WO2009053866A2

WO2009053866A2 - Wood panel

Info

Publication number: WO2009053866A2
Application number: PCT/IB2008/053784
Authority: WO
Inventors: Christian Chabrier; Didier Goy
Original assignee: Wood-Winner
Priority date: 2007-10-23
Filing date: 2008-09-17
Publication date: 2009-04-30
Also published as: EP2220305B1; FR2922566A1; WO2009053866A3; FR2922565A1; EP2220305B8; FR2922565B1; FR2922566B1; EP2220305A2; ATE515604T1

Abstract

Panel (1) of wooden battens comprising layers of wood battens in alternating orientations (X, Y). The wood battens of each layer are separated by a centre-to-centre distance (E). Layers of wood battens (C1, C3, C5) are oriented in a first orientation (X). Layers of wood battens (C2, C4, C6) are oriented in a second orientation (Y) perpendicular to the first orientation (X). The layers of wood battens (C2, C4, C6) are interleaved between the layers of wood battens (C1, C3, C5). In two consecutive layers having the same orientation, the battens are staggered by a distance (D).

Description

PANEL OF WOOD

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to panels based on an assembly of pieces of wood to make the walls of a building, namely the vertical walls such as walls, horizontal walls such as slabs and floors, inclined planes such as roof elements, insulating panels.

A first known type of wood panel for buildings is made with a layer of joined pieces of wood which are positioned parallel and in the same plane, in the same orientation. The longitudinal edges of two consecutive pieces of wood are in contact with one another.

The pieces of wood used generally have a rectangular or square cross section.

The orientation of the pieces of wood is usually vertical but can be horizontal or angled.

Since this first type of wall consists of a single layer of pieces of wood, obtaining a sufficient mechanical strength, for example to achieve a building of several floors, two or three, requires the use of rooms of wood having a sufficient cross section. The amount of material required is therefore important, and the production of wood pieces of sufficient section leads to high cost and significant material losses.

Because this type of panel comprises only a layer of pieces of wood, these panels do not have sufficient sound insulation and thermal insulation properties. In particular, each piece of wood can vibrate and transmit sounds. And each piece of wood constitutes a thermal bridge in which the heat propagation path has a length equal to the thickness of the panel.

It is easy to understand the importance of sound insulation and thermal insulation of a building, necessary to ensure the desired comfort. In order to reduce production costs, in particular to avoid the use of large-section pieces of wood, boards made of wood strips assembled in several layers of adjoining and interlocking wooden boards have been produced. In the batches of wooden boards used, the wooden boards are also of rectangular cross section, their sections having different values, with generally the same thickness but with varying widths.

Generally, this second type of panel consists of 5 to 7 layers of wooden boards. Such an assembly makes it possible to cumulate the properties of the layers of wood blades. Thus, the wood strips do not need to have a cross section too large to ensure the mechanical strength of the building. However the amount of material necessary for the realization of such panels is still important, equal to the volume of the panel.

The thermal and sound insulation properties are not significantly improved.

This second type of panel can be made with standard dimensions. These panels must be assembled with each other to form walls of buildings. In addition, some panels must be cut to fit the desired dimensions and contours of walls. The falls that result from these cuts constitute significant losses of material.

These first type and second type of panels also have the disadvantage of creating significant material falls during cutting to make openings such as windows and doors.

In order to reduce the quantity of material used and the weight of the panels, it has been proposed to produce boards of wood boards assembled in several layers of non-joined and interlocking wooden boards at 90 °, as described for example in document FR 2 240,089 (Figure 2). On either side of an intermediate layer in which the non-contiguous wood strips are oriented in a first direction, the non-adjoining wood strips of the adjacent layers are oriented in the second perpendicular direction and are in correspondence of a layer adjacent to the other, without lateral shift. The sound and heat insulation provided by the wooden boards themselves is mediocre, and the document proposes for that to fill the interstices with an insulating material.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The problem proposed by the present invention is to provide a wood panel which has excellent structural mechanical properties, which is lighter, more economical, and which has better intrinsic sound and thermal insulation properties.

The invention also proposes a method for producing such a panel.

In the description which follows, and in the claims, the term "panel" will be used to designate an assembly of several successive layers of wood that can form in itself a plate-like construction element or that can be combined. to other complementary layers to form a more complex building element. In order to achieve these and other objects, the invention provides a wood slat panel comprising a plurality of superposed layers of non-joined wood slats, wherein:

- the wooden boards have cross sections of the same dimensions, - wooden boards of a layer of wooden boards are positioned, parallel and in the same plane, in the same orientation, with a spacing between the longitudinal axes of two consecutive wood blades, the center distance being substantially equal to twice the average width of the wood slats and thus defining an interval between the consecutive wood slats of the layer, - layers of non-joined wood slats are superimposed so as to have two perpendicular orientations and in such a way as to intersect the wood slats with a layer of non-joined wood planks with respect to the wood slats of adjacent layers with non-joined wood slats, in which: - the non-joined wood slats 'a layer are shifted transversely, relative to the wooden blades of the consecutive layers with the same orientation, a distance substantially equal to the average width wooden boards,

the layers of wood slats are held together by mechanical fastening means, to form a panel with alternating folds of layers of wood slats with baffle interstices.

The wooden boards used in this panel have cross sections of the same shape. All the wooden boards used are identical. This facilitates their manipulation by automata. Tooling does not require adaptation according to the different wood blades. This panel consists of non-joined wood strips with a spacing between the longitudinal axes of two consecutive wooden blades substantially equal to twice the average width of the wooden strips. Thus, the intervals between the wood slats have the same volume as the wood slats, and this panel consumes about half as much wood as the panels of known types, for a number of layers of wood blades equivalent Despite the reduction of quantity of wood, the structure thus defined has satisfactory mechanical strength properties, allowing its use for the construction of buildings, the assembled panels constituting the load-bearing structure of the building. Such a panel with wood blades is therefore more ecological because less consumer of wood. The wood gain is 50% compared to a solid panel of the same thickness. In addition, manipulating such a panel is easier because it is about half as heavy as a solid panel.

The chosen positioning of the wooden boards in layers, the interlacing of the successive layers of wood slats, the particular spacing between the wood slats of the same layer, and the chosen offset of the wood slats from one layer to another the wood strips of the consecutive layers with the same orientation, make it possible to create interstices in three-dimensional baffles.

These interstices naturally contain air, which is a natural insulator, insofar as the panel is closed by continuous end plates covering the large faces of the panel.

In a panel with alternating plies of layers of wood thus produced, the interstices in three-dimensional baffles constitute a non-direct path and much longer than the simple thickness of the panel for the sound waves, which are deviated, slowed down and / or stopped, thus achieving a panel having in particular good sound insulation properties.

The solid wooden parts of the panel are also in the form of three-dimensional baffles in the direction of the thickness of the panel. In this way, such a panel does not include directly through element likely to constitute a short thermal bridge according to the thickness of the panel. On the other hand, the solid parts in baffles have a much greater developed length, and at each layer of wooden boards the developed length is increased by a value equal to the width of a wooden board. As a result, such a panel has excellent thermal insulation properties. Simple fasteners can be used to hold the different layers of wood strips together, avoiding that these fasteners themselves constitute a thermal bridge.

Advantageously, it can be anticipated in advance, from the preparation of the wooden boards, that the panel will include openings ready to receive doors, windows, or other structures.

This avoids having to make wall openings on the sites. Advantageously, wood slats may comprise sections of wood slats abutted one after the other.

Finger jointing is a technique of assembling pieces of wood well known and well mastered by those skilled in the art.

This technique then makes it possible to easily cut wood boards to length to achieve, by a simple assembly without cuts. additional, panels already having finite-dimensional openings and having an almost finished outline. It is estimated that this saves up to about 20% of wood on average, bringing the overall saving achieved by the invention to about 70% of wood on average. Advantageously, the wood strips may have an average width of about 150 mm and a thickness of about 30 mm.

Such a thickness makes it easy to pass electrical conduits and other plumbing pipes in the intervals between successive wooden strips of each layer of wooden boards. This prevents plumbers and electricians, for example, to groove the walls to pass their wiring, then to cover with a large amount of plaster, then sand to remove any traces of their passage. This results in a significant reduction in the cost of construction of a building.

According to a first embodiment, advantageously, the cross section of the wood slats may be symmetrical with respect to a mean longitudinal plane perpendicular to the main faces of the wood slat.

Such a symmetry facilitates the handling of the wooden boards, because one does not have to worry about the orientation of the wooden boards, which is indifferent.

In addition, such symmetry facilitates the subsequent filling of the intervals between the successive wooden boards with filler elements, such as blades of insulating or other materials. These filling elements may indeed be insulating material blades having the same shape as the wood blades.

Advantageously, the longitudinal edges of the wood slats can be profiled with side edges that are not planar and perpendicular to the main faces. This facilitates the handling of wood blades by gripping the side edges.

The panels can in particular be easily gripped by an automaton. The automation of the manufacture of such panels is thus facilitated. It can advantageously be provided that each wooden blade is beveled on the two longitudinal edges, defining a trapezoidal cross section.

In this particular embodiment, when the wooden blades rest on a plane by their small face, the gripping means automata easily grip the wooden blades to lift, without this requires tightening. In addition, such a configuration in bevels makes it easier to seal the joints during the subsequent assembly of the wooden boards with, for example, fillers of the same shape that are housed in the gaps between them. blades of wood. According to a second embodiment, it can be provided that the cross section of the wood slats has a central symmetry. Such central symmetry promotes the extraction or embedment of a wooden blade between two adjacent blades if necessary, by rotation about the longitudinal axis of symmetry. Maintenance is simplified. An advantageous configuration may be such that the longitudinal edges of the wood strips each comprise two end faces perpendicular to the respective main faces, connected by an oblique face.

Advantageously, it can be provided that the interstices are filled with an insulating material. The insulating material is easily inserted into the interstices of the panel. It can be blades made of insulating material. As an alternative, i! may be an injected foam. We can easily imagine that this step is automated.

Once in the interstices, the insulating material enhances the intrinsic insulation properties of the panel.

Advantageously, it can be provided that the insulation is a thermal insulator, a sound insulator, a flame retardant, or a product having many of these properties. As insulation, it is advantageous, but not exclusively, to use wood wool blades. Advantageously, it can be provided that certain unfilled gaps of insulating material constitute passages for technical ducts.

Thus, most of the interstices can be filled to improve the insulation properties of the panel, and gaps and gaps not used for this purpose can serve other purposes, such as, for example, the passage of ducts to avoid the chutes and other holes in the walls.

Advantageously, the mechanical fixing means may be pegs and / or glue and / or nails and / or screws.

These fixing means are conventional, easy to use and they allow an efficient assembly to produce a panel having the mechanical properties sufficient to produce building walls.

Advantageously, the panel may have a length of less than about 15 meters, and a width of less than about 3 meters. These dimensions make it possible to transport the panels easily by road, because they are slightly below the limit beyond which an exceptional transport in convoy is necessary.

Advantageously, the main faces of the panel can be closed by two plates. The confinement of the air in the interstices then makes it possible to use its insulating properties to thereby achieve a panel having good thermal insulation properties.

Advantageously, it is possible to provide a coplanar assembly of at least two panels according to the invention along a joint plane, in which: the wood strips of the first panel oriented perpendicular to the joint plane are aligned with the blades of wood of the second panel having the same orientation,

- The same wood blades serve as fixing blades and are therefore engaged simultaneously and fixed in at least some of the respective adjacent intervals of the two panels.

This fixing method is simple to carry out and ecological. In addition, the use of the same wood blades to make the wood-veneered panel and the fastening blades makes assembly easy and supply simple. A single type of wood slats is used to make this panel and to assemble two panels together.

Advantageously, the fixing blades can be engaged in the visible intervals on at least one face of the panels.

The fixing strips are thus easily accessible, both for the assembly of the panels and for their separation or the possible replacement of defective fixing blades.

According to another aspect, the invention also provides a method for producing a wood-panel panel as defined above, in which:

- wooden boards are cut to form wooden boards having cross-sections of the same shape, - these boards of wood are cut and cut to the desired length,

these wooden blades are positioned to form the layers of wood blades with non-joined wood blades,

- two layers of wood strips with non-joined wood blades are superimposed,

these two layers are assembled with mechanical fastening means; the other layers of wooden boards are superimposed and fixed until the desired thickness of the wood-panel is obtained, - The perimeter of the panel is bypassed with a cutting tool to obtain precisely the desired panel geometric shape.

This process includes simple steps, very easily automated, which allow to quickly realize the panels. The wood strips can be made from wood planks, advantageously cut from unsustainable wood, by removing the defective pieces of wood (knots) and abutting the planks one after the other before flow to the length. desired for each blade of wood. The wooden boards are thus inexpensive and use material that would have been used with difficulty otherwise.

The wood slats can be cut at the beginning to the right length and assembled so that the necessary openings in the panel are made directly by the assembly, without further cutting of the wood slats. These strips of wood are then positioned in layers of wood strips, then the layers are superimposed to make the openings without the need to cut the material again.

Advantageously, the cutting of the wood slats and their assembly can be controlled so as to compose a wall in one piece, the final dimensions integrating the openings ready to receive doors, windows, or other structures.

Due to the almost total absence of falls, a panel made of wood thus produced is ecological and less expensive.

It can advantageously be provided that the panel, as defined above, is associated with structures having mechanical or insulating properties of their own to achieve the performance required to form horizontal walls, vertical or oblique in a building.

Advantageously, it is thus possible to provide that an inner wall (wall of partition) essentially comprises a panel as defined above, with several layers of wood boards with alternating folds, advantageously at least three layers. Such a structure allows itself to achieve an acoustic loss of at least 34 dB when the panel comprises at least five layers.

Advantageously, it is also possible for an external wall to comprise essentially: a panel as defined above, with several layers of alternating plywood blades, advantageously at least five layers, a thermally insulating inner structure based on layers of wood strips and strips of an insulating material, advantageously at least one layer, covering the inner face of the panel,

an outer structure with several layers based on wooden boards and strips of woodwool in alternate folds, advantageously at least four layers, covering the outer face of the panel.

Such a structure has a thermal resistance of at least 3.6 m ² .K / W, and achieves an acoustic loss of at least 37 dB.

Advantageously, it can be provided that the layers of the inner structure and the outer structure comprise about 20% of wooden blades in volume.

Advantageously, it is still possible to provide that a slab essentially comprises:

a panel as defined above, with several layers of alternating plywood blades, advantageously at least three layers,

a reinforcement structure on either side of this panel,

a lower thermally insulating structure, with several layers based on wood strips and wood wool boards, advantageously at least seven layers, an upper structure with several layers of alternating plywood boards with interstices able to accommodate technical sleeves, advantageously at least two layers.

Such a structure has a thermal resistance of at least 4.5 m ² .K / W. Advantageously, the reinforcing structure may comprise about 100% wood blades by volume, the upper structure comprises about 50% wood blades by volume, and the lower structure about 20% wood blades by volume.

Advantageously, it can be provided that a floor essentially comprises:

a reinforcement structure on either side of this panel,

a technical structure with several alternately pleated layers with interstices able to receive technical sleeves on either side of the panel / reinforcing structure assembly, advantageously at least two layers. Such a structure allows itself to achieve an acoustic loss of at least 39 dB.

Advantageously, it can be provided that the reinforcing structure comprises about 100% wood blades by volume, the technical structure comprises about 50% of wood blades by volume.

Advantageously, it can be provided that a roof essentially comprises:

a panel as defined above, with several layers of alternating plywood blades, advantageously at least three layers, a reinforcement structure on either side of this panel,

- A low structure with several layers based on wooden boards and strips of wood wool in alternating folds, preferably at least ten layers.

Such a structure has a thermal resistance of at least 6 m ² .K / W and achieves an acoustic loss of at least 39 dB. It can advantageously be provided that the reinforcing structure comprises about 100% of wooden blades in volume, the low structure comprises about 20% of wooden blades in volume.

SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of particular embodiments, with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:

FIG. 1 is a general schematic view of a wood-panel panel according to a first embodiment of the invention;

- Figure 2 is a sectional view of gripping means corresponding to a first type of wood blades;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of gripping means corresponding to a second type of wood slats;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a wood leaf panel according to a second embodiment of the invention; - Figure 5 is a side view of the assembly of two panels with wooden blades according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a general view of a three-dimensional baffle according to the embodiment of FIG. 1;

- Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a third type of wood blades according to the invention;

- Figure 8 is a general schematic exploded view of an interior wall;

- Figure 9 is a general schematic exploded view of an outer wall; - Figure 10 is a general schematic exploded view of a slab;

- Figure 11 is a general schematic exploded view of a floor; and

- Figure 12 is a general schematic exploded view of a roof wall.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS According to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, a wood-paneled panel 1 comprises a continuous solid base layer CO and six layers C1-C6 of wooden boards C1B1-C1B6, C2B1-C2B5. C3B1-C3B5, C4B1-C4B4, C5B1-C5B6 and C6B1-C6B5 perforated and superimposed alternately on each other.

Each layer of wood of the C1-C6 layers has a rectangular cross-section.

In order to produce this wood-chip panel 1, a first wooden blade C1B1 is positioned in a first orientation X.

A second wooden blade C1B2 is then positioned parallel and in the same plane as the first wooden blade C1B1. This second blade is also oriented according to the first orientation X.

The second wood board C1B2 is offset laterally (perpendicular to the first orientation X) relative to the first wood board C1B1 so that the spacing E between the longitudinal axes of the two consecutive wood boards C1B1 and C1B2 is equal to two times the average width L of the wooden boards. As a result, a gap J not occupied by the wood separates the consecutive wood slats, which gap J has the same volume as a wood slat and having a cross-section of the same shape as the cross-section of a blade of wood. wood.

This is done until the first layer of wood boards C1 is completed. The number of wooden boards per layer is determined by the final dimension of the wood panel 1 to be made.

In FIG. 1, the first layer of C1 blade blades is produced with six C1B1-C1B6 wood blades. We always find the J interval between two consecutive blades. To make the second layer of wood boards C2 above the first layer of wood boards C1, a first wood board C2B1 is positioned in a second orientation Y. This second orientation Y is perpendicular to the first orientation X.

A second wooden blade C2B2 is then positioned parallel and in the same plane as the first wooden blade C2B1. This second blade is also oriented in the second orientation Y. The second wood blade C2B2 is offset laterally (perpendicularly to the second orientation Y) relative to the first wood blade C2B1 so that the spacing E between the longitudinal axes of the two consecutive wood blades C2B1 and C2B2 is equal to two times the average width L of the wooden boards. The result is still an interval J not occupied by the wood between the successive wooden slats, which interval J having the same volume as a wood slat and having a cross section of the same shape as the cross section of a wood slat .

This is done until the second layer of wood boards C2 is completed.

In FIG. 1, the second layer C2 is produced with five wood blades C2B1-C2B5. We always find the J interval between two consecutive blades.

In order to produce the third layer of wood boards C3 above the second layer of wood boards C2, the same procedure is used for producing the first layer of wood boards C1. However the first blade of wood

C3B1 is shifted transversely relative to the wooden boards of the first layer with the same orientation X, namely the wooden boards C1 B1 and C1B2, a distance D equal to the average width L of the wooden boards.

To make the fourth layer of wood boards C4 above the third layer of wood boards C3, the same procedure is followed for producing the second layer of wood boards C2. However, the first wood blade C4B1 is shifted transversely relative to the wooden blades of the second layer C2 with the same orientation Y _1, namely the wood blades C2B1 and

C2B2, a distance D equal to the average width L of the wood blades. In order to produce the fifth layer of C5 wood slats above the fourth layer of wood slats OA, the same procedure is used for producing the first layer of wood slats C1. However, the first wood blade C5B1 is shifted transversely relative to the wood blades of the third layer C3 having the same orientation X, namely the wood blades C3B1 and C3B2, a distance D equal to the average width L of the blades of wood.

To make the sixth layer of wood boards C6 above the fifth layer of wood boards C5, the same procedure is followed for producing the second layer of wood boards C2. However, the first wood blade C6B1 is shifted transversely relative to the wood blades of the fourth layer C4 having the same orientation Y _1, namely the wood blades C4B1 and C4B2, with a distance D equal to the average width L of the blades of wood. Thus, the first layer of wood slats C1 comprises in particular six wood slats C1B1, C1B2, C1B3, C1B4, C1B5, C1B6 in an X direction with a gap J between two consecutive slats.

The second layer of wood blades C2 comprises in particular five wood blades C2B1, C2B2, C2B3, C2B4, C2B5 in an orientation Y with an interval J between two consecutive iames.

The third layer of wood boards C3 comprises in particular five wood strips C3B1, C3B2, C3B3, C3B4, C3B5, according to the X orientation with an interval J between two consecutive blades. The fourth layer of wooden boards C4 comprises in particular four wooden boards C4B1, C4B2, C4B3, C4B4 in an orientation Y with an interval J between two consecutive boards.

The fifth layer of wood slats C5 comprises in particular six wood slats C5B1, C5B2, C5B3, C5B4, C5B5, C5B6 according to the X orientation with an interval J between two consecutive slats.

The sixth layer of wooden boards C6 comprises in particular five wood boards C6B1, C6B2, C6B3, C6B4, C6B5 in an orientation Y with a gap J between two consecutive leaves.

The wood strips of the layer of wood boards C3 are laterally offset by a distance D with respect to the wooden boards from the layers of wood boards C1 and C5 or consecutive wooden boards with the same orientation X.

The wood strips of the layer of wood boards C4 are offset laterally by a distance D relative to the wooden boards from the layers of wood boards C2 and C6 or consecutive wooden boards with the same orientation Y. The center distance E between two consecutive wooden strips of the same layer and the offset D between the layers of two layers of consecutive wooden boards with the same orientation, create interstices I in three-dimensional baffle. Figure 6 illustrates in perspective the shape of such an interstice I, on which have been shown the successive areas corresponding to the layers C1 to C6. The base layer CO may consist of the same wooden strips, contiguously joined to one another and oriented in the Y direction.

Alternatively, the base layer CO may also be a layer of perforated wood slats, in which the wood slats are placed in correspondence with those of the layer of wood slats C4. The number of layers of wood strips constituting a panel may advantageously be odd, for example 7 layers or 9 layers. The wooden strips of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 have a relatively thick rectangular cross-section, with a thickness H of about half the width L, chosen for a question of readability of the figure. Naturally, the invention applies to other forms of section of the wood blades. More frequently, it will be possible to provide wood slats of width L = about 150 mm and thickness H = about 30 mm, these dimensions being adapted to the current flow capacities of sawmills.

It can also advantageously provide wood blades whose longitudinal edges are profiled to facilitate gripping and / or to improve the sealing of the connection between contiguous elements. Figures 2 and 3 show, by way of non-limiting illustration, two forms of cross sections. In Figure 2, the wooden blade 10 has a trapezoidal cross section, with a first longitudinal edge 10a oblique, a second longitudinal edge 10b oblique, a small main face 10c and a large main face 10d.

In FIG. 3, the main faces 10c and 10d are found on the wooden strip 10, and the inclined longitudinal edges 10a and 10b each comprise an inclined intermediate facet and two end faces perpendicular to the main faces 10c and 10d. Figures 2 and 3 also illustrate a possible structure of gripping means 2 for wood slats 10 with side edges 10a and 10b sections. The wooden strips 10 are represented with their small main face 10c initially resting on a plane.

The gripping means 2 comprise two rotary rollers 2a and 2b, of vertical axis, having a respective active frustoconical surface 20a or 20b with an upwardly directed apex.

These active surfaces 20a or 20b each extend by two coaxial cylindrical sections 21a, 22a, 21b, 22b at their two high and low ends. This configuration of the gripping means 2 allows their use with wood strips 10 of different cross sections with profiled longitudinal edges, provided that the longitudinal edges 10a and 10b of the wood strips 10 have at least one portion with a bias corresponding to the bias frustoconical surfaces 20a and 20b. Figure 2 illustrates the first type of wood blade 10 with which the gripping means 2 can be used. This first type of wood slats 10 has a trapezoidal cross section. The angle of the edges longitudinal 10a and 10b of the wooden strips 10 substantially corresponds to the cone angle of the active surfaces 20a and 20b conical con tron.

FIG. 3 illustrates the second type of wooden blade 10 having longitudinal edges 10a and 10b each comprising two high and low facets perpendicular to the faces 10c and 1d connected to each other by an intermediate angle inclined at the angle cone frustoconical surfaces 20a and 20b.

FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-section of a wood slatted panel 1 according to a second embodiment of the present invention, comprising seven layers of alternately openwork and superposed wood slats, whose seventh layer formed of the C7B1 wood slats. -C7B3.

The same essential means are identified by the same reference numerals as in FIG.

In this embodiment, the wood panel 1 is shown between two plates 5a and 5b which close the panel. All the wooden boards have the same trapezoidal cross section.

Between two consecutive wooden strips of the same layer, for example between the wooden strips C7B2 and C7B3, is illustrated a center distance E ₁ between the longitudinal axes of the two consecutive blades, equal to twice the average width L of the wood blades .

Between the blades C1B3 and C3B3, for example, two consecutive layers of wood C1 and C3 with the same orientation, is illustrated an offset D equal to the average width L of the wood blades.

This offset D and this spacing E create interstices I baffled three-dimensional (Figure 6).

In certain interstices I can be housed insulating materials. In FIG. 4, insulating materials Ma-Mf are illustrated. In other interstices I2 can be housed sheaths for electric cables for example. Some interstices may remain empty, such as I3a-I3e gaps. These naturally contain air and participate in the insulating properties of the panel.

To propagate through such a panel wood blades 1, the acoustic waves find obstacles on their way and have a hard time! to spread.

In a panel, the thermal propagation is essentially through the solid wood parts. In a panel according to the invention, the shortest preferential thermal propagation path in the solid portions has the same baffled shape as the gap I illustrated in FIG. For a solid 6-layer panel, consisting of jointed wooden strips each having a thickness H and a width L, the length of the average path of thermal propagation is 6H.

For a 6-layer panel according to the invention, consisting of wood slats having a thickness H and a width L, arranged according to the invention, the length of the average path of thermal propagation is 6H + 4L.

The invention therefore allows an increase in the length of the average path of thermal propagation of 4L.

Thus, for wood strips with a width L = 150 mm and a thickness H = 30 mm, the average thermal propagation path increases from 180 mm to 780 mm, so the increase in the length of the average path of thermal propagation is 433%.

For a solid 7-layer panel consisting of contiguous wood strips having a thickness H and a width L, the length of the average path of thermal propagation is 7H.

For a 7-layer panel according to the invention, consisting of wood slats having a thickness H and a width L, arranged according to the invention, the length of the average path of thermal propagation is 7H + 5L.

The invention therefore allows an increase in the length of the average path of thermal propagation of 5L.

Thus, for wood strips of width L = 150 mm and thickness H = 30 mm, the average path of thermal propagation increases from 210 mm to 960 mm, so the increase in the length of the average path of thermal propagation is 457%. For a 9-ply solid panel, consisting of contiguous strips of wood each having a thickness H and a width L, the length of the average path of thermal propagation is 9H.

For a 9-layer panel according to the invention, consisting of wood slats having a thickness H and a width L, arranged according to the invention, the length of the average path of thermal propagation is 9H + 7L.

The invention therefore allows an increase in the length of the average path of thermal propagation of 7L.

Thus, for wood strips of width L = 150 mm and thickness H = 30 mm, the average path of thermal propagation increases from 270 mm to 1320 mm, so the increase in length of the average path of thermal propagation is 488 mm. %. It is therefore understood that the structure of the panel according to the invention substantially improves the acoustic and thermal insulation properties of the panel.

The description given above in relation to FIGS. 1 and 4 concerns the volume portion of the panel according to the invention in which there are layers of perforated wood blades and superposed alternately on each other.

The invention can be applied to panels consisting solely of such a structure with layers of perforated wood blades and alternately superimposed on each other.

However, the invention also applies to panel structures in which only a portion of the volume of the panel comprises the layered structure of perforated wood blades and superimposed alternately on each other, other parts of the volume of the panel that can be full. As examples, it can be provided:

- a floor panel, in which the upper layer consists of contiguous wood slats, while the underlying layers have the multilayered structure of perforated wood slats and superimposed alternately on each other, - a panel for walls, in which the two outer and inner layers consist of contiguous blades, while the inner layers have the multilayered structure of perforated wood blades and alternately superposed on each other,

a floor panel, in which the upper layer consists of contiguous wood slats, and at least one underlying layer has an increased thickness consisting of a stack of several wood slats,

a panel for a wall, in which the surrounds of openings are stackings of adjoining wooden boards to constitute, in particular, lintels,

- A wall panel with 9 layers of wooden boards, in which the layers 2 and 8 are made of adjoining wooden boards, the other layers having the layered structure of perforated wood boards and alternately superposed some on others.

Figure 5 illustrates a building wall including openings 01-04 to accommodate windows for example. The building wall shown in this figure comprises two distinct wood panel panels P1 and P2. The wood panel P1 has been made by providing the openings 01 and 02, and the wood panel P2 has been made by providing the openings 03 and 04.

To assemble the boards with wooden boards P1 and P2, according to a joint plane 50, the wooden boards of the first panel P1 oriented perpendicular to the joint plane 50 are aligned with the wooden boards of the second panel P2 with the same orientation.

In certain respective adjacent gaps of the two wood-chip boards P1 and P2, fastening blades 6a-6l are simultaneously engaged. The wood panels P1 and P2 are thus mechanically fixed to one another and thus provide the mechanical strength of a building.

Figure 7 illustrates a third type of wood blade according to the invention. This type of wood blade has the particularity of presenting a central symmetry.

The wood blade C2B1 has an upper main face F1 and a lower main face F2.

This wooden blade C2B1 also has a lateral edge having two end faces f1 and f2 perpendicular to the respective main faces F1 and F2. These two end facets f 1 and f 2 are connected by an oblique face Fo. The width of the end facets f1 and f2 may be about 4 to 5 mm, and the inclination of the oblique face Fo may be for example 30 ° to 40 ° relative to the perpendicular to the main faces F1 and F2 .

Figures 8 to 12 illustrate exemplary embodiments of an interior wall, an exterior wall, a slab, a floor and a roof from the panel described above. Other achievements could be thought according to the structure of the building and the load to be resumed. The numbers of layers could vary.

Figure 8 illustrates, in exploded view, an embodiment of an inner wall of a slit. This interior wall comprises five layers 81 to 85 to 50% wood blades in volume. Each layer comprises wood strips as described above. The interstices are filled with blades of wood wool. The first, third and fifth layers 81, 83 and 85 comprise wood and wood wool blades intended to be oriented vertically when used in a building. The second and fourth layers 82 and 84 comprise horizontal wood and wood wool blades. The five layers 81 to 85 are slid and secured against each other. Alternate folds are thus made. Figure 9 illustrates, in exploded view, an embodiment of an outer wall. This exterior wall comprises a Slnt inner structure with a layer of 20% by volume of wood strips and 80% by volume of thermally insulating material. This layer is made with horizontal blades. The insulating material may advantageously be a composite material based on plaster loaded with cellulose, for example the material known under the name

^' Fermacell.

This outer wall comprises a central panel Pc as described above with five layers of wood boards 81-85 alternately pleated with 50% by volume of wood blades and 50% by volume of wood wool blades.

This wall comprises an outer structure SExt which comprises four alternate ply layers with 20% by volume of wood blades and 80% by volume of blades of a thermal insulating material and / or sound such as wood wool.

All layers are clad and joined to each other to make the wall.

Figure 10 illustrates, in exploded view, an embodiment of a slab. This slab includes a central Pc panel with three layers of alternating plywood blades with 50% by volume of wood slats and 50% by volume of wood wool slats. This slab comprises, on either side of the central panel Pc, a Srenf reinforcement structure having a layer of joined wood slats.

This slab also comprises an upper Ssup structure which comprises two layers with alternating folds with 50% by volume of wood slats, the interstices I being left empty to receive technical sleeves. This slab finally comprises an inferior Sinf insulating structure with several layers (four layers) alternating and shifted to 20% by volume of wood slats and 80% by volume of blades of thermally insulating material.

All layers are clad and joined to each other to make the slab. Figure 11 illustrates, in exploded view, an embodiment of a floor. This floor comprises a central panel Pc with three layers of wooden boards alternately folded with 50% by volume of wooden boards and 50% by volume of wood wool boards.

This floor comprises, on either side of the central panel Pc, a Srenf reinforcement structure with a layer of joined wood strips.

This floor also includes a Stech technical structure, on either side of the Srenf reinforcement structures, which comprises two pleated layers alternated with 50% by volume of wooden strips, the interstices I being left empty to receive ducts.

All the layers are clad and joined together to make the floor. Figure 12 illustrates a roof wall embodiment. This roof wall comprises a central panel Pc with three layers of alternating plywood blades with 50% by volume of wood strips and 50% by volume of wood wool boards.

This roof wall comprises, on either side of the central panel Pc, a Srenf reinforcement structure with a layer of joined wood strips.

This roof wall also includes a low Sbasse structure, in contact with a Srenf reinforcement structure, which comprises ten layers of alternating ply blades with 20% by volume of wood blades and 80% by volume of wood wool blades. . All layers are clad and joined to each other to make the wall.

The panels according to the invention can also be used as an insulating structure applied to a separate supporting structure.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments which have been explicitly described, but it includes the various variants and generalizations thereof within the scope of the claims below.

Claims

1 - Wood panel (1), comprising several superposed layers of non-joined wood slats, in which:

- The wooden boards have cross sections of the same dimensions, - Wooden boards of a layer of wooden boards are positioned, parallel and in the same plane, in the same orientation, with a spacing (E) between the axes. longitudinals of two consecutive wooden blades, the spacing (E) being substantially equal to twice the average width (L) of the wood slats and thus defining a gap (J) between the consecutive wooden slats of the layer,

- layers of non-joined wood strips are superimposed so as to have two perpendicular orientations (X and Y) and so as to criss-cross the wooden boards of a layer with non-contiguous wood blades relative to the wood strips of the layers adjacent to non-joined wood blades, characterized in that:

the non-joined wooden planks of a layer are shifted transversely, with respect to the wooden planks of the consecutive layers having the same orientation, by a distance (D) substantially equal to the average width (L) of the wood slats,

- The layers of wood strips are held together by mechanical fixing means, to form a panel (1) alternately pleated layers of wood slats interstices (I) in baffles.

2 - panel wood blades according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises openings (O1-O4) ready to receive doors, windows, or other structures. 3 - panel wood blades according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that wood strips comprise sections of wood strips butted one after the other.

4 - panel wood blades according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wood blades have a mean width (L) of about 150 mm and a thickness (H) of about 30 mm.

5 - wood panel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cross section of the wood blades is symmetrical with respect to a longitudinal mean plane perpendicular to the main faces (10c, 10d) of the wood blade (10). 6 - panel wood blades according to claim 5, characterized in that the longitudinal edges (10a, 10b) of the wood slats (10) are profiled to facilitate handling. 7 - panel wood blades according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that each wooden blade (10) is beveled on the two longitudinal edges (1Oa ₁ 1Ob) ₁ defining a trapezoidal cross section.

8 - panel wood blade according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cross section of the wood blades has a central symmetry.

9 - wood panel according to claim 8, characterized in that the longitudinal edges of the wood strips (10) each comprise two end faces (f1, f2) perpendicular to the respective main faces (F1, F2), connected by an oblique face (Fo).

10 - wood panel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the interstices (I) are filled with an insulating material.

11 - wood panel according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the mechanical fixing means are dowels and / or glue and / or nails and / or screws.

12 - coplanar assembly of at least two panels (P1, P2) according to claims 1 to 11 according to a joint plane (50), characterized in that:

the wooden strips of the first panel (P1) oriented perpendicularly to the joint plane (50) are aligned with the wooden strips of the second panel (P2) having the same orientation,

- The same wooden strips (6a-6I) serve as fixing strips and are therefore engaged simultaneously and fixed in at least at least respective adjacent intervals of the two panels (P1, P2).

13 - Assembly according to claim 12, characterized in that the fixing blades (6a-6l) are engaged in the visible intervals on at least one side of the panels.

14 - Process for producing a wood-paneled panel according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that:

- wooden boards are cut to form wooden boards having cross-sections of the same shape,

- these wooden strips are cut and cut to the desired length,

two layers of wood blades with non-joined wood blades are superimposed; these two layers are assembled with mechanical fixing means,

the other layers of wooden boards are superposed and fixed until the desired thickness of the wood-panel is obtained, - The perimeter of the panel is bypassed with a cutting tool to obtain precisely the desired panel geometric shape.

15 - Process according to claim 14, characterized in that the cutting of the wood blades and their assembly are controlled so as to compose a wall in one piece, to the final dimensions integrating the openings (01-04) ready to receive doors , windows, or other structures.

16 - Inner wall comprising essentially a panel according to any one of claims 1 to 11, with several layers of plywood blades alternately, preferably at least three layers (81-85). 17 - Exterior wall essentially comprising:

- A panel (Pc) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, with several layers of plywood blades alternately, preferably at least five layers (81-85),

a thermally insulating inner structure (Slnt) based on layers of wood strips and strips of an insulating material, advantageously at least one layer, covering the inner face of the panel (Pc),

- An outer structure (SExt) with several layers based on wooden boards and strips of wood wool in alternating folds, preferably at least four layers, covering the outer face of the panel (Pc). 18 - outer wall according to claim 17, characterized in that the layers of the inner structure (Slnt) and the outer structure (SExt) comprise about 20% of wooden blades in volume. 19 - Slab essentially comprising:

- A panel (Pc) according to any one of claims 1 to 1 1, with several layers of plywood blades alternately, preferably at least three layers,

a reinforcement structure (Srenf) on either side of this panel (Pc),

a thermally insulating lower structure (Sinf), with several layers based on wooden strips and woodwool strips, advantageously at least seven layers,

an upper structure (Ssup) with several layers of plywood blades alternating with interstices (I) able to receive sheaths, advantageously at least two layers.

20 - Slab according to claim 19, characterized in that the reinforcing structure (Srenf) comprises about 100% of wooden blades in volume, the upper structure (Ssup) comprises about 50% of wooden blades in volume, and the structure lower (Sinf) about 20% of wood blades in volume. 21 - Floor essentially comprising:

- A panel (Pc) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, with several layers of plywood blades alternately, preferably at least three layers, - a reinforcement structure (Srenf) on either side of this panel (Pc),

a technical structure (Stech) with several alternately pleated layers with interstices (I) able to receive ducts on both sides of the panel assembly (Pc) / reinforcing structure (Srenf), advantageously at least two layers. 22 - Floor according to claim 21, characterized in that the reinforcing structure (Srenf) comprises about 100% of wood blades by volume, the technical structure (Stech) comprises about 50% wood blades in volume.

23 - Roofing wall essentially comprising:

- A panel (Pc) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, with several layers of plywood blades alternately, preferably at least three layers,

a reinforcement structure (Srenf) on either side of this panel (Pc),

- A low structure (S low) with several layers based on wood blades and wood wool blades in alternating pleats, preferably at least ten layers.

24 - roofing wall according to claim 23, characterized in that the reinforcing structure (Srenf) comprises about 100% of wood blades in volume, the low structure (low S) comprises about 20% of wooden blades in volume.