WO2008075710A1 - 永久磁石及び永久磁石の製造方法 - Google Patents
永久磁石及び永久磁石の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008075710A1 WO2008075710A1 PCT/JP2007/074405 JP2007074405W WO2008075710A1 WO 2008075710 A1 WO2008075710 A1 WO 2008075710A1 JP 2007074405 W JP2007074405 W JP 2007074405W WO 2008075710 A1 WO2008075710 A1 WO 2008075710A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/06—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/08—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0242—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy using the impregnating technique
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
- C22C2202/02—Magnetic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0273—Imparting anisotropy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a permanent magnet and a method for producing the permanent magnet, and in particular, a permanent magnet having a high magnetic property obtained by diffusing Dy and Tb in a crystal grain boundary phase of an Nd—Fe—B sintered magnet.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing the permanent magnet.
- Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets are inexpensive because they are made of a combination of iron and Nd and B elements that are inexpensive, abundant in resources, and can be stably supplied.
- the maximum energy product is about 10 times that of ferrite magnets
- it is used in various products such as electronic equipment.
- motors and generators for hybrid cars have been used. Adoption is also progressing.
- the Curie temperature of the sintered magnet is as low as about 300 ° C, the temperature may rise above a predetermined temperature depending on the usage condition of the product to be used. There is a problem of demagnetization.
- the sintered magnet when used in a desired product, the sintered magnet may be processed into a predetermined shape, and this processing may cause defects (cracks, etc.) or distortions in the crystal grains of the sintered magnet. This causes a problem that the magnetic properties are significantly deteriorated.
- a first object of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet having an extremely high coercive force and high magnetic properties.
- the second object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a permanent magnet which can produce a permanent magnet having extremely high V, coercive force and high magnetic properties with high productivity.
- the method of manufacturing a permanent magnet according to claim 1 is characterized in that at least one of Dy and Tb is adhered to at least a part of the surface of an iron-boron rare earth sintered magnet.
- Production of a permanent magnet including one step and a second step in which at least one of Dy and Tb adhering to the surface of the sintered magnet is subjected to heat treatment at a predetermined temperature to diffuse into the grain boundary phase of the sintered magnet.
- a main phase alloy mainly composed of RTB phase
- Transition force consisting mainly of at least one rare earth element mainly composed of R force Nd, T force S and Fe ) And liquid phase alloys (mainly R-rich phase with a higher R content than RTB phase)
- the obtained mixed powder is pressed in a magnetic field, and the compact is sintered in a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere. It is used.
- a sintered magnet produced by a so-called two-alloy method in which a main phase alloy and a liquid phase alloy are separately pulverized and then molded and sintered has a large crystal grain and a round shape.
- the rare earth (Nd) rich phase present in the grain boundary with good orientation characteristics increases in dispersibility (that is, it is nonmagnetic and magnetically insulates the main phase)
- the rare earth-rich layer that increases the coercive force is more than twice as dispersed as that produced by the so-called one-alloy method.
- the diffusion rate of the Dy and Tb metal atoms into the rare earth-rich phase at the crystal grain boundary is increased, and the diffusion can be efficiently diffused in a short time.
- the concentration of Dy and Tb can be effectively increased in the rare earth-rich phase with good dispersibility, a permanent magnet with higher coercivity and high magnetic properties can be obtained.
- the sintered magnet is disposed in the processing chamber and heated, and the evaporation material containing at least one of Dy and Tb disposed in the same or another processing chamber is heated and evaporated, and the evaporated evaporation material
- the adhering evaporation material Dy and Tb metal atoms are attached to the surface of the sintered magnet before the thin film made of the evaporation material is formed on the sintered magnet surface. It is preferable to perform the first step and the second step by diffusing into the crystal grain boundary phase.
- the evaporated evaporation material (Dy, Tb metal atoms and molecules) is supplied to and adhered to the surface of the sintered magnet heated to a predetermined temperature.
- the sintered magnet was heated to a temperature at which an optimum diffusion rate was obtained, and the amount of evaporated material supplied to the surface of the sintered magnet was adjusted.
- Sequentially diffused into the grain boundary phase of the sintered magnet that is, the supply of Dy, Tb, etc. to the surface of the sintered magnet and the diffusion of the sintered magnet into the grain boundary phase are performed in a single process. (Vacuum steam treatment)).
- the surface state of the permanent magnet is substantially the same as the state before the above treatment, and the manufactured permanent magnet surface is prevented from being deteriorated (surface roughness is deteriorated).
- Magnetized surface Dy and Tb are prevented from diffusing excessively in the grain boundaries close to, which eliminates the need for a separate post-process and achieves high productivity.
- the grain boundary phase has a rich phase of Dy and Tb (phase containing Dy and Tb in the range of 5 to 80%), and Dy and Tb diffuse only near the surface of the crystal grain. By doing so, it becomes a permanent magnet with high magnetic properties. Furthermore, when a defect (crack) is generated in the crystal grains near the surface of the sintered magnet during processing of the sintered magnet, a rich phase of Dy and Tb is formed inside the crack, and magnetization and coercive force are formed. Can be recovered.
- a defect crack
- the specific surface area of the evaporating material arranged in the processing chamber is changed to increase or decrease the evaporation amount at a constant temperature, for example, the supply amount of Dy and Tb to the sintered magnet surface is increased or decreased. easily adjust the supply amount to the surface of the sintered magnet without changing the configuration of the equipment, such as installing separate parts in the processing chamber.
- the inside of the processing chamber Prior to heating the processing chamber containing the sintered magnet in order to remove dirt, gas and water adsorbed on the surface of the sintered magnet before diffusing Dy and Tb into the grain boundary phase, It is preferable that the inside of the processing chamber is held at a predetermined pressure.
- the oxide film on the surface of the sintered magnet is removed before Dy and Tb are diffused into the grain boundary phase.
- the sintering by plasma is performed prior to heating the processing chamber containing the sintered magnet. It is preferable to clean the magnet surface.
- Dy or Tb is diffused in the grain boundary phase of the sintered magnet and then heat treatment is performed to remove the distortion of the permanent magnet at a predetermined temperature lower than the above temperature, magnetization and coercive force can be obtained.
- a permanent magnet with improved magnetic properties and improved magnetic properties can be obtained.
- a permanent magnet may be produced by diffusing Dy or Tb in the grain boundary phase of the sintered magnet and then cutting it to a predetermined thickness in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field orientation direction. Good. This Compared with the case where the vacuum vapor treatment is performed after the block-shaped sintered magnet having a predetermined size is cut into a plurality of thin pieces and stored in this state in the processing chamber, for example, the sintered magnet to the processing chamber Thus, the preparation for performing the vacuum vapor treatment can be facilitated and the productivity can be improved.
- the permanent magnet according to claim 10 is a sintered magnet having a main phase alloy (mainly composed of an RTB phase, wherein R is at least one type mainly composed of Nd. of
- Transition metal alloys mainly composed of rare earth elements, T force Fe) and liquid phase alloys (more than R T B phase)
- Each powder with a high content is mainly composed of R-rich phase) is mixed at a predetermined mixing ratio, and the resulting mixed powder is pressure-molded in a magnetic field, and the compact is vacuumed or inert.
- this sintered magnet is placed in a processing chamber and heated, and an evaporation material containing at least one of Dy and Tb placed in the same or another processing chamber is used.
- the method for producing a permanent magnet according to the present invention can efficiently diffuse Dy and Tb adhering to the surface of a sintered magnet into a grain boundary phase, and has high productivity and high magnetic properties.
- the permanent magnet of the present invention has an effect that it has a higher coercive force and a high magnetic property.
- the permanent magnet M of the present invention is processed into a predetermined shape.
- the vaporized material V containing at least one of Dy and Tb is evaporated and attached to the surface of the Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet S, and the Dy and Tb metal atoms of the attached evaporated material are attached. It is produced by simultaneously performing a series of treatments (vacuum vapor treatment) for diffusing into the grain boundary phase of the sintered magnet S and spreading it uniformly.
- the Nd-Fe-B-based sintered magnet S which is a starting material, is produced as follows by a known so-called two-alloy method. That is, the main phase alloy (mainly composed of R T B phase, R is Nd
- the main phase alloy is prepared by mixing Fe, B, and Nd at a predetermined composition ratio to produce an alloy raw material by a known SC melting and forging method. It is obtained by coarse pulverization to a mesh or less.
- Nd, Dy, Co, and Fe are blended at a predetermined composition ratio to produce an alloy raw material by a known SC melting and forging method.
- the produced alloy raw material is, for example, 50 mesh or less in Ar. Obtained by coarse pulverization.
- the crystal grains are large and round in shape (that is, there are few nucleation sites), and the rare earth (Nd) -rich phase that exists in the grain boundaries with good orientation characteristics has good dispersibility (that is, non-magnetic Rare earth rich laminar force S that increases the coercive force by magnetically insulating the main phase S, more than doubled compared to those produced by the so-called one-alloy method! Magnet S is obtained.
- the conditions in each step of the production of the sintered magnet S are individually set. It is preferable that the average crystal grain size of the sintered magnet S be in the range of 4 m to 12 m. This allows Dy and Tb adhering to the surface of the sintered magnet to diffuse efficiently into the grain boundary phase without being affected by the carbon remaining inside the sintered magnet. Average grain When the diameter is smaller than 4 im, Dy and Tb diffuse into the grain boundary phase, resulting in a permanent magnet with a high coercive force, ensuring fluidity and improving orientation during compression molding in a magnetic field.
- the effect of adding a lubricant to the raw material powder of the alloy is diminished, and the degree of orientation of the sintered magnet deteriorates. As a result, the residual magnetic flux density and the maximum energy product exhibiting magnetic characteristics are lowered.
- the average crystal grain size is larger than 12 m, the coercive force decreases because the crystal is large, and the surface area of the crystal grain boundary decreases, so that the concentration ratio of residual carbon near the crystal grain boundary is reduced. As the value increases, the coercive force further decreases. Residual carbon reacts with Dy and Tb, which prevents Dy from diffusing into the grain boundary phase, resulting in a long diffusion time and poor productivity!
- a vacuum vapor processing apparatus 1 for carrying out the process, a turbo molecular pump, cryopump, a predetermined pressure via the evacuating means 11 such as a diffusion pump (e.g. 1 X 10_ 5 Pa) It has a vacuum chamber 12 that can be kept under reduced pressure.
- a box 2 comprising a rectangular parallelepiped box 21 having an upper surface opened and a detachable lid 22 on the upper surface of the opened box 21 is installed.
- a flange 22a bent downward is formed on the outer peripheral edge of the lid 22 over the entire circumference.
- the flange 22a A processing chamber 20 is defined which is fitted to the outer wall (in this case, no vacuum seal such as a metal seal is provided) and is isolated from the vacuum chamber 11.
- a predetermined pressure of the vacuum chamber 12 through the vacuum exhaust means 11 e.g., 1 X 10- 5 Pa
- the processing chamber 20 is substantially half orders of magnitude higher pressure than the vacuum chamber 12 (e.g., 5 X 10- 4 The pressure is reduced to Pa).
- the volume of the processing chamber 20 is set so that metal atoms (molecules) in the vapor atmosphere are supplied to the sintered magnet S from a plurality of directions directly or repeatedly in consideration of the mean free path of the evaporation material.
- the wall thicknesses of the box portion 21 and the lid portion 22 are set so as not to be thermally deformed when heated by a heating means described later, and are made of a material that does not react with the evaporation material.
- the box 2 is made of, for example, Mo, W, V, Ta or an alloy thereof (rare earth-added Mo alloy, Ti Including additive-type Mo alloys), CaO, YO, or rare earth oxides,
- these materials are formed as a lining film on the surface of another heat insulating material.
- a placement portion 21a is formed at a predetermined height position from the bottom in the processing chamber 20 by arranging, for example, a plurality of wire rods made of Mo (for example, ⁇ 0.;! To 10 mm) in a lattice shape.
- a plurality of sintered magnets S can be placed side by side on the placement portion 21a.
- the evaporation material V is an alloy containing at least one of Dy and Tb or Dy and Tb that greatly improves the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the main phase, and is appropriately disposed on the bottom surface, side surface, or top surface of the processing chamber 20.
- the vacuum chamber 12 is also provided with heating means 3.
- the heating means 3 is made of a material that does not react with the evaporation material V of Dy and Tb in the same manner as the box 2 and is, for example, made of Mo that is provided so as to surround the box 2 and has a reflection surface on the inside. And an electric heater disposed on the inside and having a filament made of Mo. Then, the inside of the processing chamber 20 can be heated substantially uniformly by heating the box 2 with the heating means 3 under reduced pressure and indirectly heating the inside of the processing chamber 20 via the box 2.
- the sintered magnet S produced by the above method is placed on the placement portion 21a of the box portion 21 and Dy, which is the evaporation material V, is placed on the bottom surface of the box portion 21 (thereby, the inside of the processing chamber 20).
- the sintered magnet S and the evaporation material V are spaced apart from each other).
- the box body 2 is installed in a predetermined position surrounded by the heating means 3 in the vacuum chamber 12 (see FIG. 2).
- the vacuum chamber 12 through the vacuum exhaust means 11 constant pressure (e.g., l X 10_ 4 Pa) was evacuated under vacuum until it reaches and is evacuated to (the processing chamber 20 is substantially half orders of magnitude higher pressures )
- the heating chamber 3 is activated to heat the processing chamber 20.
- Dy installed on the bottom surface of the processing chamber 20 is heated to substantially the same temperature as the processing chamber 20 and starts to evaporate.
- Dy vapor atmosphere is formed.
- the sintered magnets S and Dy are arranged apart from each other, so the melted Dy does not directly adhere to the sintered magnet S in which the surface Nd-rich phase is melted.
- the Dy atoms in the Dy vapor atmosphere are supplied and adhered to the surface of the sintered magnet S heated to approximately the same temperature as Dy from multiple directions by direct or repeated collisions. Dy adhering to is diffused into the grain boundary phase of the sintered magnet S, and the permanent magnet M is obtained.
- the average composition of the sintered magnet surface S adjacent to the thin film becomes a Dy rich composition.
- the surface of the sintered magnet S melts (that is, the main phase melts and the amount of liquid phase increases).
- the vicinity of the surface of the sintered magnet S melts and collapses, and the unevenness increases.
- Dy penetrates excessively into the crystal grains with a large amount of liquid phase, and the maximum energy product and residual magnetic flux density, which show magnetic properties, are further reduced.
- the surface area (specific surface area) per unit volume is small at a ratio of ! to 10% by weight of the sintered magnet! /, And Balta-like (substantially spherical) Dy is treated in the processing chamber 20 The amount of evaporation at a constant temperature was reduced.
- the heating means 3 is controlled so that the temperature in the processing chamber 20 is in the range from 700 ° C to 1050 ° C, preferably from 900 ° C to 1000 ° C. (For example, when the temperature in the processing chamber is 900 ° C. to 100 ° C., the saturated vapor pressure of Dy is about 1 ⁇ 10 1 ⁇ 10— &).
- the total surface area of the sintered magnet S installed on the mounting portion 21a of the processing chamber 20 is used to diffuse Dy into the grain boundary phase.
- the ratio of the total surface area of Balta-shaped Dy installed on the bottom of the barber 20 is set to be in the range of 1 X 10 to 2 X 10 3 . If the ratio is outside the range of 1 X 1CT 4 to 2 X 10 3 , a thin film of Dy or Tb may be formed on the surface of the sintered magnet S, and a permanent magnet with high magnetic properties cannot be obtained. In this case, the ratio was Sigma preferred is the range of 1 X 10_ 3 of 1 X 10 3, the ratio is more preferably ranges from 1 X 10- 2 1 of X 10 2.
- the permanent magnet M has a higher coercive force because it can effectively increase the concentration of Dy and Tb in the rare earth-rich phase with good dispersibility, which is mixed more than doubled.
- the block-shaped sintered magnet having a predetermined size is cut into a plurality of thin pieces, and in this state is placed side by side on the mounting portion 21a of the box 2, and then compared with the case where the vacuum vapor treatment is performed.
- the sintered magnet S can be taken in and out of the box 2 in a short time, and preparation before the vacuum steam treatment is facilitated. ⁇ High! / Productivity is achieved.
- the Dy rich phase which has extremely high corrosion resistance and weather resistance compared to the force Nd to which Co is added, has crystal grains near the surface. By being in the inside of the crack or in the grain boundary phase, it becomes a permanent magnet having extremely strong corrosion resistance and weather resistance without using Co.
- Dy adhering to the surface of the sintered magnet is diffused, there is no intermetallic compound containing Co at the grain boundary of the sintered magnet S, so the metal atoms of Dy and Tb adhering to the surface of the sintered magnet S are Furthermore, it is diffused efficiently.
- the operation of the heating means 3 is stopped, and the lOkPa is introduced into the processing chamber 20 via a gas introduction means (not shown).
- Ar gas is introduced, evaporation of the evaporation material V is stopped, and the temperature in the processing chamber 20 is temporarily lowered to, for example, 500 ° C.
- the heating means 3 is operated again, the temperature in the processing chamber 20 is set in the range of 450 ° C. to 650 ° C., and heat treatment is performed to remove the distortion of the permanent magnet in order to further improve or recover the coercive force. Apply. Finally, rapidly cool to about room temperature and take out box 2.
- the example using Dy as the evaporation material V has been described as an example.
- the heating temperature range of the sintered magnet S that can increase the diffusion rate (from 900 ° C. to 1000 ° C.) ), Tb having a low vapor pressure can be used, or an alloy of Dy and Tb may be used.
- the force of using Balta-shaped evaporation material V with a small specific surface area in order to reduce the amount of evaporation at a constant temperature is not limited to this.
- a tray having a concave cross section is installed in the box part 21.
- the specific surface area may be reduced by storing the granular or Balta-like evaporation material V in the saucer, and further, after the evaporation material V is accommodated in the saucer, a lid provided with a plurality of openings ( You can wear it (not shown)!
- an evaporation chamber (another processing chamber: not shown) is provided in the vacuum chamber 12 separately from the processing chamber 20, and other heating means for heating the evaporation chamber is provided, and the evaporation material is evaporated in the evaporation chamber.
- the sintered magnet in the processing chamber 20 is connected through a communication path that connects the processing chamber 20 and the evaporation chamber.
- the stone may be supplied with metal atoms in a steam atmosphere.
- the saturated vapor pressure of Dy is about 1 X 10_ 4 when the evaporation chamber is 700 ° C ⁇ ; 1050 ° C (700 ° C ⁇ ; 105 0 ° C). Heat up to the range of ⁇ 1 X 10_ &). At temperatures lower than 700 ° C, the vapor pressure that can supply Dy to the surface of the sintered magnet S is not reached so that Dy diffuses and spreads uniformly in the grain boundary phase.
- the evaporation material V is Tb
- the evaporation chamber may be heated in the range of 900 ° C to 1150 ° C.
- the vacuum chamber 12 is set in a predetermined manner via the vacuum exhaust means 11.
- pressure e.g., 1 X 10- 5 Pa
- the processing chamber 20 was reduced from the vacuum chamber 12 to approximately half orders of magnitude higher pressure (e.g., 5 X 10_ 4 Pa)
- the heating means 3 may be operated to heat the inside of the processing chamber 20 to, for example, 100 ° C. and hold it for a predetermined time.
- a plasma generator (not shown) having a known structure for generating Ar or He plasma is provided in the vacuum chamber 12, and the surface of the sintered magnet S by plasma prior to processing in the vacuum chamber 12 is provided. The cleaning pre-processing may be performed.
- a known transfer robot is installed in the vacuum chamber 12, and the lid 22 is installed in the vacuum chamber 12 after the tailing is completed. You just have to do it.
- the force S described with respect to what constitutes the box body 2 by mounting the lid portion 22 on the upper surface of the box portion 21, is isolated from the vacuum chamber 12, and the vacuum chamber 12 is decompressed.
- the processing chamber 20 is depressurized along with this, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the upper surface opening thereof is made of, for example, Mo foil. It may be covered with.
- the processing chamber 20 may be sealed in the vacuum chamber 12 and may be configured to be maintained at a predetermined pressure independently of the vacuum chamber 12.
- the present embodiment in order to achieve high productivity, vacuum steam treatment is performed.
- the present invention can also be applied to a permanent magnet M obtained by performing a diffusion treatment for diffusing into the grain boundary phase (second step) to obtain a permanent magnet, and a permanent magnet M having high magnetic properties can be obtained.
- Example 1 an Nd—Fe—B based sintered magnet S having an alloy compositional force of 9Nd—2Dy—1B—3Co—bal. Fe produced by a so-called two-alloy method was used.
- a main phase alloy having a composition of 29Nd-lB-l.5Co-bal.Fe is produced by a known SC melting and forging method, and coarsely pulverized in Ar to, for example, 50 mesh or less.
- As a liquid phase alloy a composition having a compositional strength of 5Nd- 38D y — 0 ⁇ 7B-34Co-bal.
- Fe is produced by a known SC melting and forging method, and coarsely pulverized to 50 mesh or less in Ar, for example. A coarse powder is obtained.
- the compact is stored in a known sintering furnace, Sintering is performed at a processing temperature of 1050 ° C and a processing time of 2 hours (sintering process), and then an aging treatment is performed at a processing temperature of 530 ° C and a processing time of 2 hours.
- the above sintered magnet was prepared.
- a permanent magnet cage was obtained by the vacuum vapor treatment.
- 60 sintered magnets S were placed at equal intervals on the mounting portion 21a in the Mo box 2.
- Balta-shaped Dy (about 1 mm) with a purity of 99.9% was used as the evaporation material, and the total amount of 100 g was placed on the bottom surface of the processing chamber 20.
- the vacuum evacuation means once pressure of the vacuum chamber to 1 X 10- 4 Pa in (pressure in the treatment chamber 5 X 10- 3 Pa), the heating temperature of the processing chamber 20 by the heating means 3 950 Set to ° C.
- the alloy raw material powder is filled in the cavity of a known uniaxial pressure type compression molding machine and molded into a predetermined shape in a magnetic field (molding process), and then the molded body is stored in a known sintering furnace. Sintering is performed at a processing temperature of 1050 ° C and a processing time of 2 hours (sintering process), and then an aging treatment is performed at a processing temperature of 530 ° C and a processing time of 2 hours. The sintered magnet of ⁇ m was produced. Finally, after processing to 40 X 20 X 5 dimensions, cleaning by barrel polishing and surface finishing were performed.
- the permanent magnet M was obtained by the vacuum vapor treatment using the vacuum vapor treatment apparatus 1.
- vacuum steam treatment was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a table showing the average value of magnetic characteristics (measured using a BH curve tracer) when a permanent magnet is obtained under the above conditions, together with the average value of magnetic characteristics before vacuum vapor treatment.
- Comparative Example 1 the coercive force is improved when the vacuum vapor treatment is performed, and the coercive force is increased as the treatment time is increased. 3. It was IkOe.
- Example 1 a high coercive force of 25.3 k0e was obtained in half the vacuum steam processing time (6 hours) of Comparative Example 1, and the vacuum steam processing time (that is, the diffusion time) was reduced. It can be seen that productivity can be improved by shortening.
- Example 2 a Nd—Fe—B-based sintered magnet S produced in the same manner as in Example 1 above was used, and in the same manner as in Example 1 above, vacuum vapor treatment was performed using the vacuum vapor treatment apparatus 1. Permanent magnet M was obtained. In this case, 60 sintered magnets S are arranged at equal intervals on the mounting portion 21a in the Mo box 2. In addition, as a vaporized material, a 99.9% pure Balta-like Tb (approximately 1 mm), and the total amount of lOOOOg was placed on the bottom surface of the processing chamber 20.
- the evacuating means by operating the evacuating means once pressure of the vacuum chamber to 1 X 10_ 4 Pa in (pressure in the treatment chamber 5 X 10- 3 Pa) with, 1000 ° C the heating temperature of the processing chamber 20 by the heating means 3 Set to. Then, after the temperature of the processing chamber 20 reached 1000 ° C., the vacuum vapor treatment was performed for 2 to 8 hours in this state, and then a heat treatment was performed to remove the distortion of the permanent magnet. In this case, the heat treatment temperature was set to 400 ° C and the treatment time was set to 90 minutes.
- a permanent magnet M was obtained by using the Nd-Fe-B-based sintered magnet produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, using the vacuum vapor processing apparatus 1, and performing the vacuum vapor treatment. .
- vacuum steam treatment was performed under the same conditions as in Example 2.
- FIG. 6 is a table showing the average value of the magnetic characteristics (measured using a BH curve tracer) when the permanent magnet is obtained under the above conditions, together with the average value of the magnetic characteristics before the vacuum steam treatment.
- Comparative Example 2 the coercive force is improved when the vacuum vapor treatment is performed, and the coercive force is increased as the treatment time is increased. It was 8k0e.
- Example 2 a high coercive force of 25.6 k0e was obtained in 1/4 the processing time of Comparative Example 2, and the vacuum steam processing time (that is, the diffusion time) was shortened to improve productivity. I understand that I can do it. It can also be seen that when the treatment time exceeds 4 hours, a permanent magnet M having a higher coercive force exceeding 28 k0e and having high magnetic properties can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a cross section of a permanent magnet manufactured according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a vacuum processing apparatus for performing the processing of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating a cross section of a permanent magnet manufactured by a conventional technique.
- FIG. 4 (a) is a diagram for explaining processing deterioration of a sintered magnet surface. (B) is a figure explaining the surface state of the permanent magnet produced by implementation of this invention.
- FIG. 5 is a table showing the magnetic properties of the permanent magnet produced in Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a table showing the magnetic properties of the permanent magnet produced in Example 2.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
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CN2007800478011A CN101568980B (zh) | 2006-12-21 | 2007-12-19 | 永磁铁及永磁铁的制造方法 |
JP2008550165A JP5275043B2 (ja) | 2006-12-21 | 2007-12-19 | 永久磁石及び永久磁石の製造方法 |
US12/519,878 US8262808B2 (en) | 2006-12-21 | 2007-12-19 | Permanent magnet and method of manufacturing same |
DE112007003122T DE112007003122T5 (de) | 2006-12-21 | 2007-12-19 | Permanentmagnet und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
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JP2006344780 | 2006-12-21 | ||
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Country Status (8)
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US (1) | US8262808B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5275043B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20090091203A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101568980B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112007003122T5 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2423748C2 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI437588B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2008075710A1 (ja) |
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KR101707239B1 (ko) * | 2010-08-23 | 2017-02-17 | 한양대학교 산학협력단 | η상을 갖는 R-Fe-B계 소결자석 제조방법 |
US9601251B2 (en) | 2012-12-07 | 2017-03-21 | Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg | Correction of angle errors in permanent magnets |
CN103205543B (zh) * | 2013-05-05 | 2014-12-03 | 沈阳中北真空磁电科技有限公司 | 一种钕铁硼稀土永磁器件的真空热处理方法和设备 |
CN103219117B (zh) * | 2013-05-05 | 2016-04-06 | 沈阳中北真空磁电科技有限公司 | 一种双合金钕铁硼稀土永磁材料及制造方法 |
CN103280290B (zh) * | 2013-06-09 | 2016-03-02 | 钢铁研究总院 | 含铈低熔点稀土永磁液相合金及其永磁体制备方法 |
CN104505206B (zh) * | 2014-12-04 | 2018-07-17 | 浙江大学 | 一种高矫顽力烧结钕铁硼的制备方法及产品 |
TWI564916B (zh) * | 2016-03-10 | 2017-01-01 | 中國鋼鐵股份有限公司 | 釹鐵硼磁石的製造方法 |
CN107464684B (zh) * | 2017-08-30 | 2020-04-21 | 包头天和磁材科技股份有限公司 | 烧结磁体的处理方法 |
CN112986874B (zh) * | 2021-02-07 | 2022-11-01 | 河北工业大学 | 基于空间正交三轴应力加载条件下的单片磁特性测量装置 |
CN113421761B (zh) * | 2021-06-12 | 2023-03-24 | 山西汇镪磁性材料制作有限公司 | 一种降低改性磁粉吸附能的高性能烧结钕铁硼制备方法 |
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JP2005175138A (ja) * | 2003-12-10 | 2005-06-30 | Japan Science & Technology Agency | 耐熱性希土類磁石及びその製造方法 |
WO2006100968A1 (ja) * | 2005-03-18 | 2006-09-28 | Ulvac, Inc. | 成膜方法及び成膜装置並びに永久磁石及び永久磁石の製造方法 |
JP2006303433A (ja) * | 2005-03-23 | 2006-11-02 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 希土類永久磁石 |
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JP2994684B2 (ja) | 1990-03-27 | 1999-12-27 | 日立金属株式会社 | 希土類永久磁石用原料の製造方法 |
KR100592471B1 (ko) * | 1998-10-14 | 2006-06-23 | 히다찌긴조꾸가부시끼가이사 | 알-티-비계 소결형 영구자석 |
CN1217348C (zh) * | 2002-04-19 | 2005-08-31 | 昭和电工株式会社 | 在r-t-b系烧结磁铁的制造中使用的合金和r-t-b系烧结磁铁的制造方法 |
US7199690B2 (en) * | 2003-03-27 | 2007-04-03 | Tdk Corporation | R-T-B system rare earth permanent magnet |
JP3897724B2 (ja) * | 2003-03-31 | 2007-03-28 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 超小型製品用の微小、高性能焼結希土類磁石の製造方法 |
JP2005011973A (ja) | 2003-06-18 | 2005-01-13 | Japan Science & Technology Agency | 希土類−鉄−ホウ素系磁石及びその製造方法 |
TWI413136B (zh) | 2005-03-23 | 2013-10-21 | Shinetsu Chemical Co | 稀土族永久磁體 |
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US7955443B2 (en) * | 2006-04-14 | 2011-06-07 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Method for preparing rare earth permanent magnet material |
JP2007287865A (ja) * | 2006-04-14 | 2007-11-01 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 永久磁石材料の製造方法 |
JP4811143B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-08 | 2011-11-09 | 日立金属株式会社 | R−Fe−B系希土類焼結磁石およびその製造方法 |
DE112007002010T5 (de) * | 2006-08-23 | 2009-07-02 | ULVAC, Inc., Chigasaki | Permanentmagnet und Herstellungsverfahren davon |
JP5090359B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-14 | 2012-12-05 | 株式会社アルバック | 永久磁石及び永久磁石の製造方法 |
JP4840606B2 (ja) * | 2006-11-17 | 2011-12-21 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 希土類永久磁石の製造方法 |
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2007
- 2007-12-19 US US12/519,878 patent/US8262808B2/en active Active
- 2007-12-19 CN CN2007800478011A patent/CN101568980B/zh active Active
- 2007-12-19 DE DE112007003122T patent/DE112007003122T5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-12-19 RU RU2009128024/07A patent/RU2423748C2/ru active
- 2007-12-19 WO PCT/JP2007/074405 patent/WO2008075710A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2007-12-19 KR KR1020097012985A patent/KR20090091203A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-12-19 JP JP2008550165A patent/JP5275043B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-12-20 TW TW096148952A patent/TWI437588B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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JP2005175138A (ja) * | 2003-12-10 | 2005-06-30 | Japan Science & Technology Agency | 耐熱性希土類磁石及びその製造方法 |
WO2006100968A1 (ja) * | 2005-03-18 | 2006-09-28 | Ulvac, Inc. | 成膜方法及び成膜装置並びに永久磁石及び永久磁石の製造方法 |
JP2006303433A (ja) * | 2005-03-23 | 2006-11-02 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 希土類永久磁石 |
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KR20090091203A (ko) | 2009-08-26 |
TWI437588B (zh) | 2014-05-11 |
RU2009128024A (ru) | 2011-01-27 |
US8262808B2 (en) | 2012-09-11 |
DE112007003122T5 (de) | 2009-11-19 |
US20100026432A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
JPWO2008075710A1 (ja) | 2010-04-15 |
JP5275043B2 (ja) | 2013-08-28 |
CN101568980A (zh) | 2009-10-28 |
RU2423748C2 (ru) | 2011-07-10 |
CN101568980B (zh) | 2011-12-28 |
TW200901246A (en) | 2009-01-01 |
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