WO2009084661A1 - 延伸フィルムの製造方法、フィルムの製造方法及びフィルム - Google Patents
延伸フィルムの製造方法、フィルムの製造方法及びフィルム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009084661A1 WO2009084661A1 PCT/JP2008/073805 JP2008073805W WO2009084661A1 WO 2009084661 A1 WO2009084661 A1 WO 2009084661A1 JP 2008073805 W JP2008073805 W JP 2008073805W WO 2009084661 A1 WO2009084661 A1 WO 2009084661A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- film
- stretched
- producing
- holding member
- holding
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/18—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets by squeezing between surfaces, e.g. rollers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/04—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique
- B29C55/08—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique transverse to the direction of feed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/20—Edge clamps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/22—Corrugating
- B29C53/24—Corrugating of plates or sheets
- B29C53/28—Corrugating of plates or sheets transverse to direction of feed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/22—Corrugating
- B29C53/24—Corrugating of plates or sheets
- B29C53/28—Corrugating of plates or sheets transverse to direction of feed
- B29C53/285—Corrugating of plates or sheets transverse to direction of feed using rolls or endless bands
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2029/00—Use of polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2029/04—PVOH, i.e. polyvinyl alcohol
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/514—Oriented
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a continuous production method of a film uniaxially stretched only in the transverse direction with respect to the transport direction.
- the present invention relates to a production method for suitably producing a retardation film having excellent optical property uniformity.
- Patent Document 1 a film stretching machine is known that stretches a film in the width direction by widening the distance between the clips on both sides while gripping and transporting both sides of the film with clips. .
- the conventional clip for gripping the film has a flapper that swings so that the tip can come into contact with the film mounting surface, and the tension of the film mounts the flapper.
- the contact angle of the flapper with respect to the placement surface is set so as to act in the direction of pressing against the placement surface.
- the gripping portion of the flapper is formed in a flat surface so that the film can be gripped in a flat shape.
- the film in the longitudinal stretching method in which the film is stretched in the transport direction, the film can be freely shrunk in the lateral direction, so that it is easy to obtain a film stretched only in one axis in the longitudinal direction.
- the film when designing a liquid crystal panel, since it is necessary to combine retardation films in different stretching directions, it is also necessary to produce a film stretched uniaxially in the transverse direction.
- the conventional clip for gripping the film has a flapper that swings so that the tip can come into contact with the film mounting surface, and the flapper acts so that the tension of the film acts in the direction of pressing the flapper against the gripping portion.
- the contact angle of the grip portion is set.
- the gripping portion of the flapper is formed in a flat surface so that the film can be gripped in a flat shape.
- the film is subjected to stress to change the molecular arrangement and impart polarization characteristics and the like.
- the purpose of the stretching technique is to obtain desired optical characteristics by controlling this.
- the film when the film is simply stretched in the transverse direction with respect to the transport direction, it tends to shrink in the transport direction, so that a tensile stress acts also in the transport direction on the film whose both ends are fixed by clips or the like.
- a tensile stress acts also in the transport direction on the film whose both ends are fixed by clips or the like.
- the film will be stretched in the longitudinal direction at the same time as stretching in the lateral direction, and uniaxial stretching only in the lateral direction cannot be realized, giving the film undesirable properties. Result.
- Patent Documents 2, 3, 4, and 5 disclose techniques for solving such problems.
- the techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 2, 3, 4, and 5 are methods for relaxing stretching in the longitudinal direction by utilizing thermal shrinkage of the film after obtaining a film stretched in the longitudinal direction in the transverse stretching step. It is.
- this method requires two steps, a transverse stretching step and a relaxation step, and has a problem that efficiency is poor.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a technique of stretching in the transverse direction while maintaining a state where both ends of the film are shaped into a waveform. With this method, uniaxial stretching only in the transverse direction can be achieved, and the bowing phenomenon in the transverse direction can be reduced.
- Patent Document 6 does not describe a method for forming a waveform or a stretching method. In particular, means for continuously performing a stretching process or a film, which is most important for film production, is continuously applied to a waveform. No means for forming was disclosed, and it was poor in practicality.
- the present invention improves the method of fixing both ends of a continuously supplied film to a conveying device and stretching the film in the transverse direction with respect to the conveying direction, and is a stretched film selectively uniaxially stretched in the transverse direction. It relates to the manufacturing method.
- the first feature point is that at least one of the upper and lower holding members of the flapper-type clip is corrugated in order to stretch the film in a corrugated state (sag) in a direction transverse to the conveying direction. It is a shape.
- the film is shaped so as to be waved by sandwiching the film with corrugated clips.
- shapeing does not mean that the film is plastically deformed, but means that the film is not flat but waved.
- the second feature is to smoothly and surely carry out the sandwiching and transporting of the film by the corrugated holding member, and to produce a stretched film that is continuously uniaxially stretched in the transverse direction.
- This means is provided. That is, when the holding member of the flapper clip is made into a waveform, the upper teeth (protrusions) and lower teeth (protrusions) of the holding member that are in contact with the flat film when the film is gripped by the flapper are upstream in the process. It is necessary to pull the film from the side.
- the holding member is held in accordance with the relationship between the sine and cosine from when the tip of the holding member comes into contact with the film placed at the top of the corrugation until the film is pushed into the bottom of the corrugation and completely gripped in the vertical direction.
- the frictional force between the member and the film may cause wrinkles that cause the film to irregularly crease in the central direction, and may cause damage to the film.
- the flapper disclosed in Patent Document 1 swings like a pendulum and moves close to and away from the film mounting surface, and the swinging direction is perpendicular to the film transport direction. Therefore, the flapper is initially outside the side of the film, swings in a circular arc locus, and moves toward the center of the film. Finally, the tip of the flapper comes into contact with the film. After that, the flapper continues to swing while drawing an arc trajectory, so the flapper swings toward the center of the film even after coming into contact with the film, and not only presses the surface of the film but also applies force to the inside. End up.
- the flapper holds the film while moving in the width direction of the film.
- the flapper disclosed in Patent Document 1 or the like has a planar shape as described above, but if this is modified into a waveform to realize the first feature point described above, the frictional force with the film increases. . For this reason, the flapper modified to corrugation generates considerable frictional force with the film, so the edge of the film moves in the center direction along with the lateral movement of the flapper, causing wrinkles on the film, Can be damaged.
- the film in order not to generate a frictional force between the film and the clip, the film is not overdrawn from the upstream side by the occlusal force of the clip, but the film is overfeeded so as to wave in accordance with the gripping shape of the clip. do it.
- the 2nd feature point provides the film extending method which can hold
- the film is shaped into a waveform mainly by a film overfeed device.
- shapeing is as described above, and does not mean that the film is plastically deformed, but means that the film is not flat but waved.
- the invention completed on the basis of the above-described knowledge is a stretched film that transports while holding both ends of the film between holding members, and stretches the film in the transverse direction with respect to the transport direction by widening the distance between the holding members at both ends together with the transport.
- the holding member has a pair of holding member pieces, and sandwiches an end portion of the film between the holding member pieces, and at least one of the pair of holding member pieces has a convex portion or a concave shape.
- At least one part of the film, and the holding member sags a partial region or the entire area of the film, or before both ends of the film are sandwiched by the holding member, or both ends of the film are sandwiched by the holding member.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a stretched film characterized by sagging a partial region or the entire region of the film and stretching the film in a transverse direction while remaining in a slack state.
- the state of “sag” refers to a state in which the actual length of the film existing at a specific interval in the transport state is longer than the specific interval described above. It can be said that the film is excessively supplied.
- a wavy state can be considered.
- the “wavy state” may be a state in which the shape and period of the peaks and valleys are irregular, but for the purpose of uniform quality, it is desirable that the shape and period of the peaks and valleys be regular.
- Recommended in the form of a “sag” state is a state in which peaks and valleys exist regularly like a sine curve, as well as a state where only mountains and valleys exist, such as a pulsation state.
- the film is slackened so as to be in a state of being shaped into a corrugated shape and stretched in the transverse direction.
- the method for sagging the film is arbitrary.
- the film can be formed into a corrugated shape by the holding member piece itself. That is, a pair of holding member pieces each having a concavo-convex shape are used, and the film is slung between the holding member pieces. In this aspect, both holding member pieces each have a convex portion and a concave portion.
- the uneven shape is not particularly limited, and a shape having a round peak shape or a valley bottom shape or a flat shape may be considered.
- Specific examples of the concavo-convex shape include those in which peaks and valleys appear alternately, such as a sine curve, but also include those in which only ridges or valleys exist and appear to be external concavo-convex shapes. Needle-like shapes are also included in the irregular shape.
- the most recommended uneven shape is a corrugated shape having peaks and valleys like a sine curve. As described above, it is recommended to use a pair of holding member pieces that are both concavo-convex and sandwich the film between the holding member pieces so that the film is waved, but the present invention is limited to this configuration. It is not something.
- one holding member piece has a convex part and a concave part. Furthermore, it is also possible to shape the film into a corrugated shape using one holding member piece having only a convex portion or one holding member piece having only a concave portion. Furthermore, a device for shaping the film into a corrugated shape may be prepared separately, and the film may be shaped into a corrugated shape using this device.
- the film can be stretched in the transverse direction in a state where it is slackened (preferably in a state of being shaped into a waveform).
- the center of the film can be freely contracted in the transport direction, the stretching of the film in the transport direction can be suppressed, and a film that is selectively stretched only in the lateral direction can be produced.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a stretched film in which both ends of a film are conveyed while being sandwiched between holding members, and the film is stretched in the transverse direction with respect to the conveying direction by increasing the distance between the holding members at both ends together with the conveying.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a stretched film, characterized in that the entire region is slackened and the film is stretched in the transverse direction while remaining slack.
- pressing at least one surface of the film with an interval in the transport direction means pressing a part of the film and then pressing a position away from the film in the transport direction.
- the wavy gripping member is preferably a member that forms a gap larger than the thickness of the film at the time of occlusion.
- This method does not damage the film by applying excessive pressure to the central part of the film or forming wrinkles on the film due to excessive supply.
- Still another aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a stretched film in which a continuously supplied film is conveyed while holding both ends, and the film is stretched in the width direction with respect to the conveying direction while conveying the film.
- a step of sagging both ends of the film by a member having a shape, a holding step of holding both ends of the sagging film in the transport device, and a direction transverse to the transport direction while transporting the film by the transport device It is related with the manufacturing method of the stretched film characterized by including the extending
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to the method for producing the stretched film, wherein the sagging step (preferably the waving step, hereinafter the same) is a step of gradually pressing the member provided with the uneven shape against the film.
- the sagging step preferably the waving step, hereinafter the same
- the sagging step is a step of gradually pressing the member provided with the uneven shape against the film.
- grade means a situation where a certain amount of time is required from the start to the completion of the operation, and refers to a situation where a member provided with a concavo-convex shape operates at an operation speed at which the state of movement can be confirmed visually. It is desirable that one second or more be required between the start and completion of the sagging process (waving process).
- Another preferred embodiment relates to the method for producing the stretched film, wherein the sagging step is a step of gradually sandwiching the film between the members provided with the uneven shape.
- a further preferred aspect of the present invention relates to the method for producing the stretched film, wherein the wave shape of the film formed in the step of sagging is changed by changing the distance between the members provided with the concavo-convex shape.
- the sagging state of the film for example, the waveform shape can be freely adjusted, and the effect of suppressing the stretching of the film in the transport direction can be freely controlled.
- a further preferred aspect of the present invention relates to the method for producing the stretched film, wherein, for example, the step of holding the both ends of the film shaped into a corrugated shape in the conveying device is a step of sandwiching by a holding member having a member that is close to and separates.
- a typical example of a “holding member having a member that moves close to and away from” is a clip. According to this aspect, for example, it is possible to hold the film in a waveform while maintaining the shape of the film shaped into a waveform.
- the holding member has a pair of holding member pieces, and the end portions of the film are sandwiched between the holding member pieces, and each of the pair of holding member pieces has an uneven shape.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing the stretched film.
- the holding member has a pair of holding member pieces, and the end portions of the film are sandwiched between the holding member pieces, and one of the pair of holding member pieces has an uneven shape.
- the other relates to a method for producing the stretched film having a planar shape.
- the recommended film overfeed device is In a film overfeed device that constitutes a film stretching machine in combination with a film stretching unit, The film stretching unit is configured to hold the side edge of the transported film and pull the film in the width direction, and the film overfeed device is disposed upstream of the film stretching unit or at a position equivalent to the film stretching unit.
- Is It has a corrugated gripping member with a front gripping piece and a back gripping piece, each of the front gripping piece and the back gripping piece has a supercharging projection, and the supercharging projection of the front gripping piece and the supercharging projection of the back gripping piece
- the supercharging protrusions are engaged with each other
- the front-side grip piece and the back-side grip piece are arranged opposite to the front and back sides of the film, and the wavy gripping member sandwiches the film between the front-side grip piece and the back-side grip piece while moving in the film transport direction. This is a film overfeed device.
- the biting posture refers to a state in which the concave and convex shapes face each other and the other convex portion enters into one concave portion in addition to a state of fitting like a gear.
- the film overfeed device employed in the present invention can temporarily wave a film sent in a plane and supply the film to the film stretching section in this waved state. That is, the film overfeed device of the present invention is disposed upstream of the film stretching portion or at a position equivalent to the film stretching portion, and before the film stretching portion holds the film, or the film stretching portion is the film. Functions simultaneously with holding.
- the film overfeed device functions before the film stretching unit holds the film.
- the film overfeed device of the present invention has a wave-like gripping member having a front-side gripping piece and a back-side gripping piece, and sandwiches the film before the film stretching unit holds the film.
- the film overfeed device of the present invention there are supercharging projections on both the front side gripping piece and the backside gripping piece, and the supercharging projections on the front side gripping piece and the supercharging projections on the backside gripping piece are alternately positioned in the film transport direction. When the front side grip piece and the back side grip piece are close to each other, the supercharging protrusions are engaged with each other.
- the film when the film is sandwiched between wavy gripping members having a front side gripping piece and a back side gripping piece, the film undulates. Therefore, according to the film overfeed device of the present invention, the film can be waved in advance and supplied to the film stretching section.
- the film overfeed device is disposed to face both the front and back sides of the film, and includes a waved gripping member that sandwiches the film while moving in the film transport direction.
- Supercharging protrusions arranged in the transport direction and projecting alternately toward the film so as to extend in the width direction of the film are provided.
- the supercharging protrusion pulls the film from the upstream side and loosens it by sandwiching the film with the wavy gripping member.
- the film can be supplied in a shape that is held by the film stretching machine, so that the film stretching machine can easily grip the film in a wave shape.
- a plurality of the wavy gripping members may be held at equal intervals by an annular endless member that circulates in a plane orthogonal to the film conveyance surface.
- the plurality of wavy gripping members can be regularly circulated so as to sandwich the film from the front and back at regular intervals.
- the wave-shaped gripping member may be released after gradually sandwiching the film, gripping and transporting the sandwiched film for a certain period of time.
- the wavy gripping member slowly sandwiches the film, so that the film can be drawn and waved from the upstream side without difficulty.
- both sides of the film can be easily gripped by the film stretching machine while gripping the film.
- the wavy gripping member may form a gap larger than the thickness of the film at the time of occlusion.
- This configuration does not damage the film by applying excessive pressure to the central part of the film or forming excessive wrinkles on the film due to excessive supply.
- the film stretching machine has a plurality of clips that respectively circulate on both sides of the film at a speed equal to that of the wavy gripping member of the film overfeed device, and grip the side edges of the film.
- a tooth portion for engaging the corrugated waveform corresponding to the supercharging protrusion of the corrugated gripping member to grip the film is provided, and the side edge of the film is gripped when sandwiched between the corrugated gripping members.
- the clip can grip the film without difficulty, and the film cannot be wrinkled or scratched.
- Another configuration of the present invention is characterized in that the film is a thermoplastic resin.
- Such a configuration makes it possible to produce a film that is stretched only in the transverse direction and that has a desired stretch ratio.
- the most essential part of the present invention is that in the method for producing a stretched film that is stretched in the transverse direction with respect to the transport direction while transporting the long film in the longitudinal direction, a partial region or the entire region of the film is previously longitudinally oriented. It is the manufacturing method of the stretched film characterized by starting the extending
- a partial region or the entire region of the film can be slackened in the longitudinal direction in advance.
- a partial region or the entire region of the film is slackened in the longitudinal direction in advance by alternately pressing one surface and the other surface of the film.
- the film may be slackened by sandwiching both ends of the film in the width direction with a tool, but if the film is slackened with the part other than the end (center part) sandwiched by the tool, the entire film is sagged uniformly.
- Cheap the film is slackened by sandwiching both ends of the film in the width direction with a tool, but if the film is slackened with the part other than the end (center part) sandwiched by the tool, the entire film is sagged uniformly.
- a long film is transported by a transporting means, and the film is in a state where a part of the film or a whole region is waved with the film being given a degree of freedom in the transporting direction with respect to the transporting means. It is recommended to sag.
- the film since the film has a degree of freedom in the transport direction with respect to the transport means, it is easy to pull in the film on the upstream side or the downstream side in the transport direction when the film is sandwiched with an instrument.
- the invention of the method for producing a retardation compensation film, etc. includes a long stretched film stretched in the transverse direction produced by the above-described stretched film production method, and a long longitudinal stretched film stretched in the longitudinal direction. Are bonded together while being conveyed in the same direction.
- a retardation compensation film or the like can be continuously produced.
- Another method invention is a method for producing a film, characterized in that a long stretched film stretched in the transverse direction produced by the above-described stretched film production method and a polarizing plate are bonded together. Still another method invention is to bond a long stretched film stretched in the transverse direction produced by the above-described stretched film production method and a long polarizing plate while being conveyed in the same direction. Is a method for producing a film.
- the long polarizing plate is, for example, a film in which a PVA film (polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl alcohol) stretched in the longitudinal direction and a TAC film (triacetylcellulose) are bonded together.
- the invention relating to the film has a width of 600 mm or more produced by stretching the film in the lateral direction while conveying the long film in the longitudinal direction in a state in which a partial region or the entire region of the film is previously slackened in the longitudinal direction. It is a long stretched film, wherein the Nz coefficient of each of the three pieces taken from the position on the center line and 100 mm from each end is 1.4 or less.
- the invention relating to another film is a long stretched film having a width of 600 mm or more, and the Nz coefficient of each of the three pieces taken from the position on the center line and the position of 100 mm from both ends is 1 4 or less.
- the long film means a film having a remarkably long overall length with respect to the width. There is no clear standard as to how many times the total length exceeds the width. However, it can be said to be long if the total length exceeds 10 times the width.
- the film is usually shipped after being stretched in the transverse direction and then cut off at both ends in the width direction. Moreover, it is divided in the width direction as necessary. There are various widths of the film before the division described above, and there are about 1330 mm to 1450 mm. In a wide film such as 1330 mm to 1450 mm, the part where the Nz coefficient is measured should be changed according to the width.
- the Nz coefficient of a sample collected from a position of 100 mm from the end toward the center is measured with reference to a state where both ends in the width direction are cut. Specifically, the Nz coefficient of a sample collected from the center, a sample collected from a position 100 mm from the right end, and a sample collected from a position 100 mm from the left end is measured.
- the film is characterized by the following.
- the invention relating to another film is a seamless long film having a width of 600 mm or more in which at least two layers of stretched films are laminated, wherein the stretch directions of the two layers of stretched films intersect, and the 2
- the stretched film of the layer is a film characterized in that the Nz coefficient is 1.4 or less at any part.
- a continuously supplied film can be smoothly shaped into a corrugated shape, and can be fixed to a conveying device while maintaining the shape of the corrugated shape, thereby selectively stretching only in the lateral direction. And a film stretched uniformly at each position in the transverse direction can be continuously produced.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a film stretching machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. The front view of a clip and a wavelike holding member.
- FIG. 4 is a side view of the feeder chain and the wavy gripping member of FIG. 3.
- FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged side view of the feeder chain and the wavy gripping member of FIG.
- the perspective view of the film extending machine of embodiment of this invention is a front view of the clip just before holding the film F in 1st embodiment
- (b) is a side view of the clip just before holding the film F in 1st embodiment
- (A) is a front view of the clip in the state which hold
- (b) is a side view of the clip in the state which hold
- a perspective view of a wavy gripping member employed in the present embodiment Explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between the position of the film in 1st embodiment, and the attitude
- the perspective view of the clip in 2nd embodiment (A) is a front view of the clip immediately before holding the film F in 2nd embodiment, (b) is a side view of the clip just before holding the film F in 2nd embodiment. (A) is a front view of the clip in the state which hold
- the film F is held by the holding members 2 and 55 having a specific shape, so that the film F is stretched in the transverse direction with respect to the transport direction in a state of being shaped into a waveform.
- the basic idea is that the film F can be prevented from being stretched in the conveying direction while being stretched in the direction, and the film F stretched selectively only in the lateral direction can be produced.
- another essential point of the present invention is to supply the film F, to continuously shape the film F along the conveying direction, in order to realize the stretching operation continuously and smoothly, the waveform
- the step of gripping both ends of the film F shaped in the shape of a conveying device and the step of stretching the film F in the lateral direction while conveying the film F are carried out continuously.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the period and size of the shape of the unevenness that bites the film F is arbitrarily selected according to the physical properties of the film F and the stretching ratio.
- FIG. 1 An example of the clip-type holding member 2 is shown in FIG.
- the surface of the holding member 2 that sandwiches the film F is composed of an upper tooth portion (holding member piece) 12 and a lower tooth portion (holding member piece) 11 that are waved together. Since the film F gripped by such a clip forms a wave shape, the object of the present invention can be achieved.
- FIG. There is a clip having a structure in which one of 57 has an uneven shape and the other is a flat shape. A clip having such a structure is preferable because the film F can be shaped and stretched into a waveform having an arbitrary height or period.
- the film F when using an apparatus that continuously shapes the film F into a waveform, such as the above-described film overfeed apparatus, the film F can be used even if the waveform period and height of the shaped film F are not constant. It is possible to securely insert the end portion, which is the most preferable embodiment.
- the upper surface of the surface of the holding member 55 sandwiching the film F is an upper tooth portion (holding member piece) 56 having a corrugated uneven shape.
- the lower surface is a flat surface 57.
- FIG. 3 shows a film stretching machine 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the film stretching machine 1 includes a tenter chain 3 in which clips 2 that hold both side ends of the film F are provided at equal intervals, and a heating furnace 4 that heats the film F held by the tenter chain 3 with hot air, The film F is stretched in the width direction by widening the interval between the tenter chains 3 that hold the film F.
- the film stretching machine 1 has two pairs of feeder chains (endless members) that circulate in a plane parallel to the transport direction of the film F and perpendicular to the transport surface (horizontal plane) of the film F on the front and back sides of the film F, respectively. 5 and a film overfeed device 7 that is held in the feeder chain 5 at equal intervals with the clip 2 and includes wavy gripping members 6 a and 6 b that sandwich the film F from the front and back.
- the structure of the apparatus for continuously shaping the film F used in the present invention into a waveform along the conveying direction is not particularly limited as long as the apparatus can continuously shape the film F into a waveform.
- the film overfeed device 7 as shown in FIG. 3 is preferable because it does not give excessive friction and tension to the film F and can smoothly shape the waveform.
- the figure which looked at the film overfeed apparatus 7 from the side in FIG. 5 is shown.
- wave-shaped gripping members (front-side gripping pieces and back-side gripping pieces) 6a, 6b that are arranged to face both front and back surfaces of the film F and sandwich the film F while moving in the transport direction of the film F
- the corrugated gripping member 6 includes supercharging protrusions 15 that are arranged in the transport direction of the film F and protrude from each other.
- the wavy gripping members (front side gripping pieces and back side gripping pieces) 6a and 6b of the film overfeed device 7 are fixed to the upper and lower feeder chains 5 at equal intervals, respectively. Further, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the wavy gripping members (front gripping pieces and back gripping pieces) 6 a and 6 b have the waveform of the lower tooth portion 11 and the upper tooth portion 12 of the clip 2 in the transport direction of the film F. Supercharging protrusions 15 that protrude toward the film F so as to extend in the width direction (perpendicular to the transport direction) of the film F are formed alternately at the same pitch as the period. The wavy gripping members (front side gripping pieces and back side gripping pieces) 6a and 6b are engaged with each other when the upper and lower feeder chains 5 are brought close to each other by the feeder guides 16 and 17.
- the wavy gripping members (front gripping pieces and back gripping pieces) 6a and 6b do not come into contact with each other even when they approach again so as to receive the supercharging protrusion 15, and are sufficiently larger than the thickness of the film F. Engage so as to leave a gap. Thereby, excessive compressive stress is applied to the central portion of the film F so as not to be damaged.
- the supercharging protrusion 15 slacks the whole area
- the wavy gripping members (front side gripping pieces and back side gripping pieces) 6a and 6b are annular endless members that circulate in a plane perpendicular to the transport surface of the film F. A plurality of them may be held at regular intervals.
- the height, width, shape, period, and the speed at which the upper and lower supercharging protrusions 15 approach each other, such as the length necessary for contracting the film F, the film It is possible to select freely from the minimum bend radius or the like to avoid F breakage.
- the wavy gripping members 6a and 6b of the film overfeed device 7 gradually sandwich the film F from the upper and lower surfaces. That is, the supercharging protrusion 15 gradually presses the surface of the film F.
- the clip 2 is configured to hold both side ends of the film F with the holding member 2 while the film overfeed device 7 brings the wave-like holding members 6 a and 6 b close to each other and sandwiches the film F therebetween.
- the position at which the film F is sandwiched from above and below by the wavy gripping member 6 is arbitrary, but it is necessary to sandwich the film F inside the end of the film F. That is, it is necessary to hold the end portion of the corrugated film F on the transport device while maintaining the corrugated film F.
- As a specific position for sandwiching the film F if it is too close to both ends of the film F, it will interfere with the holding member (clip) 2 and the like. It is more preferable that the inner side is sandwiched by 10 mm or more from both ends from the viewpoint of securely fixing.
- the waveform of the portion sandwiched between the holding members (clips) 2 will weaken and the film F will be wasted, so within 20 mm from both ends It is preferable that it is a position.
- a conventional stretching apparatus can be used without any particular limitation.
- two sets of chains are passed through a tenter furnace (heating furnace 4), a device for fixing both ends of the film F is attached to the chain, and the distance between the two sets of chains increases as the chain moves.
- Conditions such as the temperature of the tenter furnace, the stretching ratio of the film F, and the stretching step are arbitrary, and an optimum value can be selected according to the physical properties of the film F. Any type of film F can be used.
- a thermoplastic resin is preferable because it can be easily stretched by heating.
- cellulose-based resins are optical retardation films. It is effective and preferable.
- the film stretching machine 1 includes a film stretching unit 20, a heating furnace 4, and a film overfeed device 7.
- the film stretching section 20 includes two systems of tenter chains 3a and 3b, and clips 2 that hold both side ends of the film F are provided at equal intervals on the tenter chains 3a and 3b.
- the tenter chains 3a and 3b are suspended from the drive side sprockets 21a and 21b and the driven side sprockets 22a and 22b.
- the four sprockets 21a, 21b, 22a, 22b that suspend the tenter chains 3a, 3b are all arranged in the same plane as shown in FIGS. 3 and 7, the four sprockets 21a, 21b, 22a, and 22b that suspend the tenter chains 3a and 3b all have a rotation axis in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface. 21a, 21b, 22a and 22b are all arranged on a plane parallel to the paper surface.
- the two tenta chains 3a and 3b are arranged so that one running surface faces each other as shown in FIGS.
- the opposing running surfaces of the two systems of tenta chains 3 a and 3 b function as the extending action portion 27.
- the opposite running surfaces (extension acting portions 27) of the two systems of tenta chains 3a and 3b are constituted by an introduction-side straight portion 23, an inclined portion 24, and a terminal-side straight portion 25.
- the running surfaces of the tenter chains 3a and 3b (the extending action portion 27) are such that the introduction-side straight portion 23 and the distal-side straight portion 25 are opposed to the introduction-side straight portion 23 and the distal-side straight portion 25 of the opposing tenta chains 3a and 3b.
- a tapered portion is formed by the inclined portion 24 of the opposing tenta chains 3a and 3b.
- Clips (holding members) 2 are provided at equal intervals on the tenter chains 3a and 3b, and both ends of the film F are gripped by the clips 2. The shape of the clip 2 will be described later.
- the heating furnace 4 heats the film F held by the tenter chains 3a and 3b with hot air.
- the film overfeed device 7 includes two pairs (four systems) of feeder chains 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d. As shown in FIG. 7, the feeder chains 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d are a pair of feeder chains 5a and 5b, and the feeder chains 5c and 5d form another pair.
- the four sprockets 30, 31, 32, 33 for suspending the pair of feeder chains 5a, 5b are all arranged in the same plane as shown in FIGS. However, the plane formed by the four sprockets 30, 31, 32, 33 is a plane orthogonal to the plane formed by the four sprockets 21a, 21b, 22a, 22b that suspend the tenter chains 3a, 3b. is there.
- the sprockets 30, 31, 32, 33 are drive side sprockets, and the sprockets 31, 33 are driven side sprockets.
- the other pair of feeder chains 5c and 5d is arranged in parallel with the aforementioned feeder chains 5a and 5b.
- the sprockets 30, 31, 32, 33 included in one pair and the sprockets 30 ', 31', 32 ', 33' included in the other pair have shafts 36, 37, 38 that have the same corresponding sprockets. , 39. Accordingly, the sprockets 30, 31, 32, 33 rotate synchronously, and the feeder chains 5c, 5d also run synchronously.
- a plurality of front side gripping pieces 6a are attached to the upper feeder chains 5a, 5c with reference to FIG.
- a plurality of back side gripping pieces 6b are attached at equal intervals to the lower feeder chains 5b and 5d with reference to FIG.
- a front gripping piece 6a attached to the upper feeder chains 5a and 5c and a back gripping piece 6b attached to the lower feeder chains 5b and 5d constitute a pair of wavy gripping members 6.
- the shapes of the front gripping piece 6a and the back gripping piece 6b will be described later.
- the two pairs (four systems) of feeder chains 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d described above are all in a region that is substantially surrounded by the tenter chains 3a and 3b of the film extending portion 20.
- the length of the feeder chains 5 a, 5 b, 5 c, 5 d of the film overfeed device 7 is shorter than the tenter chains 3 a, b of the film extending portion 20.
- the starting ends of the feeder chains 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d of the film overfeed device 7 are slightly upstream from the starting ends of the tenter chains 3a and 3b of the film extending section 20, and the feeder chains 5a, 5b, The end portions 5c and 5d are located at the end portion of the introduction-side straight portion 23.
- feeder chains 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d of the film overfeed device 7 and the tenter chains 3a and 3b run synchronously.
- the heating furnace 4 is provided at the position of the inclined portion 24 of the tenter chain 3a, b in the film stretching portion 20.
- FIG. 1 and 2 are side views of the clip.
- FIG. 4 is a front view of the clip and the wavy gripping member.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the film stretching machine 1 in a state where the film F is held.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the clip 2.
- FIG. 10 is a side view and a front view of the clip immediately before holding the film F
- FIG. 11 is a side view and a front view of the clip in a state where the film F is held.
- the clip 2 is attached to the tenter chain 3 via the base 8 as shown in FIGS. That is, the base 8 is fixed to the pin of the tenter chain 3 by known means, and the clip 2 is placed on the base 8.
- the clip 2 has a frame 9 having a substantially U-shape opened to the film F side, and a flapper 10 is attached to the frame 9. That is, the frame 9 has a U shape having an upper side 40, a vertical side 41, and a lower side 42.
- the upper surface (inner surface) of the lower side 42 of the frame 9 functions as the film mounting surface 45, and has a waveform (lower tooth portion 11) in this embodiment. That is, the film mounting surface 45 as a holding member piece is corrugated and has both a convex portion and a concave portion. In addition, it can be said that the film mounting surface 45 has convex portions provided at a constant interval.
- the flapper 10 has a flange portion 46 and a pressing portion 47, and an intermediate portion of the flange portion 46 is fixed to the upper side 40 of the frame 9, and the flapper 10 swings like a pendulum.
- the swinging direction of the flapper 10 is the width direction of the film F. That is, the pressing portion 47 of the flapper 10 moves along an arc locus. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 10, when the flange portion 46 is in an oblique posture, the pressing portion 47 is separated from the film placement surface 45. On the other hand, when the collar portion 46 is in the hanging posture, the lower surface of the pressing portion 47 approaches the film placement surface 45 and presses the film placement surface 45.
- the lower surface of the pressing portion 47 has a waveform (upper tooth portion 12). That is, the pressing portion 47 as the holding member piece is also corrugated and has both a convex portion and a concave portion. It can also be said that the pressing portion 47 is also provided with convex portions with a certain interval.
- the corrugated shape of the lower surface of the pressing portion 47 matches the corrugated shape of the film placement surface 45 (lower tooth portion 11).
- the flapper 10 since the intermediate portion of the flange portion 46 is fixed to the upper side of the frame 9, the upper end of the flange portion 46 protrudes above the upper side 40 of the frame 9. Therefore, the flapper 10 can be swung by pressing the upper end of the flange portion 46 in the lateral direction, and the pressing portion 47 of the flapper 10 can be moved close to and away from the film mounting surface 45 as described above.
- a long clip guide 14 is provided in the vicinity of the tenter chains 3a and 3b, and the upper end of the collar portion is brought into contact with the clip guide 14.
- the positional relationship between the clip guide 14 and the frame 9 is designed to change from place to place, and the flap guide 10 is swung by pressing the upper end of the flange 46 with the clip guide 14.
- FIG. 4 shows details of the clip 2 holding the film F and the corrugated gripping member 6.
- the clip 2 is fixed to a base 8 attached to the frame of the tenter chain 3 at equal intervals, and has a generally U-shaped frame 9 that is open to the film F side, and a swingable pivot at the top end of the frame 9. And a supported flapper 10.
- the flapper 10 is provided with an upper tooth portion 12 that engages with a lower tooth portion 11 provided at the lower end of the lower side of the frame 9 at the front end. Further, the flapper 10 swings while an arm portion 13 extending above the frame is guided by a clip guide 14.
- the clip 2 grips or releases the side edge of the film F with the lower tooth portion 11 and the upper tooth portion 12 by the swing of the flapper 10.
- the lower tooth portion 11 and the upper tooth portion 12 of the clip 2 are engaged with a waveform that periodically moves up and down at a predetermined pitch in the film F conveyance direction.
- FIG. 5 shows a pair of feeder chains 5a and 5b.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a part of FIG. 5 and shows a wave-like gripping member 6 constituted by a front-side gripping piece 6a and a back-side gripping piece 6b. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG.
- the opposite running surfaces of the feeder chains 5 a and 5 b function as the feed operation unit 50.
- the feeder guide 16 is provided in the travel path on the feed operation unit 50 side, which is an area surrounded by the feeder chain 5a located on the upper side.
- the feeder guide 16 has a length over substantially the entire traveling path on the feed operation unit 50 side.
- the feeder guide 16 becomes a shape which protrudes the intermediate part of a driving
- a feeder guide 17 is provided for the feeder chain 5b located at the lower part.
- the feeder guide 17 has a guide surface that is gently inclined, and the vicinity of the end of the traveling path projects outward.
- the front gripping piece 6a is attached to the upper feeder chain 5a
- the back gripping piece 6b is attached to the lower feeder chain 5b.
- the front gripping piece 6a provided in the feeder chain 5a has three supercharging projections 15 formed on the lower surface as shown in FIG.
- the supercharging protrusion 15 protrudes toward the film F side, has a rib shape, and has a length at the peak. That is, one supercharging protrusion 15 extends over the entire width of the front side gripping piece 6a.
- the direction of the peak of the supercharging protrusion 15 is along the width direction of the film F. A portion where the supercharging protrusion 15 does not exist, that is, a valley portion of the supercharging protrusion 15 is flat.
- the width W of the supercharging protrusion 15 is smaller than the interval w between the supercharging protrusions 15. It can be said that the front-side gripping piece 6a is provided with the supercharging protrusions 15 with a certain interval. In the present embodiment, the interval between the supercharging protrusions 15 is constant as a recommended configuration, but the interval between the supercharging protrusions 15 may be irregular. The same applies to the back side gripping piece 6b described later. Note that the lower surface of the front-side gripping piece 6a may be a corrugated surface like a sine curve. In the present embodiment, a plurality of front side gripping pieces 6a are provided at equal intervals in the upper feeder chain 5a. From this point as well, it can be said that the supercharging protrusions 15 are provided at regular intervals. The distance between the front gripping pieces 6a is equal to the distance between the clips 2 described above.
- a supercharging protrusion 15 is also provided on the back side gripping piece 6b provided on the lower feeder chain 5b. It can be said that the supercharging protrusion 15 is also provided with a fixed interval also about the back side holding piece 6b.
- the shape and interval of the supercharging protrusion 15 provided on the lower back side gripping piece 6b are the same as those of the front side gripping piece 6a described above.
- the front side gripping piece 6a described above has three supercharging protrusions 15, whereas the lower backside gripping piece 6b has four supercharging protrusions 15.
- a plurality of back side gripping pieces 6b are provided at equal intervals on the lower feeder chain 5b. From this point as well, it can be said that the supercharging protrusions 15 are provided at regular intervals. The interval between the back-side gripping pieces 6b is equal to that of the front-side gripping piece 6a.
- the feeder chain 5a located on the upper side and the feeder chain 5b located on the lower side run synchronously, and on the running surface (feed action part) 50 where both face each other, the shafts of the front side gripping piece 6a and the back side gripping piece 6b
- the hearts always match.
- feeder guides 16 and 17 are provided in the feeder chains 5a and 5b, respectively, and the running trajectories of the feeder chains 5a and 5b swell outward in the center.
- the relative distance from the gripping piece 6b varies depending on the travel position of the feeder chains 5a and 5b.
- the feeder guides 16 and 17 both project the end portions of the feed action portions 50 of the feeder chains 5a and 5b to the outside, the front side gripping pieces 6a and the back side are provided at the end portions of the feed action portions 50 of the feeder chains 5a and 5b.
- the gripping piece 6b moves, the distance between the two becomes closest (FIG. 13C row).
- the front side gripping piece 6a and the back side gripping piece 6b are open as shown in the A row of FIG. 8 and the A row of FIG.
- a gap between the front side gripping piece 6a and the back side gripping piece 6b is greatly opened as shown in the row A of FIG. Specifically, the peak of the front side gripping piece 6a and the peak of the back side gripping piece 6b are separated from each other in the vertical direction as shown in row A of FIG. As the feed action unit 50 travels, the distance between the two becomes narrower as shown in row B of FIG. 13, and the peaks of the front gripping piece 6a and the peaks of the back gripping piece 6b bite.
- the front gripping piece 6a and the back gripping piece 6b press the surface of the film F.
- the front gripping piece 6a and the back gripping piece 6b have supercharging projections 15 at alternate positions.
- the front end of the supercharging projection 15 on the front gripping piece 6a side faces the surface of the film F downward in the drawing.
- the reaction force at the time of pressing is held by the supercharging protrusion 15 of the back side gripping piece 6b at the opposite position. Therefore, the film F is shaped into a corrugated shape only at the portion sandwiched between the wave-like gripping members 6 without moving up and down as a whole.
- both the front-side gripping piece 6a and the back-side gripping piece 6b are provided with the supercharging projections 15 at a certain interval, so that the front and back surfaces of the film F are spaced in the transport direction.
- the portion sandwiched between the wave-like gripping members 6 is slackened and shaped into a waveform.
- the film F is gradually sandwiched between the front side gripping piece 6a and the back side gripping piece 6b. .
- the front side gripping piece 6a and the back side gripping piece 6b reach the vicinity of the terminal portion of the feed operation unit 50, the front side gripping piece 6a and the back side gripping piece 6b are closest to each other.
- the front-side gripping piece 6a and the back-side gripping piece 6b reach the vicinity of the terminal end of the feed operating portion 50, the front-side gripping piece 6a and the back-side gripping piece 6b are engaged with each other as shown in the C and C rows of FIG. Although it becomes an attitude
- the peak of the front side gripping piece 6a does not contact the valley of the back side gripping piece 6b, and the valley of the front side gripping piece 6a is The back side gripping piece 6b does not come into contact with the mountain.
- the width W of the supercharging protrusion 15 is smaller than the interval w between the supercharging protrusions 15, the supercharging protrusion 15 of the front side gripping piece 6 a and the supercharging protrusion 15 of the back side gripping piece 6 b are nested, Will not touch.
- the tenter chain 3 and the feeder chain 5 circulate at the same peripheral speed.
- the clip 2 and the wave-like gripping members 6a and 6b both grip the film F. At the same time, they are arranged at equal intervals so as to be in the same position in the transport direction of the film F. Further, the same number of supercharging protrusions 15 of the wavy gripping members 6a and 6b are provided corresponding to the vertices of the corrugations of the lower tooth portion 11 and the upper tooth portion 12 of the clip 2, respectively.
- the film F is sandwiched between the wavy gripping members 6a and 6b of the film overfeed device 7 and the supercharging protrusions 15 are alternately pressed from above and below, so that the waveform with the supercharging protrusions 15 as apexes is formed. (See column B in FIGS. 8 and 13). That is, it sags.
- the film overfeed device 7 has a speed (for example, 1.2 times faster) than the conveying speed (for example, 15 m / sec) of the feeder chain 5. 18m / sec), the film F is drawn from the upstream side.
- the transport speed of the film overfeed device 7 is preferably faster than the transport speed of the feeder chain 5 as described above, and the appropriate speed range is 1.05 times or more and 1.50 times or less of the transport speed of the feeder chain 5. It is.
- the film F scrapes the supercharging protrusion 15, so the supercharging protrusion 15 is formed of a material that reduces the friction with the film F. It is desirable. Further, the supercharging protrusion 15 may be a roller that can rotate independently.
- the length of the film F sandwiched between the wave-like gripping members 6a and 6b completely matches the length of the occlusal shape of the lower tooth portion 11 and the upper tooth portion 12 of the clip 2. If the film F is supplied in excess of the grip shape of the clip 2, the clip 2 may form pleats on the film F.
- the length of the film F sandwiched between the wavy gripping members 6a and 6b is adjusted to be slightly shorter than the length of the gripping shape of the clip 2, and the clip (holding member) 2 is When the film F is gripped, the film F is further drawn from the upstream side. However, since the length that the clip 2 draws the film F is very small, an excessive force is not applied to the clip guide 14 or the film F is not damaged.
- the wave-shaped gripping members 6a and 6b are separated from each other as shown in the row D of FIG. 13 and the wave-shaped gripping members 6a and 6b open the film F.
- the film stretching machine 1 holds the film F with the clip (holding member) 2 and holds and conveys it. That is, the film stretching machine 1 starts the stretching in the transverse direction with a partial region of the film F previously slackened in the longitudinal direction.
- the film stretching machine 1 stretches the film F in the width direction by widening the interval between the tenter chains 3 in the heating furnace 4.
- each clip (holding member) 2 holds the film F by undulating the film F.
- the film F is stretched in the width direction (for example, 1 to 2 times) in the heating furnace 4, the film is stretched.
- the effective portion at the center of F can be freely contracted in the vertical direction (conveying direction), and no tensile stress is generated in the vertical direction.
- the orientation axis (direction of molecular chain) of the film F can be efficiently aligned in the width direction.
- stress acts in the longitudinal direction the vicinity of both side ends of the film F held by the clip 2 is cut off in a subsequent process.
- the film overfeed device 7 shown in FIG. 3 and subsequent figures has a clip 2 that holds the end of the film F, and the clip 2 has a corrugated surface on both the pressing portion 47 side and the film placement surface 45.
- the clip (holding member) 2 in which both the pressing portion 47 side and the film placement surface 45 are corrugated is illustrated.
- the clip 2 is not limited to the one in which the pressing portion 47 side and the film mounting surface 45 are corrugated. As shown in FIG. 2, only one of them is a corrugated shape, a tooth profile, etc. May be flat.
- FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the clip corresponding to FIG. 9, FIG. 15 is a side view and a plan view of the clip corresponding to FIG. 10, and FIG. 16 is a side view and a plane of the clip corresponding to FIG.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram corresponding to FIG. 13.
- the clip 55 includes both a convex portion and a concave portion only on one holding member piece. It can be said that the clip 55 is formed by providing convex portions on one holding member piece with a certain interval.
- the clip 2 is illustrated so as to close slowly in synchronization with the operation of the wavy gripping members 6a and 6b.
- the clip 2 is in a fully open state until it is bitten, and after the wave-like gripping member 6 is completely bitten, it is closed by a momentary movement and is shown as holding the film F.
- the clip 2 has a waveform on both sides, and only one side as shown in FIGS. 2, 14, 15, 16, and 17 is a waveform, and the other is a flat plate.
- the clip 55 When compared with a certain clip 55, there are the following advantages and disadvantages. That is, when both are corrugated like the former, since the film F is stretched while being held in a wide area, the tensile force applied to the film F becomes more uniform. On the other hand, when both are corrugated like the former, there exists a possibility that a wrinkle may generate
- the film F is shaped into a waveform by the film overfeed device 7. It is ideal that the shaped waveform completely coincides with the clip 2, but depending on the thickness and material of the film F, both shapes may slightly differ. For example, in rare cases, as shown in FIG. 18 (a), a part of the wave shape of the film F may collapse, and in such a state, when the film F is sandwiched between the clips 2 each having a waveform, As shown in FIG. 18B, a part of the wave is doubled and the film F is wrinkled.
- the wave-like gripping member 6 including the front-side gripping piece 6a and the back-side gripping piece 6b is adopted, and the film F is sandwiched between them by sandwiching the film F.
- the film F was shaped like a wave.
- a rack-like member and a gear-like member are provided using a member provided with an uneven shape having a structure similar to the rack 58 and the gear 59 as shown in FIG. You may employ
- the film overfeed device 7 has the wave-like gripping members (the front-side gripping pieces and the back-side gripping pieces) 6a and 6b, and the configuration in which the film F is sandwiched between the wave-like gripping members 6a and 6b is adopted.
- a block 61 having only one protrusion is provided, and the film F may press both surfaces with this block 61.
- both surfaces of the film F are pressed at intervals in the transport direction, and a partial region or the entire region of the film sag in the longitudinal direction.
- FIG. 22 shows a configuration in which the surface of the film F is pressed by the cylinder 62.
- dancer rolls 63 are arranged on the film F conveyance path, and the film F below the cylinder 62 has a degree of freedom in the conveyance direction with respect to the conveyance means (not shown). That is, the film F is given a certain tension by a roll (dancer roll 63) provided to be movable up and down.
- a roll dancer roll 63
- the dancer roll 63 has a degree of freedom in the up-and-down direction, when an external force is applied to the film F and pulled in the traveling direction, the dancer roll 63 rises as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 24 In the case where the film F is waved by sandwiching the film F with the clip (holding member) 2, a dancer roll 63 is arranged on the film F conveyance path as shown in FIG. 24 to give the film F a degree of freedom in the conveyance direction. It is desirable.
- a method of supplying the film F excessively can be considered. For example, as shown in FIG. 25, a plurality of feeding devices 75 are arranged, and the film F is fed in the direction of the arrow by the feeding device 75. And the feed speed of each roll is slowed down to the downstream. As a result, the film F gradually undulates as shown in FIG.
- the stretched film made by the above-described manufacturing method is a long film stretched in the transverse direction, for example, by laminating it on a long polarizing plate as shown in FIG.
- the phase difference plate 63 can be manufactured. That is, the stretched film F made by this manufacturing method is wound in a roll shape.
- a long polarizing plate is also wound in a roll shape.
- the polarizing plate is a film obtained by bonding a long TAC (triacetyl cellulose) film and a long PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) film stretched in the longitudinal direction. Then, from the roll 70 of the long film F stretched in the lateral direction and the roll 71 of the long polarizing plate 66, the films F and 66 are fed out as shown in FIG. It travels in parallel and is sandwiched between a pair of pressing rolls 72. In addition, when release paper is laminated on the stretched film F or the long polarizing plate, the release paper is peeled during this period, and an adhesive is applied to one of the films F and 66 as necessary.
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the retardation film with an optical compensation film in which the film F stretched in the lateral direction is laminated on the polarizing plate 66 can be continuously manufactured.
- the retardation compensation film manufactured by the measure of FIG. 26 has a small Nz coefficient in any part, specifically, the Nz coefficient is 1.4 or less in any part. 26, it is possible to make at least the Nz coefficient 1.2 or less in any part, and if the conditions are well adjusted, the Nz coefficient is 1.1 in any part. It can be as follows.
- Example 1 (Examples 1-1 to 1-3) Using the clip shown in FIG. 2, the stretching device shown in FIG. 3, and the film overfeed device shown in FIGS. 4 to 5, a polycarbonate film having a film width of 600 mm and a film thickness of 60 ⁇ m is conveyed at 150 degrees Celsius (° C.). Stretched in a direction transverse to the direction.
- the original film used in the experiment is “Elmec R-film unstretched product” (manufactured by Kaneka Corporation). The results are shown in Table 1.
- the amount of biting between the front side gripping piece 6a and the back side gripping piece 6b can be changed by changing the interval between the wave-like gripping members (front side gripping piece and back side gripping piece) 6a, 6b in FIG. Tried.
- the retardation value is also referred to as a retardation value, and is a difference in phase between two different directions in a light beam that has been polarized through an anisotropic crystal and is normalized by a measurement wavelength (550 nm). Expressed in units of height.
- Whether the film F was selectively stretched in the transverse direction was determined by measuring the Nz coefficient. That is, if the Nz coefficient is close to 1, the film F is selectively stretched in the transverse direction, and if the film F is stretched in the longitudinal direction as well as the transverse direction, the Nz coefficient is a value separated from 1. It becomes.
- a 50 mm square sample was cut out from the film.
- the breakdown is one at the center in the width direction and two at 200 mm from the center to the left and right. Since the film width is 600 mm, the above-mentioned “positions of 200 mm from the center to the left and right” are positions of 100 mm from both ends toward the center.
- the birefringence values nx, ny, nz and the in-plane retardation Re (nm) were measured using an automatic refractometer (product name: KOBRA-WR, manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments).
- the measurement wavelength is the same for all examples and comparative examples, and is 550 nm.
- the thickness of the material was an electronic micrometer manufactured by Anritsu Corporation. About a measurement apparatus and measurement conditions, it is the same also about a following example and a comparative example.
- the phase difference value (in-plane phase difference) in Table 1 is an average value of the measured values at the three locations described above. Further, the Nz coefficient in Table 1 is a measured value at one point at each position (center, left, right). The Nz coefficient was calculated by substituting the birefringence values nx, ny, and nz measured by the automatic refractometer (product name: KOBRA-WR, manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.) into the following equation.
- Comparative Example 1 is an example when the film overfeed device was not used. That is, as Example 2, the film overfeed device and the clip of the present invention were not used, and the polycarbonate film was stretched in the transverse direction without slackening.
- the raw film F used in Comparative Example 1 is the same as that in the above-described example, and is “Elmec R-film unstretched product” (manufactured by Kaneka Corporation).
- Example 1 Difference between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 From Table 1, when the clip of the present invention and the film overfeed device were used (Example 1), the Nz coefficient was 0.96 to 1.38. It can be seen that the film is stretched with selectivity in the transverse direction. On the other hand, when stretching without using the film overfeed device and the clip of the present invention (comparative example), the Nz coefficient is 1.51 to 1.60, and the film is stretched in the vertical direction as well as in the horizontal direction. I understand that
- Example 1 shows a larger retardation value.
- the phase difference is expressed by stretching in the horizontal direction, but in the comparative example, the phase difference expressed by stretching in the vertical direction is offset. Conceivable. From this, it can be seen that the embodiment is selectively stretched in the transverse direction. It can also be seen that the phase difference value and the Nz coefficient can be changed by changing the biting amount of the fitting member of the film overfeed device.
- Example 2 (Example 2-1 and Example 2-2) Using the clip shown in FIG. 2, the stretching device shown in FIG. 3, and the film overfeed device shown in FIGS. 4 to 5, a norbornene-based resin having a film width of 600 mm and a film thickness of 60 ⁇ m is formed at 140 ° C. The film was stretched in the transverse direction with respect to the conveying direction.
- the raw film F used in the experiment is “Zeonor Z F14” (manufactured by Optes Co., Ltd.). The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 2 when the clip and the film overfeed device of the present invention were used (Example 2), the Nz coefficient was 1.14 to 1.33, and the film was selectively stretched in the transverse direction. Recognize. On the other hand, when stretching was performed without using the film overfeed device and the clip of the present invention (Comparative Example 2), the Nz coefficient was 1.37 to 1.59, and the stretching was performed in the vertical direction as well as in the horizontal direction. You can see that. Furthermore, when the retardation value at the same draw ratio is compared in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, the Example shows a larger retardation value. This is because in the examples, the phase difference is expressed by stretching in the horizontal direction, but in the comparative example, the phase difference expressed by stretching in the vertical direction is offset. Conceivable. From this, it can be seen that the embodiment is selectively stretched in the transverse direction.
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Abstract
Description
また、液晶表示装置が世の中に広く普及していくためには、液晶表示装置に使用される部材の革新的低コスト化、即ち、構造・材料・作り方・供給等の革新や、標準化による生産性の向上が必要である。
しかし、液晶パネルを設計する際には、異なる延伸方向の位相差フィルムを組み合わせる必要があるため、横方向に一軸に延伸されたフィルムを製造する必要もある。
その第一の特徴点は、フィルムを波形にした(たるませた)状態で搬送方向に対して横方向に延伸するために、フラッパ方式のクリップの上下の保持部材の内の少なくとも一方を波形の形状とするものである。前記第一の特徴点においては、原則として波形形状のクリップでフィルムを挟むことによってフィルムを波打たせる様に賦形する。ここで「賦形」の意義であるが、フィルムを塑性変形させるのではなく、フィルムを平面状ではなく波うち状にするという意味である。
即ち、フラッパ方式のクリップの保持部材を波形にすると、フィルムをフラッパに把持する際に平坦なフィルムに当接した保持部材の上歯(突起)と下歯(突起)とを咬合させる過程で上流側からフィルムを引き込む必要がある。このとき、保持部材の上歯および下歯とフィルムとの間には大きな摩擦力が作用するため、相当に大きな力でフラッパを回動させなければ、クリップでフィルムを波型に把持することが出来ないという問題がある。
第二の特徴点では、主としてフィルムオーバーフィード装置によってフィルムを波形に賦形する。「賦形」の意義は前述した通りであり、フィルムを塑性変形させるのではなく、フィルムを平面状ではなく波うち状にするという意味である。
第二の特徴点を実施する際には、第一の特徴点と共に実施することが望ましいが、第二の特徴点だけを実施することもできる。即ちフィルムを波形に賦形しながらオーバーフィードできるフィルムオーバーフィード装置を使用する場合には、上下の保持部材の内の少なくとも一方が波形をしたクリップでフィルムを保持してフィルムを延伸することが推奨されるが、他の公知のクリップでフィルムを保持してフィルムを延伸することも可能である。
「たるむ」状態の形状を外観すると、例えば波打った状態が考えられる。「波打った状態」は山・谷の形状や周期が不規則である状態であってもよいが、品質を均一にする目的から、山・谷の形状や周期が規則的であることが望ましい。
「たるむ」状態の形の中で推奨されるものとして、サインカーブの様な山と谷とが規則的に存在する状態の他、脈動状態の様に、山だけが存在する状態や谷だけが存在する状態が挙げられる。また微細振動状であってもよい。
本発明は、フィルムを例えば波形に賦形した状態となる様にたるませて横方向に延伸するものであるが、フィルムをたるませる(波形に賦形する)方策は任意である。一つの方策として、保持部材片自体によってフィルムを波形に賦形することができる。即ち双方ともに凹凸形状をした一対の保持部材片を使用し、保持部材片の間で挟んでフィルムをたるませる。
本態様では、双方の保持部材片がそれぞれ凸形部と凹形部を有している。凹凸形状としては、特に限定は無く、山頂部や谷底部の形状が丸いものや、平坦なものが考えられる。凹凸形状の具体例としては、サインカーブの様な山と谷とが交互に出現するものがあるが、山又は谷だけが存在して外観状凹凸形状に見えるものも含まれる。また針状形状のものも凹凸形状に含む。
最も推奨される凹凸形状は、サインカーブの様な山と谷とを有する波形形状である。
前記した様に双方ともに凹凸形状をした一対の保持部材片を使用して保持部材片の間で挟んでフィルムを波打った状態にすることが推奨されるが、本発明はこの構成に限定されるものではない。即ち一方だけが凹凸形状をした保持部材片を使用し、保持部材片でフィルムを押さえることによってフィルムを波形に賦形することもできる。本態様では、一方の保持部材片が凸形部と凹形部を有している。
さらに一方の保持部材片が凸形部だけを有していたり、一方の保持部材片が凹形部だけを有しているものを使用してフィルムを波形に賦形することもできる。
さらにはフィルムを波形に賦形するための装置を別途用意し、この装置によってフィルムを波形に賦形してもよい。
即ち凹凸形状が設けられた部材は、凸部分が一定の間隔をあけて形成されているから、凹凸形状が設けられた部材同士の間でフィルムを挟むと、フィルムの両面が搬送方向に間隔をあけて押圧される。
また凸形状のみを有する部材でフィルムを押してもよい。
また「たるむ」状態の代表的な外観形状は、前記した様に波打った状態である。
かかる構成により、連続的に供給されるフィルムを予めたるませた状態で(好ましくは波形に賦形してから)、保持部材に挟み込むことが可能となり、波形に賦形されたフィルムを横方向への連続的に且つ円滑に延伸することが可能となる。かかる延伸を行なうことにより、横方向への延伸と同時に搬送方向へフィルムが延伸されることを防止し、横方向にのみ選択的に延伸されたフィルムを製造することができる。
ここで推奨されるフィルムオーバーフィード装置は、
フィルム延伸部と組み合わされてフィルム延伸機を構成するフィルムオーバーフィード装置において、
前記フィルム延伸部は搬送状態のフィルムの側端を保持してフィルムを幅方向に引っ張る構成を備え、フィルムオーバーフィード装置は、前記フィルム延伸部の上流側または前記フィルム延伸部と同等の位置に配置されるものであり、
表側把持片と裏側把持片を有する波状把持部材を有し、表側把持片と裏側把持片にはそれぞれ過給突起が有り、表側把持片の過給突起と裏側把持片の過給突起はフィルムの搬送方向に互い違いの位置にあって表側把持片と裏側把持片とが近接した状態においては過給突起同士が咬み合い姿勢となり、
前記表側把持片と裏側把持片はフィルムの表裏両側に対向して配置され、波状把持部材はフィルムの搬送方向に移動しながら表側把持片と裏側把持片の間で前記フィルムを挟み込んでフィルムをたるませることを特徴とするフィルムオーバーフィード装置である。
本発明で採用されるフィルムオーバーフィード装置は、平面的に送られてきたフィルムを一時的に波打たせ、この波打ち状態でフィルムをフィルム延伸部に供給することができる。
即ち本発明のフィルムオーバーフィード装置は、フィルム延伸部の上流側または前記フィルム延伸部と同等の位置に配置されるものであり、フィルム延伸部がフィルムを保持する以前か、或いはフィルム延伸部がフィルムを保持するのと同時に機能する。
以下、説明を簡単にするためにフィルム延伸部がフィルムを保持する以前にフィルムオーバーフィード装置が機能することとして説明する。
本発明のフィルムオーバーフィード装置は、表側把持片と裏側把持片を有する波状把持部材を有し、フィルム延伸部がフィルムを保持するのに先立って、フィルムを挟む。
そして本発明のフィルムオーバーフィード装置では、表側把持片と裏側把持片の双方に過給突起が有り、表側把持片の過給突起と裏側把持片の過給突起はフィルムの搬送方向に互い違いの位置にあって表側把持片と裏側把持片とが近接した状態においては過給突起同士が咬み合い姿勢となる。
そのため表側把持片と裏側把持片を有する波状把持部材でフィルムを挟むと、フィルムが波打つ。
そのため本発明のフィルムオーバーフィード装置によると、フィルムを予め波打たせて、フィルム延伸部に供給することができる。
またさらにもう一つの方法発明は、前述した延伸フィルムの製造方法で製造された横方向に延伸する長尺状の延伸フィルムと、長尺状の偏光板とを同一方向に搬送しつつ貼り合わせることを特徴とするフィルムの製造方法である。
長尺状の偏光板は、例えば長手方向に延伸されたPVAフィルム(ポリビニルアルコール polyvinyl alcohol) とTACフィルム(トリアセチルセルロース Triacetylcellulose)を貼り合わせたフィルムである。
フィルムは、通常、横方向に延伸した後、幅方向の両端を切除して出荷される。また必要に応じて幅方向に分割される。
前記した分割前におけるフィルムの幅には各種のものがあり、1330mm~1450mm程度のものもある。1330mm~1450mmの様な幅の広いフィルムでは、幅に応じてNz係数を測定する部位を変更するべきである。例えば幅方向の両端を切除した状態を基準として、端部から中心に向かって100mmの位置から採取した採取片のNz係数を測定する。具体的には、中心部から採取した採取片と、右端から100mmの位置から採取した採取片と、左端から100mmの位置から採取した採取片のNz係数を測定し、これらがいずれも1.4以下であることを特徴とするフィルムである。
本発明において、フィルムFを波型に賦形した状態で搬送方向に対して横方向に延伸するための保持部材2の好ましい態様としては、保持部材2の上歯と下歯が咬合する凹凸の形状をしたクリップがあげられる。かかる構造のクリップを用いれば、フィルムFを波型に賦形することが可能であり、且つその状態を維持しつつ、フィルムFを搬送方向に対して横方向に延伸することが可能となる。フィルムFを咬合する凹凸の形状の周期や大きさは、フィルムFの物性や延伸倍率に従って任意に選択される。
フィルムFを波型に賦形した状態で搬送方向に対して横方向に延伸するための保持部材の別の好ましい態様としては、図2に示すように保持部材55の様に保持部材片56,57の片方が凹凸形状を有しており他方が平面状である構造のクリップがあげられる。かかる構造のクリップは、フィルムFを任意の高さや周期の波形に賦形して延伸することが可能となり好ましい。更に、前述のフィルムオーバーフィード装置等のフィルムFを連続的に波形に賦形する装置を用いる場合には、賦形されたフィルムFの波形の周期や高さが一定でなくても、フィルムF端部を確実に挟み込むことが可能であり、最も好ましい実施形態となる。
図5にフィルムオーバーフィード装置7を側面から見た図を示す。このフィルムオーバーフィード装置7では、フィルムFの表裏両面に対向して配置され、前記フィルムFの搬送方向に移動しながら前記フィルムFを挟み込む波状把持部材(表側把持片と裏側把持片)6a,6bを有し、前記波状把持部材6は、前記フィルムFの搬送方向に配列され、互いに突出する過給突起15を備えるものである。
なお過給突起15は、フィルムFの面を搬送方向に間隔をあけて押圧することによってフィルムの全域をあらかじめ長手方向にたるませるものである。
また、本発明に用いるフィルムオーバーフィード装置7においては、前記波状把持部材(表側把持片と裏側把持片)6a、6bは、前記フィルムFの搬送面に直行する平面内を周回する環状の無端部材に等間隔に複数保持されていても良い。
波状把持部材6の互いに吐出する過給突起15の凹凸の高さ、幅、形状、周期、上下の過給突起15が近づく早さ等は、フィルムFを収縮させるために必要な長さ、フィルムFの破損を避けるための最小曲げ半径等から自由に選択することが可能である。
クリップ2は、フィルムオーバーフィード装置7が波状把持部材6a、6bを接近させてフィルムFを挟み込んでいる間に、フィルムFの両側端を保持部材2で把持するようになっている。
テンター炉の温度、フィルムFの延伸倍率、延伸ステップ等の条件は任意であり、フィルムFの物性に合わせて最適値を選択することができる。
フィルムFの種類は、任意のものを使用することができる。熱可塑性の樹脂は、加熱することで容易に延伸することができることから好ましい。具体的には、セルロース系樹脂、塩化ビニル系樹脂、ポリカーボネート系樹脂、アクリロニトリル系樹脂、スチレン系樹脂、オレフィン系樹脂、ポリサルフォン系樹脂、シクロオレフィン系樹脂、ノルボルネン系樹脂などが、光学位相差フィルムとして有効であり、好ましい。
図3,7に、本発明の1つの実施形態のフィルム延伸機1を示す。
本実施形態のフィルム延伸機1は、フィルム延伸部20と、加熱炉4と、フィルムオーバーフィード装置7によって構成されている。
またフィルム延伸部20は、二系統のテンタチェイン3a,3bを有し、当該テンタチェイン3a,3bにフィルムFの両側端を把持するクリップ2が等間隔で設けられている。
テンタチェイン3a,3bは、いずれも駆動側スプロケット21a,21bと従動側スプロケット22a,22bに懸架されている。
テンタチェイン3a,3bを懸架する4個のスプロケット21a,21b,22a,22bは、図3,7の様にいずれも同一平面に配置されている。図3,7を基準に説明すると、テンタチェイン3a,3bを懸架する4個のスプロケット21a,21b,22a,22bは、いずも紙面に対して垂直方向に回転軸があり、4個のスプロケット21a,21b,22a,22bはいずれも紙面に対して平行な平面に配置されている。
そしてテンタチェイン3a,3bの走行面(延伸作用部27)は、導入側直線部23と末端側直線部25が、対向するテンタチェイン3a,3bの導入側直線部23及び末端側直線部25と平行である。また対向するテンタチェイン3a,3bの傾斜部24によってテーパー部が形成されている。
クリップ2の形状については後記する。
フィルムオーバーフィード装置7は、2対(4系統)のフィーダチェイン5a,5b,5c,5dによって構成されている。
フィーダチェイン5a,5b,5c,5dは、図7の様にフィーダチェイン5a,5bが一組となっており、フィーダチェイン5c,5dがもう一つの組を形成している。
一組のフィーダチェイン5a,5bを懸架する4個のスプロケット30,31,32,33は、図3,7の様にいずれも同一平面に配置されている。ただし4個のスプロケット30,31,32,33が構成する平面は、前記したテンタチェイン3a,3bを懸架する4個のスプロケット21a,21b,22a,22bが構成する平面に対して直行する平面である。
また一方の対に含まれるスプロケット30,31,32,33と、他方の対に含まれるスプロケット30’,31’,32’,33’は、対応するスプロケット同士が共通の軸36,37,38,39で連通されている。従って各スプロケット30,31,32,33は同期的に回転し、フィーダチェイン5c,5dについても同期的に走行する。
上側のフィーダチェイン5a,5cに取り付けられた表側把持片6aと、下側のフィーダチェイン5b,5dに取り付けられた裏側把持片6bは、一対となって波状把持部材6を構成する。表側把持片6aと、裏側把持片6bの形状については後記する。
ただしフィルムオーバーフィード装置7のフィーダチェイン5a,5b,5c,5dの長さ(スプロケットの軸間距離)は、フィルム延伸部20のテンタチェイン3a,bよりも短い。
そのためフィルムオーバーフィード装置7のフィーダチェイン5a,5b,5c,5dの始端部は、フィルム延伸部20のテンタチェイン3a,bの始端部はよりも僅かに上流側にあり、フィーダチェイン5a,5b,5c,5dの終端部は、導入側直線部23の終端部にある。
図1、図2は、クリップの側面図である。図4は、クリップと波状把持部材との正面図である。
また図8は、フィルムFを保持している状態におけるフィルム延伸機1の断面斜視図である。図9は、クリップ2の斜視図である。図10は、フィルムFを保持する直前におけるクリップの側面図及び正面図であり、図11は、フィルムFを保持した状態におけるクリップの側面図及び正面図である。
クリップ2は、図4、9、10,11の様に、フィルムF側に開放した概略コの字型をなすフレーム9を有し、当該フレーム9にフラッパ10が取り付けられたものである。
即ちフレーム9は、上辺40と垂直辺41及び下辺42を有するコの字形状である。そしてフレーム9の下辺42の上面(内面)は、フィルム載置面45として機能するものであり、本実施形態では、波形(下歯部11)をしている。即ち保持部材片たるフィルム載置面45は、波形をしていて凸形部と凹形部の双方を備えている。またフィルム載置面45は、凸形部が一定の間隔をあけて設けられたものであるともいえる。
ここで本実施形態のフラッパ10では、押圧部47の下面が波形(上歯部12)をしている。即ち保持部材片たる押圧部47についても波形をしていて凸形部と凹形部の双方を備えている。また押圧部47についても、凸形部が一定の間隔をあけて設けられたものであるともいえる。
そして棹部46が垂下姿勢となったとき、押圧部47の下面の波形形状(上歯部12)と、フィルム載置面45の波形形状(下歯部11)が合致する。
そのため、棹部46の上端を横方向に押圧することによってフラッパ10を揺動させることができ、前記した様にフラッパ10の押圧部47をフィルム載置面45に近接・離反させることができる。
なお本実施形態では、テンタチェイン3a,3bの近傍に長尺状のクリップガイド14を設け、クリップガイド14に棹部の上端を接触させている。そしてクリップガイド14とフレーム9の位置関係が場所ごとに変わる様に設計されており、クリップガイド14で棹部46の上端を押圧してフラッパ10を揺動させている。
前記した様に4個のフィーダチェイン5a,5b,5c,5dは、2対に分かれて配置されており、それぞれ一対のフィーダチェイン(5a,5b)(5c,5d)は、上下に並べて配置されている。図5は、その内の一対のフィーダチェイン5a,5bを図示したものである。また図6は、図5の一部を拡大したものであり、表側把持片6aと裏側把持片6bによって構成される波状把持部材6を図示している。
本実施形態では、図5の様にフィーダチェイン5a,5b(又は5c,5d)の対向する走行面がフィード作用部50として機能する。
そして本実施形態では、上側に位置するフィーダチェイン5aで囲まれる領域であって、フィード作用部50側の走行路に、フィーダガイド16が設けられている。フィーダガイド16は、フィード作用部50側の走行路の略全域に渡る長さを持つ。そしてフィーダガイド16は、走行路の中間部分を外側(図を基準にすると下側)に張り出す形状となっている。より具体的には、フィーダガイド16はガイド面が緩やかに傾斜しており、走行路の終端近傍が外側に張り出している。
フィーダチェイン5aに設けられた表側把持片6aは、図12の様に下面に過給突起15が3個形成されている。
過給突起15は、フィルムF側に向かって突出するものであり、リブ状であって、峰に長さを持つ。即ち一つの過給突起15は、表側把持片6aの全幅に渡って延びる。過給突起15の峰の方向は、フィルムFの幅方向に沿っている。
過給突起15が存在しない部位、即ち過給突起15の谷の部位は、平坦である。過給突起15の幅Wは、過給突起15同士の間隔wよりも小さい。
表側把持片6aは、過給突起15が、一定の間隔をあけて設けられたものであると言える。なお本実施形態では、推奨される構成として過給突起15の間隔を一定としたが、過給突起15の間隔は不規則であってもよい。後記する裏側把持片6bについても同様である。
なお表側把持片6aの下面をサインカーブの様な波打ち面としてもよい。
本実施形態では、上部側のフィーダチェイン5aに表側把持片6aが複数等間隔に設けられている。この点からも過給突起15が、一定の間隔をあけて設けられたものであると言える。
表側把持片6a同士の間隔は、前記したクリップ2の間隔と等しい。
裏側把持片6bについても、過給突起15が、一定の間隔をあけて設けられたものであると言える。
下側の裏側把持片6bに設けられた過給突起15の形状及び間隔は、先に説明した表側把持片6aと同一である。しかしながら、先に説明した表側把持片6aでは、過給突起15を3個有していたのに対し、下側の裏側把持片6bでは、過給突起15を4個有している。
本実施形態では、下側のフィーダチェイン5bに裏側把持片6bが複数等間隔に設けられている。
この点からも過給突起15が、一定の間隔をあけて設けられたものであると言える。
裏側把持片6b同士の間隔は、前記した表側把持片6aのそれと等しい。
ただし前記した様にフィーダチェイン5a,5bには、それぞれフィーダガイド16,17が設けられており、フィーダチェイン5a,5bの走行軌跡は、中央が外側に膨らんでいるから、表側把持片6aと裏側把持片6bとの相対距離は、フィーダチェイン5a,5bの走行位置によって変化する。
即ちフィーダガイド16,17は、いずれもフィーダチェイン5a,5bのフィード作用部50の終端部を外側に張り出すから、フィーダチェイン5a,5bのフィード作用部50の終端部に表側把持片6aと裏側把持片6bとが移動した時に両者の距離が最も近づく(図13 C列)。
これに対してフィード作用部50の始端部においては、図8のA列、図13のA列の様に表側把持片6aと裏側把持片6bとの間が開いている。
具体的には、表側把持片6aの峰と裏側把持片6bの峰とは図13のA列の様に上下方向に離れている。そしてフィード作用部50を走行するに連れて両者の間隔が図13のB列の様に狭まり、表側把持片6aの峰と裏側把持片6bの峰とが咬みあう。
そのためフィルムFは、全体的に上下することなく、波状把持部材6で挟まれた部位だけが波形に賦形される。
前記した様に表側把持片6a及び裏側把持片6bは、共に過給突起15が、一定の間隔をあけて設けられたものであると言えるから、フィルムFの表裏面が搬送方向に間隔をあけて押圧されたと考えることもでき、その結果、波状把持部材6で挟まれた部位だけがたるんで波形に賦形される。
表側把持片6aと裏側把持片6bとが、フィード作用部50の終端部近傍に至ると、図8のC列、図13C列に示すように表側把持片6aと裏側把持片6bとが咬み合い姿勢となるが、表側把持片6aと裏側把持片6bとは接触しない。
より具体的に説明すると、表側把持片6aと裏側把持片6bとが最も近接しても、表側把持片6aの峰は、裏側把持片6bの谷と接触せず、表側把持片6aの谷は、裏側把持片6bの山と接触しない。
フィルムオーバーフィード装置7の搬送速度は、前記した様にフィーダチェイン5の搬送速度よりも速いことが望ましく、適正な速度範囲は、フィーダチェイン5の搬送速度の1.05倍以上1.50倍以下である。
フィルム延伸機1は、加熱炉4内でテンタチェイン3の間隔を広げることで、フィルムFを幅方向に延伸する。
しかしながらクリップ2は、押圧部47側とフィルム載置面45の双方が波形のものに限定されるのではなく、前記した図2の様に、いずれか一方だけが波形や歯形等であり、他方が平板状であってもよい。
クリップ55は、一方の保持部材片だけに凸形部と凹形部の双方を備えている。クリップ55は、一方の保持部材片に凸形部が一定の間隔をあけて設けられたものであるともいえる。
即ち前者の様に双方が波形である場合は、フィルムFを広い面積で保持して延伸するので、フィルムFに掛かる引っ張り力がより均一となる。
一方、前者の様に双方が波形である場合は、クリップ2でフィルムFを保持する前に、フィルムFの波形が崩れた場合に、フィルムFに皺が発生する懸念がある。
即ち先の実施形態では、クリップ2でフィルムFを保持する前に、フィルムオーバーフィード装置7でフィルムFを波形に賦形する。賦形された波形は、クリップ2と完全に一致することが理想であるが、フィルムFの厚さや材質によって両者の形状が僅かに異なってしまう場合がある。例えばごくまれに、図18(a)の様に、フィルムFの波形状の一部が崩れる場合があり、この様な状態で、双方に波形が設けられたクリップ2でフィルムFを挟むと、図18(b)の様に波の一部が二重に挟まれ、フィルムFに皺が生じてしまう。
図20,21の態様によっても、フィルムFは双方の面が搬送方向に間隔をあけて押圧され、フィルムの一部領域又は全域が長手方向にたるむ。
図22に示す構成では、フィルムFの搬送経路にダンサーロール63が配され、シリンダー62の下部のフィルムFは、搬送手段(図示せず)に対して搬送方向に自由度がある。即ちフィルムFは、昇降自在に設けられたロール(ダンサーロール63)によって一定の張力が付与されている。ただしダンサーロール63は、昇降方向に自由度があるから、フィルムFに外力を掛けて進行方向に引くと、図23(b)の様にダンサーロール63が上昇し、フィルムFを下流側に繰り出す。
本実施形態では、図23(b)の様に、シリンダー62によってフィルムFの表面を押圧すると、ダンサーロール63が上昇してフィルムFが繰り出され、フィルムFがたるむ。シリンダー62は、一定の時間間隔で昇降し、フィルムFは表面側が搬送方向に間隔をあけて押圧され、フィルムの一部領域又は全域が長手方向にたるむ。
クリップ(保持部材)2でフィルムFを挟むことによって波打たせる場合には、図24に示すようにフィルムFの搬送経路にダンサーロール63を配し、フィルムFに搬送方向に自由度を付与させることが望ましい。
即ち本製造方法によって作られた延伸フィルムFは、ロール状に巻かれている。
そして横方向に延伸された長尺状のフィルムFのロール70と、長尺状の偏光板66のロール71から、図26の様にそれぞれフィルムF、66と繰出し、当該フィルムF、66を上下平行に走行させて一対の押圧ロール72の間で挟む。また延伸フィルムFや長尺状の偏光板に、離型紙が積層されている場合は、この間に、離型紙を剥離すると共に、必要に応じてフィルムF、66の一方に接着剤を塗布しておく。
本方策によると、偏光板66に横方向に延伸されたフィルムFが積層された光学補償フィルム付き位相差板を連続的に製造することができる。
また図26の方策によって製造された位相差補償フィルムは、いずれの部位においてもNz係数が小さく、具体的には、いずれの部位においてもNz係数が1.4以下である。図26の方策によって製造すれば、いずれの部位においても少なくともNz係数が1.2以下にすることが可能であり、また諸条件を良く調整すれば、いずれの部位においてもNz係数が1.1以下とすることができる。
(1)実施例1(実施例1-1から実施例1-3)
図2に示したクリップと図3に示した延伸装置および図4~5に示したフィルムオーバーフィード装置を使用して、フィルム幅600mm、フィルム厚み60μmのポリカーボネートフィルムを摂氏150度(℃)で搬送方向に対して横方向に延伸した。実験に使用した原反フィルムは、「エルメック R-フィルム無延伸品」(株式会社カネカ製)である。
その結果を表1に示す。本実施例では、図5中の波状把持部材(表側把持片と裏側把持片)6a,6bの間隔を変化させることにより、表側把持片6aと裏側把持片6bの咬み込み量を変化させることも試みた。表側把持片6aと裏側把持片6bの咬み込み量については表1に大小のみを記載する。
そして自動屈折計(製品名KOBRA-WR 王子計測機器株式会社製)を用いて複屈折値nx,ny,nzおよび面内位相差Re(nm)を測定した。なお測定波長はいずれの実施例及び比較例についても同一であり、550nmである。また資料の厚さは、アンリツ株式会社製の電子マイクロメータを利用した。
測定機器及び測定条件については、以下の実施例及び比較例についても同一である。
Nz係数は前記した自動屈折計(製品名KOBRA-WR 王子計測機器株式会社製)で測定された複屈折値nx,ny,nzを次の式に代入することによって算出した。
比較例1は、フィルムオーバーフィード装置を使用しなかった場合の例である。即ち実施例2として、フィルムオーバーフィード装置と本発明のクリップを使用せず、ポリカーボネートフィルムを弛ませずに搬送方向に対して横方向に延伸した。
なお比較例1で使用した原反フィルムFは、前記した実施例と同一であり、「エルメック R-フィルム無延伸品」(株式会社カネカ製)である。
表1より、本発明のクリップとフィルムオーバーフィード装置を用いた場合(実施例1)には、Nz係数は0.96~1.38であり、横方向に選択性をもって延伸されていることがわかる。
一方、フィルムオーバーフィード装置と本発明のクリップを使用せずに、延伸をした場合(比較例)には、Nz係数が1.51~1.60であり、横方向と共に縦方向にも延伸されていることが分かる。
また、フィルムオーバーフィード装置の嵌合部材の咬込量を変化させることにより、位相差値やNz係数を変化させることが可能であることがわかる。
(1)実施例2(実施例2-1,実施例2-2)
図2に示したクリップと図3に示した延伸装置および図4~5に示したフィルムオーバーフィード装置を使用して、フィルム幅600mm、フィルム厚み60μmのノルボルネン系樹脂を摂氏140度(℃)で、搬送方向に対して横方向に延伸した。実験に使用した原反フィルムFは、「ゼオノアZ F14」(株式会社オプテス製)である。
その結果を表2に示す。
(2)比較例2(比較例2-1,比較例2-2)
比較例として、フィルムオーバーフィード装置を使用せず、フィルムFを弛ませずに搬送方向に対して横方向に延伸した結果も併記する。
更に、実施例2と比較例2とで同じ延伸倍率での位相差値を比較すると、実施例の方が大きな位相差値を示している。このことは、実施例では、横方向に延伸されることで位相差が発現しているが、比較例では縦方向にも延伸されることにより発現した位相差が相殺されていることが原因と考えられる。このことからも、実施例では選択的に横方向に延伸されていることが分かる。
Claims (28)
- フィルムの両端を保持部材で挟みながら搬送し、搬送と共に両端の保持部材同士の間隔を広げてフィルムを搬送方向に対して横方向に延伸する延伸フィルムの製造方法において、保持部材は一対の保持部材片を有し、保持部材片同士の間でフィルムの端部を挟むものであり、前記一対の保持部材片の少なくとも一方に凸形部又は凹形部の少なくともいずれかを有しており、前記保持部材によってフィルムの一部領域又は全域をたるませるか、あるいは前記保持部材でフィルムの両端を挟む以前に、あるいは前記保持部材でフィルムの両端を挟む際に、フィルムの一部領域又は全域をたるませ、たるんだ状態のままでフィルムを横方向に延伸することを特徴とする延伸フィルムの製造方法。
- フィルムの両端を保持部材で挟みながら搬送し、搬送と共に両端の保持部材同士の間隔を広げてフィルムを搬送方向に対して横方向に延伸する延伸フィルムの製造方法において、前記保持部材でフィルムの両端を挟む以前に、あるいは前記保持部材でフィルムの両端を挟む際に、フィルムの少なくとも一方の面を搬送方向に間隔をあけて押圧することによってフィルムの一部領域又は全域をたるませ、たるんだ状態のままでフィルムを横方向に延伸することを特徴とする延伸フィルムの製造方法。
- 凹凸形状が設けられた部材同士の間でフィルムを挟んでフィルムの一部領域又は全域をたるませることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の延伸フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記凹凸形状が設けられた部材は、フィルムに向かって互い違いに突出する過給突起を備えた波状把持部材であり、前記波状把持部材は、咬合時に、前記フィルムの厚みより大きな隙間を形成するものであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の延伸フィルムの製造方法。
- 連続的に供給されるフィルムを両端を保持しながら搬送し、フィルムを搬送しつつ搬送方向に対してフィルムを幅方向に延伸する延伸フィルムの製造方法において、凹凸形状が設けられた部材によってフィルムの両端をたるませる工程と、たるんだ状態のフィルムの両端を搬送装置に保持する保持工程と、前記搬送装置によってフィルムを搬送させながら搬送方向に対して横方向に拡幅することによりフィルムを横方向に延伸する延伸工程を含むことを特徴とする延伸フィルムの製造方法。
- たるませる工程が、凹凸形状が設けられた部材をフィルムに徐々に押しつける工程であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の延伸フィルムの製造方法。
- たるませる工程が、凹凸形状が設けられた部材同士の間でフィルムを徐々に挟む工程であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の延伸フィルムの製造方法。
- 凹凸形状が設けられた部材同士の距離を変化させることにより、たるませる工程において賦形されるフィルムの波の形状を変化させることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の延伸フィルムの製造方法。
- 保持工程が、近接・離反する部材を有する保持部材で挟み込む工程であることを特徴とする請求項5~8のいずれかに記載の延伸フィルムの製造方法。
- 保持部材は一対の保持部材片を有し、保持部材片同士の間でフィルムの端部を挟むものであり、前記一対の保持部材片がいずれも凹凸形状をしていることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の延伸フィルムの製造方法。
- 保持部材は一対の保持部材片を有し、保持部材片同士の間でフィルムの端部を挟むものであり、前記一対の保持部材片の一方が凹凸形状であり、他方が平面形状であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の延伸フィルムの製造方法。
- たるませる工程はフィルムオーバーフィード装置を使用して行われ、前記フィルムオーバーフィード装置は、表側把持片と裏側把持片を有する波状把持部材を有し、表側把持片と裏側把持片にはそれぞれ過給突起が有り、表側把持片の過給突起と裏側把持片の過給突起はフィルムの搬送方向に互い違いの位置にあって表側把持片と裏側把持片とが近接した状態においては過給突起同士が咬み合い姿勢となり、前記表側把持片と裏側把持片はフィルムの表裏両側に対向して配置され、波状把持部材はフィルムの搬送方向に移動しながら表側把持片と裏側把持片の間で前記フィルムを挟み込んでフィルムをたるませるものであることを特徴とする請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の延伸フィルムの製造方法。
- たるませる工程はフィルムオーバーフィード装置を使用して行われ、前記フィルムオーバーフィード装置は、
フィルムの表裏両側に対向して配置され、前記フィルムの搬送方向に移動しながら前記フィルムを挟み込む波状把持部材を有し、
前記波状把持部材は、前記フィルムの搬送方向に配列され、前記フィルムの幅方向に延伸するように前記フィルムに向かって互い違いに突出する過給突起を備えることを特徴とするフィルムオーバーフィード装置であることを特徴とする請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の延伸フィルムの製造方法。 - フィルムが熱可塑性樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項1~13のいずれかに記載の延伸フィルムの製造方法。
- 長尺状のフィルムを長手方向に搬送しつつ搬送方向に対して横方向に延伸する延伸フィルムの製造方法において、フィルムの一部領域又は全域をあらかじめ長手方向にたるませた状態で横方向の延伸を開始することを特徴とする延伸フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記フィルムの少なくとも一方の面を搬送方向に間隔をあけて押圧することによってフィルムの一部領域又は全域をあらかじめ長手方向にたるませることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の延伸フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記フィルムの一方の面と他方の面とを互い違いに押圧することによってフィルムの一部領域又は全域をあらかじめ長手方向にたるませることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の延伸フィルムの製造方法。
- 凹凸形状が設けられた部材同士の間でフィルムを挟むことによってフィルムを押圧し、フィルムの一部領域又は全域をあらかじめ長手方向にたるませることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の延伸フィルムの製造方法。
- フィルムの幅方向の中央部分を押圧することによってフィルムの一部領域又は全域をあらかじめ長手方向にたるませることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の延伸フィルムの製造方法。
- 長尺状のフィルムを搬送手段で搬送し、当該フィルムを当該フィルムに搬送手段に対して搬送方向の自由度を付与した状態にしておいてフィルムの一部領域又は全域を波打ち状態となる様にたるませることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の延伸フィルムの製造方法。
- フィルムの一部領域又は全域をあらかじめ長手方向にたるませた状態でフィルムの両端を保持し、長手方向に搬送しつつ搬送方向に対して横方向に延伸することを特徴とする請求項15乃至20のいずれかに記載の延伸フィルムの製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至21のいずれかに記載された延伸フィルムの製造方法で製造された横方向に延伸する長尺状の延伸フィルムと、長手方向に延伸した長尺状の縦延伸フィルムとを同一方向に搬送しつつ貼り合わせることを特徴とするフィルムの製造方法
- 請求項1乃至21のいずれかに記載された延伸フィルムの製造方法で製造された延伸フィルムと、偏光板とを貼り合わせることを特徴とするフィルムの製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至21のいずれかに記載された延伸フィルムの製造方法で製造された横方向に延伸する長尺状の延伸フィルムと、長尺状の偏光板とを同一方向に搬送しつつ貼り合わせることを特徴とするフィルムの製造方法。
- 長尺状の偏光板が、長手方向に延伸されたPVAフィルムとTACフィルムを貼り合わせたフィルムである請求項22および23に記載のフィルムの製造方法。
- フィルムの一部領域又は全域をあらかじめ長手方向にたるませた状態で、長尺状のフィルムを長手方向に搬送しつつ横方向に延伸して製造された幅が600mm以上の長尺状延伸フィルムであって、中心線上の部位と、両端からそれぞれ100mmの位置から採取した3片の採取片のNz係数がいずれも1.4以下であることを特徴とするフィルム。
- 幅が600mm以上の長尺状延伸フィルムであって、中心線上の部位と、両端からそれぞれ100mmの位置から採取した3片の採取片のNz係数がいずれも1.4以下であることを特徴とするフィルム。
- 少なくとも2層の延伸フィルムが積層された幅が600mm以上の継ぎ目の無い長尺フィルムであって、前記2層の延伸フィルムの延伸方向が交差し、且つ前記2層の延伸フィルムは、いずれの部位においてもNz係数が1.4以下であることを特徴とするフィルム。
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