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  • C07D409/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links

Definitions

• G proteins guanine nucleotide-binding proteins
• GPCRs G-protein coupled receptors
• kinases thus play important roles in the regulation of various physiological functions.
• kinases have been implicated in a number of disease states, including, but not limited to: cardiac indications such as angina pectoris, essential hypertension, myocardial infarction, and supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias; congestive heart failure; atherosclerosis; renal failure, diabetes; respiratory indications such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, bronchospasm, emphysema, airway obstruction, and upper respiratory indications such as rhinitis, seasonal allergies, and inflammatory disease; inflammation in response to injury; and rheumatoid arthritis.
• cardiac indications such as angina pectoris, essential hypertension, myocardial infarction, and supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias
• congestive heart failure such as atherosclerosis; renal failure, diabetes
• respiratory indications such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, bronchospasm, emphysema, airway obstruction,
• Other conditions include chronic inflammatory bowel disease, glaucoma, hypergastrinemia, gastrointestinal indications such as acid/peptic disorder, erosive esophagitis, gastrointestinal hypersecretion, mastocytosis, gastrointestinal reflux, peptic ulcer, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, pain, obesity, bulimia nervosa, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, organ malformations (for example, cardiac malformations), neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease, multiple sclerosis, Epstein-Barr infection and cancer (Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 1, 493-502 2002). In other disease states, the role of kinases is only now becoming clear.
• the retina is a complex tissue composed of multiple interconnected cell layers, highly specialized for transforming light and color into electrical signals that are perceived by the brain. Damage or death of the primary light-sensing cells, the photoreceptors, results in devastating effects on vision.
• the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading from the primary mutations to photoreceptor apoptosis are not well understood, but may involve the wnt pathway (A. S. hackam, The Wnt Signaling Pathway in Retinal Degeneration IUBMB Life Volume 57, Number 6, June 2005).
• GRKs G-protein coupled receptor kinases
• the invention provides novel 6- and 7-aminoisoquinoline compounds.
• the invention provides novel pharmaceutical compositions comprising 6- and 7-aminoisoquinolines.
• the invention provides a method for influencing the action of a kinase in a cell, a tissue, or a living mammal comprising administering to or contacting with a cell, a tissue, or a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a first therapeutic agent comprising at least one of a 6- or 7-aminoisoquinoline
• any numerical range recited herein includes all values from the lower value to the upper value. For example, if a concentration range is stated as 1% to 50%, it is intended that values such as 2% to 40%, 10% to 30%, or 1% to 3%, etc., are expressly enumerated in this specification. These are only examples of what is specifically intended, and all possible combinations of numerical values between and including the lowest value and the highest value enumerated are to be considered to be expressly stated in this application.
• Alkyl refers to a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon including straight chain and branched chain groups. “Alkyl” may be exemplified by groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl and the like. Alkyl groups may be substituted or unsubstituted. Substituents may also be themselves substituted. When substituted, the substituent group is preferably, but not limited to, Ci-C 4 alkyl, aryl, amino, cyano, halogen, alkoxy or hydroxyl.
• C n -C n , alkyl refers to alkyl groups containing n to m carbon atoms, wherein n and m are integers. In some suitable embodiments, n is about 1 member atom and m is about 5 member atoms.
• Alkenyl refers to an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety including straight chain and branched chain groups. Alkenyl moieties contain at least one alkene. "Alkenyl” may be exemplified by groups such as ethenyl, n-propenyl, isopropenyl, n-butenyl and the like. Alkenyl groups may be substituted or unsubstituted. Substituents may also be themselves substituted. When substituted, the substituent group is preferably alkyl, halogen or alkoxy. Substitutients may also be themselves substituted.
• Substituents may be located on the alkene itself and also on the adjacent member atoms of the alkynyl moiety.
• C n -C 1n alkenyl refers to alkenyl groups containing n to m carbon atoms, where n and m are integers. In some suitable embodiments, n is about 2 member atoms and m is about 6 member atoms.
• Alkynyl refers to an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety including straight chain and branched chain groups. Alkynyl moieties contain at least one alkyne. "Alkynyl” may be exemplified by groups such as ethynyl, propynyl, n- butynyl and the like. Alkynyl groups may be substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, the substituent group is preferably alkyl, amino, cyano, halogen, alkoxyl or hydroxyl. Substituents may also be themselves substituted.
• C n -C 1n alkynyl refers to alkynyl groups containing n to m carbon atoms, where n and m are integers. In some suitable embodiments, n is about 2 member atoms and m is about 6 member atoms.
• Acyl or “carbonyl” refers to the group -C(O)R wherein R is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, carbocyclic, heterocarbocyclic, Ci-C 4 alkyl aryl or Ci-C 4 alkyl heteroaryl.
• C n -C 1n alkyl carbonyl refers to a group wherein the carbonyl moiety is preceded by an alkyl chain of n to m carbon atoms, where n and m are integers. In some suitable embodiments, n is about 2 member atoms and m is about 6 member atoms.
• administering refers to administration of the compounds as needed to achieve a desired effect.
• Alkoxy refers to the group -O-R wherein R is acyl, alkyl alkenyl, alkyl alkynyl, aryl, carbocyclic, heterocarbocyclic, heteroaryl, Ci-C 4 alkyl aryl or Ci-C 4 alkyl heteroaryl.
• Amino refers to the group -NR'R" wherein R' and R" are each, independently, hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, Ci-C 4 alkyl aryl or Ci-C 4 alkyl heteroaryl.
• the R' and R" groups may themselves be linked to form a ring.
• Aryl refers to an aromatic carbocyclic group.
• Aryl may be exemplified by phenyl. The aryl group may be substituted or unsubstituted. Substituents may also be themselves substituted.
• the substituent group is preferably, but not limited to, alkyl, alkoxy, heteroaryl, acyl, carboxyl, carbonylamino, nitro, amino, cyano, halogen or hydroxyl.
• the substituents may be positioned at various locations on an aryl group. For example, substituents on a phenyl group may be located at an ortho- position, a meta- position, the para- position, or combinations thereof.
• BoC 2 O is the abbreviation for di-feTt-butyl-dicarbonate.
• Carbonyl refers to the group -C(O)R wherein each R is, independently, hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl aryl or C 1 - C 4 alkyl heteroaryl.
• Carbonylamino refers to the group -C(O)NR 1 R" wherein R' and R" are, independently, hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl aryl or C 1 -C 4 alkyl heteroaryl.
• R' and R" groups may themselves be linked to form a ring.
• C 1 -C 4 alkyl aryl refers to C 1 -C 4 alkyl groups having an aryl substituent such that the aryl substituent is bonded through an alkyl group.
• C 1 -C 4 alkyl aryl may be exemplified by benzyl.
• C 1 -C 4 alkyl heteroaryl refers to C 1 -C 4 alkyl groups having a heteroaryl substituent such that the heteroaryl substituent is bonded through an alkyl group.
• Carbocyclic group or "cycloalkyl” means a monovalent saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon ring.
• Carbocyclic groups are monocyclic, or are fused, spiro, or bridged bicyclic ring systems.
• Monocyclic carbocyclic groups contain 3 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 7 carbon atoms, and more preferably 5 to 6 carbon atoms in the ring.
• Bicyclic carbocyclic groups contain 8 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 9 to 10 carbon atoms in the ring.
• Carbocyclic groups may be substituted or unsubstituted. Suitable substituents include, but are not limited to, lower alkyl, hydroxyl, nitrile, halogen and amino.
• carbocyclic groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, and cycloheptyl. More preferred carbocyclic groups include cyclopropyl and cyclobutyl. The most preferred carbocyclic group is cyclopropyl. Carbocyclic groups are not aromatic.
• Controlling the disease or condition means changing the activity of one or more kinases to affect the disease or condition.
• Disease or condition associated with kinase activity means a disease or condition treatable, in whole or in part, by inhibition of one or more kinases.
• HATU is the abbreviation for 2-(7-Aza-lH-benzotriazole-l-yl)-l, 1,3,3- tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate.
• Heteroaryl or “heteroaromatic” refers to a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic carbocyclic radical having one or more heteroatoms in the carbocyclic ring. Heteroaryl may be substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, the substituents may themselves be substituted.
• Heteroatom means an atom other than carbon in the ring of a heterocyclic group or a heteroaromatic group or the chain of a heterogeneous group.
• heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen atoms. Groups containing more than one heteroatom may contain different heteroatoms.
• Heterocarbocyclic group or “heterocycloalkyl” or “heterocyclic” means a monovalent saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon ring containing at least one heteroatom.
• Heterocarbocyclic groups are monocyclic, or are fused, spiro, or bridged bicyclic ring systems.
• Monocyclic heterocarbocyclic groups contain 3 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 7 carbon atoms, and more preferably 5 to 6 carbon atoms in the ring.
• Bicyclic heterocarbocyclic groups contain 8 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 9 to 10 carbon atoms in the ring.
• Heterocarbocyclic groups may be substituted or unsubstituted.
• Suitable substituents include, but are not limited to, lower alkyl, hydroxyl, nitrile, halogen and amino. Substituents may also be themselves substituted.
• Preferred heterocarbocyclic groups include epoxy, tetrahydrofuranyl, azacyclopentyl, azacyclohexyl, piperidyl, and homopiperidyl. More preferred heterocarbocyclic groups include piperidyl, and homopiperidyl. The most preferred heterocarbocyclic group is piperidyl. Heterocarbocyclic groups are not aromatic.
• hydroxyl means a chemical entity that consists of -OH. Alcohols contain hydroxy groups. Hydroxy groups may be free or protected. An alternative name for hydroxyl is hydroxy
• LDA lithium diisopropyl amide
• Linker means a linear chain of n member atoms where n is an integer from 1 to 4.
• Member atom means a carbon, nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom. Member atoms may be substituted up to their normal valence.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” means a carrier that is useful for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition that is generally compatible with the other ingredients of the composition, not deleterious to the recipient, and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable.
• “A pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” includes one or more than one carrier. Embodiments include carriers for topical, ocular, parenteral, intravenous, intraperitoneal intramuscular, sublingual, nasal and oral administration.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” also includes agents for preparation of aqueous dispersions and sterile powders for injection or dispersions.
• Rings means a collection of member atoms that are cyclic. Rings may be carbocyclic, aromatic, or heterocyclic or heteroaromatic, and may be substituted or unsubstituted, and may be saturated or unsaturated. Ring junctions with the main chain may be fused or spirocyclic. Rings may be monocyclic or bicyclic. Rings contain at least 3 member atoms and at most 12 member atoms. Monocyclic rings may contain 3 to 10 member atoms and bicyclic rings may contain from 8 to 12 member atoms. Bicyclic rings themselves may be fused or spirocyclic. Rings may be substituted or unsubstituted. Suitable substituents include, but are not limited to, lower alkyl, hydroxyl, nitrile, halogen and amino.
• Sulfonyl refers to the -S(O) 2 R' group wherein R' is alkoxy, alkyl, aryl, carbocyclic, heterocarbocyclic, heteroaryl, Ci-C 4 alkyl aryl or Ci-C 4 alkyl heteroaryl.
• Sulfonylamino refers to the -S(O) 2 NR 1 R" group wherein R' and R" are, independently, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, Ci-C 4 alkyl aryl or Ci-C 4 alkyl heteroaryl.
• “Therapeutically effective amount” refers to a dosage of the compounds or compositions effective for influencing, reducing or inhibiting the activity of or preventing activation of a kinase. This term as used herein may also refer to an amount effective at bringing about a desired in vivo effect in an animal, preferably, a human, such as reduction in intraocular pressure.
• “THF” is the abbreviation for tetrahydrofuran.
• Thioalkyl refers to the group -S-alkyl.
• Novel 6- and 7-aminoisoquinoline compounds and methods of using those compounds to treat disease are provided.
• 6-aminoisoquinoline compounds may be represented by Formula (I):
• R 2 , and R 3 are, independently, hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 2 -C 4 alkenyl, C 2 -C 4 alkynyl, amino, nitro, cyano, C 1 -C 4 carbonyl, C 1 -C 4 carbonylamino, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 sulfonyl, C 1 -C 4 sulfonylamino, C 1 -C 4 thioalkyl C 1 -C 4 carboxyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl aryl, heteroaryl, or C 1 - C 4 alkyl heteroaryl; or R 2 and R 3 combine to form a ring of at least five and at most eight member atoms,
• X is a carbonyl group, a sulfone group, thiocarbonyl or alkylene, and
• R 4 and R 5 are independently, halogen, hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, carbonyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, Ci-C 4 alkyl aryl, heteroaryl, C 1 - C 4 alkyl heteroaryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, nitro, cyano, Ci-C 4 carbonylamino, Ci-C 4 sulfonyl, Ci-C 4 sulfonylamino, Ci-C 4 thioalkyl or Ci-C 4 carboxyl.
• X is a carbonyl group
• Ri is an aryl group
• R 4 is hydrogen
• R 5 is hydrogen
• X is a carbonyl group
• Ri is a cycloalkyl group
• R 2 is a methyl group
• R 3 is a methyl group
• R 5 is a hydroxyl group.
• X is a carbonyl group
• R 4 is hydrogen
• R 5 is hydrogen
• R 7 contains 1 (one) member atoms.
• X is a carbonyl group
• Ri is a /rara-substituted aryl group.
• X is a carbonyl group
• R 2 is a lower alkyl group such as a C 1 -C 4 alkyl group.
• X is a sulfone group
• R 4 is hydrogen
• R 5 is hydrogen
• R 7 contains 1 (one) member atom.
• X is a sulfone group
• Ri is ap ⁇ ra-substituted aryl group.
• X is a sulfone group
• R 2 is a lower alkyl group such as a Ci-C 4 alkyl group.
• X is a sulfone group, and R 2 and R 3 combine to form a ring of at least five and at most eight member atoms.
• the 7-aminoisoquinoline compounds may be represented by Formula (II)
• any optical isomer, diastereomer, or enantiomer of Formula II or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof wherein Ri is hydrogen, a lower alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group, the stereocenter being either 'R' or 'S' in configuration, R 7 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, cyano, aryl group, heteroaryl group, alkyl aryl group, cycloalkyl group, heterocycloalkyl group or R] and R 7 combine to form a ring, of at least three and at most 8 member atoms,
• X is a carbonyl group, sulfone group, thiocarbonyl or alkylene, and
• R 4 and R 5 are independently, halogen, hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, carbonyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, Ci-C 4 alkyl aryl, heteroaryl, C 1 - C 4 alkyl heteroaryl.
• 6- or 7-aminoisoquinoline compounds may be synthesized by the general schemes set forth below.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R5, R7 and X are defined above.
• compositions for use in accordance with the present invention may be formulated in a conventional manner using one or more physiologically acceptable carriers or excipients.
• the compounds and their physiologically acceptable salts and solvates may be formulated for administration by, for example, solid dosing, eyedrop, in a topical oil-based formulation, injection, inhalation (either through the mouth or the nose), implants, or oral, buccal, parenteral or rectal administration.
• Techniques and formulations may generally be found in "Reminington's Pharmaceutical Sciences", (Meade Publishing Co., Easton, Pa.).
• Therapeutic compositions must typically be sterile and stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage.
• Ingredient e) for solid dosage forms is a colorant such as an FD&C dye.
• the amount of ingredient e) in the systemic or topical composition is typically about 0.005 to about 0.1 0 Ic.
• Ingredient g) for solid dosage forms is a sweetener such as aspartame and saccharin.
• the amount of ingredient g) in the systemic or topical composition is typically about 0.001 to about 1 %.
• Ingredient h) is an antioxidant such as butylated hydroxyanisole (“BHA”), butylated hydroxytoluene (“BHT”), and vitamin E.
• BHA butylated hydroxyanisole
• BHT butylated hydroxytoluene
• the amount of ingredient h) in the systemic or topical composition is typically about 0.1 to about 5 %.
• Ingredient j) is a preservative such as benzalkonium chloride, methyl paraben and sodium benzoate.
• the amount of ingredient j) in the systemic or topical composition is typically about 0.01 to about 5 %.
• Ingredient k) for solid dosage forms is a glidant such as silicon dioxide.
• the amount of ingredient k) in the systemic or topical composition is typically about 1 to about 5 %.
• Ingredient m) is a solvent, such as water, isotonic saline, ethyl oleate, glycerine, hydroxylated castor oils, alcohols such as ethanol, and phosphate buffer solutions.
• the amount of ingredient m) in the systemic or topical composition is typically from about 0 to about 100 %.
• Ingredient n) is a suspending agent. Suitable suspending agents include AVICEL ® RC-591 (from FMC Corporation of Philadelphia, PA) and sodium alginate. The amount of ingredient n) in the systemic or topical composition is typically about 1 to about 8 %.
• Ingredient o) is a wetting agent such as sodium lauryl sulfate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycols, polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, docusate sodium, quaternary ammonium compounds, sugar esters of fatty acids and glycerides of fatty acids.
• a wetting agent such as sodium lauryl sulfate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycols, polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, docusate sodium, quaternary ammonium compounds, sugar esters of fatty acids and glycerides of fatty acids.
• Ingredient p) is a surfactant such as lecithin, Polysorbate 80, and sodium lauryl sulfate, and the TWEENS ® from Atlas Powder Company of Wilmington, Delaware. Suitable surfactants include those disclosed in the C.T.F.A. Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, 1992, pp. 587-592; Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15th Ed. 1975, pp. 335-337; and McCutcheon's Volume 1, Emulsifiers & Detergents, 1994, North American Edition, pp. 236-239.
• the amount of ingredient p) in the systemic or topical composition is typically about 0.1% to about 5%.
• system compositions comprise about 0.001% to about 50% of component A and about 50 to about 99.99% of component B.
• Compositions for oral administration can have various dosage forms.
• solid forms include tablets, capsules, granules, and bulk powders. These oral dosage forms comprise a safe and effective amount, usually at least about 5%, and more particularly from about 25% to about 50% of component A.
• the oral dosage compositions further comprise about 50 to about 95% of component B, and more particularly, from about 50 to about 75%.
• Tablets can be compressed, tablet triturates, enteric-coated, sugar-coated, film-coated, or multiple-compressed.
• Liquid orally administered compositions typically comprise component A and component B, namely, a carrier comprising ingredients selected from the group consisting of a) diluents, e) colorants, f) flavors, g) sweeteners, j) preservatives, m) solvents, n) suspending agents, and p) surfactants.
• Peroral liquid compositions preferably comprise one or more ingredients selected from the group consisting of e) colorants, f) flavors, and g) sweeteners.
• Topical compositions that can be applied locally to the eye may be in any form known in the art, non-limiting examples of which include solids, gelable drops, sprays, ointments, or a sustained or non-sustained release unit placed in the conjunctival cul-du-sac of the eye or another appropriate location.
• Topical compositions that can be applied locally to the skin may be in any form including solids, solutions, oils, creams, ointments, gels, lotions, shampoos, leave-on and rinse-out hair conditioners, milks, cleansers, moisturizers, sprays, skin patches, and the like.
• Topical compositions comprise: component A, the compounds described above, and component B, a carrier.
• the carrier of the topical composition preferably aids penetration of the compounds into the eye and through the skin.
• Component B may further comprise one or more optional components.
• each component in the topical composition depends on various factors.
• the amount of component A added to the topical composition is dependent on the IC 50 of component A, typically expressed in nanomolar (nM) units. For example, if the IC 50 of the medicament is 1 nM, the amount of component A will be from about 0.001 to about 0.3%. If the IC 50 of the medicament is 10 nM, the amount of component A will be from about 0.01 to about 1%. If the IC 50 of the medicament is 100 nM, the amount of component A will be from about 0.1 to about 10%. If the IC 50 of the medicament is 1000 nM, the amount of component A will be from about 1 to about 100%, preferably about 5% to about 50%. If the amount of component A is outside the ranges specified above (i.e., lower), efficacy of the treatment may be reduced.
• One skilled in the art understands how to calculate and understand an IC 50 .
• the amount of the carrier employed in conjunction with component A is sufficient to provide a practical quantity of composition for administration per unit dose of the medicament.
• Techniques and compositions for making dosage forms useful in the methods of this invention are described in the following references: Modern Pharmaceutics, Chapters 9 and 10, Banker & Rhodes, eds. (1979); Lieberman et al. , Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablets (1981); and Ansel, Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 2 nd Ed., (1976).
• Component B may comprise a single ingredient or a combination of two or more ingredients.
• component B comprises a topical carrier.
• Suitable topical carriers comprise one or more ingredients selected from the group consisting of phosphate buffered saline, isotonic water, deionized water, monofunctional alcohols, symmetrical alcohols, aloe vera gel, allantoin, glycerin, vitamin A and E oils, mineral oil, propylene glycol, PPG-2 myristyl propionate, dimethyl isosorbide, castor oil, combinations thereof, and the like. More particularly, carriers for skin applications include propylene glycol, dimethyl isosorbide, and water, and even more particularly, phosphate buffered saline, isotonic water, deionized water, monofunctional alcohols and symmetrical alcohols.
• the carrier of the topical composition may further comprise one or more ingredients selected from the group consisting of q) emollients, r) propellants, s) solvents, t) humectants, u) thickeners, v) powders, w) fragrances, x) pigments, and y) preservatives.
• Ingredient q) is an emollient.
• the amount of ingredient q) in a skin-based topical composition is typically about 5 to about 95%.
• Suitable emollients include stearyl alcohol, glyceryl monoricinoleate, glyceryl monostearate, propane- 1,2-diol, butane- 1, 3 -diol, mink oil, cetyl alcohol, isopropyl isostearate, stearic acid, isobutyl palmitate, isocetyl stearate, oleyl alcohol, isopropyl laurate, hexyl laurate, decyl oleate, octadecan-2-ol, isocetyl alcohol, cetyl palmitate, di-n-butyl sebacate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, butyl stearate, polyethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, lanolin, sesame oil, coconut oil, arachis oil, castor oil, acetylated lanolin alcohols, petroleum, mineral oil,
• Ingredient u) is a thickener.
• the amount of ingredient u) in the topical composition is typically about 0 to about 95 %.
• Ingredient v) is a powder.
• the amount of ingredient v) in the topical composition is typically about 0 to about 95 %.
• Suitable powders include be ta- cyclodextrins, hydroxypropyl cyclodextrins, chalk, talc, fullers earth, kaolin, starch, gums, colloidal silicon dioxide, sodium polyacrylate, tetra alkyl ammonium smectites, trialkyl aryl ammonium smectites, chemically-modified magnesium aluminum silicate, organically-modified Montmorillonite clay, hydrated aluminum silicate, fumed silica, carboxyvinyl polymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethylene glycol monostearate, and combinations thereof.
• specific powders include f ⁇ t ⁇ -cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin, and sodium polyacrylate.
• sodium polyacrylate may be used.
• Ingredient x) is a pigment.
• Suitable pigments for skin applications include inorganic pigments, organic lake pigments, pearlescent pigments, and mixtures thereof.
• Inorganic pigments useful in this invention include those selected from the group consisting of rutile or anatase titanium dioxide, coded in the Color Index under the reference CI 77,891; black, yellow, red and brown iron oxides, coded under references CI 77,499, 77,492 and, 77,491; manganese violet (CI 77,742); ultramarine blue (CI 77,007); chromium oxide (CI 77,288); chromium hydrate (CI 77,289); and ferric blue (CI 77,510) and mixtures thereof.
• Suitable organic pigments and lakes include, but are not limited to D&C Red No. 19 (CI 45,170), D&C Red No. 9 (CI 15,585), D&C Red No. 21 (CI 45,380), D&C Orange No. 4 (CI 15,510), D&C Orange No. 5 (CI 45,370), D&C Red No. 27 (CI 45,410), D&C Red No. 13 (CI 15,630), D&C Red No. 7 (CI 15,850), D&C Red No. 6 (CI 15,850), D&C Yellow No. 5 (CI 19,140), D&C Red No. 36 (CI 12,085), D&C Orange No. 10 (CI 45,425), D&C Yellow No. 6 (CI 15,985), D&C Red No. 30 (CI 73,360), D&C Red No. 3 (CI 45,430), the dye or lakes based on Cochineal Carmine (CI 75,570) and mixtures thereof.
• D&C Red No. 19 CI 45,170
• the pearlescent pigments useful in this invention include those selected from the group consisting of the white pearlescent pigments such as mica coated with titanium oxide, bismuth oxychloride, colored pearlescent pigments such as titanium mica with iron oxides, titanium mica with ferric blue, chromium oxide and the like, titanium mica with an organic pigment of the above-mentioned type as well as those based on bismuth oxychloride and mixtures thereof.
• the amount of pigment in the topical composition is typically about 0 to about 10 %. For ocular applications a pigment is generally not used.
• topical pharmaceutical compositions for ocular administration are prepared typically comprising component A and B (a carrier), such as purified water, and one or more ingredients selected from the group consisting of y) sugars or sugar alcohols such as dextrans, particularly mannitol and dextran 70, z) cellulose or a derivative thereof, aa) a salt, bb) disodium EDTA (Edetate disodium), and cc) a pH adjusting additive.
• a carrier such as purified water
• y sugars or sugar alcohols
• dextrans particularly mannitol and dextran 70, z
• cellulose or a derivative thereof aa salt
• bb) disodium EDTA (Edetate disodium) a pH adjusting additive
• Examples of z) cellulose derivatives suitable for use in the topical pharmaceutical composition for ocular administration include sodium carboxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, methylcellulose, and hydroxypropyl- methylcellulose, particularly, hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose.
• Examples of aa) salts suitable for use in the topical pharmaceutical composition for ocular administration include mono-, di- and trisodium phosphate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and combinations thereof.
• pH adjusting additives include HCl or NaOH in amounts sufficient to adjust the pH of the topical pharmaceutical composition for ocular administration to 5.0-7.5.
• Component A may be included in kits comprising component A, a systemic or topical composition described above, or both; and information, instructions, or both that use of the kit will provide treatment for cosmetic and medical conditions in mammals (particularly humans).
• the information and instructions may be in the form of words, pictures, or both, and the like.
• the kit may comprise the medicament, a composition, or both; and information, instructions, or both, regarding methods of application of medicament, or of composition, preferably with the benefit of treating or preventing cosmetic and medical conditions in mammals (e.g., humans).
• HPLC purification when appropriate, was performed by redis solving the compound in a small volume of DMSO and filtering through a 0.45 micron (nylon disc) syringe filter. The solution was then purified using, for example, a 50 mm Varian Dynamax HPLC 21.4 mm Microsorb Guard-8 Cs column (Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, St. Louis, MO). A typical initial eluting mixture of 40-80% MeOHiH 2 O was selected as appropriate for the target compound. This initial gradient was maintained for 0.5 minutes then increased to 100% MeOH:0% H 2 O over 5 minutes. 100% MeOH was maintained for 2 more minutes before re- equilibration back to the initial starting gradient. A typical total run time was 8 minutes. The resulting fractions were analyzed, combined as appropriate, and then evaporated to provide purified material.
• Proton magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) spectra were recorded on either a Varian INOVA 600 MHz ( 1 H) NMR spectrometer, Varian INOVA 500 MHz ( 1 H) NMR spectrometer, Varian Mercury 300 MHz ( 1 H) NMR spectrometer, or a Varian Mercury 200 MHz ( 1 H) NMR spectrometer. All spectra were determined in the solvents indicated. Although chemical shifts are reported in ppm downfield of tetramethylsilane, they are referenced to the residual proton peak of the respective solvent peak for 1 H NMR. Interproton coupling constants are reported in Hertz (Hz).
• Example 8 Preparation of (R )-N-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-2- (methylamino)-2-phenyl acetamide dihydrochloride (E8).
• Example 39 Preparation of N-(isoquinolin-6-yl)-2-morpholino-2-phenyl- acetamide.
• Reference Example One The cell-based porcine trabecular meshwork (PTM) assay.
• the anterior section of porcine eyes was harvested within 4 hours postmortem.
• the iris and ciliary body were removed and trabecular meshwork cells were harvested by blunt dissection.
• Finely minced trabecular meshwork tissue was plated into collagen-coated 6- well plates in Medium- 199 containing 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS). After two passages at confluence, cells were transferred to low-glucose DMEM containing 10% FBS. Cells were used between passage 3 and passage 8.
• FBS fetal bovine serum
• Cells were plated into fibronectin-coated, glass multiwell plates the day before compound testing under standard culture conditions. Compounds were added to cells in the presence of 1% FBS-containing DMEM and 1% DMSO. When compounds were incubated with the cells for the duration determined to be optimal, the media and compounds were removed and cells fixed for 20 minutes in 3% methanol-free paraformaldehyde. Cells were rinsed twice with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the cells were permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100 for two minutes. Following an additional two washes with PBS, F-actin was stained with Alexa-fluor 488-labelled phalloidin and nuclei were stained with DAPI.
• PBS phosphate buffered saline
• Y-27632 is a rho- kinase inhibitor known to result in the depolymerization of F-actin in these cells.
• Example 50 Preparation of N-(isoquinolin- ⁇ -yl) cyclohexylamino phenylmethanesulfonamide. (E50)
• Example 56 Using the general procedure shown for Example 50, the following compound may be synthesized from the corresponding cycloalkylamine.
• Example 79 Preparation of (i?)-2-(dimethylamino)-N-(l- hydroxyisoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetamide hydrochloride. (E79)
• BocHN COF To 6-aminoisoquinolin-l-ol in DMF was added methoxytrimethylsilane and (R)-tert-buty ⁇ 2-fluoro-2 oxo-l-(thiophen-3-yl)ethylcarbamate and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 6 h. The mixture was poured into EtOAc, washed with NH 4 Cl (sat)/HCl (IN) followed by NaHCO 3 (0.05%), dried (Na 2 SO 4 ), filtered and evaporated.
• Example 83 Preparation of (i?)-2-(methylamino)-N-(isoquinolin-6-yl)-2- (thiophen-3-yl)acetamide hydrochloride.
• Example 79 Using largely the procedure set forth in Example 79 and substituting the appropriate starting materials, variations of the compounds set forth in Examples 79- 84 can be made in which the thiophene is substituted with a phenyl group.
• substituted derivatives of the compounds in Examples 79-85 can be made.
• the thiophene or phenyl group can be substituted with a halogen (such as fluorine or chlorine) or methyl groups.
• Example 87 Preparation of (S)-tert-buty ⁇ l-(isoquinolin-7-ylamino)-4-methyl-l- oxopentan-2-yl(methyl)carbamate (E86).
• Example 89 Using largely the procedures set forth in Example 87 and 88 and substituting the appropriate starting materials, the compounds below can be made.
• Reference Example Two Pharmacological Activity for Glaucoma Assay.
• Pharmacological activity for glaucoma can be demonstrated using assays designed to test the ability of the subject compounds to decrease intraocular pressure. Examples of such assays are described in the following reference, incorporated herein by reference: C. Liljebris, G. Selen, B. Resul, J. Sternschantz, and U.hacksell, "Derivatives of 17- phenyl- 18, 19, 20- trinorprostaglandin F 2 ⁇ Ispropyl Ester: Potential Anti-glaucoma Agents", Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 38 (2) 1995, pp. 289-304.
• Example 90 Topical pharmaceutical compositions for lowering intraocular pressure are prepared by conventional methods and formulated as follows:
• a compound according to this invention is used as the 6- or 7- aminoisoquinoline derivative.
• the composition When the composition is topically administered to the eyes once or more daily as 40 microliter drops, the above composition decreases intraocular pressure in a patient suffering from glaucoma.
• Example 96 A pharmaceutical composition is prepared according to Example 90, where the 6-aminoisoquinoline derivative is (i?)-N-(isoquinolin- 6-yl- amino)-2-(ethylamino)-2-p-methylphenyl acetamide dihydrochloride (E18).
• E18 6-aminoisoquinoline derivative
• Example 97 A pharmaceutical composition is prepared according to Example 90, where the 6-aminoisoquinoline derivative is N-(isoquinolin-6-yl) cyclohexylamino phenylmethanesulfonamide (E50). When topically administered to the eyes as a drop twice per day, the composition substantially decreases allergic symptoms and relieves dry eye syndrome.
• E50 N-(isoquinolin-6-yl) cyclohexylamino phenylmethanesulfonamide
• Example 98 A pharmaceutical composition is prepared according to Example 90, where the 6-aminoisoquinoline derivative is (i?)-N-(isoquinolin- 6- ylamino)-2-amino-2-cyclohexyl acetamide dihydrochloride (E9).
• E9 6-aminoisoquinoline derivative
• Example 102 A pharmaceutical composition is prepared according to Example 90, where the 7-aminoisoquinoline derivative is (S)-tert-buty ⁇ 1- (isoquinolin-7-ylamino)-4-methyl- l-oxopentan-2-yl(methyl)carbamate (E87).
• the composition When topically administered to the eyes as a drop 4 times per day, the composition substantially decreases intraocular pressure.
• Example 104 A pharmaceutical composition is prepared according to Example 79, where the 7-aminoisoquinoline derivative is one selected from Example 89. When topically administered to the eyes as a drop 4 times per day, the composition substantially decreases intraocular pressure.
• Example 105 Topical pharmaceutical compositions for lowering intraocular pressure are prepared by conventional methods and formulated as follows:
• a compound according to this invention is used as the 6- or 7- aminoisoquinoline derivative.
• the composition When the composition is topically administered to the eyes once or more daily as 40 microliter drops, the above composition decreases intraocular pressure in a patient suffering from glaucoma.
• Example 106 A pharmaceutical composition was prepared according to Example 105, where the 6-aminoisoquinoline derivative was (i?)-2-(dimethylamino)- N-(l-hydroxyisoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetamide hydrochloride (E79).
• E79 6-aminoisoquinoline derivative
• the composition substantially decreased intraocular pressure. In some tests, the intraocular pressure was decreased by greater than 5 mm of mercury.
• Example 108 Pharmaceutical compositions were prepared according to Example 105, where the 6-aminoisoquinoline derivative was each of Examples 81-84. When a 40 microliter drop was topically administered to the eyes of a Dutch-belted rabbit once daily, the composition substantially decreased intraocular pressure. In some tests, the intraocular pressure was decreased by greater than 5 mm of mercury.
• Example 109 A pharmaceutical composition is prepared according to Example 105, where the 6-aminoisoquinoline derivatives are those set forth in Examples 85 and 86. When a 40 microliter drop is topically administered to the eyes of a Dutch-belted rabbit once daily, the composition substantially decreases intraocular pressure.

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