboxylative hydroformylation reaction may be continuous, semi-continuous or batchwise.
- Suitable reactors for the continuous reaction are known in the art and z. As described in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Vol. 1, 3rd ed., 1951, p 743 ff.
- Suitable pressure-resistant reactors are also known in the art and z. B. in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Vol. 1, 3rd edition, 1951, p. 769 ff. Described.
- an autoclave is used for the process according to the invention, which if desired can be mixed with a stirring device and an internal can be provided lining.
- composition of the synthesis gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen used in the process according to the invention can vary within wide ranges.
- the molar ratio of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is usually about 5:95 to 70:30, preferably about 40:60 to 60:40. Most preferably, a molar ratio of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the range of about 50:50 is used.
- the temperature in the hydroformylation reaction is generally in a range of about 10 to 180 ° C., preferably about 20 to 120 ° C.
- the pressure is in a range of about 1 to 700 bar, preferably 1 to 400 bar, in particular 1 to 200 bar.
- the reaction pressure can be varied depending on the activity of the catalyst used.
- the catalysts based on pnicogen-containing compounds of the formula (I) used according to the invention permit a reaction in a range of low pressures, such as in the range from 5 to 50 bar.
- the catalysts used according to the invention can be separated from the reaction effluent by customary methods known to those skilled in the art and can generally be used again as catalyst for the decarboxylative hydroformylation.
- the catalysts described above can also be suitably, for. B. by attachment via suitable as anchor groups functional groups, adsorption, grafting, etc. to a suitable carrier, eg. Example of glass, silica gel, resins, polymers, etc., be immobilized. They are then also suitable for use as solid phase catalysts.
- a suitable carrier eg. Example of glass, silica gel, resins, polymers, etc.
- the catalysts used according to the invention show a high selectivity with respect to the substrates or functional groups to be reacted with respect to the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid groups capable of forming intermolecular, noncovalent bonds.
- the catalysts used according to the invention furthermore exhibit a high activity, so that as a rule the corresponding aldehydes are obtained in high yields.
- the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acids to be reacted by the process according to the invention can have a multiplicity of functional groups, such as, for example, further nonconjugated C-C double bonds or C-C triple bonds or hydroxy, ether, acetal, amino, thioether, carbonyl, carboxylic acid -, carboxylic ester, amido, carbamate, urethane, urea or Silylether phenomenon, and / or substituents such as halogen, cyano or nitro.
- functional groups and substituents are not subject to reaction under the reaction conditions according to the invention.
- ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acids or their salts are reacted, as described, for example, as natural or synthetic fatty acids and by industrial processes such as oxo synthesis, SHOP process (Shell higher olefin process) or Ziegler-Natta - Methods, or are accessible by metathesis.
- this embodiment is ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acids having predominantly linear alkyl or alkenyl radicals.
- R 4 is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl,
- one or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups in alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl are independently of one another denoted by -O-, -OC (OO) -, -O-Si (R 4a ) (R 4b ) -,
- R 4a and R 4b are independently alkyl and R 4c is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl, and
- alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl may be unsubstituted or may have one or more substituents selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl, and
- cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl may be unsubstituted or may have 1 to 5 substituents selected from alkyl and the substituents previously mentioned for alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl.
- R 4 has the meaning given to the compound of formula (II).
- R 4 is especially H, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or aryl, more particularly alkyl or alkenyl and in particular C 1 -C 20 -alkyl or C 3 -C 20 -alkenyl, one or a plurality of non-adjacent CH 2 groups may be substituted in alkyl or alkenyl independently as defined above and wherein alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl and aryl may be unsubstituted or may have one or more substituents.
- the radicals R 4a and R 4b are preferably selected independently of one another from C 1 -C 20 -alkyl and particularly preferably from C 1 -C 4 -alkyl.
- the radicals R 4c are preferably selected independently of one another from H, alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl, particularly preferably from H, C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, C 5 -C 8 -cycloalkyl or phenyl, where alkyl, cycloalkyl and Aryl may be unsubstituted or may have 1 to 5 substituents.
- R 4 in the compounds of the formulas (II) and (III) is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, optionally present substituents are preferably selected independently from among cycloalkyl and aryl. Particularly preferably, such substituents are independently selected from C3-C7-cycloalkyl or phenyl. In particular, optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl has 1 to 5 substituents.
- R 4 in the compounds of the formulas (II) and (III) is cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl
- substituents are preferably selected independently of one another from alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl. Particular preference is given to those substituents which are independently selected from C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, especially C 1 -C 12 -alkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl and phenyl.
- optionally substituted cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl has 1 to 5 substituents.
- Another object of the invention relates to the use of catalysts comprising at least one complex of a metal of VIII. Subgroup with at least one ligand of the formula (I), as described above, for the decarboxylative hydroformylation of ⁇ , ß-unsaturated carboxylic acids.
- ligand of the formula (I) as described above, for the decarboxylative hydroformylation of ⁇ , ß-unsaturated carboxylic acids.
- NMR spectra were recorded on a Varian Mercury spectrometer (300 MHz for 1 H NMR, 75 MHz for 13 C NMR) or a Bruker AMX 400 (400 MHz for 1 H NMR, 101 MHz for 13 C-NMR) and were referenced by internal TMS standard.
- a 6890N AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES was used (column: 24079 SUPELCO, Supelcowax 10, 30.0 x 0.25mm x 0:25 microns; Temperature: 175 0 C isothermal; flow: He 1 ml / min; tion times retentate: octanal (2.2 min.), tetradecane (2.3 min.), octanol (2.85 min.)). Elemental analyzes were carried out on an elementar vario (from Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH).
- Method A General procedure for the preparation of ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acids (by Knoevenagel-Doebner reaction)
- Method B General procedure for the decarboxylative hydroformylation of ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acids
- the hydroformylation reactions were carried out in a stainless steel autoclave (100 ml premex stainless steel autoclave Medintex) with glass insert, magnetic stirrer (1000 rpm) and sample outlet.
- the hydroformylation solutions were prepared in a Schlenk flask [Rh (CO) 2acac], the compound of formula I and optionally an internal standard (1, 3,5-trimethoxybenzene for NMR analysis, tetradecane for GC analysis) and the solvent were submitted.
- the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid was added to the mixture and stirred for 5 minutes under argon atmosphere.
- the resulting reaction solution was transferred to the autoclave under argon atmosphere with a syringe.
- the autoclave was then rinsed once with the synthesis gas (CO / H2).
- the reaction was carried out under the following conditions.
- N- (6-diphenylphosphinylpyridin-2-ylcarbonyl) guanidine (1.1) was prepared according to the preparation method of Angew. Chem. 2008, 120, 2, 317-321.
- Oct-2-enoic acid was reacted under the reaction conditions mentioned below according to method B to the corresponding aldehyde.
- the yields of the reaction products obtained, based on the molar amount of the ⁇ , ß-unsaturated carboxylic acid over time are summarized in Table 2.
- Example 1 Preparation of octanal a) providing (E) oct-2-enoic acid
- 12-Hydroxydodecanal was isolated by filtering the reaction mixture over silica gel (washed 3x with CH 2 Cl 2 / diethyl ether (2: 1) and then removing the solvent under reduced pressure as a colorless solid (279 mg, yield 87%).
- the NMR data of the isolated product was consistent with the literature.
- N-phenylcarbamic acid 9-oxononyl ester was isolated from the crude product by flash chromatography (cyclohexane / ethyl acetate, 3: 1) as a white solid (341.7 mg, 77% yield).
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Abstract
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US12/934,743 US20110028746A1 (en) | 2008-03-26 | 2009-03-25 | Method for the decarboxylative hydroformylation of alpha, beta- unsaturated carboxylic acids |
EP09723824A EP2268397A1 (de) | 2008-03-26 | 2009-03-25 | Verfahren zur decarboxylativen hydroformylierung , alpha, beta-ungesättigter carbonsäuren |
CN2009801107107A CN101980780A (zh) | 2008-03-26 | 2009-03-25 | α,β-不饱和羧酸的脱羧加氢甲酰基化方法 |
JP2011501221A JP2011515443A (ja) | 2008-03-26 | 2009-03-25 | α,β−不飽和カルボン酸の脱カルボキシルヒドロホルミル化法 |
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DE102008015773A DE102008015773A1 (de) | 2008-03-26 | 2008-03-26 | Verfahren zur decarboxylativen Hydroformylierung alpha,beta-ungesättigter Carbonsäuren |
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JP (1) | JP2011515443A (de) |
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CA2981179A1 (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2016-10-06 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Analyte sensing for eye injuries and conditions |
CN112979703B (zh) * | 2021-03-01 | 2022-08-05 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种氢甲酰化反应配体,氢甲酰化催化剂及二元醇的制备方法 |
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GB2274457A (en) * | 1993-01-25 | 1994-07-27 | Shell Int Research | Hydroformylation of unsaturated carbonyl compounds |
DE10313319A1 (de) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-07 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Hydroformylierung |
DE102006041064A1 (de) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-03-08 | Basf Ag | Peptidgruppenhaltige Phosphorverbindungen |
DE102007052640A1 (de) * | 2007-11-05 | 2009-05-07 | Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg | Verfahren zur Hydroformylierung |
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JP5566103B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-06 | 2014-08-06 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | 光学活性な3−アミノカルボン酸エステルの製造方法 |
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DE10313319A1 (de) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-07 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Hydroformylierung |
DE102006041064A1 (de) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-03-08 | Basf Ag | Peptidgruppenhaltige Phosphorverbindungen |
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US20110028746A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
EP2268397A1 (de) | 2011-01-05 |
KR20100126551A (ko) | 2010-12-01 |
CN101980780A (zh) | 2011-02-23 |
DE102008015773A1 (de) | 2009-10-01 |
JP2011515443A (ja) | 2011-05-19 |
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