WO2008113222A1 - Batterie rechargeable nickel-hydrogène - Google Patents

Batterie rechargeable nickel-hydrogène Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008113222A1
WO2008113222A1 PCT/CN2007/001804 CN2007001804W WO2008113222A1 WO 2008113222 A1 WO2008113222 A1 WO 2008113222A1 CN 2007001804 W CN2007001804 W CN 2007001804W WO 2008113222 A1 WO2008113222 A1 WO 2008113222A1
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Prior art keywords
weight
parts
nickel
battery
positive electrode
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PCT/CN2007/001804
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Xuefeng Gao
Shi Liao
Xun Xie
Yanqiu Yang
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Lexel Battery (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.
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Publication of WO2008113222A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008113222A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/24Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/24Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
    • H01M4/32Nickel oxide or hydroxide electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/364Composites as mixtures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rechargeable battery, and more particularly to a nickel-metal hydride secondary rechargeable battery. Background technique
  • nickel-metal hydride rechargeable batteries are more versatile than those widely used disposable zinc-manganese batteries. Because they can be recycled, zinc-manganese batteries can only be used once, which has great advantages in environmental protection and resources.
  • nickel-hydrogen rechargeable batteries currently have a relatively large disadvantage: the monthly self-discharge rate during battery storage is as high as 30-40%, the annual capacity retention rate is only below 20%, and the annual capacity retention rate of primary zinc-manganese batteries is generally 80%. Above, therefore, in order to fully exert its function, a nickel-hydrogen rechargeable battery must solve the problem of large self-discharge.
  • China Patent Licensing Bulletin No. CN2798320Y "The electrode core of an alkaline secondary battery and an alkaline secondary battery containing the same” proposes to increase the number of diaphragm layers between the positive and negative electrodes from one layer to two or more layers, thereby effectively preventing The diaphragm is pierced, reducing the short circuit rate of the battery and reducing the self-discharge rate.
  • China Patent Licensing Bulletin No. CN1244177C Alkaline Battery” proposes to add a complexing agent which can form a coordination compound with manganese and does not contain nitrogen in the electrolyte, inhibits the precipitation of manganese on the separator after dissolution, and prevents the decomposition of the complexing agent.
  • China Patent Licensing No. CN1217436C Nickel-Hydrogen Battery proposes to add a complexing agent which can form a complex with aluminum in the negative electrode to suppress the precipitation of aluminum ions in the positive electrode, thereby reducing self-discharge.
  • the monthly capacity retention rate of the battery can be increased from 60% to 75-80%, but its annual capacity retention rate is still below 20%, which is still far from the zinc-manganese battery.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a nickel-hydrogen rechargeable battery, and the technical problem to be solved is to reduce the problem of large self-discharge during storage of a nickel-hydrogen battery.
  • a nickel-hydrogen rechargeable battery comprising a positive electrode, a separator, an electrolyte and a negative electrode, wherein the electrolyte contains a KOH solution, and the positive electrode contains titanium, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum, calcium or lanthanum. At least one of the oxide or hydroxide of the element is present in an amount of from 0.1 to 10% by mass based on the total mass of the positive electrode active material.
  • the electrolyte of the present invention contains a NaOH solution.
  • the mass of NaOH in the electrolyte of the present invention accounts for 30-100% of the total mass of NaOH and KOH.
  • the electrolyte of the present invention contains LiOH.
  • the electrolyte of the present invention has a LiOH content of more than 0-3 mol/L.
  • the total content of NaOH and KOH in the electrolytic solution of the present invention is 6-15 mol/L.
  • a nickel-hydrogen rechargeable battery comprising a positive electrode, a separator, an electrolyte and a negative electrode, wherein the electrolyte contains a KOH solution, and the electrolyte contains a NaOH solution.
  • the mass of NaOH in the electrolyte of the present invention accounts for 30-100% of the total mass of NaOH and KOH.
  • the LiOH content in the electrolyte of the present invention is greater than 0-3 mol/L.
  • the total content of NaOH and KOH in the electrolytic solution of the present invention is 6-15 mol/L.
  • the positive electrode of the battery contains an oxide or hydroxide of titanium, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum, calcium or lanthanum, and the monthly capacity retention rate of the battery is increased to over 90%, and the annual capacity is increased.
  • the retention rate is over 80%, and it has excellent self-discharge performance and high capacity retention.
  • the self-discharge of nickel-metal hydride batteries during storage is generally thought to be caused mainly by nitrogen-containing impurity ions such as nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia, which are caused by the following shuttle reactions between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the nickel-hydrogen rechargeable battery of the present invention reduces self-discharge by taking various measures for the respective components of the battery for the cause of the self-discharge described above, and finally makes the battery have a high capacity retention rate.
  • NiOOH nickel oxyhydroxide
  • at least one of oxides or hydroxides of titanium, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum, calcium or cerium is added or co-deposited. 1-10% ⁇ The mass ratio of the total positive active material is 0. 1-10%.
  • the traditional nickel-hydrogen battery electrolyte is K0H-based, adding LiOH alkaline solution.
  • the preparation method of the nickel-hydrogen rechargeable battery of the present invention is carried out as follows:
  • the electrode substrate is foamed nickel, punched nickel-plated steel strip, punched nickel strip, punched copper strip, copper mesh, foamed copper or foamed brass, dried, rolled and slit, obtained Negative electrode plate.
  • the positive electrode plate, the polyolefin separator, and the negative electrode plate are wound to obtain an electrode core.
  • the preparation of the negative electrode sheet Weigh 100 parts by weight of AB 5 type alloy powder, 1 part by weight of conductive carbon black, 1 part by weight of PTFE dispersion (solid content: 60%), 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose dispersion (containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose), 20 parts by weight of water mixed and stirred into a paste slurry, coated on punched plating On the nickel steel strip, drying, rolling, and cutting were carried out to obtain a negative electrode sheet F1 having a size of 115 mm X 40 mm X 0.34 mm, wherein the alloy powder content was 9 g. 3.
  • Electrode Core The prepared positive electrode tab Z1, negative electrode tab F1 and polyolefin separator were wound into a spiral-shaped electrode core. 4. Assembly of the battery: The prepared electrode core is placed in a cylindrical battery case open at one end, and 2.5 g of an electrolyte is added, wherein the LiOH content is 1 mol/L, the K0H content is 7 mol/L, and the seal is made into an AA of 1800 mAh. Type A nickel-hydrogen test battery A.
  • Example 1 Preparation of Positive Electrode Piece: 100 parts by weight of spherical Ni(0H) 2 , 5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 0.1 part by weight of Ti0 2 , and 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose dispersion (containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersion (60% solids content), 20 parts by weight of water are mixed and stirred into a paste slurry, and the slurry is filled into the areal density. 300 g/m2, one side is welded with a nickel-like strip-shaped drain terminal, and then dried, rolled, and cut to obtain a positive electrode piece having a size of 80 mm X 40 mm X 0.85 mm. , wherein the content of pure spherical 1 ⁇ ((3 ⁇ 4) 2 is 7.5 g. Others are the same as in the case of the test battery A. Finally, an AA-type nickel-hydrogen battery D1 was obtained.
  • Example 2 Preparation of positive electrode tab: 100 parts by weight of spherical M(0H) 2, 5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 5 parts by weight of Ti0 2 , 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose dispersion (containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersion (60% solids content), 20 parts by weight of water are mixed and stirred into a paste slurry, and the slurry is filled into the areal density. 300 g / m2, one side is welded with nickel-like strip-shaped drain terminal foam nickel, and then dried, rolled, and cut to obtain a positive pole piece of size 80 mm X 40 mm X 0.85 mm. Among them, the spherical shape (0 2 content was 7.5 g. Others were the same as in the case of the test battery A. Finally, an AA-type nickel-hydrogen battery D2 was obtained.
  • Example 3 Preparation of positive electrode tab: 100 parts by weight of spherical Ni(0H) 2 , 5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 10 parts by weight of Ti0 2 , 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose dispersion (containing 1% carboxymethyl Cellulose), 1 part by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersion (60% solids content), 20 parts by weight of water are mixed and stirred into a paste slurry, and the slurry is filled into an areal density of 300 g/m 2
  • a nickel-plated strip-shaped drain terminal is welded to one side of the foam, and then dried, rolled, and cut to obtain a positive electrode piece having a size of 80 mm X 40 mm X 0.85 mm, wherein the spherical shape (( The content of 3 ⁇ 4) 2 was 7.5 g. Others were the same as in the case of the test battery A. Finally, an AA-type nickel-hydrogen battery D3 was obtained.
  • Example 4 Preparation of positive electrode tab: 100 parts by weight of spherical Ni(0H) 2 , 5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 5 parts by weight of Y 2 0 3 , 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose dispersion (containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersion (60% solids content), 20 parts by weight of water are mixed and stirred into a paste slurry, and the slurry is filled.
  • the surface density is 300 g/m2
  • the nickel foam strip-shaped drain terminal is soldered on one side, and then dried, rolled, and cut to obtain a positive electrode having a size of 80 mm X 40 mm X 0.85 mm.
  • a sheet in which the content of pure spherical Ni(0H) 2 is 7.5 g.
  • the other cases are the same as in the case of the test battery A.
  • an AA type nickel hydrogen battery D4 was produced.
  • Example 5 Preparation of positive electrode tab: 100 parts by weight of spherical Ni(0H) 2 , 5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 5 parts by weight of Er 2 0 3 , 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose dispersion (containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersion (60% solids content), 20 parts by weight of water are mixed and stirred into a paste slurry, and the paddle is filled.
  • the surface density is 300 g/m2, and the side is soldered with nickel-like strip-shaped drain terminal, and then dried, rolled, and cut to obtain a positive electrode having a size of 80 mm X 40 mm X 0.85 mm.
  • the pole piece, wherein the content of the pure spherical (0 ⁇ 1) 2 is 7.5 g.
  • the other cases are the same as in the case of the test battery A.
  • an AA-type nickel-hydrogen battery D5 was produced.
  • Example 6 Preparation of Positive Electrode Piece: 100 parts by weight of spherical Ni(0H) 2 , 5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 5 parts by weight of Tm 2 0 3 , 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose dispersion (containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersion (60% solids content), 20 parts by weight of water are mixed and stirred into a paste slurry, and the slurry is filled.
  • the surface density is 300 g/m2, welded on one side
  • the foamed nickel of the strip-shaped drain terminal of nickel it is then dried, rolled, and cut to obtain a positive electrode piece having a size of 80 mm X 40 mm X 0.85 mm, wherein the content of pure spherical Ni(0H) 2 is obtained. It is 7.5 grams.
  • the other cases are the same as in the case of the test battery A.
  • an M-type nickel-hydrogen battery D6 was produced.
  • Example 7 Preparation of Positive Electrode Piece: 100 parts by weight of spherical Ni(0H) 2 , 5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 5 parts by weight of Yb 2 0 3 , 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose dispersion (containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersion (60% solids content), 20 parts by weight of water are mixed and stirred into a paste slurry, and the slurry is filled.
  • the surface density is 300 g/m2, and the side is welded with a nickel-like strip-shaped drain terminal in a foamed nickel, which is then dried, rolled, and cut to obtain a size of 80 mm X 40 mm X 0.85 mm.
  • the positive electrode tab wherein the content of the pure spherical (011) 2 was 7.5 g.
  • the other cases are the same as in the case of the test battery A.
  • an AA-type nickel-hydrogen battery D7
  • Example 8 Preparation of Positive Electrode Piece: 100 parts by weight of spherical Ni(0H) 2 , 5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 5 parts by weight of Lu 2 0 3 , 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose dispersion (containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersion (60% solids content), 20 parts by weight of water are mixed and stirred into a paste slurry, and the slurry is filled.
  • the surface density is 300 g/m2, and the side is soldered with nickel-like strip-shaped drain terminal, and then dried, rolled, and cut to obtain a positive electrode having a size of 80 mm X 40 mm X 0.85 mm.
  • Example 9 Preparation of Positive Electrode Piece: 100 parts by weight of spherical Ni(0H) 2 , 5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 5 parts by weight of Ca0, 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose dispersion (containing 1 % carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersion (60% solids content), 20 parts by weight of water are mixed and stirred into a paste slurry, and the slurry is filled into the areal density. 300 g / m 2 , one side is welded with nickel strip-shaped drain terminal in the foam nickel, and then dried, rolled, and cut to obtain a positive pole piece of size 80 mm X 40 mm X 0.85 mm. The content of pure spherical Ni(0H) 2 was 7.5 g. Its It is the same as in the case of the test battery A. Finally, an AA-type nickel-hydrogen battery D9 was produced.
  • Example 10 Preparation of Positive Electrode Piece: 100 parts by weight of spherical Ni(0H) 2 , 5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 5 parts by weight of Ba0, 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose dispersion (containing 1 % carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersion (60% solids content), 20 parts by weight of water are mixed and stirred into a paste slurry, and the slurry is filled into the areal density.
  • Example 11 Preparation of Positive Electrode Piece: 100 parts by weight of spherical Ni(0H) 2 , 5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 5 parts by weight of Ti(0H) 4 , and 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose were dispersed. Liquid (containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersion (60% solids content), 20 parts by weight of water are mixed and stirred into a paste slurry, and the slurry is filled. The inlet density is 300 g/m2, and the side is spliced with nickel-like strip-shaped drain terminal, and then dried, rolled, and cut to obtain a size of 80 mm X 40 mm X 0.85 mm. The positive electrode tab, wherein the content of pure spherical Ni(0H) 2 is 7.5 g. The other cases are the same as in the case of the test battery A. Finally, an AA-type nickel-hydrogen battery D11 was produced.
  • Example 12 Preparation of positive electrode tab: 100 parts by weight of spherical Ni(0H), 5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 5 parts by weight of Y(0H) 3 , 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose dispersion (containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersion (60% solids content), 20 parts by weight of water are mixed and stirred into a paste slurry, and the slurry is filled.
  • the surface density is 300 g/m2, and the side is soldered with nickel-like strip-shaped drain terminal, and then dried, rolled, and cut to obtain a positive electrode having a size of 80 mm X 40 mm X 0.85 mm.
  • the pole piece, in which the content of pure spherical ((3 ⁇ 4) 2 was 7.5 g. Others were the same as in the case of the test battery A. Finally, the AA type nickel hydrogen battery D12 was obtained.
  • Example 13 Preparation of Positive Electrode Piece: 100 parts by weight of spherical Ni (0H, 5 parts by weight of oxygen) Cobalt, 5 parts by weight of Er(0H) 3 , 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose dispersion (containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersion (solid 20% by weight, 20 parts by weight of water is mixed and stirred into a paste slurry, and the paddle is filled into foamed nickel having an areal density of 300 g/m 2 and a nickel strip-shaped drain terminal welded to one side.
  • Example 14 Preparation of Positive Electrode Piece: 100 parts by weight of spherical Ni(0H) 2 , 5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 5 parts by weight of Tm(0H) 3 , 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose dispersed Liquid (containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersion (60% solids content), 20 parts by weight of water are mixed and stirred into a paste slurry, and the slurry is filled The inlet density is 300 g/m2, and the side is welded with the nickel-shaped strip-shaped drain terminal, and then dried, rolled, and cut to obtain a size of 80 mm X 40 mm X 0.85 mm.
  • the positive electrode tab in which the content of pure spherical ((3 ⁇ 4) 2 was 7.5 g. Others were the same as in the case of the test battery A. Finally, an AA-type nickel-hydrogen battery D14 was obtained.
  • Example 15 Preparation of Positive Electrode Piece: 100 parts by weight of spherical Ni(0H) 2 , 5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 5 parts by weight of Yb(0H) 3 , 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose dispersed Liquid (containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersion (60% solids content), 20 parts by weight of water are mixed and stirred into a paste slurry, and the slurry is filled The inlet density is 300 g/m2, and the side is welded with the nickel-shaped strip-shaped drain terminal, and then dried, rolled, and cut to obtain a size of 80 mm X 40 mm X 0.85 mm.
  • the positive electrode tab wherein the content of the pure spherical Ni(OH) 2 was 7.5 g. The other cases are the same as in the case of the test battery A. Finally, an AA-type nickel-hydrogen battery D15 was produced.
  • Example 16 Preparation of Positive Electrode Piece: 100 parts by weight of spherical Ni(0H) 2 , 5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 5 parts by weight of Lu(0H) 3 , 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose Liquid (containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersion (60% solids), 20 parts by weight
  • the water is mixed and stirred into a paste slurry, and the slurry is filled into a foamed nickel having an areal density of 300 g/m 2 and welded with a nickel strip-shaped drain terminal on one side, and then dried, rolled, and cut.
  • the positive electrode piece having a size of 80 mm X 40 mm X 0.85 mm was obtained, and the spherical shape was pure spherical (the content of 0 2 was 7.5 g. Others were the same as in the case of the test battery A. Finally, the AA type nickel hydrogen battery D16 was finally obtained. .
  • Example 17 Preparation of Positive Electrode Piece: 100 parts by weight of spherical Ni(0H) 2 , 5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 5 parts by weight of Ca(0H) 2 , and 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose were dispersed. Liquid (containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersion (60% solids content), 20 parts by weight of water are mixed and stirred into a paste slurry, and the slurry is filled. The inlet density is 300 g/m2, and the side is welded with the nickel-shaped strip-shaped drain terminal, and then dried, rolled, and cut to obtain a size of 80 mm X 40 mm X 0.85 mm. The positive electrode tab, in which the content of pure spherical ((3 ⁇ 4) 2 was 7.5 g. Others were the same as in the case of the test battery A. Finally, an AA-type nickel-hydrogen battery D17 was obtained.
  • Example 18 Preparation of positive electrode tab: 100 parts by weight of spherical Ni(0H) 2 , 5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 5 parts by weight of Ba(0H) 2 , 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose dispersion (containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersion (60% solids content), 20 parts by weight of water are mixed and stirred into a paste slurry, and the slurry is filled.
  • the surface density is 300 g/m2, and the side is soldered with nickel-like strip-shaped drain terminal, and then dried, rolled, and cut to obtain a positive electrode having a size of 80 mm X 40 mm X 0.85 mm.
  • Example 19 Preparation of positive electrode tab: 100 parts by weight of spherical Ni(0H) 2 , 5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 1 part by weight of Ti (0H) consider 1 part by weight of Y 2 0 :i , 5 parts A weight of carboxymethylcellulose dispersion (containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part by weight of a polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersion (60% solids content), 20 parts by weight of water mixed and stirred into a paste The slurry is filled into a foamed nickel having an areal density of 300 g/m 2 and welded with a nickel strip-shaped drain terminal on one side, and then dried, rolled, and cut to obtain a ruler.
  • Example 20 Preparation of positive electrode tab: 100 parts by weight of spherical Ni(0H) 2 , 5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 1 part by weight of Ti(OH) 4 , 1 part by weight of Y 2 0 3 , 1 part Weight of Er 2 0 3 , 1 part by weight of Ca(OH) 2 , 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose dispersion (containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersed The liquid (solid content is 60%), 20 parts by weight of water is mixed and stirred into a paste slurry, and the slurry is filled into a foamed nickel having an areal density of 300 g/m 2 and a nickel strip-shaped drain terminal welded to one side.
  • the content of the pure spherical Ni (OH) 2 is 7. 5 grams.
  • the content of the pure spherical Ni (OH) 2 is 7. 5 grams.
  • the other cases are the same as in the case of the test battery A.
  • an AA type nickel hydrogen battery D20 was produced.
  • Example 21 Preparation of positive electrode tab: 100 parts by weight of spherical Ni (0H) 2, 5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 1 part by weight of Ti (0H) 4 , 1 part by weight of Y 2 0 3 , 1 part Weight of Er 2 0 3 , 1 part by weight of Tm 2 0 3 , 1 part by weight of C a (0H) 2 , 1 part by weight of Ba(0H) 2 , 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose dispersion (containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersion (60% solids content), 20 parts by weight of water are mixed and stirred into a paste slurry, and the slurry is filled into the areal density.
  • spherical Ni (0H) 2 100 parts by weight of spherical Ni (0H) 2, 5 parts by weight of cobalt oxide, 1 part by weight of Ti (0H) 4 , 1 part by weight of Y 2 0 3 , 1 part Weight
  • the NaOH content is 30% of the total mass of NaOH and K0H, and the test and battery A are the same. the same. Finally, an AA type nickel hydrogen battery D22 was obtained.
  • Example 2 in the electrolyte, LiOH content is 1mol / L, K0H content is 1mol / L, NaOH content is 10mol / L, at this time NaOH mass accounted for 87.7% of the total mass of NaOH and K0H, other and test The case of the test battery A is the same. Finally, an AA-type nickel-hydrogen battery D23 was produced.
  • Example 24 In the electrolytic solution, the LiOH content was 3 mol/L, the NaOH content was 15 mol/L, and the mass of NaOH accounted for 100% of the total mass of NaOH and K0H. The other conditions were the same as those of the test battery A. AA type NiMH battery D24 was finally produced.
  • Example 25 was prepared the positive electrode sheets Example: (0H) 2 alkylene cobalt oxide, 5 parts by weight of 100 parts by weight of zinc 2% (relative to the content of spherical Ni (OH) 2 by weight) of spherical Ni, 10 parts by weight of Ti0 2 , 5 parts by weight of carboxymethylcellulose dispersion (containing 1% carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE dispersion (60% solids), 20 parts by weight of water The mixture is stirred and mixed into a paste slurry, and the slurry is filled into a foamed nickel having an areal density of 300 g/m 2 and welded with a nickel strip-shaped drain terminal on one side, and then dried, rolled, and cut.
  • Example: (0H) 2 alkylene cobalt oxide 5 parts by weight of 100 parts by weight of zinc 2% (relative to the content of spherical Ni (OH) 2 by weight) of spherical Ni, 10 parts by weight of
  • a positive electrode piece having a size of 80 mm X 40 mm X 0. 85 mm was prepared, and it was recorded as Z1, wherein it was a pure spherical shape (0 2 content was 7.5 g.
  • LiOH content was 3 mol/L
  • NaOH content The mass of NaOH is 100% of the total mass of NaOH and K0H, which is 15 mol/L.
  • the other conditions are the same as those of the test battery A.
  • an AA-type nickel-hydrogen battery D25 was obtained.
  • the battery was charged at 0. 1C for 16 hours, allowed to stand for 30 minutes, and 0. 2C discharged to 1. 0V o.
  • the battery is charged at 0. 1C for 16 hours, left to stand for 30 minutes, and 0. 2C is discharged to 1.0 V.
  • Example D25 using externally added or co-deposited oxides or hydroxides of titanium, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum, calcium or cerium, the electrolyte is an alkali solution added with LiOH, and NaOH accounts for the total mass of K0H and NaOH.
  • the ratio is more than 30%, the self-discharge of the battery is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example A, and therefore the nickel-hydrogen low self-discharge battery provided by the present invention has excellent self-discharge performance and high annual capacity retention.
  • the outermost two electron layers of ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ have a strong shielding effect on the 4f orbital. Although the number of electrons in the 4f energy level is different, their chemical properties are little affected by the 4f electron number, so their chemistry The nature is very similar. Titanium, tantalum, niobium, tantalum, niobium, tantalum, calcium and niobium have the same number of outermost electrons, and their electronegativity is around 1.0, so the oxides of these elements are oxides or hydroxides. The nature is very similar.
  • oxides or hydroxides of the above two, three or more elements are present at the same time, they do not react with each other, that is, they do not change their respective chemical properties, and do not affect the self-discharge rate of each substance. effect. Therefore, it is suitable to add two or more kinds of oxides or hydroxides of titanium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum, cerium, calcium or lanthanum.
  • Table 1 Battery performance test results of the examples of the present invention The main difference between the battery embodiment and the comparative example, the first month capacity retention rate, the annual capacity retention rate
  • D19 is prepared by adding 1 part by weight of Ti(OH) 4 and 1 part by weight of bismuth 83.2% 72.4%.
  • the preparation of the positive electrode sheet is added with 1 part by weight of Ti(OH)., 1 part by weight. 0 3 ,
  • the KOH content is 3.75mol/L, and the NaOH content is 2.25raol/L.
  • the LiOH content is lmol/L
  • the K0H content is lmol/L
  • the NaOH content is
  • the D25 NaOH content is 15mol/L, and the NaOH content accounts for 92.1% of the total mass of NaOH and KOH.

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Description

镍氢充电电池 技术领域
本发明涉及一种可充电电池, 特别是一种镍一金属氢化物二次充电电池。 背景技术
目前镍氢充电电池与广泛使用的一次性锌锰电池相比较, 由于可以循环使 用, 锌锰电池只能使用一次, 在环保和资源方面有较大优势。 但镍氢充电电池 目前存在一个比较大的缺点: 电池储存过程中每月自放电率高达 30-40%, 年容 量保留率仅为 20% 以下, 一次锌锰电池年容量保留率一般在 80% 以上, 因此镍 氢充电电池要充分发挥其作用, 就必须解决本身自放电大的问题。
中国专利授权公告号 CN2798320Y "碱性二次电池的电极芯及含有该电极芯 的碱性二次电池", 提出将正负极间的隔膜层数由一层增加到两层以上, 从而有 效防止隔膜被刺穿, 降低电池的短路率, 降低自放电率。 中国专利授权公告号 CN1244177C "碱性蓄电池"提出在电解液中添加了可以与锰形成配位化合物并 且不含氮的配位剂, 抑制锰溶出后在隔膜上的析出, 同时防止配位剂分解成为' 杂质离子, 从而抑制自放电的发生提高容量保留率。 中国专利授权公告号 CN1217436C "镍 -氢蓄电池"提出在负极中添加了可以与铝形成络合物的络合 剂, 抑制铝离子在正极析出, 从而降低自放电。 采用上述办法可以将电池月容 量保留率由 60%提高到 75-80%, 但其年容量保留率仍然在 20% 以下, 与锌锰 电池相比还是相差很远。
因此, 我们对镍氢电池的自放电机理进行了进一步研究, 发现羟基氧化镍 NiOOH 的自分解及氢从负极贮氢合金中脱附扩散到正极造成羟基氧化镍 NiOOH 的还原是造成镍氢电池长期储存容量保留率低的原因, 我们针对上述原因提出 了新的降低自放电的方法, 可以使电池的月容量保留率提高到 90 %以上, 年容 量保留率达到 80%以上。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种镍氢充电电池, 要解决的技术问题是降低镍氢电 池储存过程中自放电大的问题。
本发明采用以下技术方案: 一种镍氢充电电池, 包括正极、 隔膜、 电解液 和负极, 电解液中含 KOH溶液, 所述正极含有钛、 钇、 铒、 铥、 镱、 镥、 钙或 钡元素的氧化物或氢氧化物中的至少一种, 其含量占整个正极活性材料的质量 比为 0.1-10% 。
本发明的电解液中含有 NaOH溶液。
本发明电解液中 NaOH 的质量占 NaOH与 KOH 的总质量的 30-100%。 本发明的电解液中含有 LiOH。
本发明的电解液中 LiOH含量大于 0-3 摩尔 /L 。
本发明的电解液中 NaOH与 KOH 的总含量为 6-15 摩尔 /L。
一种镍氢充电电池, 包括正极、 隔膜、 电解液和负极, 电解液中含 KOH溶 液, 所述电解液中含有 NaOH溶液。
本发明电解液中 NaOH 的质量占 NaOH与 KOH 的总质量的 30-100%。 本发明电解液中 LiOH含量大于 0-3 摩尔 /L 。
本发明的电解液中 NaOH与 KOH的总含量为 6-15 摩尔 /L。
本发明与现有技术相比, 电池正极含有钛、 钇、 铒、 铥、 镱、 镥、 钙或钡 元素的氧化物或氢氧化物, 电池的月容量保留率提高到 90 %以上, 年容量保留 率达到 80%以上, 具有优异的自放电性能而具有高容量保留率。 具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
镍氢电池在储存过程中的自放电通常被人们认为主要是含氮的杂质离子 如: 硝酸根、 亚硝酸根、 氨, 在正负极间进行的下列梭式反应造成。
2Ni00H+N02~+ ¾0 二 2Ni (0H) 2+N03~
Ν¾· H20 +6Ni00H+0H"= 6Ni (OH) 2+ N02
2MH+ N03~= 2M+ N02— + H20
因此, 目前人们多从减少原料杂质和在电池中加入氨俘获材料来减少电池 自放电。 但是, 申请人通过对镍氢电池的自放电机理进行了进一步研究, 发现 羟基氧化镍 NiOOH 的自分解, 以及氢从负极贮氢合金中脱附扩散到正极, 造成 羟基氧化镍 NiOOH 的还原, 是造成镍氢电池长期放置过程中储存容量保留率低 的重要原因。
1.羟基氧化镍 NiOOH 的自分解反应:
4Ni00H+2H20 二 4Ni (OH) 2 +02
2. 氢从负极贮氢合金中脱附并扩散到正极, 造成正极羟基氧化镍 NiOOH 的还原反应:
MH+匪: 2M+H2 t
H2+2 NiOOH 二 2Ni (OH)
因此, 本发明的镍氢充电电池针对上述引起自放电的原因, 通过对电池的 各个组成部分采取了不同措施来降低自放电, 最终使该电池具有高容量保留率。
1、 为抑制羟基氧化镍 NiOOH 的自分解, 釆用外添加或共沉积钛、 钇、 铒、 铥、 镱、 镥、 钙或钡元素的氧化物或氢氧化物的至少一种,这些添加剂含量占整 个正极活性材料的质量比为 0. 1-10 %。 2、 传统的镍氢电池电解液是以 K0H 为主, 添加 LiOH 的碱溶液, 虽然中 国专利公幵号 CN1442925申请文件指出添加 NaOH取代部分 K0H可以提高电池 的贮存性能, 但 NaOH 占 K0H 与 NaOH 的总质量比都在 30% 以下。 我们发现 当 NaOH 占 K0H 与 NaOH 的总质量比在 30% 以上时, 可以明显提高镍氢电池 的年容量保留率, 分析为钠离子的存在可以抑制氢从负极贮氢合金中脱附或抑 制氢对正极羟基氧化镍 NiOOH的还原。
本发明的镍氢充电电池的制备方法按下列步骤进行:
一、 在球形 Ni (0H) 2 中根据需要添加钴的氢氧化物, 以及钛、 钇、 铒、 铥、 镱、 镥、 钙或钡元素的氧化物或氢氧化物的至少一种, 并加入适量粘结剂混合 均匀后, 涂覆于电极基材泡沬镍上, 干燥, 辊压并分切, 悍接电极极耳,' 加工 二、 将合金粉与粘合剂的浆液涂覆于电极基材上, 电极基材为泡沬镍、 冲 孔镀镍钢带、 冲孔镍带、 冲孔铜带、 铜网、 泡沬铜或泡沬黄铜, 干燥, 辊压并 分切, 得负极极板。
三、 将正极极板、 聚烯烃隔膜、 负极极板, 卷绕制得电极芯。
四、 将电极芯装入电池壳中, 然后注入电解液, 封口即可。
对比例, 一、 正极极片的制备: 将 100份重量的球形 Ni (0H) 2, 5份重量的 氧化亚钴, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液(含有 1 %的羧甲基纤维素), 1份重 量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE分散液(固含量为 60% ), 20份重量的水混合搅拌成糊状 浆料, 将此浆料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧焊接有镍制带状引流端子 的泡沫镍中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺寸为 80毫米 X 40毫米 X 0. 85 毫米的正极极片 Zl, 其中球形 Ni (0H) 2的含量为 7. 5克。 二、 负极极片的制备: 称取 100份重量的 AB5型合金粉, 1份重量的导电碳黑, 1份重量的 PTFE分散液 (固含量为 60% ),5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液(含有 1%的羧甲基纤维素), 20份重量的水混合搅拌成糊状浆料, 涂布于冲孔镀镍钢带上, 烘干、 辊压、 裁 切, 制得尺寸为 115毫米 X 40毫米 X 0.34毫米的负极极片 F1,其中合金粉含 量为 9克。 三、 电极芯的制备: 将制备的正极极片 Zl、 负极极片 F1和聚烯烃隔 膜卷绕成涡卷状的电极芯。 四、 电池的装配: 将制备的电极芯放入一端开口的 圆柱形电池外壳中, 加入电解液 2.5克, 其中 LiOH含量为 lmol/L, K0H含量为 7mol/L, 密封后制成 1800mAh的 AA型镍氢试验用电池 A。
实施例 1, 正极极片的制备: 将 100份重量的球形 Ni(0H)2, 5份重量的氧 化亚钴, 0.1份重量的 Ti02, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液 (含有 1%的羧甲 基纤维素), 1份重量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE分散液 (固含量为 60%), 20份重量 的水混合搅拌成糊状浆料, 将此浆料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧焊接 有镍制带状引流端子的泡沬镍中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺寸为 80毫 米 X 40毫米 X 0.85毫米的正极极片, 其中纯球形1^((¾)2的含量为 7.5克。 其它与试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D1。
实施例 2, 正极极片的制备: 将 100份重量的球形 M(0H) 2, 5份重量的氧 化亚钴, 5份重量的 Ti02, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液 (含有 1%的羧甲基 纤维素), 1份重量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE分散液(固含量为 60%), 20份重量的水 混合搅拌成糊状浆料, 将此浆料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧焊接有镍 制带状引流端子的泡沫镍中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺寸为 80毫米 X 40毫米 X 0.85毫米的正极极片, 其中纯球形 (0 2的含量为7.5克。 其它与 试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D2。
实施例 3, 正极极片的制备: 将 100份重量的球形 Ni(0H)2, 5份重量的氧 化亚钴, 10份重量的 Ti02, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液(含有 1%的羧甲基 纤维素), 1份重量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE分散液(固含量为 60%), 20份重量的水 混合搅拌成糊状浆料, 将此浆料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧焊接有镍 制带状引流端子的泡沬镍中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺寸为 80毫米 X 40毫米 X 0.85毫米的正极极片, 其中纯球形 ((¾)2的含量为7.5克。 其它与 试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D3。
实施例 4, 正极极片的制备: 将 100份重量的球形 Ni(0H)2, 5份重量的氧 化亚钴, 5份重量的 Y203, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液 (含有 1%的羧甲基 纤维素), 1份重量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE分散液(固含量为 60%), 20份重量的水 混合搅拌成糊状桨料, 将此浆料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧焊接有镍 制带状引流端子的泡沫镍中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺寸为 80毫米 X 40毫米 X 0.85毫米的正极极片, 其中纯球形 Ni(0H)2的含量为 7.5克。 其它与 试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D4。
实施例 5, 正极极片的制备: 将 100份重量的球形 Ni(0H)2, 5份重量的氧 化亚钴, 5份重量的 Er203, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液 (含有 1%的羧甲基 纤维素), 1份重量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE分散液(固含量为 60%), 20份重量的水 混合搅拌成糊状浆料, 将此桨料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧焊接有镍 制带状引流端子的泡沬镍中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺寸为 80毫米 X 40毫米 X 0.85毫米的正极极片, 其中纯球形 (0^1)2的含量为7.5克。 其它与 试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D5。
实施例 6, 正极极片的制备: 将 100份重量的球形 Ni(0H)2, 5份重量的氧 化亚钴, 5份重量的 Tm203, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液 (含有 1%的羧甲基 纤维素), 1份重量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE分散液 (固含量为 60%), 20份重量的 水混合搅拌成糊状浆料, 将此浆料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧焊接有 镍制带状引流端子的泡沬镍中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺寸为 80毫米 X 40毫米 X 0.85毫米的正极极片, 其中纯球形 Ni(0H)2的含量为 7.5克。 其 它与试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 M型镍氢电池 D6。
实施例 7, 正极极片的制备: 将 100份重量的球形 Ni(0H)2, 5份重量的氧 化亚钴, 5份重量的 Yb203, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液 (含有 1%的羧甲基 纤维素) , 1份重量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE分散液 (固含量为 60%), 20份重量的 水混合搅拌成糊状浆料, 将此浆料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, '一侧焊接有 镍制带状引流端子的泡沬镍中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺寸为 80毫米 X 40毫米 X 0.85毫米的正极极片, 其中纯球形 (011)2的含量为 7.5克。 其 它与试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D7。
实施例 8, 正极极片的制备: 将 100份重量的球形 Ni(0H)2, 5份重量的氧 化亚钴, 5份重量的 Lu203, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液 (含有 1%的羧甲基 纤维素), 1份重量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE分散液 (固含量为 60%), 20份重量的 水混合搅拌成糊状浆料, 将此浆料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧焊接有 镍制带状引流端子的泡沬镍中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺寸为 80毫米 X 40毫米 X 0.85毫米的正极极片, 其中纯球形 Ni(0H)2的含量为 7.5克。 其 它与试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D8。 . '
实施例 9, 正极极片的制备: 将 100份重量的球形 Ni(0H)2, 5份重量的氧 化亚钴, 5份重量的 Ca0, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液 (含有 1%的羧甲基 纤维素), 1份重量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE分散液 (固含量为 60%), 20份重量的 水混合搅拌成糊状浆料, 将此浆料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧焊接有 镍制带状引流端子的泡沬镍中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺寸为 80毫米 X 40毫米 X 0.85毫米的正极极片, 其中纯球形 Ni(0H) 2的含量为 7.5克。 其 它与试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D9。
实施例 10, 正极极片的制备: 将 100份重量的球形 Ni(0H)2, 5份重量的氧 化亚钴, 5份重量的 Ba0, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液 (含有 1%的羧甲基 纤维素), 1份重量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE分散液 (固含量为 60%), 20份重量的 水混合搅拌成糊状浆料, 将此浆料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧焊接有 镍制带状引流端子的泡沫镍中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺寸为 80毫米 X 40毫米 X 0.85毫米的正极极片, 其中纯球形 ((¾)2的含量为 7.5克。 其 它与试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D10。
实施例 11, 正极极片的制备: 将 100份重量的球形 Ni(0H)2, 5份重量的氧 化亚钴, 5份重量的 Ti(0H)4, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液(含有 1%的羧甲 基纤维素), 1份重量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE分散液 (固含量为 60%), 20份重量 的水混合搅拌成糊状浆料, 将此浆料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧悍接 有镍制带状引流端子的泡沬镍中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺寸为 80毫 米 X 40毫米 X 0.85毫米的正极极片, 其中纯球形 Ni(0H)2的含量为 7.5克。 其它与试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 Dll。
实施例 12, 正极极片的制备: 将 100份重量的球形 Ni(0H), 5份重量的氧 化亚钴, 5份重量的 Y(0H)3, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液 (含有 1%的羧甲 基纤维素), 1份重量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE分散液 (固含量为 60%), 20份重量 的水混合搅拌成糊状浆料, 将此浆料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧焊接 有镍制带状引流端子的泡沬镍中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺寸为 80毫 米 X 40毫米 X 0.85毫米的正极极片, 其中纯球形 ((¾)2的含量为 7.5克。 其它与试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D12。
实施例 13, 正极极片的制备: 将 100份重量的球形 Ni(0H , 5份重量的氧 化亚钴, 5份重量的 Er(0H)3, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液(含有 1%的羧甲 基纤维素), 1份重量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE分散液 (固含量为 60%), 20份重量 的水混合搅拌成糊状桨料, .将此桨料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧焊接 有镍制带状引流端子的泡沫镍中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺寸为 80毫 米 X 40毫米 X 0.85毫米的正极极片, 其中纯球形 Ni(0H)2的含量为 7.5克。 其它与试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D13。
实施例 14, 正极极片的制备: 将 100份重量的球形 Ni(0H)2, 5份重量的氧 化亚钴, 5份重量的 Tm(0H)3, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液(含有 1%的羧甲 基纤维素), 1份重量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE分散液 (固含量为 60%), 20份重量 的水混合搅拌成糊状桨料, 将此浆料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧焊接 有镍制带状引流端子的泡沬镍中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺寸为 80毫 米 X 40毫米 X 0.85毫米的正极极片, 其中纯球形 ((¾)2的含量为 7.5克。 其它与试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D14。
实施例 15, 正极极片的制备: 将 100份重量的球形 Ni(0H)2, 5份重量的氧 化亚钴, 5份重量的 Yb(0H)3, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液(含有 1%的羧甲 基纤维素), 1份重量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE分散液 (固含量为 60%), 20份重量 的水混合搅拌成糊状桨料, 将此浆料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧焊接 有镍制带状引流端子的泡沬镍中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺寸为 80毫 米 X 40毫米 X 0.85毫米的正极极片, 其中纯球形 Ni(0H)2的含量为 7.5克。 其它与试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D15。
实施例 16, 正极极片的制备: 将 100份重量的球形 Ni(0H)2, 5份重量的氧 化亚钴, 5份重量的 Lu(0H)3, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液(含有 1%的羧甲 基纤维素), 1份重量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE分散液 (固含量为 60%), 20份重量 的水混合搅拌成糊状桨料, 将此浆料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧焊接 有镍制带状引流端子的泡沬镍中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺寸为 80毫 米 X 40毫米 X 0.85毫米的正极极片, 其中纯球形 (0 2的含量为 7.5克。 其它与试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D16。
实施例 17, 正极极片的制备: 将 100份重量的球形 Ni(0H)2, 5份重量的氧 化亚钴, 5份重量的 Ca(0H)2, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液(含有 1%的羧甲 基纤维素), 1份重量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE分散液 (固含量为 60%), 20份重量 的水混合搅拌成糊状浆料, 将此浆料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧焊接 有镍制带状引流端子的泡沬镍中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺寸为 80毫 米 X 40毫米 X 0.85毫米的正极极片, 其中纯球形 ((¾)2的含量为 7.5克。 其它与试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D17。
实施例 18, 正极极片的制备: 100份重量的球形 Ni(0H)2, 5份重量的氧化 亚钴, 5份重量的 Ba(0H)2, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液(含有 1%的羧甲基 纤维素), 1份重量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE分散液 (固含量为 60%), 20份重量的 水混合搅拌成糊状桨料, 将此浆料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧焊接有 镍制带状引流端子的泡沬镍中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺寸为 80毫米 X 40毫米 X 0.85毫米的正极极片, 其中纯球形 Ni(0H) 2的含畺为 7.5克。 其 它与试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D18。
实施例 19, 正极极片的制备: 100份重量的球形 Ni(0H)2, 5份重量的氧化 亚钴, 1份重量的 Ti (0H)„ 1份重量的 Y20:i, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液(含 有 1%的羧甲基纤维素), 1份重量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE分散液(固含量为 60%), 20份重量的水混合搅拌成糊状浆料, 将此浆料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧焊接有镍制带状引流端子的泡沬镍中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺 寸为 80毫米 X 40毫米 X 0. 85毫米的正极极片,其中纯球形 Ni (0H) ^ 含量为 7. 5克。 其它与试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D19。
实施例 20, 正极极片的制备: 100份重量的球形 Ni (0H) 2, 5份重量的氧化 亚钴, 1份重量的 Ti (OH) 4, 1份重量的 Y203, 1份重量的 Er203, 1份重量的 Ca (OH) 2, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液 (含有 1 %的羧甲基纤维素), 1份重量的聚四 氟乙烯 PTFE分散液(固含量为 60% ), 20份重量的水混合搅拌成糊状浆料, 将 此浆料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧焊接有镍制带状引流端子的泡沫镍 中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺寸为 80毫米 X 40毫米 X 0. 85 毫米的正 极极片,其中纯球形 Ni (OH) 2的含量为 7. 5克。其它与试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D20。
实施例 21, 正极极片的制备: 100份重量的球形 Ni (0H) 2, 5份重量的氧化 亚钴, 1份重量的 Ti (0H) 4, 1份重量的 Y203, 1份重量的 Er203, 1份重量的 Tm203, 1份重量的 Ca(0H) 2, 1份重量的 Ba(0H) 2, 5份重量的羧甲基纤维素分散液(含 有 1 %的羧甲基纤维素), 1份重量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE分散液(固含量为 60 % ), 20份重量的水混合搅拌成糊状浆料, 将此浆料填充入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧焊接有镍制带状引流端子的泡沬镍中, 然后经烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺 寸为 80毫米 X 40毫米 X 0. 85毫米的正极极片,其中纯球形 Ni (0H) 含量为 7. 5克。 其它与试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D21。
实施例 22, 电解液中, K0H含量为 3. 75mol/L, NaOH含量为 2. 25mol/L,此 时 NaOH的质量占 NaOH与 K0H的总质量的 30%, 其它与试验与电池 A的情况相 同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D22。
实施例 23, 电解液中, LiOH含量为 lmol/L, K0H含量为 lmol/L, NaOH含 量为 10mol/L, 此时 NaOH的质量占 NaOH与 K0H的总质量的 87. 7 % , 其它与试 验用电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D23。
实施例 24, 电解液中, LiOH含量为 3mol/L, NaOH含量为 15mol/L, NaOH 的质量占 NaOH与 K0H的总质量的 100%, 其它与试验用电池 A的情况相同。 最 终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D24。
实施例 25, 正极极片的制备: 将 100份重量含锌 2% (相对球形 Ni (OH) 2重 量的含量) 的球形 Ni (0H) 2, 5份重量的氧化亚钴, 10份重量的 Ti02, 5份重量 的羧甲基纤维素分散液(含有 1 %的羧甲基纤维素), 1份重量的聚四氟乙烯 PTFE 分散液 (固含量为 60% ), 20份重量的水混合搅拌成糊状浆料, 将此浆料填充 入面密度为 300克 /平方米, 一侧焊接有镍制带状引流端子的泡沬镍中, 然后经 烘干、 辊压、 裁切, 制得尺寸为 80毫米 X 40毫米 X 0. 85毫米的正极极片, 记 为 Z1,其中纯球形 (0 2的含量为 7. 5克。电解液中, LiOH含量为 3mol/L, NaOH 含量为 15mol/L, NaOH的质量占 NaOH与 K0H的总质量的 100%。 其它与试验用 电池 A的情况相同。 最终制得 AA型镍氢电池 D25。
按下面步骤实验并测试本发明实施例提供的电池的性能:
一、 将实施例和对比例制得的电池, 以 0. 1C充电 16小时, 静置 30分钟, 0. 2C放电到 1. 0Vo
' 二、 按步骤一循环三次后, 以 0. 1C充电 16小时, 静置 30分钟, 0. 2C放电 到 1. 0V, 记录电池放电容量 Cl, 然后以 0. 1C充电 16小时, 在 20±2°C环境中 放置 30天, 以 0. 2C放电到 1. 0V, 记电池容量为 C2, 电池的首月容量保留率 R = C2/ C1 X 100%
三、 按步骤一循环三次后, 以 0. 1C充电 16小时, 静置 30分钟, 0. 2C放电 到 1. 0V, 记录电池放电容量 C3, 然后以 0. 1C充电 16小时, 在 20±2°C环境中 放置 1年, 以 0. 2C放电到 1. 0V,记电池容量为 C4, 电池的年容量保留率 Y=C4/ C3 X 100%
将测试计算结果列于表 1 中。 从表 1中数据可以看出, 本发明提供的电池 Dl, D2, D3, ······ D24, D25 的首月容量保留率和年容量保留率均高于对比例 A, 尤 其是实施例 D25, 采用外添加或共沉积钛、 钇、 铒、 铥、 镱、 镥、 钙或钡元素的 氧化物或氢氧化物, 电解液为添加 LiOH 的碱溶液, NaOH 占 K0H 与 NaOH 的 总质量比在 30% 以上时, 电池自放电的明显高于对比例 A, 因此本发明所提供 的镍氢低自放电电池具有优异的自放电性能, 同时具有高的年容量保留率。
上面实施例列举了钛、 钇、 铒、 铥、 镱、 镥、 钙、 钡元素的氧化物或氢氧 化物中以单独 1种, 同时 2种、 4种、 6种混合添加方式对降低电池自放电率均 有作用, 这些物质以任意方式组合添加后同样适用, 原因如下:
铒、 铥、 镱、 镥元素最外两个电子层对 4f轨道有较强的屏蔽作用, 尽管 4f 能级中电子数不同, 它们的化学性质受 4f 电子数的影响很小, 所以它们的化学 性质很相似。 钛、 钇、 铒、 铥、 镱、 镥、 钙和钡最外层电子数目一样同为 2, 而 且它们的电负性都在 1. 0左右, 因此这些元素的氧化物或氢氧化物的化学性质 很相似。 以上 2种、 3种或 3种以上元素的氧化物或氢氧化物同时存在时, 它们 相互之间不会发生反应, 即不会改变各自的化学性质, 不影响各物质降低电池 自放电率的作用。 所以钛、 钇、 铒、 铥、 镱、 镥、 钙或钡元素的氧化物或氢氧 化物中同时添加 2种以上都适用。 表 1 本发明实施例电池性能测试结果 电池 实施例与对比例的主要区别 首月容量保留率 年容量保留率
D1 正极极片的制备中加 0.1份重量的 ΉΟ2 81.6% 70.3%
D2 正极极片的制备中加 5份重量的 Ti02 83.9% 72.7%
D3 正极极片的制备中加 10份重量的 Ti02 86.1% 75.2%
D4 正极极片的制备中加 5份重量的 Y203 84.8% 73.9%
D5 正极极片的制备中加 5份重量的 Er 86.2% 75.1%
D6 正极极片的制备中加 5份重量的 Τιη 88.1% 77.3%
D7 正极极片的制备中加 5份重量的 Yb 87.9% 76.8%
D8 正极极片的制备中加 5份重量的 Lu203 86.8% 75.6%
D9 正极极片的制备中加 5份重量的 CaO 83.3% 72.4%
D10 正极极片的制备中加 5份重量的 BaO 83.2% 72.1%
D11 正极极片的制备中加 5份重量的 Ti (0H)4 83.2% 72.4%
D12 正极极片的制备中加 5份重量的 Y(0H)3 84.5% 73.3%
D13 正极极片的制备中加 5份重量的 Er(0H)3 85.8% 74.7%
D14 正极极片的制备中加 5份重量的 Tra(0H)3 87.6% 76.4%
D15 正极极片的制备中加 5份重量的 Yb(0H)3 87.3% 76.4%
D16 正极极片的制备中加 5份重量的 Lu(0H)3 86.4% 75.3%
D17 正极极片的制备中加 5份重量的 Ca(0H)2 82.9% 71.7%
D18 正极极片的制备中加 5份重量的 Ba(0H)2 82.7% 71.8%
D19 正极极片的制备中加 1份重量的 Ti (OH) 4, 1份重量的 ΥΛ 83.2% 72.4% . 正极极片的制备中加 1份重量的 Ti (OH).,, 1份重量的 03,
D20 85.1% 74.1% 1份重量的 Er20:i , 1份重量的 Ca (OH) 2
正极极片的制备中加 1份重量的 Ti (0H)„, 1份重量的 Υ ,
D21 1份重量的 Er203, 1份重量的 ΤπιΛ, 1份重量的 Ca(0H)2, 1 87.4% 76.5% 份重量的 Ba(0H)2
KOH含量为 3.75mol/L, NaOH含量为 2.25raol/L, NaOH的质
D22 80.2% 70.1% 量占 NaOH与 KOH的总质量的 30%
LiOH含量为 lmol/L, K0H含量为 lmol/L, NaOH含量为
D23 82.0% 72.4% 10mol/L, NaOH的质量占 NaOH与 K0H的总质量的 87.7%
LiOH含量为 3mol/L, NaOH含量为 15mol/L NaOH的质
D24 S占
83.1% 73.9% NaOH与 KOH的总质 的 100%
正极极片的制备中加 10份重量的 Ti02, LiOH含量为 3mol/L,
D25 NaOH含量为 15mol/L, NaOH的质 占 NaOH与 KOH的总质量 92.1% 83.2% 的 100%
A 对比例 77.1% 17.8%

Claims

1. 一种镍氢充电电池, 包括正极、 隔膜、 电解液和负极, 电解液中含 KOH溶 液, 其特征在于: 所述正极含有钛、 钇、 铒、 铥、 镱、 镥、 钙或钡元素的氧 化物或氢氧化物中的至少一种, 其含量占整个正极活性材料的质量比为 0.1-10% 。 权
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的镍氢充电电池,其特征在于:所述电解液中含有 NaOH 溶液。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的镍氢充电电池,其特征在于:所述电解液中 NaOH 的 质量占 NaOH与 KOH 的总质量的 30-100%求。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的镍氢充电电池,其特征在于:所述电解液中含有 LiOH。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的镍氢充电电池, 其特征在于: 所述的电解液中 LiOH 含量大于 0-3 摩尔 /L 。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的镍氢充电电池,其特征在于:所述电解液中 NaOH与 KOH 的总含量为 6-15 摩尔/ L。
7. 一种镍氢充电电池, 包括正极、 隔膜、 电解液和负极, 电解液中含 KOH溶 液, 其特征在于: 所述电解液中含有 NaOH溶液。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的镍氢充电电池,其特征在于:所述电解液中 NaOH 的 质量占 NaOH与 KOH 的总质量的 30-100%。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的镍氢充电电池,其特征在于:所述电解液中 LiOH含 量大于 0-3 摩尔 /L 。
10.根据权利要求 9所述的镍氢充电电池,其特征在于:所述电解液中 NaOH与 KOH 的总含量为 6-15 摩尔/ L。
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