WO2009098862A1 - 冷凍装置 - Google Patents
冷凍装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009098862A1 WO2009098862A1 PCT/JP2009/000405 JP2009000405W WO2009098862A1 WO 2009098862 A1 WO2009098862 A1 WO 2009098862A1 JP 2009000405 W JP2009000405 W JP 2009000405W WO 2009098862 A1 WO2009098862 A1 WO 2009098862A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- refrigerant
- compression
- compression mechanism
- heat exchanger
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/002—Lubrication
- F25B31/004—Lubrication oil recirculating arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
- F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/02742—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using two four-way valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/14—Power generation using energy from the expansion of the refrigerant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/14—Power generation using energy from the expansion of the refrigerant
- F25B2400/141—Power generation using energy from the expansion of the refrigerant the extracted power is not recycled back in the refrigerant circuit
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refrigeration apparatus including a refrigerant circuit that performs a refrigeration cycle by circulating refrigerant, and particularly relates to energy saving measures for the refrigeration apparatus.
- Patent Document 1 discloses this type of refrigeration apparatus.
- a compressor, a cyclone (oil separator), a radiator, a use side heat exchanger, and the like are connected to the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration apparatus to form a refrigerant circuit.
- the high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the compressor flows into the oil separator.
- oil separator oil is separated from the high-pressure refrigerant.
- the separated oil is cooled through a radiator and then supplied to the suction side of the compressor.
- the refrigerant is cooled by the oil. For this reason, during the compression stroke of the compressor, the temperature of the refrigerant hardly rises, and the refrigerant is compressed in a state close to isothermal compression.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a point, and an object thereof is to provide a refrigeration apparatus capable of effectively reducing the power of the compression mechanism.
- a first invention is directed to a refrigeration apparatus including a refrigerant circuit (11) connected to a compression mechanism (20) to perform a refrigeration cycle.
- the refrigerant circuit (11) is compressed by the compression mechanism (20).
- Oil separating means (60) for separating oil from the high-pressure refrigerant, and oil separated by the oil separating means (60) so as to cool the refrigerant in the compression stroke of the compression mechanism (20).
- an oil supply circuit (70) for supplying oil to the oil supply circuit (70), and a recovery mechanism (40) for recovering the energy of the oil flowing through the oil supply circuit (70). It is characterized by.
- high-pressure oil is separated from the high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the compression mechanism (20) by the oil separation means (60).
- the separated oil is supplied to the compression mechanism (20) through the oil supply circuit (70) so as to cool the refrigerant in the compression stroke of the compression mechanism (20).
- the oil supply circuit (70) of the present invention is provided with a recovery mechanism (40) for recovering oil energy.
- the oil separated from the high-pressure refrigerant by the oil separation means (60) is used to convert the power used for boosting the oil in the compression mechanism (20) into kinetic energy, potential energy, pressure energy, etc. I have it as energy.
- the recovery mechanism (40) recovers the power of the oil after separation (that is, the energy of the oil). For this reason, even if a large amount of oil is supplied to the compression mechanism (20) via the oil supply circuit (70) and the power required for boosting the oil increases, the power required for boosting the oil is recovered by the recovery mechanism (40 ) Can be recovered. Therefore, in the present invention, the power required for compressing the refrigerant can be reduced by supplying a large amount of oil to the compression mechanism (20), and the power required for pressurizing the large amount of oil is not wasted.
- the oil supply circuit (70) is configured so that the refrigerant is isothermally compressed during at least a part of the compression stroke of the compression mechanism (20). It is characterized by supplying oil to (20).
- the oil supply circuit (70) of the second invention supplies oil to the compression mechanism (20) so that the refrigerant is isothermally compressed during at least a part of the compression stroke of the compression mechanism (20).
- the temperature of the refrigerant hardly rises, thereby reducing the power required for the compression of the refrigerant in the compression mechanism (20).
- the power required to pressurize the oil in the compression mechanism (20) increases.
- the recovery mechanism (40) recovers the energy of the oil in the oil supply circuit (70), the power required for boosting the oil in the compression mechanism (20) is not wasted.
- the refrigerant circuit (11) is configured to perform a refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant is compressed to a critical pressure or higher by the compression mechanism (20). It is a feature.
- a refrigeration cycle is performed in which the high-pressure refrigerant is equal to or higher than the critical pressure.
- a refrigeration cycle hereinafter referred to as a supercritical cycle
- the effect of reducing the compression power of the refrigerant due to the introduction of low-temperature oil into the compression mechanism (20) is increased.
- the refrigerant in the supercritical cycle, even if the refrigerant is cooled in the compression stroke of the compression mechanism (20), the refrigerant is not pressurized and condensed as superheated steam. That is, in the compression stroke of the supercritical cycle, even if the refrigerant is cooled, the refrigerant does not reach the gas-liquid two-phase region (condensation region). Therefore, in the present invention, compared with a general refrigeration cycle (a refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant is compressed in a range smaller than the critical pressure), the effect of reducing the compression power of the refrigerant by so-called isothermal compression can be improved.
- a general refrigeration cycle a refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant is compressed in a range smaller than the critical pressure
- the oil supply circuit (70) supplies oil during the compression stroke of the compression mechanism (20). It is characterized by being.
- the oil cooled to a relatively low temperature by the cooling means (80) is in the middle of the compression stroke of the compression mechanism (20) (that is, the intermediate pressure between the suction pressure and the discharge pressure of the refrigerant).
- the refrigerant has already been compressed (adiabatic compression) and heated up. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the refrigerant from becoming cooler than the oil by introducing the low-temperature oil into this portion. Thereby, it can avoid that a refrigerant
- coolant is heated with oil and overheated in a subsequent compression process. Therefore, it can be avoided that the effect of reducing the compression power of the refrigerant is impaired due to such overheat compression.
- the oil supply circuit (70) is configured to supply oil to the suction side of the compression mechanism (20).
- the oil that has been cooled by the cooling means (80) and has a relatively low temperature is supplied to the suction side of the compression mechanism (20).
- the recovery mechanism (40) includes a movable part (50) that is rotationally driven by oil, and the movable part (50). And an output shaft (42) to be connected.
- the recovery mechanism (40) is provided with the movable part (50) and the output shaft (42).
- the movable part (50) is rotationally driven by the oil separated from the high-pressure refrigerant.
- the output shaft (42) connected to the movable part (50) also rotates.
- Such rotational power of the output shaft (42) is used, for example, as driving power for a generator or other equipment.
- the compression mechanism (20) is configured to be connected to and driven by the output shaft (42) of the recovery mechanism (40). It is a feature.
- the power of oil recovered by the recovery mechanism (40) (that is, the energy of the oil) is used as a power source of the compression mechanism (20) via the output shaft (42).
- the compression mechanism (20) The power required to pressurize the oil increases.
- the power recovered by the recovery mechanism (40) increases, and the power of the compression mechanism (20) decreases by the increase in this power. .
- the low-temperature oil is positively introduced into the compression mechanism (20), so that the compression power of the refrigerant can be effectively reduced and the power that can be recovered by the recovery mechanism (40) can be increased.
- power is effectively reduced as a whole of the compression mechanism (20), and the efficiency of the compression mechanism (20) is effectively improved.
- the refrigerant circuit (11) is driven to rotate by the refrigerant and is connected to the output shaft (42) of the recovery mechanism (40).
- An expansion mechanism (30) having a portion is provided.
- the refrigerant circuit (11) of the eighth invention is provided with an expansion mechanism (30) that is rotationally driven by the refrigerant.
- the movable part of the expansion mechanism (30) is also coupled to the output shaft (42) of the recovery mechanism (40). That is, the output shaft (42) is rotationally driven by both the power recovered by the recovery mechanism (40) and the power (ie, expansion power) obtained by the expansion of the refrigerant by the expansion mechanism (30). .
- Such rotational power of the output shaft (42) is used for driving power of the compression mechanism (20) of the seventh invention.
- a generator (45) that is driven in connection with the output shaft (42) of the recovery mechanism (40) is provided. It is characterized by this.
- the energy of the oil recovered by the recovery mechanism (40) is used as drive power for the generator (45) via the output shaft (42).
- electric power can be generated by the generator (45), and this electric power can be used as a power source for other component machines and the like.
- a tenth aspect of the invention is the refrigeration apparatus according to any one of the first to ninth aspects of the invention, wherein the oil supply circuit (70) includes oil cooling heat for cooling the oil separated by the oil separation means (60).
- a switch (80) is connected.
- the oil supply circuit (70) is provided with the oil cooling heat exchanger (80). That is, the oil separated by the oil separation means (60) is cooled by exchanging heat with a predetermined fluid by the oil cooling heat exchanger (80). The cooled oil is supplied to the compression mechanism (20) in order to cool the refrigerant during the compression stroke of the compression mechanism (20).
- An eleventh invention is the refrigeration apparatus of the tenth invention, wherein the refrigerant circuit (11) has an indoor heat exchanger (13) installed indoors and flows through the indoor heat exchanger (13).
- the oil cooling heat exchanger (80) is installed indoors and is configured to release oil heat to the indoor air during the heating operation. It is characterized by being.
- the refrigerant circuit (11) of the eleventh invention is configured to perform a heating operation for heating indoor air. That is, indoor heating is performed by sending the refrigerant compressed by the compression mechanism (20) to the indoor heat exchanger (13) and releasing the heat of the refrigerant into the indoor air.
- the oil cooling heat exchanger (80) of the present invention functions as an indoor auxiliary heater when installed indoors. That is, during heating operation, when the oil separated by the oil separation means (60) flows through the oil cooling heat exchanger (80), the oil in the oil cooling heat exchanger (80) and the room air exchange heat, Oil heat is released into the room air. Thereby, since indoor air is heated, indoor heating capability improves. At the same time, in the oil cooling heat exchanger (80), the oil is cooled by room air. The cooled oil is supplied to the compression mechanism (20) in order to cool the refrigerant during the compression stroke of the compression mechanism (20).
- a twelfth invention is the refrigeration apparatus of the tenth invention, wherein the refrigerant circuit (11) has an indoor heat exchanger (13) installed indoors and flows through the indoor heat exchanger (13).
- the air supply circuit (70) includes a heating operation for heating the indoor air and a cooling operation for cooling the indoor air with the refrigerant flowing through the indoor heat exchanger (13).
- a first oil-cooling heat exchanger (80a) that is installed in the room and releases heat of the oil to the room air during the heating operation, and is disposed outside and discharges the heat of the oil to the room air during the cooling operation.
- the second oil cooling heat exchanger (80b) is connected.
- the refrigerant circuit (11) of the twelfth aspect of the invention is configured to be switched between a heating operation for heating the indoor air and a cooling operation for cooling the indoor air. That is, indoor heating is performed by sending the refrigerant compressed by the compression mechanism (20) to the indoor heat exchanger (13) and releasing the heat of the refrigerant into the indoor air. Moreover, indoor cooling is performed by sending low-pressure gas refrigerant to the indoor heat exchanger (13) and absorbing heat from the indoor air to the refrigerant.
- the oil supply circuit (70) of the present invention is provided with a first oil cooling heat exchanger (80a) installed indoors and a second oil cooling heat exchanger (80b) installed outdoor. .
- the oil separated by the oil separation means (60) flows through the first oil cooling heat exchanger (80a), and the heat of the oil in the first oil cooling heat exchanger (80a) is transferred to the room air. Released. Thereby, the indoor heating capability improves.
- the oil separated by the oil separation means (60) flows through the second oil cooling heat exchanger (80b), and the heat of the oil in the second oil cooling heat exchanger (80b) is the outdoor air. Is released. Thereby, since the heat of oil is not discharged
- the power required for compressing the refrigerant in the compression mechanism (20) is reduced by supplying oil to the compression mechanism (20) by the oil supply circuit (70) and cooling the oil in the compression stroke.
- the energy of the oil flowing through the oil supply circuit (70) is recovered by the recovery mechanism (40).
- coolant in a compression process can be reliably cooled with oil, the compression power of a refrigerant
- the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compression mechanism (20) can be kept low.
- the system abnormality of the refrigeration apparatus and the damage to the compression mechanism (20) due to the temperature rise of the discharged refrigerant can be avoided in advance.
- the temperature rise of each sliding part of a compression mechanism (20) can also be suppressed, the seizing of each sliding part can be prevented reliably, and deterioration of oil (refrigeration machine oil) can also be prevented. As a result, the reliability of the refrigeration apparatus can be further improved.
- the temperature around the motor of the compression mechanism (20) can be kept low.
- the efficiency of the motor can be improved and the input of the compression mechanism (20) can be further reduced.
- oil is supplied so that the refrigerant is isothermally compressed during at least a part of the compression stroke of the compression mechanism (20), so that a relatively large amount of oil is supplied to the compression mechanism (20). Need to be supplied to.
- the recovery mechanism (40) since the recovery mechanism (40) recovers energy from such a large amount of oil as power, the compression power of the refrigerant can be effectively reduced by isothermal compression, and the recovery mechanism ( The power (ie energy) recovered by 40) can be increased.
- the low temperature oil is introduced into the compression mechanism (20) while performing a supercritical cycle in which the high pressure refrigerant is compressed to a critical pressure or higher. Accordingly, in the compression stroke of the compression mechanism (20), the refrigerant can be compressed in a state close to an isothermal change without condensing the refrigerant, and the compression power of the refrigerant can be effectively reduced.
- low temperature oil is supplied during the compression of the compression mechanism (20).
- the refrigerant coolant after temperature rising can be cooled with oil.
- the refrigerant can be reliably cooled by the low-temperature oil, and the effect of reducing the compression power by isothermal compression can be further improved.
- low temperature oil is supplied to the suction side of the compression mechanism (20).
- coolant can be cooled with low temperature oil from the start of the compression process of a compression mechanism (20), and the reduction effect of the compression power by isothermal compression can further be improved.
- the output shaft (42) can be rotated by the energy of the oil recovered by the recovery mechanism (40), and this rotational power can be used as a predetermined power source.
- the rotational power of an output shaft (42) can be utilized as a drive power of a compression mechanism (20).
- the output shaft (42) can be rotated by both the energy of the refrigerant recovered by the expansion mechanism (30) and the energy of the oil recovered by the recovery mechanism (40), The rotational power generated at the output shaft (42) can be increased.
- electric power can be generated by the generator (45) using the rotational power of the output shaft (42), and this electric power can be used as a power source for each element machine of the refrigeration apparatus. It can be used as appropriate.
- the oil separated by the oil separation means (60) is cooled by the oil cooling heat exchanger (80), and the cooled oil is supplied to the compression mechanism (20).
- the refrigerant in the compression stroke can be effectively cooled.
- the oil in the oil cooling heat exchanger (80) is discharged into the room to cool the oil.
- indoor air can be heated with both a refrigerant
- the room heating capacity can be sufficiently obtained.
- the heat of the oil in the first oil cooling heat exchanger (80a) is discharged into the room to cool the oil, and during the indoor cooling operation, The heat of the oil in the second oil cooling heat exchanger (80b) is discharged to the outside to cool the oil.
- indoor air can be heated with both a refrigerant
- FIG. 1 is a piping diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the recovery mechanism.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the inside of the recovery mechanism, and shows the operation of the piston.
- FIG. 4 shows an ideal refrigeration cycle of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 (A) shows a Ph diagram and
- FIG. 4 (B) shows a PV diagram.
- FIG. 5 shows a general refrigeration cycle.
- FIG. 5 (A) shows a Ph diagram and FIG. 5 (B) shows a PV diagram.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the oil injection amount and the power of the compression mechanism.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the oil injection amount and the COP improvement rate.
- FIG. 1 is a piping diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the recovery mechanism
- FIG. 8 is a piping system diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus according to a modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a piping diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 10 is a piping diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 11 is a piping diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 4.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a first state during operation of the compression mechanism in the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 5.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a second state during operation of the compression mechanism in the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 5.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the controller.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a controller of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 6.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a first state of the compression mechanism.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a second state of the compression mechanism.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing the power reduction effect by isothermal compression in the compressor of the comparative example.
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing the power reduction effect by isothermal compression in the compression mechanism of the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a piping diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 7.
- FIG. 20 is a piping diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 7.
- FIG. 21 is a piping diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus (during heating operation) according to the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a piping diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus (during cooling operation) according to the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is a piping diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Modification 1 of the other embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a piping diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Modification 2 of the other embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a piping diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Modification 3 of the other embodiment.
- FIG. 26 is a piping diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Modification 4 of the other embodiment.
- FIG. 27 is a Ph diagram illustrating an example of another refrigeration cycle in which isothermal compression is performed.
- FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of a compression mechanism according to a comparative example.
- Air conditioning equipment (refrigeration equipment) 11 Refrigerant circuit 12 Indoor heat exchanger 13 Indoor heat exchanger 20 Compression mechanism 30 Expansion mechanism 40 Recovery mechanism 42 Output shaft 45 Generator 50 piston (movable part) 60 Oil separator (Oil separation means) 70 Oil introduction pipe (oil supply circuit) 80 Oil cooler (oil cooling heat exchanger) 80a Indoor oil cooler (first oil cooling heat exchanger) 80b Outdoor oil cooler (second oil cooling heat exchanger)
- the refrigeration apparatus constitutes an air conditioner (10) that performs indoor air conditioning.
- the air conditioner (10) is configured to switch between a cooling operation and a heating operation.
- the air conditioner (10) includes a refrigerant circuit (11).
- a refrigeration cycle is performed by circulating the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant circuit (11) is filled with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as a refrigerant.
- CO 2 carbon dioxide
- a refrigeration cycle (so-called supercritical cycle) in which the refrigerant is compressed to a critical pressure or higher is performed.
- the refrigerant circuit (11) contains oil (refrigerating machine oil) made of polyalkylene glycol (PAG).
- the refrigerant circuit (11) includes an oil power recovery type compression unit (C / O), an expansion unit (E), an outdoor heat exchanger (12), an indoor heat exchanger (13), and a first four-way switching.
- a valve (14) and a second four-way switching valve (15) are provided.
- the refrigerant circuit (11) is provided with an oil separator (60), an oil introduction path (70), and an oil cooler (80).
- the oil power recovery type compression unit (C / O) includes a compression mechanism (20), a recovery mechanism (40), and an electric motor (25) housed in a casing (not shown).
- the compression mechanism (20) constitutes a rotary positive displacement compressor.
- the recovery mechanism (40) has a main body (41) and an output shaft (42).
- the main body (41) of the recovery mechanism (40) constitutes a rotary positive displacement fluid machine.
- the output shaft (42) connects the compression mechanism (20) and the main body (41).
- the electric motor (25) constitutes a motor that rotationally drives the output shaft (42), and is configured as an inverter type in which the output frequency (that is, the rotational speed of the output shaft) is variable.
- the oil power recovery type compression unit (C / O) has a suction pipe (22) for sucking refrigerant into the compression mechanism (20) and a discharge pipe for discharging refrigerant compressed by the compression mechanism (20). (23) is provided.
- the oil power recovery type compression unit (C / O) has an oil inflow pipe (43) through which oil (refrigeration oil) flows into the main body (41) of the recovery mechanism (40), and the main body ( 41) and an oil spill pipe (44) for spilling the oil.
- the expansion unit (E) includes an expansion mechanism (30), an expansion side output shaft (31), and an expansion side generator (35) housed in a casing (not shown).
- the expansion mechanism (30) constitutes a rotary positive displacement expansion mechanism.
- the refrigerant expands and decompresses in the expansion chamber.
- a piston (not shown) as a movable portion is rotationally driven by the refrigerant expanding in the expansion chamber, and the expansion-side output shaft (31) connected to the piston is further rotationally driven.
- an expansion side generator (35) is driven and electric power generation is performed. That is, the expansion-side generator (35) constitutes a drive target that is driven by being connected to the expansion-side output shaft (31) of the expansion mechanism (30).
- the electric power generated by the expansion unit (E) is used as power for the oil power recovery type compression unit (C / O) and other element machines.
- the expansion unit (E) is provided with an inflow pipe (33) for allowing the refrigerant to flow into the expansion mechanism (30) and an outflow pipe (34) for allowing the refrigerant to flow out from the expansion mechanism (30). ing.
- the outdoor heat exchanger (12) is an air heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and outdoor air.
- the indoor heat exchanger (13) is an air heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and room air.
- the first four-way switching valve (14) and the second four-way switching valve (15) have first to fourth ports, respectively.
- a first port is connected to the discharge pipe (23) via a discharge line (18), and a second port is connected to the suction pipe (17) via a suction line (17). 22) is connected.
- the third port is connected to one end of the outdoor heat exchanger (12), and the fourth port is connected to one end of the indoor heat exchanger (13).
- the first port is connected to the inflow pipe (33), and the second port is connected to the outflow pipe (34).
- the third port is connected to the other end of the outdoor heat exchanger (12), and the fourth port is connected to the other end of the indoor heat exchanger (13). Yes.
- the first four-way switching valve (14) and the second four-way switching valve (15) are respectively a first port and a third port that communicate with each other and a second port and a fourth port that communicate with each other.
- 1 state state indicated by a solid line in FIG. 1
- 2nd state state indicated by a broken line in FIG. 1 in which the first port and the fourth port communicate with each other and the second port and the third port communicate with each other. It is comprised so that it may switch to.
- the oil separator (60) is provided in the middle of the discharge line (18).
- the oil separator (60) is composed of a vertically long, substantially cylindrical sealed container, and constitutes an oil separating means for separating oil from the high-pressure refrigerant.
- the oil separator (60) is connected with a refrigerant / oil inflow pipe (61) at its body, with a refrigerant discharge pipe (62) at its top and with an oil discharge pipe (63) at its bottom. ing.
- oil is separated from the refrigerant flowing in from the refrigerant / oil inflow pipe (61).
- the oil separator (60) there are a method of centrifugal separation of oil using a swirl flow, a method of sedimentation separation of oil using a specific gravity difference between refrigerant and oil, and the like. Can be mentioned.
- the refrigerant after the oil is separated flows out of the refrigerant discharge pipe (62), and the oil after the separation flows out of the oil discharge pipe (63).
- the oil introduction path (70) constitutes an oil supply circuit for supplying the oil separated by the oil separator (60) to the compression mechanism (20).
- the oil introduction path (70) includes a first oil guide pipe (71) and a second oil guide pipe (72).
- the first oil guiding pipe (71) has a start end connected to the oil discharge pipe (63) of the oil separator (60) and a terminal end connected to the oil inflow pipe (43).
- the first oil guide pipe (71) is provided with the oil cooler (80).
- the oil cooler (80) is a cooling means for cooling the oil separated by the oil separator (60), and constitutes an oil cooling heat exchanger.
- the oil cooler (80) of the present embodiment is configured by an air-cooled heat exchanger.
- the second oil guide pipe (72) has its start end connected to the oil outflow pipe (44) and its end connected to the oil injection port (24) of the compression mechanism (20).
- the oil injection port (24) of the compression mechanism (20) opens in the middle of the compression stroke in the compression chamber. That is, the oil introduction path (70) of the present embodiment is connected to the compression mechanism (20) so as to supply the oil separated by the oil separator (60) in the middle of the compression stroke of the compression mechanism (20). Yes.
- the oil introduction path (70) configured as described above is an oil that supplies the oil separated by the oil separation means (60) to the compression mechanism (20) so as to cool the refrigerant during the compression stroke of the compression mechanism (20).
- a supply circuit is configured.
- the oil introduction path (70) is configured to supply oil to the compression mechanism (20) so that the refrigerant is isothermally compressed during at least a part of the compression stroke of the compression mechanism (20).
- the configuration of the recovery mechanism (40) will be further described with reference to FIGS.
- the recovery mechanism (40) recovers the power of the oil (that is, the energy of the oil).
- the oil separated from the high-pressure refrigerant has the power used to pressurize the oil in the compression mechanism (20) as energy such as kinetic energy, potential energy, and pressure energy. Therefore, the recovery mechanism (40) recovers such oil energy as power.
- the main body (41) of the recovery mechanism (40) is constituted by a so-called oscillating piston type rotary fluid machine.
- the output shaft (42) has one end connected to the main body (41) and the other end connected to the movable part (piston) of the compression mechanism (20).
- the compression mechanism (20) constitutes a drive target that is driven by being connected to the output shaft (42) of the recovery mechanism (40).
- the output shaft (42) is formed with a main shaft portion (42a) and an eccentric portion (42b).
- the eccentric part (42b) is eccentric by a predetermined amount with respect to the main shaft part (42a) and is configured to have a larger diameter than the main shaft part (42a).
- the main body (41) of the recovery mechanism is provided with a front head (46), a cylinder (47), and a rear head (48) in that order from the bottom to the top.
- the cylinder (47) is formed in a cylindrical shape through which the output shaft (42) passes vertically.
- the cylinder (47) has a lower end closed by the front head (46) and an upper end closed by the rear head (48).
- a piston (50) as a movable part is accommodated in the cylinder (47) (cylinder chamber).
- the piston (50) is formed in an annular shape or a cylindrical shape.
- the eccentric portion (42b) of the output shaft (42) is engaged and connected to the inside of the piston (50).
- the piston (50) has its outer peripheral surface in sliding contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder (47), one end surface in sliding contact with the front head (46), and the other end surface in contact with the rear head (48).
- An oil chamber (49) is formed in the cylinder (47) between its inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the piston (50).
- the oil chamber (49) communicates with the oil inflow pipe (43) and the oil outflow pipe (44).
- the piston (50) is integrally provided with a blade (51).
- the blade (51) is formed in a plate shape extending in the radial direction of the piston (50), and projects outward from the outer peripheral surface of the piston (50).
- the blade (51) is inserted into the blade groove (52) of the cylinder (47).
- the blade groove (52) of the cylinder (47) penetrates the cylinder (47) in the thickness direction, and opens to the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder (47).
- the cylinder (47) is provided with a pair of bushes (53).
- Each bush (53) is a small piece formed such that the inner surface is a flat surface and the outer surface is a circular arc surface.
- the pair of bushes (53) are inserted into the bush holes (54) and sandwich the blade (51).
- the inner surface of the bush (53) is in sliding contact with the blade (51), and the outer surface of the bush (53) slides with the cylinder (47).
- the blade (51) integrated with the piston (50) is supported by the cylinder (47) via the bush (53), and can rotate and advance and retract with respect to the cylinder (47).
- the oil chamber (49) in the cylinder (47) is partitioned by the piston (50) and the blade (51).
- the left chamber of the blade (51) in FIG. 3 communicates with the oil inflow pipe (43), and the right chamber communicates with the oil outflow pipe (44).
- the operation of the air conditioner (10) according to Embodiment 1 will be described.
- the air conditioner (10) can perform a cooling operation and a heating operation according to the settings of the first four-way switching valve (14) and the second four-way switching valve (15).
- First, the basic operation during the cooling operation of the air conditioner (10) will be described.
- the first four-way switching valve (14) and the second four-way switching valve (15) are set to the first state (the state indicated by the solid line in FIG. 1), and the refrigerant circulates in the refrigerant circuit (11).
- a compression refrigeration cycle is performed.
- a refrigeration cycle in which the outdoor heat exchanger (12) serves as a radiator (condenser) and the indoor heat exchanger (13) serves as an evaporator is performed.
- the high pressure is set to a value higher than the critical pressure of carbon dioxide, which is a refrigerant, and a so-called supercritical cycle is performed.
- the compression mechanism (20) In the oil power recovery type compression unit (C / O), the compression mechanism (20) is rotationally driven by the electric motor (25). In the compression mechanism (20), the refrigerant sucked into the compression chamber from the suction pipe (22) is compressed, and the compressed refrigerant is discharged from the discharge pipe (23). The refrigerant discharged from the compression mechanism (20) flows through the discharge line (18) and flows into the oil separator (60) through the refrigerant / oil inflow pipe (61).
- the oil separator (60) Inside the oil separator (60), the oil is separated from the refrigerant, the refrigerant after the oil is separated accumulates at the top, and the separated oil accumulates at the bottom.
- the separated refrigerant flows out of the refrigerant discharge pipe (62) and flows through the outdoor heat exchanger (12).
- the outdoor heat exchanger (12) In the outdoor heat exchanger (12), the high-pressure refrigerant radiates heat to the outdoor air.
- the refrigerant that has flowed out of the outdoor heat exchanger (12) flows into the expansion mechanism (30) of the expansion unit (E) through the inflow pipe (33).
- the expansion mechanism (30) the high-pressure refrigerant expands in the expansion chamber, whereby the expansion-side output shaft (31) is rotationally driven. As a result, the expansion-side generator (35) is driven and electric power is generated from the expansion-side generator (35). This electric power is supplied to the compression mechanism (20) and other element machines.
- the refrigerant expanded by the expansion mechanism (30) is sent out from the expansion unit (E) through the outflow pipe (34).
- the refrigerant that has flowed out of the expansion unit (E) flows through the indoor heat exchanger (13).
- the refrigerant absorbs heat from the indoor air and evaporates. As a result, the room air is cooled and cooling is performed.
- the refrigerant flowing out of the indoor heat exchanger (13) is sucked into the compression mechanism (20) through the suction pipe (22) and compressed again.
- an oil injection operation is performed in order to improve the coefficient of performance (COP) of the air conditioner (10).
- the oil separated by the oil separator (60) flows through the first oil guide pipe (71) through the oil discharge pipe (63).
- This refrigerant is cooled to a predetermined temperature by the oil cooler (80).
- the cooled oil flows into the main body (41) of the recovery mechanism (40) of the oil power recovery type compression unit (C / O) through the oil inflow pipe (43).
- the piston (50) In the main body (41) of the recovery mechanism (40), the piston (50) is rotationally driven by the oil flowing through the oil chamber (49), and the piston (50) moves inside the cylinder (47) in FIG. (B) ⁇ (C) ⁇ (D) ⁇ (A) ⁇ . With the eccentric rotation of the piston (50), the eccentric portion (42b) and further the main shaft portion (42a) are rotationally driven. As a result, this rotational power is used as driving power for driving the compression mechanism (20). As described above, in the oil power recovery type compression unit (C / O), the energy of the oil recovered by the recovery mechanism (40) is recovered as drive power of the compression mechanism (20), and the compression mechanism (20) Power is reduced.
- the oil whose energy has been recovered in the oil chamber (49) is depressurized to a predetermined pressure and then flows out from the main body (41) of the recovery mechanism (40) through the oil outflow pipe (44).
- the oil after flowing out flows into the oil injection port (24) of the compression mechanism (20) through the second oil guide pipe (72).
- the compression mechanism (20) low temperature oil is supplied during the compression stroke in the compression chamber, and an oil injection operation is performed.
- FIG. 4 (A) is a Ph diagram showing a refrigeration cycle in ideal isothermal compression
- FIG. 4 (B) shows a PV corresponding to the refrigeration cycle in FIG. 4 (A).
- the refrigerant is compressed along an isotherm (for example, about 40 ° C.) shown in FIG. 4A and reaches a target high pressure (point C).
- a target high pressure point C
- the power required to compress the refrigerant by the compression mechanism (20) is effectively reduced.
- a part of the compression process from the compression of the low-pressure refrigerant to the high-pressure refrigerant that is, the process from the point A to the point C).
- the refrigerant is isothermally compressed during the period from point B to point C.
- the supercritical cycle is performed using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant.
- the compression power reduction effect of the compression mechanism (20) is improved. This will be described below.
- the refrigerant circuit (11) of the present embodiment As described above, the refrigerant is compressed in the compression stroke so that the carbon dioxide becomes equal to or higher than the critical pressure (pressure indicated by the point cP in FIG. 4A). Yes. For this reason, it is possible to avoid the refrigerant reaching the gas-liquid two-phase region (condensation region) when the refrigerant is compressed while being cooled from the point B to the point C in the compression stroke. That is, in the supercritical cycle, it is possible to avoid the cold oil from being used for the condensation of the refrigerant, so that the refrigerant can be effectively lowered in temperature and the behavior of the refrigerant can be brought close to an isotherm.
- the critical pressure pressure indicated by the point cP in FIG. 4A
- the refrigerant is compressed in a range smaller than the critical pressure. Therefore, when the oil injection operation is applied to this refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant reaches the gas-liquid two-phase region (condensation region) when the refrigerant is compressed at point A1 and the refrigerant is cooled by oil from point B1. End up. As a result, in this refrigeration cycle, isothermal compression can be performed only in the range of point B1 to point C1.
- the power of the oil is recovered by the recovery mechanism (40).
- the compression mechanism (20) In addition to the compression power of the refrigerant (Wr in FIG. 6), the power required to pressurize the oil (Wo in FIG. 6) is consumed.
- the compression power Wr of the refrigerant is reduced by the effect of isothermal compression by the oil injection operation. Accordingly, the compression power Wr of the refrigerant decreases as the amount of low-temperature oil (oil injection amount Goil) supplied to the compression mechanism (20) increases.
- the oil injection amount Goil increases as described above, the compression power Wo required for pressurizing the oil increases in the compression mechanism (20).
- the relationship between the overall power Wt (that is, Wr + Wo) and the oil injection amount Goil is as shown in FIG. 6, and the oil injection amount Goil is a predetermined value (Gb). If it is larger than the range, the overall power Wt of the compression mechanism (20) may increase.
- the recovery mechanism (40) is used to recover the compression power Wo required for boosting the oil.
- the compression power Wo required for boosting the oil also increases, but in the oil power recovery type compression unit (C / O), The power (energy) of the pressurized oil is recovered as drive power for the compression mechanism (20).
- this air conditioner (10) even if the oil injection amount Goil is increased, a relatively high COP improvement rate (effect by isothermal compression) can be obtained with this air conditioner (10).
- a high COP improvement rate can be obtained even if the amount of oil injection is increased.
- Embodiment 1- oil is separated from the high-pressure refrigerant by the oil separator (60), and the energy of the oil is recovered by the recovery mechanism (40) and used as driving power for the compression mechanism (20). Yes. For this reason, the power required to pressurize the oil by the compression mechanism (20) can be recovered by the recovery mechanism (40), and the energy saving of the air conditioner (10) can be improved.
- the oil separated by the oil separator (60) is cooled by the oil cooler (80), and the low temperature oil is supplied to the compression mechanism (20).
- the refrigerant can be compressed so as to approach the isothermal compression behavior as shown in FIG. 4 (that is, the point A ⁇ the point B ⁇ the point C). It can be greatly reduced.
- the cooling effect of the refrigerant is improved and the compression power of the refrigerant is further reduced, while the energy of the oil recovered by the recovery mechanism (40) is also increased.
- the COP improvement rate of the air conditioner (10) can be greatly improved, and the energy saving performance can be further improved.
- the oil injection amount (mass flow rate) for effectively improving the COP improvement rate of the air conditioner (10) is approximately the amount of refrigerant sucked into the compression mechanism (20) (mass flow rate).
- the range is preferably 0.5 times or more and about 6.0 times or less.
- the compression mechanism (20) by increasing the amount of oil injection in this way and actively introducing low temperature oil into the compression mechanism (20), the following secondary effects can be obtained. Specifically, first, the temperature rise of the refrigerant discharged from the compression mechanism (20) can be prevented, and system abnormality of the air conditioner (10) and mechanical damage to the compression mechanism (20) can be avoided. Further, in the compression mechanism (20), the sliding portions such as pistons and bearings are sufficiently lubricated, and the heat dissipation effect of the sliding portions is improved. As a result, increase in mechanical loss and seizure at these sliding portions can be prevented. Furthermore, in the compression mechanism (20), since the oil can be suppressed to a relatively low temperature, it is possible to avoid deterioration due to excessive oil temperature.
- the ambient temperature can be suppressed to a relatively low temperature.
- the temperature in the casing is also relatively low.
- the low-temperature oil is introduced into the compression mechanism (20) while performing a supercritical cycle in which the high-pressure refrigerant is compressed to a critical pressure or higher.
- the refrigerant in the compression stroke of the compression mechanism (20), the refrigerant can be compressed so as to approach the isotherm without condensing the refrigerant (see, for example, FIG. 4), and compared with a normal refrigeration cycle (see, for example, FIG. 5).
- the compression power can be effectively reduced.
- Embodiment 1 described above low temperature oil is supplied during the compression of the compression mechanism (20).
- the refrigerant after the temperature rise can be cooled with oil.
- coolant mixed with oil becomes temperature lower than oil, and it can prevent that a refrigerant
- the refrigerant can be reliably cooled by the low-temperature oil, and the effect of reducing the compression power by isothermal compression can be further improved.
- the expansion mechanism (30) composed of a positive displacement fluid machine is used as the expansion mechanism for expanding the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant may be decompressed using an electronic expansion valve (38) whose opening degree is adjustable as an expansion mechanism.
- Embodiment 2 of the Invention A second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the configuration of the refrigerant circuit (11) is different from that of the first embodiment.
- the compression mechanism (20) and the expansion mechanism (30) are integrated into the expansion / compression unit (C / E), and the recovery mechanism ( 40) is installed in the oil power recovery unit (O).
- the expansion / compression unit (C / E) includes a compression mechanism (20), an expansion mechanism (30), an expansion side output shaft (31), and an electric motor (25) housed in a casing (not shown). It is configured.
- the compression mechanism (20) and the expansion mechanism (30) are connected to each other via the expansion side output shaft (31). That is, in the expansion / compression unit (C / E), the energy of the refrigerant recovered by the expansion mechanism (30) is used as drive power for the compression mechanism (20).
- the compression mechanism (20) constitutes a drive target that is driven by being connected to the expansion-side output shaft (31) of the expansion mechanism (30).
- the oil power recovery unit (O) includes a recovery mechanism (40) and a generator (45) housed in a casing (not shown).
- the output shaft (42) of the recovery mechanism (40) is connected to the generator (45).
- the generator (45) is driven by the power of the oil recovered by the recovery mechanism (40) (that is, the energy of the oil), and electric power is generated by this generator (45). To do.
- the electric power generated by the generator (45) is used as driving power for the compression mechanism (20) and other element machines.
- the refrigerant compressed by the compression mechanism (20) of the compression / expansion unit (C / E) flows into the oil separator (60).
- the refrigerant from which the oil has been separated by the oil separator (60) is radiated by the outdoor heat exchanger (12) and then expanded by the expansion mechanism (30) of the compression / expansion unit (C / E).
- the power (that is, expansion power) obtained by the refrigerant expanding in the expansion mechanism (30) is used as drive power for the compression mechanism (20).
- the refrigerant expanded by the expansion mechanism (30) is evaporated by the indoor heat exchanger (13) and used for indoor cooling, and then sucked into the compression mechanism (20) of the compression / expansion unit (C / E).
- the oil separated by the oil separator (60) is cooled by the oil cooler (80) and then flows into the recovery mechanism (40) of the oil power recovery unit (O).
- the recovery mechanism (40) the output shaft (42) is rotationally driven by the oil in the oil chamber (49), and the generator (45) is driven. As a result, electric power is generated by the generator (45).
- the compression mechanism (20) the refrigerant in the middle of compression is cooled by oil, so that the refrigerant is compressed so as to approach the isotherm. As a result, the power required for refrigerant compression is reduced.
- the compression power of the refrigerant is reduced by the isothermal compression effect, and the power of oil recovered from the oil after the pressure increase ( That is, the energy of oil) also increases.
- the COP of the air conditioner (10) is effectively improved.
- Embodiment 3 of the Invention will be described.
- the configuration of the refrigerant circuit (11) is different from those in the above embodiments.
- the compression mechanism (20) is incorporated in the compression unit (C), and the expansion mechanism (30) and the recovery mechanism (40) are integrated into oil.
- the power recovery expansion unit (E / O) Built into the power recovery expansion unit (E / O).
- the compression unit (C) includes a compression mechanism (20), a drive shaft (21), and an electric motor (25) housed in a casing (not shown).
- the compression mechanism (20) and the electric motor (25) are connected to each other via the drive shaft (21). That is, in the compression unit (C), the compression mechanism (20) is driven by the electric motor (25).
- the oil power recovery type expansion unit (E / O) includes an expansion mechanism (30), a recovery mechanism (40), and a generator (45) housed in a casing (not shown).
- the expansion mechanism (30) is connected to an end portion of the output shaft (42) of the recovery mechanism (40), and a generator (45) is connected to an intermediate portion thereof. That is, in the oil power recovery type expansion unit (E / O), the refrigerant energy is recovered by the expansion mechanism (30), and the oil energy is recovered by the recovery mechanism (40). These energies are used as driving power for the generator (45) via the output shaft (42).
- the generator (45) constitutes a drive target that is driven by being connected to the recovery mechanism (40) and the expansion mechanism (30) via the output shaft (42). As a result, the generator (45) generates a larger amount of power than the expansion unit (E) of the first embodiment.
- the electric power generated by the generator (45) is used as driving power for the compression mechanism (20) and other element machines.
- the refrigerant compressed by the compression mechanism (20) of the compression unit (C) flows into the oil separator (60).
- the refrigerant from which the oil has been separated by the oil separator (60) is radiated by the outdoor heat exchanger (12) and then expanded by the expansion mechanism (30) of the oil power recovery type expansion unit (E / O).
- the power obtained by the refrigerant expanding in the expansion mechanism (30) is used for power generation by the generator (45).
- the refrigerant expanded in the expansion mechanism (30) evaporates in the indoor heat exchanger (13), is used for indoor cooling, and is then sucked into the compression mechanism (20) of the compression unit (C).
- the oil separated by the oil separator (60) is cooled by the oil cooler (80) and then flows into the recovery mechanism (40) of the oil power recovery type expansion unit (E / O).
- the recovery mechanism (40) the output shaft (42) is rotated by the power of the oil in the oil chamber (49), and the generator (45) is driven. As a result, electric power is generated by the generator (45).
- the oil whose power is recovered by the recovery mechanism (40) and depressurized flows out of the oil power recovery type expansion unit (E / O) and flows to the oil injection port (24) of the compression mechanism (20) of the compression unit (C) Inflow.
- the compression mechanism (20) the refrigerant in the middle of compression is cooled by oil, so that the refrigerant is compressed so as to approach the isotherm.
- the power required for refrigerant compression is reduced.
- the COP of the air conditioner (10) is effectively improved.
- Embodiment 4 of the Invention will be described.
- the configuration of the refrigerant circuit (11) is different from those in the above embodiments.
- the compression mechanism (20), the expansion mechanism (30), and the recovery mechanism (40) are integrated into an oil power recovery type expansion / compression unit (C / E / O).
- the oil power recovery type expansion / compression unit (C / E / O) includes a compression mechanism (20), an expansion mechanism (30), a recovery mechanism (40), and an electric motor (25) in a casing (not shown). Contained and configured.
- the output mechanism (40) of the recovery mechanism (40) has an expansion mechanism (30) connected to the end thereof and a compression mechanism (20) connected to an intermediate portion thereof.
- An electric motor (25) is coupled to the output shaft (42) between the expansion mechanism (30) and the compression mechanism (20).
- both of these energies are used as power for rotationally driving the compression mechanism (20) via the output shaft (42).
- the compression mechanism (20) constitutes a drive target that is driven by being connected to the recovery mechanism (40) and the expansion mechanism (30) via the output shaft (42).
- the oil power recovery type expansion / compression unit (C / E / O) compared with the oil power recovery type compression unit (C / O) of the first embodiment, the compression mechanism (20) by the electric motor (25). The driving power is reduced.
- the refrigerant compressed by the compression mechanism (20) of the oil power recovery type expansion / compression unit (C / E / O) flows into the oil separator (60).
- the refrigerant from which the oil has been separated by the oil separator (60) is radiated by the outdoor heat exchanger (12) and then expanded by the expansion mechanism (30).
- the energy of the refrigerant expanded by the expansion mechanism (30) is used as driving power for the compression mechanism (20) via the output shaft (42).
- the refrigerant expanded in the expansion mechanism (30) evaporates in the indoor heat exchanger (13), is used for indoor cooling, and is then sucked into the compression mechanism (20) of the compression unit (C).
- the oil separated by the oil separator (60) is cooled by the oil cooler (80) and then flows into the recovery mechanism (40).
- the output shaft (42) is rotationally driven by the oil in the oil chamber (49), and the rotational power of the output shaft (42) is used as the driving power of the compression mechanism (20).
- the compression mechanism (20) the refrigerant in the middle of compression is cooled by oil, so that the refrigerant is compressed so as to approach the isotherm.
- the power required for refrigerant compression is reduced.
- the COP of the air conditioner (10) is effectively improved.
- Embodiment 5 of the Invention ⁇ Embodiment 5 of the present invention will be described.
- the air conditioner (10) of the fifth embodiment is provided with an oil injection mechanism (100) and a controller (95) for each of the embodiments described above.
- the compression mechanism (20) is composed of a oscillating piston type rotary fluid machine, similar to the recovery mechanism (40).
- the compression mechanism (20) has a compression chamber (26), and is configured to suck carbon dioxide as a working fluid into the compression chamber (26) and compress it.
- the oil injection mechanism (100) is configured to open and close the oil injection port (24), and is configured to supply refrigeration oil to the compression chamber (26) at a predetermined timing.
- This compression mechanism (20) is housed in the casing of the oil power recovery type compression unit (C / O) as described above.
- the compression mechanism (20) is configured to suck and compress the refrigerant by the operation of the piston (28) in the cylinder (27) having the compression chamber (26).
- the compression mechanism (20) is configured such that the compression chamber (26) is formed in a circular cross section, and the piston (28) performs an eccentric rotational motion in the compression chamber (26).
- the piston (28) is formed integrally with an annular portion (28a) that engages with a crankpin (42c) of a crankshaft (42) that is an output shaft and performs eccentric rotational motion, and the annular portion (28a).
- the blade (28b) has a plate shape and extends outward in the radial direction of the annular portion (28a).
- the cylinder (27) has a swing bush (29) that slidably holds the blade (28b).
- the swing bush (29) is composed of a substantially semicircular suction side bush (29a) and a discharge side bush (29b). The suction side bush (29a) and the discharge side bush (29b) may be partly connected and integrated.
- the cylinder (27) is formed with a suction port (22a) having one end opened to the compression chamber (26) so as to suck the refrigerant into the compression chamber (26).
- the other end of the suction port (22a) communicates with the suction pipe (22) of the suction line (17).
- the cylinder (27) has two end plates (27a, 27b) (the end plate (27a) on the motor side) that closes both end surfaces in the axial direction as the front mechanism, similar to the recovery mechanism (40).
- the end plate (27b) opposite to the electric motor is referred to as a rear head).
- One of the front head (27a) and the rear head (27b) has a discharge port (for discharging the refrigerant compressed in the compression chamber (26) to the space in the casing of the oil power recovery type compression unit (C / O)).
- 23a) is formed.
- This discharge port (23a) is provided with a reed valve (not shown) as a discharge valve, and the pressure in the compression chamber (26) and the pressure in the casing of the oil power recovery type compression unit (C / O) When the pressure difference between and reaches a predetermined value, the discharge port (23a) opens.
- the discharge pipe (23) is directly connected to the casing of the oil power recovery type compression unit (C / O), and the refrigerant flowing out of the discharge port (23a) passes through the discharge pipe (23) to form a refrigerant circuit. It is discharged to the discharge line (18) of (11).
- the suction port (22a) is provided at a position that is angled by ⁇ s in the right direction of the horizontal axis when the upward direction of the vertical axis in FIG.
- the oil injection mechanism (100) has an injection nozzle portion (101) provided in the cylinder (27), and the injection nozzle portion (101) is provided at a position having an angle ⁇ i, and the oil injection It communicates with the compression chamber (26) through the port (24).
- the suction port (22a) and the oil injection port (24) are arranged at positions that communicate with each other via the compression chamber (26) during the suction stroke shown in FIG.
- the injection nozzle part (101) of the oil injection mechanism (100) includes a cylindrical injection case (102), a spool (103) slidable in the axial direction of the injection case (102), and the spool (103) And a drive mechanism (104) for driving the motor.
- An oil injection port (105) communicating with the oil injection port (24) is formed at one end of the injection case (102).
- the other end of the injection case (102) is connected to an oil supply pipe (106) connected to the second oil guide pipe (72) of the oil introduction path (70).
- the spool (103) has an end on the oil injection port (105) side formed as a tapered valve portion (107).
- the oil injection port (105) is a valve seat (108) formed on the inner surface side of the injection case (102) by a tapered surface having the same angle as the valve portion (107) of the spool (103).
- the oil supply pipe ( The refrigerating machine oil supplied from 106) is injected into the compression chamber (26) from the oil injection port (24) through the gap between the valve portion (107) and the valve seat (108).
- the solenoid mechanism (109) is used as the drive mechanism (104) for moving the spool (103) back and forth in the axial direction.
- the solenoid mechanism (109) includes an iron core (110) fixed to the spool (103) and a coil (111) fixed to the injection case (102).
- a coil spring (112) that applies a spring force in a direction to retract the spool (103).
- the spool (103) receives a spring receiver (113) that receives one end of the coil spring (112). Is fixed.
- the other end of the coil spring (112) is in contact with the end surface on the oil injection port (105) side of the injection case (102).
- the air conditioner (10) of Embodiment 5 has a controller (95) as a control means for controlling the oil injection mechanism (100).
- the controller (control means) (95) for controlling the compression mechanism (20) is configured as shown in the block diagram of FIG.
- the controller (95) includes an input value (specification) reading unit (96), a measurement value (or set value) reading unit (97), and a calculated value determination unit (98).
- the input value reading unit (96) and the measured value reading unit (97) are connected to the calculated value determining unit (98) so as to send a signal to the calculated value determining unit (98).
- the position ⁇ s of the suction port (22a), the position ⁇ i of the oil injection port (24), the rotational speed ⁇ of the crankshaft (42), and the rotational angle of the crankshaft (42) The injection timing is obtained based on the current value ⁇ c, and a control signal is sent from the controller (95) to the oil injection mechanism (100). Based on this control signal, the solenoid mechanism (109) is turned on and off, and the oil injection timing is controlled.
- the controller (95) is at least part of the range from the injection start point to the injection end point, with the piston (28 reaching the position where it passes through the oil injection port (24)) as the injection end point.
- the oil injection mechanism (100) is controlled so as to perform the oil injection operation.
- the controller (95) is configured to perform the oil injection operation in the entire range from the injection start point to the injection end point in order to perform isothermal compression over the entire range.
- the controller (95) the position ⁇ s of the suction port (22a) and the position ⁇ i of the oil injection mechanism (100) are input to the input value reading unit (96) as preset positions.
- the rotational speed ⁇ of the crankshaft (42) during operation and the current value ⁇ c of the rotational angle of the crankshaft (42) are measured by the measured value reading unit (97).
- the calculation value determination unit (98) obtains the injection timing based on these values.
- the position at which the suction stroke ends is set as the injection start point ⁇ s, and the position before the discharge stroke ends (specifically, the piston
- the point at which (28) reaches the position where it passes through the oil injection port (24)) is set as the injection end point ⁇ i, and at least part of the range from the injection start point ⁇ s to the injection end point ⁇ , or all of the range It is determined to perform an oil injection operation.
- the oil injection operation is performed in the entire range, as shown in FIG.
- the controller (95) determines the injection timing so that the oil injection port (105) is opened only during the injection time ⁇ t determined by the calculated value determination unit (98) in FIG. 100)
- the oil injection port (105) is opened and closed, and the oil injection operation to the compression mechanism (20) is controlled.
- the suction port (22a) and the oil injection port (24) are not connected. Since the oil injection port (24) is opened, the above-described isothermal compression effect can be sufficiently obtained by performing the oil injection operation during that time. Further, the oil injection port (24) is closed while the suction port (22a) and the oil injection port (24) are in communication with each other during the operation of the piston (28). Can be prevented. If the oil injection port (24) is open while the suction port (22a) and the oil injection port (24) are in communication with the piston (28), the oil injection port (24) will move to the compression chamber (26).
- the required cooling amount is calculated from many values such as the compressor rotation speed, suction pressure, discharge pressure, enthalpy, and refrigerant circulation amount to calculate the opening time and injection amount of the liquid refrigerant injection device.
- the calculation logic to measure the compressor input so that it becomes the minimum value in the controller (95), and simply set the suction port (22a) position as the injection start point ⁇ s. Since the oil injection port (24) is set to the injection end point ⁇ i, and the oil injection operation is performed within the range, the calculation of the injection timing in the oil injection mechanism (100) is very easy. Therefore, effective oil injection is possible simply by implementing simple calculation logic.
- Embodiment 6 of the Invention Embodiment 6 of the present invention will be described.
- the air conditioner (10) of the sixth embodiment has the same oil injection mechanism (100) as that of the fifth embodiment, but differs from the fifth embodiment in the configuration of the controller (95).
- the controller (95) of the sixth embodiment is configured as shown in the block diagram of FIG.
- the controller (95) includes an input value (specification) reading unit (96), a measurement value (or set value) reading unit (97), and a calculated value determination unit (98).
- the input value reading unit (96) and the measured value reading unit (97) are connected to the calculated value determining unit (98) in order to send a signal to the calculated value determining unit (98).
- the cylinder volume Vc, the suction port position ⁇ s, the oil injection position ⁇ i (hereinafter, the data of the input value reading unit (96)), the rotational speed ⁇ of the crankshaft (42), The current value ⁇ c of the rotation angle of the crankshaft (42), the intake gas temperature Ts, the low pressure Lp of the refrigerant circuit (11), the high pressure Hp of the refrigerant circuit (11), the injection oil temperature To, and the injection oil
- the timing of the oil injection operation is determined based on the pressure Po (the data of the measured value reading unit (97)).
- the refrigerant gas temperature Tr during compression and the refrigerant gas pressure Pr during compression are the compressor specifications such as the cylinder volume Vc and the suction port position ⁇ s, the suction gas temperature Ts, the low pressure Lp of the refrigerant circuit (11), It is calculated from measured values such as the high pressure Hp of the refrigerant circuit (11) and refrigerant physical property data recorded in advance in the controller.
- the calculation of the injection start position ⁇ 1 and the injection end point ⁇ 2 in FIG. 15 includes a calculation process (refrigerant temperature detection means and refrigerant pressure detection means) of the refrigerant gas temperature Tr during compression and the refrigerant gas pressure Pr during compression. ing.
- the position at which the refrigerant temperature Tr in the compression chamber (26) becomes the temperature of the injected oil To is the injection start point.
- the position at which the refrigerant pressure Tr in the compression chamber (26) reaches the discharge pressure Hp is defined as ⁇ 1
- the controller (95) is at least partially in the range from the injection start point ⁇ 1 to the injection end point ⁇ 2.
- the oil injection mechanism (100) is controlled so as to perform the oil injection operation. In particular, it is preferable to configure the controller (95) so that the oil injection operation is performed in the entire range from the injection start point ⁇ 1 to the injection end point ⁇ 2, in order to perform isothermal compression over the entire range.
- the cylinder volume Vc, the suction port position ⁇ s, and the oil injection position ⁇ i are input to the controller (95) as preset positions in the input value reading unit (96).
- the rotational speed ⁇ of the crankshaft (42), the current value ⁇ c of the rotational angle of the crankshaft (42), the intake gas temperature Ts, the low pressure Lp of the refrigerant circuit (11), the refrigerant The high pressure Hp of the circuit (11), the injection oil temperature To, and the injection oil pressure Po are measured by the measured value reading unit (97). Then, in the calculated value determining unit (98), the injection timing is obtained based on these values.
- Tr To when the refrigerant gas temperature during compression is Tr
- the position at which the refrigerant temperature Tr in the compression chamber (26) becomes the temperature of the injected oil To during the operation in which the suction stroke, the compression stroke, and the discharge stroke are one cycle is the injection start point.
- the position at which the refrigerant pressure Pr in the compression chamber (26) reaches the discharge pressure Hp is defined as ⁇ 1, and the controller (95) is at least part of the range from the injection start point ⁇ 1 to the injection end point ⁇ 2. Or the entire range of the oil injection operation.
- the oil injection operation is performed in the entire range, the entire range from the point ⁇ 1 to the point ⁇ 2 in FIG. 16 is performed.
- the spool (103) of the oil injection mechanism (100) is moved backward. Open the oil injection port (105).
- the spool (103) of the oil injection mechanism (100) is advanced to close the oil injection port (105). become.
- the controller (95) opens and closes the oil injection port (105) of the oil injection mechanism (100) based on the injection timing obtained by the calculated value determination unit (98), and the oil injection operation to the compression mechanism (20) To control.
- the position at which the temperature To becomes the injection start point ⁇ 1, and the position at which the refrigerant pressure in the compression chamber (26) reaches the discharge pressure is the injection end point ⁇ 2, and at least one of the range from the injection start point ⁇ 1 to the injection end point ⁇ 2.
- the oil injection operation is performed in the part or all of the range.
- the oil injection operation is performed only within the range of ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 2, the work amount due to overheat compression is prevented from occurring as shown in FIG. Can be increased. From the above, according to this embodiment, a large amount of oil necessary for cooling can be injected, and power loss due to overheat compression does not occur, so that effective isothermal compression can be realized, System performance can be improved.
- Embodiment 7 of the Invention is a heating-only air conditioner that only heats the room.
- the refrigerant circuit (11) of the air conditioner (10) includes an oil power recovery type compression unit (C / O), an expansion unit (E), an outdoor unit, as in the first embodiment.
- a heat exchanger (12), an indoor heat exchanger (13), an oil separator (60), and the like are provided.
- the refrigerant circuit (11) of Embodiment 7 has a configuration in which, for example, two four-way switching valves (14, 15) as in Embodiment 1 are omitted. That is, in the refrigerant circuit (11), the refrigerant discharge pipe (62) of the oil separator (60) is connected to the inflow end of the indoor heat exchanger (13), and the outflow end of the indoor heat exchanger (13) is expanded. Connected to the inlet pipe (33) of the unit (E). The outflow pipe (34) of the expansion unit (E) is connected to the inflow end of the outdoor heat exchanger (12), and the outflow end of the outdoor heat exchanger (12) is connected to the compression mechanism (17) via the suction line (17). It is connected to the suction pipe (22) of 20). And the refrigerant circuit (11) of this embodiment is comprised so that the heating operation which heats indoor air with the refrigerant
- the oil cooler (80) of the seventh embodiment constitutes an oil cooling heat exchanger for cooling the oil separated by the oil separator (60), and assists in releasing oil heat into the room during heating operation. Also serves as a heater. Specifically, the oil cooler (80) is installed in the same room as the room in which the indoor heat exchanger (13) is installed.
- the refrigerant compressed by the compression mechanism (20) flows into the oil separator (60), and the oil is separated from the refrigerant by the oil separator (60). Is done.
- the separated refrigerant flows through the indoor heat exchanger (13).
- the indoor heat exchanger (13) the high-pressure refrigerant radiates heat to the room air, thereby heating the room air, thereby heating the room.
- the refrigerant flowing out of the indoor heat exchanger (13) is decompressed by the expansion unit (E), evaporated by the outdoor heat exchanger (12), and then sucked into the compression mechanism (20).
- the oil injection operation is performed in the same manner as in the above embodiments. That is, the oil separated by the oil separator (60) is cooled by the oil cooler (80) and then flows into the recovery mechanism (40). In the recovery mechanism (40), the output shaft (42) is rotationally driven by the oil in the oil chamber (49), and the rotational power of the output shaft (42) is used as the driving power of the compression mechanism (20).
- the compression mechanism (20) the refrigerant in the middle of compression is cooled by oil, so that the refrigerant is compressed so as to approach the isotherm.
- the power required for refrigerant compression is reduced.
- the compression power of the refrigerant is reduced by the isothermal compression effect, and the energy of the oil recovered from the oil after the pressure increase is also increased. Become more.
- the oil cooler (80) is used as an auxiliary heater in order to compensate for a decrease in heating capacity accompanying the oil injection operation. This point will be described in detail.
- the refrigerant is compressed so as to approach the isotherm, so the compression power of the refrigerant is reduced.
- the refrigerant is compressed so as to approach the isotherm in this way, the enthalpy of the compressed refrigerant becomes smaller than that of a normal refrigeration cycle that does not perform a so-called oil injection operation.
- the indoor heat exchanger (13) of the refrigerant circuit (11) during the heating operation the amount of heat released from the refrigerant is reduced, and the heating capacity is reduced.
- the oil cooler (80) is installed indoors, and the heat of the oil flowing through the oil cooler (80) is released to the indoor air. That is, in the oil injection operation during the heating operation, when the oil separated by the oil separator (60) flows through the oil cooler (80), the oil cooler (80) exchanges heat between the oil and the room air. As a result, the heat of the oil having a relatively high temperature is applied to the indoor air, and indoor heating is promoted. On the other hand, the oil flowing through the oil cooler (80) is cooled by room air. As described above, during the heating operation, the oil in the oil cooler (80) is cooled, and at the same time, the indoor air is heated by the oil, so that the oil injection operation can be performed while preventing the heating capacity from being lowered.
- the air conditioning apparatus (10) according to Embodiment 8 is a heat pump type air conditioning apparatus that performs switching between cooling and heating.
- the refrigerant circuit (11) of the air conditioner (10) includes, for example, an oil power recovery type compression unit (C / O), a first four-way switching valve, as in the first embodiment. (14), an outdoor heat exchanger (12), an indoor heat exchanger (13), an oil separator (60), and the like are provided.
- an expansion valve (38) as a pressure reducing mechanism is used instead of the expansion unit (E) of the first embodiment.
- the oil supply circuit (70) of the eighth embodiment is configured such that the oil flow path is switched between the cooling operation and the heating operation.
- the oil supply circuit (70) of the eighth embodiment is provided with two oil coolers (80, 80) and an oil flow path switching mechanism (81).
- the oil flow path switching mechanism (81) is composed of a four-way switching valve having four ports.
- the oil flow path switching mechanism (81) includes a state in which the first port and the fourth port communicate with each other and a state in which the second port and the third port communicate with each other (state shown in FIG. 21), and the first port and the third port. And the second port and the fourth port communicate with each other (state shown in FIG. 22).
- the first port of the oil flow path switching mechanism (81) is connected to the oil discharge pipe (63) via the first oil guide pipe (71).
- the second port of the oil flow path switching mechanism (81) is connected to the suction line (17) via the low pressure communication pipe (75).
- the third port of the oil flow path switching mechanism (81) is connected to the oil inflow pipe (43) via the outdoor oil flow path (74).
- the fourth port of the oil flow path switching mechanism (81) is connected to the oil inflow pipe (43) via the indoor oil flow path (73).
- the indoor oil cooler (80a) installed in the same room as the indoor heat exchanger (13) is connected to the indoor oil flow path (73).
- the indoor oil cooler (80a) constitutes a first oil cooling heat exchanger that releases oil heat to the indoor air during the heating operation.
- An outdoor oil cooler (80b) installed outside the room is connected to the outdoor oil flow path (74).
- the outdoor oil cooler (80b) constitutes a second oil cooling heat exchanger that releases oil heat to the outdoor air during the cooling operation.
- the oil separated by the oil separator (60) is selectively supplied to either the indoor oil cooler (80a) or the outdoor oil cooler (80b). Supplied.
- the first four-way switching valve (14) and the oil flow path switching mechanism (81) are set to the state shown in FIG.
- the refrigerant compressed by the compression mechanism (20) flows into the oil separator (60), and the oil is separated by the oil separator (60).
- the separated refrigerant flows through the indoor heat exchanger (13).
- the indoor heat exchanger (13) the high-pressure refrigerant radiates heat to the room air, thereby heating the room air, thereby heating the room.
- the refrigerant condensed in the indoor heat exchanger (13) is decompressed by the expansion valve (38), evaporated by the outdoor heat exchanger (12), and then sucked into the compression mechanism (20).
- the oil separated by the oil separator (60) flows through the indoor oil cooler (80a) through the indoor oil passage (73).
- the indoor oil cooler (80a) the heat of oil is released to the indoor air.
- an indoor side oil cooler (80a) functions as an auxiliary
- the oil cooled by the indoor oil cooler (80a) as described above flows into the recovery mechanism (40).
- the output shaft (42) is rotationally driven by the oil in the oil chamber (49), and the rotational power of the output shaft (42) is used as the driving power of the compression mechanism (20).
- the compression mechanism (20) the refrigerant in the middle of compression is cooled by oil, so that the refrigerant is compressed so as to approach the isotherm.
- the power required for refrigerant compression is reduced.
- the compression power of the refrigerant is reduced by the isothermal compression effect, and the energy of the oil recovered from the oil after the pressure increase is also increased. Become more.
- the heat of the oil flowing through the indoor oil cooler (80a) is used for heating.
- the COP of the air conditioner (10) is effectively improved.
- the first four-way switching valve (14) and the oil flow path switching mechanism (81) are set to the state shown in FIG.
- the refrigerant compressed by the compression mechanism (20) flows into the oil separator (60), and the oil is separated by the oil separator (60).
- the separated refrigerant is condensed in the outdoor heat exchanger (12), depressurized by the expansion valve (38), and then flows through the indoor heat exchanger (13).
- the indoor heat exchanger (13) the refrigerant absorbs heat from the indoor air and evaporates. Thereby, indoor air is cooled and air_conditioning
- the refrigerant evaporated in the indoor heat exchanger (13) is sucked into the compression mechanism (20).
- the oil separated by the oil separator (60) flows through the outdoor oil cooler (80b) through the outdoor oil passage (74).
- the heat of oil is released to the outdoor air.
- the oil flowing through the outdoor oil cooler (80b) is cooled by the outdoor air.
- the oil separated by the oil separator (60) does not flow through the indoor oil cooler (80a). Therefore, the heat of the oil is not released into the room from the indoor side oil cooler (80a), thereby preventing the indoor cooling load from increasing.
- the oil cooled by the outdoor oil cooler (80b) flows into the recovery mechanism (40).
- the output shaft (42) is rotationally driven by the oil in the oil chamber (49), and the rotational power of the output shaft (42) is used as the driving power of the compression mechanism (20).
- the compression mechanism (20) the refrigerant in the middle of compression is cooled by oil, so that the refrigerant is compressed so as to approach the isotherm. As a result, the power required for refrigerant compression is reduced.
- the oil separated from the refrigerant by the oil separator (60) is supplied to the suction side (low pressure side) of the compression mechanism (20), not during the compression of the compression mechanism (20). Also good. That is, for example, as shown in FIG. 23, the oil introduction path (70) of each of the above embodiments may be configured to supply the separated oil to the suction side of the compression mechanism (20). In the example of FIG. 23, the end of the second oil guide pipe (72) of the oil introduction path (70) is connected to the suction line (17) in the first embodiment. Also in this modification, the refrigerant cooled by the compression mechanism (20) can be simultaneously cooled by the oil cooled by the oil cooler (80), and the isothermal compression effect as described above can be obtained.
- the oil cooled by the oil cooler (80) is not supplied to the recovery mechanism (40), but the oil recovered by the recovery mechanism (40) is cooled by the oil cooler (80). Also good. That is, for example, as shown in FIG. 24, in each of the above embodiments, the oil cooler (80) may be arranged on the downstream side of the recovery mechanism (40) in the oil introduction path (70). In the example of FIG. 24, the oil cooler (80) is disposed on the downstream side of the recovery mechanism (40) in the first embodiment.
- the energy of the oil can be recovered by the recovery mechanism (40) and the oil cooled by the oil cooler (80) is supplied to the compression mechanism (20), so that the effect of isothermal compression as described above can be achieved.
- the oil immediately before being supplied to the compression mechanism (20) can be cooled by the oil cooler (80), so that the oil can be stably supplied to the compression mechanism (20). Can supply.
- the above-mentioned isothermal compression effect can be further improved.
- an internal heat exchanger (90) may be added to the refrigerant circuit (11).
- the internal heat exchanger (90) is connected to the refrigerant circuit (11) in the above-described modification 2 (example of FIG. 24).
- the internal heat exchanger (90) has a first flow path (91) and a second flow path (92), and exchanges heat between the refrigerants flowing through both flow paths (91, 92).
- the first flow path (91) is a high pressure through which the refrigerant before flowing into the expansion mechanism (30) flows after the heat is radiated by the radiator (for example, the outdoor heat exchanger (12) during cooling operation) in the refrigerant circuit (11).
- the second channel (92) is connected to the suction line (17). Therefore, in the internal heat exchanger (90), the first flow path (91) is cooled by the high pressure refrigerant and the low pressure refrigerant flowing in the second flow path (92).
- the oil separator (60) may be provided at another location.
- the oil separator (60) is arranged in the high-pressure line (19) described in the modification 3 in the first embodiment. Also in this modified example, since the oil pressurized by the compression mechanism (20) accumulates in the oil separator (60), the oil energy is recovered by sending the oil to the recovery mechanism (40). be able to.
- the oil which accumulates in the oil separator (60) during the cooling operation becomes oil after heat dissipation in the outdoor heat exchanger (12).
- the refrigerant separated by the oil separator (60) is supplied to the compression mechanism (20) so that the refrigerant is isothermally compressed in the compression stroke of the compression mechanism (20) (FIG. 4). See).
- the refrigerant is isothermally compressed during a part of the compression stroke (that is, from the point B to the point C). May be compressed isothermally.
- the partial period of the compression stroke is not limited to the example of FIG. 4 and may be at different timing.
- the refrigerant is compressed so as to substantially follow the isothermal line during the compression stroke.
- FIG. 4 merely illustrates ideal isothermal compression as described above, and the isothermal compression of the present invention does not necessarily have the behavior shown in FIG.
- the isothermal compression of the present invention may be performed in such a manner that the refrigerant cooled by the oil is gradually separated from the isotherm.
- the “isothermal compression” of the present invention is that the refrigerant in the compression stroke is cooled by the oil, and in the compression stroke, the refrigerant is compressed so as to approach the isotherm as compared with general adiabatic compression. (That is, so-called pseudo-isothermal compression).
- the recovery mechanism (40) of the present invention is applied to what performs so-called isothermal compression by actively supplying the oil separated by the oil separator (60) to the compression mechanism (20).
- a refrigerant circuit that returns oil that has flowed out of the compression mechanism (20) to the suction side of the compression mechanism (20) via an oil return pipe to prevent poor lubrication of the compression mechanism (20).
- the recovery mechanism (40) of the present invention may be applied to the oil return pipe. Even in this case, the energy of the high-pressure oil can be recovered by the recovery mechanism (40), and the COP of the refrigeration apparatus can be improved.
- the main body (41) of the recovery mechanism (40) of each embodiment described above is composed of a rotary positive displacement fluid machine.
- the main body portion (41) may be constituted by, for example, a scroll type positive displacement fluid machine, or may be constituted by, for example, a non positive displacement type fluid machine (eg, a turbine type non positive displacement type fluid machine).
- the compression mechanism (20) and the expansion mechanism (30) may be formed of other types of fluid machines.
- another refrigerant may be used as the refrigerant charged in the refrigerant circuit (11).
- this invention is applied about the air conditioning apparatus (10) which air-conditions a room
- this invention is applied to the freezing apparatus which cools the inside of a refrigerator or a freezer, for example, and another freezing apparatus. It may be applied.
- the present invention is useful for a refrigeration apparatus including a refrigerant circuit that performs a refrigeration cycle by circulating refrigerant.
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Abstract
Description
11 冷媒回路
12 室内熱交換器
13 室内熱交換器
20 圧縮機構
30 膨張機構
40 回収機構
42 出力軸
45 発電機
50 ピストン(可動部)
60 油分離器(油分離手段)
70 油導入管(油供給回路)
80 油クーラ(油冷却熱交換器)
80a 室内側油クーラ(第1の油冷却熱交換器)
80b 室外側油クーラ(第2の油冷却熱交換器)
本発明の実施形態1ついて説明する。本発明に係る冷凍装置は、室内の空調を行う空気調和装置(10)を構成している。空気調和装置(10)は、冷房運転と暖房運転とを切り換えて行うように構成されている。
図1に示すように、空気調和装置(10)は、冷媒回路(11)を備えている。冷媒回路(11)では、冷媒が循環することで冷凍サイクルが行われる。冷媒回路(11)には、冷媒として二酸化炭素(CO2)が充填されている。そして、冷媒回路(11)では、冷媒が臨界圧力以上まで圧縮される冷凍サイクル(いわゆる超臨界サイクル)が行われる。更に、冷媒回路(11)には、ポリアルキレングリコール(PAG)から成る油(冷凍機油)が混在している。
上記回収機構(40)の構成について図2及び図3を参照しながら更に説明する。
回収機構(40)は、油の動力(即ち、油の持つエネルギー)を回収するものである。つまり、高圧冷媒と分離された油は、圧縮機構(20)において油を昇圧させるために使われた動力を、運動エネルギー、位置エネルギー、圧力エネルギー等のエネルギーとして保有している。そこで、回収機構(40)は、このような油のエネルギーを動力として回収する。回収機構(40)の本体部(41)は、いわゆる揺動ピストン型のロータリ式流体機械で構成されている。また、出力軸(42)は、その一端が本体部(41)と連結し、その他端部が圧縮機構(20)の可動部(ピストン)と連結している。つまり、圧縮機構(20)は、回収機構(40)の出力軸(42)と連結して駆動される駆動対象を構成している。また、出力軸(42)には、主軸部(42a)と偏心部(42b)とが形成されている。偏心部(42b)は、主軸部(42a)に対して所定量だけ偏心し、且つ主軸部(42a)よりも大径に構成されている。
実施形態1に係る空気調和装置(10)の運転動作について説明する。空気調和装置(10)は、第1四方切換弁(14)及び第2四方切換弁(15)の設定に応じて、冷房運転と暖房運転とが可能となっている。まず、空気調和装置(10)の冷房運転時の基本的な動作について説明する。
上記実施形態1では、油分離器(60)で高圧冷媒中から油を分離し、この油のエネルギーを回収機構(40)で回収して圧縮機構(20)の駆動動力として利用するようにしている。このため、圧縮機構(20)で油の昇圧に要した動力を回収機構(40)で回収でき、空気調和装置(10)の省エネルギーを向上できる。
上記実施形態1では、冷媒を膨張する膨張機構として、容積型流体機械から成る膨張機構(30)を用いるようにしている。しかしながら、図8に示すように、膨張機構として開度が調節自在な電子式の膨張弁(38)を用いて冷媒を減圧するようにしても良い。
本発明の実施形態2について説明する。実施形態2では、冷媒回路(11)の構成が上記実施形態1と異なっている。図9に示すように、実施形態2の冷媒回路(11)では、圧縮機構(20)と膨張機構(30)とが一体となって膨張圧縮ユニット(C/E)に組み込まれ、回収機構(40)が油動力回収ユニット(O)に組み込まれている。
本発明の実施形態3について説明する。実施形態3では、冷媒回路(11)の構成が上記各実施形態と異なっている。図10に示すように、実施形態3の冷媒回路(11)では、圧縮機構(20)が圧縮ユニット(C)に組み込まれ、膨張機構(30)と回収機構(40)とが一体的に油動力回収型膨張ユニット(E/O)に組み込まれている。
本発明の実施形態4について説明する。実施形態4では、冷媒回路(11)の構成が上記各実施形態と異なっている。図11に示すように、実施形態4の冷媒回路(11)では、圧縮機構(20)と膨張機構(30)と回収機構(40)とが一体的に油動力回収型膨張圧縮ユニット(C/E/O)に組み込まれている。
本発明の実施形態5について説明する。実施形態5の空気調和装置(10)は、上述した各実施形態について、油インジェクション機構(100)とコントローラ(95)とを付与したものである。
まず、実施形態5における圧縮機構(20)の概略構成と油インジェクション機構(100)の概要について説明する。なお、この例では、上述の実施形態1の空気調和装置(10)において、圧縮機構(20)に油インジェクション機構(100)を設けている。
実施形態5の空気調和装置(10)は、上記油インジェクション機構(100)を制御する制御手段として、コントローラ(95)を有している。
次に、油インジェクション動作中の噴射ノズル部(101)の開閉タイミングについて説明する。
本発明の実施形態6について説明する。実施形態6の空気調和装置(10)は、上記実施形態5と同様の油インジェクション機構(100)を有する一方、実施形態5とコントローラ(95)の構成が異なるものである。
実施形態6のコントローラ(95)は、図15のブロック図に示すように構成されている。コントローラ(95)は、入力値(諸元)読込部(96)と、測定値(または設定値)読込部(97)と、計算値決定部(98)とを有している。入力値読込部(96)と測定値読込部(97)は、計算値決定部(98)へ信号を送るため、この計算値決定部(98)と接続されている。計算値決定部(98)では、シリンダ容積Vcと、吸入ポート位置θsと、油インジェクション位置θi(以上、入力値読込部(96)のデータ)と、クランク軸(42)の回転速度ωと、クランク軸(42)の回転角度の現在値θcと、吸入ガス温度Tsと、冷媒回路(11)の低圧圧力Lpと、冷媒回路(11)の高圧圧力Hpと、インジェクション油温度Toと、インジェクション油圧力Po(以上、測定値読込部(97)のデータ)とに基づいて、油インジェクション動作のタイミングが求められる。つまり、圧縮途中の冷媒ガス温度をTrとしたときに、Tr=Toとなるインジェクション開始位置θ1と、圧縮途中の冷媒ガス圧力をPrとしたときにPr=Poとなるインジェクション終了位置θ2と、θ1からθ2に達するまでのインジェクション時間Δtとが求められて、これらの値を表す制御信号がコントローラ(95)から油インジェクション機構(100)へ送られる。そして、この制御信号に基づいてソレノイド機構(109)のオンとオフが制御され、油の噴射タイミングがコントロールされる。なお,圧縮途中の冷媒ガス温度Trと圧縮途中の冷媒ガス圧力Prは,シリンダ容積Vcや吸入ポート位置θsなどの圧縮機諸元と、吸入ガス温度Tsや冷媒回路(11)の低圧圧力Lp、冷媒回路(11)の高圧圧力Hpなどの測定値と、予めコントローラに記録された冷媒物性データとから算出する。図15中のインジェクション開始位置θ1とインジェクション終了点θ2の計算には、圧縮途中の冷媒ガス温度Trと圧縮途中の冷媒ガス圧力Prの算出過程(冷媒温度検出手段と冷媒圧力検出手段)も含まれている。
次に、油インジェクション動作中の噴射ノズル部(101)の開閉タイミングについて説明する。
実施形態7の係る空気調和装置(10)は、室内を暖房のみを行う、暖房専用型の空気調和装置である。図20に示すように、空気調和装置(10)の冷媒回路(11)には、上記実施形態1と同様にして、油動力回収型圧縮ユニット(C/O)、膨張ユニット(E)、室外熱交換器(12)、室内熱交換器(13)、油分離器(60)等が設けられている。
実施形態8に係る空気調和装置(10)は、冷房と暖房とを切り換えて行うヒートポンプ式の空気調和装置である。図21及び図22に示すように、空気調和装置(10)の冷媒回路(11)には、例えば上記実施形態1と同様、油動力回収型圧縮ユニット(C/O)、第1四方切換弁(14)、室外熱交換器(12)、室内熱交換器(13)、油分離器(60)等が設けられている。また、冷媒回路(11)では、実施形態1の膨張ユニット(E)に代わって減圧機構としての膨張弁(38)が用いられている。
上記の各実施形態については、上述した各構成以外にも以下のような変形例の構成とすることができる。
上述した各実施形態において、油分離器(60)で冷媒中から分離した油を圧縮機構(20)の圧縮途中ではなく、圧縮機構(20)の吸入側(低圧側)へ供給するようにしても良い。即ち、例えば図23に示すように、上記各実施形態の油導入路(70)は、分離後の油を圧縮機構(20)の吸入側へ供給するように構成しても良い。なお、図23の例では、上述の実施形態1について、油導入路(70)の第2導油管(72)の終端を吸入ライン(17)に接続したものである。この変形例においても、油クーラ(80)で冷却した油により、圧縮機構(20)で圧縮される冷媒を同時に冷却することができ、上述のような等温圧縮の効果を得ることができる。
上述した各実施形態において、油クーラ(80)で冷却した油を回収機構(40)へ供給するのではなく、回収機構(40)でエネルギーを回収した油を油クーラ(80)で冷却しても良い。即ち、例えば図24に示すように、上記各実施形態について、油導入路(70)において油クーラ(80)を回収機構(40)の下流側に配置しても良い。なお、図24の例では、上述の実施形態1について、回収機構(40)の下流側に油クーラ(80)を配置している。この変形例においても、回収機構(40)で油のエネルギーを回収でき、且つ油クーラ(80)で冷却した油を圧縮機構(20)へ供給することで、上述のような等温圧縮の効果を得ることができる。また、図24の変形例のようにすると、圧縮機構(20)へ供給される直前の油を油クーラ(80)で冷却することができるので、圧縮機構(20)へ安定して低温の油を供給できる。その結果、上記の等温圧縮の効果を更に向上させることができる。
上述した各実施形態において、例えば図25に示すように、冷媒回路(11)に内部熱交換器(90)を付与するようにしても良い。なお、図25の例では、上述の変形例2(図24の例)について、冷媒回路(11)に内部熱交換器(90)を接続している。
上述した各実施形態において、例えば図26に示すように、油分離器(60)を他の箇所に設けるようにしても良い。なお、図26の例は、上述の実施形態1について、変形例3で述べた高圧ライン(19)に油分離器(60)を配置している。この変形例においても、油分離器(60)には、圧縮機構(20)で昇圧された油が溜まり込むので、この油を回収機構(40)へ送ることで、この油のエネルギーを回収することができる。また、この変形例では、冷房運転時の油分離器(60)に溜まる油は、室外熱交換器(12)で放熱後の油となる。つまり、この変形例の油分離器(60)には、上記の各実施形態と比較して低温の油が溜まり込む。従って、この変形例の油インジェクション動作では、一層低温とした油を圧縮機構(20)へ供給でき、上述の等温圧縮の効果を更に向上させることができる。
上述した各実施形態では、油分離器(60)で分離した油を圧縮機構(20)へ供給することで、圧縮機構(20)の圧縮行程で冷媒を等温圧縮させるようにしている(図4を参照)。ここで、図4に示す例では、圧縮行程の一部の期間(即ち、B点からC点に至るまでの間)において、冷媒を等温圧縮させているが、圧縮行程の全期間において、冷媒を等温圧縮させても良い。また、圧縮行程の一部の期間は、図4の例に限られるものではなく、異なるタイミングであっても良い。
Claims (12)
- 圧縮機構が接続されて冷凍サイクルを行う冷媒回路を備えた冷凍装置であって、
上記冷媒回路には、上記圧縮機構で圧縮した高圧冷媒中から油を分離する油分離手段と、上記圧縮機構の圧縮行程中の冷媒を冷却するように上記油分離手段で分離した油を圧縮機構へ供給する油供給回路とが設けられ、
上記油供給回路には、該油供給回路を流れる油のエネルギーを回収する回収機構が設けられていることを特徴とする冷凍装置。 - 請求項1において、
上記油供給回路は、上記圧縮機構の圧縮行程の少なくとも一部の期間で冷媒が等温圧縮されるように圧縮機構へ油を供給することを特徴とする冷凍装置。 - 請求項1又は2において、
上記冷媒回路は、上記圧縮機構によって冷媒を臨界圧力まで圧縮する冷凍サイクルを行うように構成されていることを特徴とする冷凍装置。 - 請求項1又は2において、
上記油供給回路は、上記圧縮機構の圧縮行程の途中に油を供給するように構成されていることを特徴とする冷凍装置。 - 請求項1又は2において、
上記油供給回路は、上記圧縮機構の吸入側に油を供給するように構成されていることを特徴とする冷凍装置。 - 請求項1又は2において、
上記回収機構は、油によって回転駆動される可動部と、該可動部に連結する出力軸とを有することを特徴とする冷凍装置。 - 請求項6において、
上記圧縮機構は、上記回収機構の出力軸と連結して駆動されるように構成されていることを特徴とする冷凍装置。 - 請求項6において、
上記冷媒回路には、冷媒によって回転駆動されると共に上記回収機構の出力軸と連結する可動部を有する膨張機構が設けられていることを特徴とする冷凍装置。 - 請求項6において、
上記回収機構の出力軸と連結して駆動される発電機を備えていることを特徴とする冷凍装置。 - 請求項1又は2において、
上記油供給回路には、油分離手段で分離した油を冷却するための油冷却熱交換器が接続されていることを特徴とする冷凍装置。 - 請求項10において、
上記冷媒回路は、室内に設置される室内熱交換器を有して該室内熱交換器を流れる冷媒で室内空気を加熱する暖房動作を行うように構成され、
上記油冷却熱交換器は、室内に設置されて上記暖房動作中に油の熱を室内空気へ放出するように構成されていることを特徴とする冷凍装置。 - 請求項10において、
上記冷媒回路は、室内に設置される室内熱交換器を有して該室内熱交換器を流れる冷媒で室内空気を加熱する暖房動作と、該室内熱交換器を流れる冷媒で室内空気を冷却する冷房動作とを切り換えて行うように構成され、
上記油供給回路には、室内に設置されて上記暖房動作中に油の熱を室内空気へ放出する第1の油冷却熱交換器と、室外に設置されて上記冷房動作中に油の熱を室内空気へ放出する第2の油冷却熱交換器とが接続されていることを特徴とする冷凍装置。
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CN2009801042738A CN101939599A (zh) | 2008-02-06 | 2009-02-03 | 制冷装置 |
US12/812,111 US20100275634A1 (en) | 2008-02-06 | 2009-02-03 | Refrigeration apparatus |
AU2009210984A AU2009210984B2 (en) | 2008-02-06 | 2009-02-03 | Refrigeration apparatus |
EP09707244.1A EP2251621A4 (en) | 2008-02-06 | 2009-02-03 | COOLER |
KR1020107019618A KR101185307B1 (ko) | 2008-02-06 | 2009-02-03 | 냉동장치 |
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JP2008-253411 | 2008-09-30 | ||
JP2008253411A JP5380987B2 (ja) | 2008-02-06 | 2008-09-30 | 冷凍装置 |
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EP (1) | EP2251621A4 (ja) |
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US8436489B2 (en) | 2009-06-29 | 2013-05-07 | Lightsail Energy, Inc. | Compressed air energy storage system utilizing two-phase flow to facilitate heat exchange |
US8247915B2 (en) | 2010-03-24 | 2012-08-21 | Lightsail Energy, Inc. | Energy storage system utilizing compressed gas |
US8196395B2 (en) * | 2009-06-29 | 2012-06-12 | Lightsail Energy, Inc. | Compressed air energy storage system utilizing two-phase flow to facilitate heat exchange |
US8146354B2 (en) | 2009-06-29 | 2012-04-03 | Lightsail Energy, Inc. | Compressed air energy storage system utilizing two-phase flow to facilitate heat exchange |
US10753655B2 (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2020-08-25 | William A Kelley | Energy recycling heat pump |
KR102403512B1 (ko) | 2015-04-30 | 2022-05-31 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 공기 조화기의 실외기, 이에 적용되는 컨트롤 장치 |
JP6252606B2 (ja) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-12-27 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 冷凍装置 |
CN112283970A (zh) * | 2020-09-23 | 2021-01-29 | 杨吉 | 一种不结霜的空气源热泵系统 |
CN115493306A (zh) | 2021-06-17 | 2022-12-20 | 开利公司 | 制冷系统和用于其的回油方法 |
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AU2009210984A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
EP2251621A1 (en) | 2010-11-17 |
EP2251621A4 (en) | 2014-05-14 |
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US20100275634A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
JP5380987B2 (ja) | 2014-01-08 |
JP2010032195A (ja) | 2010-02-12 |
AU2009210984B2 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
KR20100114122A (ko) | 2010-10-22 |
KR101185307B1 (ko) | 2012-09-26 |
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