RU189188U9 - Construction panel - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of construction, in particular to the construction of the panel used for the construction of load-bearing and / or self-supporting walls and partitions of buildings and structures. The construction panel contains alternating continuous layers and layers of elements interconnected. A layer of elements is formed by a set of elongated elements oriented (located) in the same direction at a distance from each other with the formation of air channels bounded by elongated elements and continuous layers. In the adjacent layers of elements, elongated elements are spaced apart from each other so that their projections do not intersect at the plane of a continuous layer located between adjacent layers of elements. The technical result achieved as a result of solving the problem is to increase the temperature otehnicheskih building panel properties without substantial deterioration of strength and mass-dimensional parameters of the building panel.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to the field of construction, in particular to the construction of the panel used for the construction of walling, supporting and / or self-supporting structures, walls and partitions of buildings and structures.

The level of technology

The prior art various designs of building panels. The closest in design to the claimed utility model is a technical solution known from the UK patent number GB157597 Improvements in wooden building elements, priority from 11/06/1919. To provide a better understanding of FIG. 1 and FIG. 1.1 shows the construction of the building panel according to patent number GB157597.

The construction panel contains alternating continuous layers 101 and layers of elements 102 (1021, 1022, 1023). The layer of elements 102 is formed by a plurality of elongated elements 103 oriented in the same direction at a distance from each other with the formation of a plurality of air channels 104 bounded by elongated elements 103 and continuous layers 101. Herewith, layers of elements 1021 and 1022, as well as layers of elements 1022 and 1023, are adjacent.

Modern exterior walls and other enclosures have a complex structure, in which the heat-conducting characteristics depend not only on the characteristics of the materials and the thickness of the layers that make up the fence, but also on the presence of internal connections of the structure, which are heat-conducting inclusions. In which the heat flow moves through the entire structure, making the most of the material with the highest value of thermal conductivity. In consequence of this, the enclosing structure has a non-uniform temperature field, which is characterized by R _r ⁰ (m2 / S * W) reduced resistance to heat transfer of the external enclosure. To improve the thermal performance (increase the reduced resistance to heat transfer) it is necessary to reduce the heat loss through heat-conducting inclusions.

         In GOST R 54851-2011 ("National Standard of the Russian Federation. Building construction protecting non-uniform. Calculation of reduced resistance to heat transfer"), it is indicated that if thermal protection of through heat-conducting inclusions is present in the structure (which is the path AB in Fig. 1), it is necessary to provide inserts being broken bridges cold. This decision is reflected in the claimed utility model of FIG. 2, where the improvement of thermal properties is achieved, in particular, by increasing the path of the heat flux through thermally conductive inclusion (which is CDEFGH in Fig. 2) compared to the prior art. FIG. one.

Disclosure

The technical result in the inventive construction panel containing alternating continuous layers and layers of elements interconnected, a layer of elements formed by a set of elongated elements oriented (arranged) in the same direction at a distance from each other with the formation of air channels, limited elongated elements and solid layers REACHED The fact that in the adjacent layers of elements the elongated elements are spaced apart relative to each other, so that their projections do not intersect on the plane of the continuous layer, p placed between adjacent layers of elements.

Possible clarifying features of the claimed utility model are listed below.

The construction panel contains n + 1 continuous layers and n layers of elements, where n is any integer greater than or equal to 2. Continuous layers and layers of elements are made of the same material. Solid layers are made of plywood. Solid layers are made of veneer. Solid layers are made of DSP (cement-bonded chipboard). Solid layers and layers of elements are made of various materials. The elongated elements have the shape of a parallelepiped. The elongated elements have the form different from the parallelepiped. The elongated elements of adjacent layers of elements have the same thickness. The elongated elements of the adjacent layers of elements have different thicknesses. Elongated elements of adjacent layers of elements have the same width. The elongated elements of adjacent layers of elements have different widths. The elongated elements of adjacent layers of elements have the same cross-sectional area. The elongated elements of adjacent layers of elements have a different cross-sectional area. Extruded elements of one layer of elements have different widths. The elongated elements of one layer of elements have the same width. The element layer is formed by a set of elongated elements oriented in the same direction at the same distance from each other with the formation of many identical air channels. The element layer is formed by a set of elongated elements oriented in the same direction at different distances from each other with the formation of a plurality of air channels of different volume. The connection of alternating layers made by means of adhesive composition. The connection of alternating layers is carried out by means of fasteners. On one of the inner surfaces of the air ducts there is a reflecting heat-insulating material. Reflective heat-insulating material is placed on several internal surfaces of the air ducts. A film material is placed on one of the inner surfaces of the air ducts. A film material is placed on several internal surfaces of the air channels. Insulating material is placed in the air ducts. The elongated element of the layer of elements has through holes or has a groove. The elongated element of the layer of elements is formed from parts arranged in series at a distance from each other, with the formation of an additional air channel, in the gap between the parts of the elongated element and continuous layers.

The technical result achieved as a result of solving the task, is to improve the thermal performance of the building panel without a significant deterioration of the weight and size and strength parameters of the building panel.

  Improvement of the thermal engineering properties of the structure due to the slit-like voids located in a checkerboard pattern (increase in the path of the heat flow through the enclosing structure relative to the cold bridge normal) is also reflected in other building structures, for example, in steel thin-walled thermal profile (Figure 7.24 in the joint venture 260.1325800.2016) or a concrete stone (figure 8 in GOST 6133-52).

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 - construction of the construction panel according to patent GB157597 (prior art).

On Fig.1.1 - construction of the construction panel according to patent GB157597 (prior art), without heat-conducting inclusions.

Figure 2 - design of the proposed construction panel with the shown difference from the known design.

On Fig.2.1 - construction of the inventive construction panel with the shown difference from the known construction, without heat-conducting inclusions.

Figure 3 is an example of the inventive construction panel.

Description

Figure 2 shows a non-limiting embodiment of the design of the inventive construction panel, for clarity, displayed in the same style as the closest analogue (Figure 1). The inventive construction panel contains 4 continuous layers 201 (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014) and 3 layers of elements 202 (2021, 2022, 2023). The layer of elements 202 is formed by a plurality of elongated elements 203 oriented in the same direction at a distance from each other to form a plurality of air channels 204 bounded by elongated elements 203 and continuous layers 201. In this case, the layers of elements 2021 and 2022, as well as the layers of elements 2022 and 2023, are adjacent.

The number of alternating continuous layers 201 and layers of elements 202 is not specifically limited. It is only necessary to note that the construction panel contains n + 1 continuous layers 201 and n layers of elements 202, where n is any integer greater than or equal to 2. That is, the lower limit of the range of the number of layers for continuous layers 201 is 3, and for layers of elements 202 equals 2.

Salient features of the claimed utility model from the prior art are that in adjacent layers of elements 202, elongated elements 203 are spaced apart from each other, so that their projections do not intersect on the plane of the continuous layer 201 located between adjacent layers of elements 202.

In other words, the salient features of the claimed utility model from the prior art are that in adjacent layers of elements 202 (2021 and 2022, as well as 2022 and 2023), elongated elements 203 are oriented in one direction and spaced relative to each other in the plane of the continuous layer, located between adjacent layers of elements, and the projections (2031 and 2032, as well as 2032 and 2033) of elongated elements 203 of adjacent layers of elements 202 (2021 and 2022, and also 2022 and 2023) do not intersect on the plane of the continuous layer 201 (2012, as well as 2013) located between adjacent layers of elements 202 (2021 and 2022, and also 2022 and 2023). That is, the projections, 2031 and 2032, of elongated elements 203 of adjacent layers of elements, 2021 and 2022, do not intersect on the plane of a continuous layer 2012 located between adjacent layers of elements 2021 and 2022. As well as projections, 2032 and 2033, of elongated elements of 203 adjacent layers elements, 2022 and 2023, do not intersect on the plane of a continuous layer 2013, located between adjacent layers of elements 2022 and 2023.

The consequence of this (distinctive feature) the path of heat will be a broken line CDEFGH, which will be significantly more than in the known construction shown in Figure 1, where the path of heat AB is essentially equal to the thickness of the building panel. As a result of this, the reduced heat transfer resistance R _r ⁰ will be different for the known building panel (FIG. 1) and the claimed building panel (FIG. 2).

Based on GOST R 54851-2011 ("National Standard of the Russian Federation. Non-homogeneous building structures. Calculation of reduced heat transfer resistance"), the reduced heat transfer resistance is determined by the formula:

R ^r ₀ = ΣA / (ΣA / R ₀ + ΣL * + ΣN * K) (4.2)

where A is the area of the structure in the fragment under consideration, m ² ;

R ₀ is the heat transfer resistance of a homogeneous part of the structure, m ² * C / W;

L is the length of all joints in the fragment under consideration, m;

N is the number of point heat engineering inhomogeneities in the considered fragment, pcs;

K is the additional specific heat loss through a point heat engineering heterogeneity, W / S;

ψ these are additional specific linear heat losses through the joint, W / (m * C), determined by the formula:

ψ = ΔQ ^L / T (4.3)

where ΔQ ^L is the additional heat loss through the joint per one running meter of the joint, W / m. Determined by the formula:

ΔQ ^L = Q ^L - Q _j (4.4)

where Q _j is the heat loss through the homogeneous filling section, which entered the computational domain when calculating the temperature field of the joint, W / m. Determined by the formula:

Q _j = A _j * T / R ₀ * l _j (4.5)

T = (+ t - (-t))

Where l _j is the length of the computational domain in the calculation of the two-dimensional temperature field in the direction perpendicular to the section, equal to 1 m;

A _j is the area of homogeneous fillings included in the computational domain when calculating the temperature field, m2;

+ t is the calculated air temperature from the inner surface of the structure, ° С;

-t is the calculated air temperature from the outer surface of the structure, ° С;

Q ^L is the heat loss through the joint per one running meter of the joint, which is the result of calculating the temperature field, W / m. Determined by the formula:

Q^L = A_L* T / r * l_L

where a_L, T, l_L similar to Q_j

R is the thermal resistance of a uniform layer, m ² * C / W.

R = δ / λ (4.15)

where δ is the layer thickness, m;

λ is the calculated coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material of the layer, W / m * s.

We substitute all the elements (4.3) - (4.5) into the formula, and we also take into account that in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 there are no point technical inhomogeneities (therefore, ΣN * K = 0), then formula (4.2) takes the form:

R ^r ₀ = A / (A / R ₀ + L * (A _L / R - A _j / R ₀ ))

      Based on the fact that the illustrative examples of the construction of the building panel shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 the homogeneous part (without heat-conducting inclusions) has the same appearance and dimensions of L and P (shown in, non-limiting, illustrations of Fig. 1.1 and Fig. 2.1), then we make an assumption and all the same parts of the formula (between Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) denote as Δ:

R ^r ₀ = Δ / (Δ / Δ + Δ * (Δ / R - Δ / Δ))

It is seen that in the formula R ^r ₀ in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 only the value of R is different, therefore:

For FIG. 1: R = δ _AB / λ ₁

For FIG. 2: R = δ _CDEFGH / λ ₂

Since the famous building panel of FIG. 1 and the inventive construction panel of FIG. 2 as a considered, non-limiting example, made of the same material (λ_one= λ₂), and δ_CDEFGH more δ_AB (heat path CDEFGH and AB, respectively), therefore, R of the inventive building panel in FIG. 2 is greater than R of a known building panel. FIG. 1. And since with increasing R increases R^r ₀then we conclude that R^r ₀ inventive construction panel FIG. 2 more R^r ₀ known building panels FIG. 1. Based on the foregoing, we conclude that the thermal properties of the inventive construction panel FIG. 2 is better than that of the famous building panel FIG. one.

The continuous layers 201 and the layers of elements 202 of the same building panel can be made of the same material, for example, wood or wood-based (in particular, plywood, veneer, DSP (cement-bonded particleboard), etc.).

The continuous layers 201 and the layers of the elements 202 can be made of various materials. For example, solid layers 201 can be made of plywood, and layers of elements 202 can be made of wooden slats. Solid layers 201 can be made of DSP (cement-bonded chipboard), and layers of wood elements 202, etc. without any restrictions. The choice of material may be due to performance characteristics or the purpose of the panel being manufactured. For example, it may be advisable to use one combination of materials for supporting structures, and another for partitions. It is obvious that it is possible to manufacture universal panels suitable for various purposes and conditions.

The elongated elements of the layer of elements 202 may be in the form of a parallelepiped. One possible example would be wooden slats or bars. Elongated elements have the form different from the parallelepiped, for example, have an oval cross-section, or a circular cross-section, or a diamond-shaped cross section, or a cross section of a different shape without imposing restrictions. The elongated elements of adjacent layers of elements 202 may have the same thickness or different thickness. This condition is not limiting. The elongated elements of adjacent layers of elements 202 may have the same cross-sectional area as shown in FIG. 2. The elongated elements of adjacent layers of elements 202 may have a different cross-sectional area (not shown). The elongated elements of one layer of elements may have a different width (not shown) or the same width as shown in FIG. 2. The layer of elements 202 is formed by a plurality of elongated elements oriented in the same direction at the same distance from each other to form a plurality of identical air channels as shown in FIG. 2. The layer of elements 202 may be formed by a set of elongated elements oriented in the same direction at different distances from each other with the formation of a plurality of air channels of different volume (Fig. 3)

The various combination of materials, shapes, sizes, the number of layers, the number of elements, the distance between the elements of the layer of elements 202 is primarily aimed at further increasing the thermal properties of the inventive building panel.

Also additionally on one of the inner surfaces of the air channels can be placed reflective insulating material. Reflective thermal insulation material can be placed on several internal surfaces of the air ducts. As such material can be used, for example, foil, mounted on one or more internal surfaces of the air channel. In particular, on the surface of the continuous layer 201 and / or the lateral surfaces of the elements of the layer of elements 202. In a note of table 7 in SP 23-101-2004 (“Code of rules for design and construction. Design of thermal protection of buildings.”), It is written that the presence of heat-reflecting aluminum foil on one or both surfaces of the air gap should be doubled in thermal resistance. That is, the use of a reflective surface is directly related to an increase in reduced heat transfer resistance, therefore, affects the improvement of thermal properties.

Similarly, a film material may be placed on one or more internal surfaces of the air channels. As such material can be used, for example, polyethylene, mounted on one or more internal surfaces of the air channel. In particular, on the surface of the continuous layer 201 and / or lateral surfaces of the elements of the layer of elements 202. Film material is necessary to reduce vapor permeation and air penetration of the building panel, since the penetration of cold air or over-wetting of enclosing structures causes an increase in heat loss. Consequently, its presence improves the thermal properties of the building panel. In paragraph 8.1. SP 50.13330.2012 “Code of Practice. Thermal protection of buildings. ”It is written:“ Protection against waterlogging of enclosing structures should be provided by designing enclosing structures with resistance to vapor penetration ... ”.

The elongated element of the layer of elements may have through holes (not shown). For example, in a plane parallel to the continuous layers of a building panel and through holes are connected with adjacent air channels separated by a specified elongated element. And / or, for example, the through holes can be made in the plane perpendicular to the continuous layers of the building panel and the through holes can create air compartments inside the elongated elements to further reduce the thermal conductivity of the building panel. Through holes can represent, for example, perforation, and provide additional circulation of air masses between the air channels through the elongated elements of the layer elements. It is possible to combine elongated elements with through holes and without them within the same or different layers of elements. Through holes reduce the area of heat-conducting inclusion, therefore, the reduced resistance to heat transfer increases, which means that the thermal performance is improved.

An elongated element of the element layer may have one or several slots. What reduces the area of heat-conducting inclusion, therefore, reduces the reduced resistance to heat transfer, and hence improves thermal properties.

The elongated element of the layer of elements can be formed from parts arranged in series at a distance from each other, with the formation of additional air channels 305 (Fig. 3), in the interval between the parts of the elongated element and continuous layers. What reduces the area of heat-conducting inclusion, therefore, reduces the reduced resistance to heat transfer, and hence improves thermal properties.

Heat-insulating material, for example, basalt wool, may be placed in the air ducts.

FIG. 3 shows an example of a possible implementation of the inventive construction panel comprising 5 continuous layers 301 alternating with 4 layers of elements 302 (3021, 3022, 3023, 3024). The layer of elements 3021 is adjacent to the layer of element 3022, and the layer of elements 3022 is adjacent to the layer of elements 3023, and the layer of elements 3023 is adjacent to the layer of elements 3024. The layers of elements 302 consist of elongated elements 303 oriented in the same direction at a distance from each other. each other to form a plurality of air channels 304 bounded by elongated elements 303 and continuous layers 301. Elongated elements 303 of a layer of elements 302 are formed from portions 30341 and 30342 arranged in series at a distance from each other, with by setting up an additional air channel 305, between the parts of the elongated element 30341, 30342 and continuous layers 301.

Obviously, this illustrative example is not limiting, it is possible to make a layer of elements 302 in such a way that a part of the elongated elements can be made solid without an air channel 305, and a part of the elongated elements can be formed from two or more parts as shown in Figure 3 ( positions 30341 and 30342). In this case, the distance between the parts of the elongated element 30341 and 30342 may be maintained or vary within the same layer of elements 302, and within the various layers of elements 302 (3021, 3022, 3023, 3024) of the building panel.

The introduction of an additional air channel 305 reduces the area of heat-conducting inclusion, therefore, the reduced resistance to heat transfer increases, which means that the heat-engineering properties are improved.

Production of a building panel can be carried out, for example, similarly to a method known from the closest prior art. Namely, by connecting the structural elements (continuous layers and layers of elements) by means of adhesive composition. Alternatively or additionally, the connection of all or some of the structural elements may be effected by means of fasteners. For example, nails, screws, rivets, etc. without any restrictions.

The installation of a reflective heat-insulating material and / or a film material can also be carried out by means of adhesive composition or fasteners.

Technological operations associated with the manufacture of a building panel are obvious to a specialist and can be performed manually or at least partially using various technical means currently known.

  This panel can perform both enclosing and supporting functions. To achieve a different purpose, the proposed construction panel may have a different shape, size, location, number of layers. Layers can be made of various materials. Heat-reflecting or film materials can be placed on the inner surfaces of the air ducts, and heat-insulating material can be placed in the air ducts themselves. The presented improvements are aimed at improving the thermal performance of the building panel.

The illustrative embodiments, examples and description presented are merely to provide an understanding of the proposed technical solutions and are not restrictive. Other possible options for implementation will be clear to the specialist from the description. The scope of this utility model is limited only by the attached utility model.

Claims (29)

1. A construction panel containing alternating continuous layers and layers of elements interconnected, a layer of elements formed by a set of elongated elements oriented in the same direction at a distance from each other with the formation of air channels limited by elongated elements and continuous layers, characterized in that adjacent layers of elements elongated elements are spaced apart from each other so that their projections do not intersect on the plane of a continuous layer located between adjacent layers of elements. 2. The construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains n + 1 continuous layers and n layers of elements, where n is any integer greater than or equal to 2. 3. Construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the continuous layers and layers of elements are made of the same material. 4. The construction panel according to claim 3, characterized in that the continuous layers and layers of elements are made of plywood. 5. Construction panel according to claim 3, characterized in that the continuous layers and layers of elements are made of veneer. 6. The construction panel according to claim 3, characterized in that the continuous layers and layers of elements are made of DSP (cement-bonded chipboard). 7. Construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the continuous layers and layers of elements are made of various materials. 8. Construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the elongated elements have the shape of a parallelepiped. 9. The construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the elongated elements have a shape different from the parallelepiped. 10. Construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the elongated elements of adjacent layers of elements have the same thickness. 11. Construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the elongated elements of adjacent layers of elements have different thickness. 12. Construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the elongated elements of adjacent layers of elements have the same cross-sectional area. 13. The construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the elongated elements of adjacent layers of elements have a different cross-sectional area. 14. The construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the elongated elements of one layer of elements have different widths. 15. The construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the elongated elements of one layer of elements have the same width. 16. Construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the elongated elements of adjacent layers of elements have the same width. 17. The construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the elongated elements of adjacent layers of elements have different widths. 18. The construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer of elements is formed by a set of elongated elements oriented in the same direction at the same distance from each other with the formation of the same air channels. 19. The construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer of elements is formed by a set of elongated elements oriented in the same direction at different distances from each other with the formation of air channels of different volume. 20. The construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the joining of alternating layers is made by means of an adhesive composition. 21. The construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of alternating layers is carried out by means of fasteners. 22. The construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that a reflective insulating material is placed on one of the inner surfaces of the air channels. 23. The construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that a reflective heat-insulating material is placed on several internal surfaces of the air channels. 24. Construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that a film material is placed on one of the inner surfaces of the air channels. 25. The construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that a film material is placed on several internal surfaces of the air channels. 26. Construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating material is placed in the air ducts. 27. Construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the elongated element of the layer of elements has through holes. 28. The construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the elongated element of the element layer has a groove in a plane parallel to the continuous layers of the construction panel. 29. The construction panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the elongated element of the element layer is formed from parts arranged in series at a distance from each other, with the formation of an additional air channel, in the gap between the parts of the elongated element and continuous layers.

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