Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
  • A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
  • A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
  • A21D13/02—Products made from whole meal; Products containing bran or rough-ground grain
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
  • A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
  • A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
  • A21D13/60—Deep-fried products, e.g. doughnuts
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
  • A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
  • A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
  • A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
  • A21D2/36—Vegetable material
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L19/10—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops
  • A23L19/12—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops of potatoes
  • A23L19/18—Roasted or fried products, e.g. snacks or chips
  • A23L19/19—Roasted or fried products, e.g. snacks or chips from powdered or mashed potato products
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
  • A23L7/115—Cereal fibre products, e.g. bran, husk
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
  • A23L7/117—Flakes or other shapes of ready-to-eat type; Semi-finished or partly-finished products therefor
  • A23L7/13—Snacks or the like obtained by oil frying of a formed cereal dough
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
  • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for making an improved sheeted snack food and, more particularly, to a method for making a multi-grain sheeted snack food having visual inclusions comprising buckwheat hulls.
• Sheeted snack foods such as fabricated potato chips and corn chips, are popular consumer items for which there exists a great demand.
• a starch-based dough is sheeted, it is next cut into pieces of a desired shape, and then cooked.
• the desired snack piece shape is that of a square, triangle, or circle.
• the pieces arc cooked (by for example frying, baking, or both) which reduces their moisture content.
• the snack pieces are seasoned and then sent to be packaged.
• a sheeter is a device commonly used in the food industry for making such flattened or sheeted food products (tortilla chips and fabricated potato chips, for example) in a continuous processing operation.
• a dough product is compressed between a pair of counter rotating sheeter rollers that are located closely together, thereby providing a pinch point through which the dough is formed into sheets.
• the dough can then be cut by, for example, a cutting roller to fo ⁇ n the shape of the product desired.
• Many dough products, particularly those that are com based (“masa”) have a tendency to stick to the sheeter rollers rather than dropping onto a conveyer for transportation to the next processing step, such as a baking oven.
• Whole grains are defined as containing the entire grain kernel (bran, germ, and endosperm) and can include coin, brown rice, bulgur, oatmeal, barley, rye, and buckwheat.
• a typical indicator to the consumer that a product contains whole grains is visible particles of bran in the product. It would be beneficial if whole grains could be included in snack products, with the whole grain being visible to the consumer, thus giving the consumer a visual confirmation that the product contains beneficial whole grains.
• bran or pericarp will accumulate on the sheeter wire or scraper blade, resulting in inconsistent removal of the dough from the rollers. Also, large pieces of bran or pericarp can be reduced in size by the physical forces encountered during the sheeting process. This reduction in size reduces the final visibility of the bran pieces.
• Buckwheat has gained an excellent reputation for its nutritious qualities in the human diet. Most of the buckwheat utilized for humans is marketed in the form of flour for which the primary end use is pancake mixes. Some of the buckwheat flour used in prior art buckwheat food products is whole grain and contains hulls, but these hull particles are not easily discemable as individual particles of the buckwheat hull. This is because approximately 99% of buckwheat flour (including hulls) will pass through a #60 U.S. standard sieve. Yet, consumer studies show that consumers are more likely to identify a product as having a whole grain content if the whole grain ingredients are visually apparent.
• the present invention is a method of producing a sheeted snack chip containing visible buckwheat hulls, without creating excessive build-up on the sheeter wire or scraper.
• sheeted snacks are those made by preparing a moist dough comprised of farinaceous materials, including but not limited to; corn, potato, rice, oats, tapioca, wheat, lime-treated corn, buckwheat flour, bean flour, barley flour, wheat germ, rye flour, sorghum flour, graham flour, and mixtures thereof.
• These doughs may also include added starches, gelatinized or ungelatinized, as well as leavening ingredients and other fats or emulsifiers. The moisture level of these doughs may range from 25% to 70% of the total dough.
• To this dough is then added ground buckwheat hulls having a specific particle size.
• buckwheat hulls can be from any buckwheat variety, but it is beneficial that they be brown or black in color, so as to increase their visibility.
• the most preferred varieties are Koto or Komo, because they are uniform black in color.
• the buckwheat hulls should have a particles size such that 99% or more by weight pass through a 20-mesh U.S. standard screen, and more than 80% by weight do not pass through a 60-mesh U.S. standard screen. Consequently, prior art unmilled buckwheat hulls are not acceptable as the buckwheat hulls component of Applicants' invention.
• Particles that do not pass through a 20-mesh U.S. standard screen accumulate on the sheeter wire/scraper and are large enough to cause holes in the dough sheet, and are thus undesirable. Residue levels above 1% on the 20-mesh U.S. standard screen result in excessive wire accumulation, holes in the dough sheet, and frequent production halts to clean the wire. Particles that pass through a 60-mesh U.S. standard screen, however, are not discretely visible in the final product. Levels above 20% through the 60-mesh, as well as not being discretely visible, result in an overall darkening of the product giving it a burnt appearance which is not favored by consumers.
• the ground buckwheat hulls are added to the dough at a level of .05% to 5% by weight of the dough. Addition levels below .05% result in insufficient hull visibility in the final product. Addition levels above 5% result in too many visible particle hulls, such that the product appears darker than consumers prefer.
• the dough is then reduced in thickness and formed into a sheet using rollers.
• the thickness of this sheet can range between .015 inches to 0.10 inches.
• the ground buckwheat hull particles are of a strong enough consistency, and of the appropriate particle size, such that minimal reduction in particle size is encountered during the sheeting process, and holes are not created in the dough sheet.
• the dough is then cut into pieces while on the rollers, or cut after removal from the rollers.
• the dough sheet is removed from the surface of the rollers utilizing one or more sheeter wires and/or scraping blades.
• the sheeted dough pieces are toasted, although this is not essential, and then fried or baked to reduce the moisture content of the final product below 4%.
• the final product has numerous visible buckwheat hull particles, without an unsatisfactory darkening of the overall product. Further, making such product does not require frequent production stoppages to clean the sheeter wire or scraper blade.
• the method provides a means of producing a whole buckwheat- containing sheeted snack, where buckwheat hull particles are visible in the final product, such that consumers can tell that whole grain buckwheat is present, but does not result in excessive accumulation on the sheeting wire or scraper blade, so that ease of manufacturing is maintained.
• FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of the method for making the snack chip of Applicants' invention.
• the first step involves mixing 102 the starting ingredients.
• This mixing step is characterized as a low-sheer mixing in order to avoid damaging the cellular structure of the starting ingredients and is intended to fully blend the starting ingredients. Further, this low- shccr mixing does not add a substantial amount of work to the dough that is produced.
• This mixing step 102 can comprise one or more individual mixing operations. For example, a first dry-mixing operation can occur where all dry ingredients are thoroughly blended and then combined with water to form a sheetable dough.
• dry ingredients can be mixed in a separate pre-blend step and then added to a wet ingredient mixture, such as corn meal, for a final mix to produce the desired dough.
• a wet ingredient mixture such as corn meal
• This dry pre-blend approach is most suitable for adaptation to food lines that produce corn-based chip products.
• the dough produced by this mixing step 102 is typically characterized as being starch-based and has a typical moisture level of between 36% to 60% by weight, preferably between 44% to 52%, or most preferably between about 47% and about 49%.
• the dough produced by the mixing step 102 is then subjected to a sheeting step 104.
• This sheeting step 104 can comprise a single pair of sheeting rollers or a series of rollers, each of which successively decreases the thickness of the resulting sheet.
• the advantage of using rollers in series is that less work is imparted on the dough during sheeting.
• the dough sheet produced by the sheeting step 104 is preferably in the range of .01 inches to .20 inches thick, and more preferably in the range of between .015 inches to .10 inches thick.
• the dough leaves the sheeting rollers during the sheeting step 104 as a cohesive and continuous sheet of uncooked dough.
• This sheet of dough is next cut in a cutting step 106, typically with cutting rollers.
• This cutting step 106 creates individual dough pieces that are then conveyed to a cooking step 108.
• the shape of the chip can be any of a number of shapes known in the art, such as triangular, circular, square, etc.
• the cooking step 108 can involve baking the pieces, frying the pieces, or other methods known in the food industry for cooking and drying snack chips, such as using microwave energy, infrared energy, impingement ovens, surface or bed frying, and various sequential combinations thereof.
• the dough piece can be baked to a certain moisture level and then finish fried, or par fried and then finish dried in an oven.
• the cooked snack pieces which now have a moisture level of below 4% by weight, and most preferably between about 1 % and about 3% by weight, are then subjected to a seasoning step 110 by methods known in the art, such as using seasoning curtains, seasoning sprays, or a seasoning drum.
• Typical packaging involves using a vertical form, fill, and seal machine in order to deposit the snack pieces into a flexible package for retail sale.
• One aspect of Applicants' invention is the addition of buckwheat hulls to the dough formed by the mixing step 102.
• a preferred embodiment of Applicants' invention requires that the buckwheat hulls added are ground to a specific particle size. Specifically, at least 99% of such ground buckwheat hulls by weight should pass through a 20-mesh U.S. standard screen and, further, more than 80% by weight of said ground buckwheat hulls should not pass through a 60-mesh U.S. standard screen. Stated another way, less than 20% by weight of said ground buckwheat hulls should pass through a 60- mesh U.S.
• ground buckwheat hulls of this particle size are added to the dough such as to provide that the buckwheat hull component of the final product is between .1% and 10% of the final product weight. In a preferred embodiment, this ground buckwheat hull component is between 0.1 % and 3% of the final product weight.
• the ground buckwheat hulls comprise about 0.3% to about 1.0% by weight of the snack chip.
• a preferable concentration of the ground buckwheat hull component in the dough is between about .05% and about 2% by weight. It is preferable that the ground buckwheat hulls that are added are generally dark in color. Applicants have determined that the Koto or Koma variety of buckwheat hulls arc an acceptable ingredient in this regard. It should be understood that this ground buckwheat hulls component of this specific particle size must be prepared in advance of the mixing step 102 to meet the specifications for particle size detailed above. This preparation step involves producing a ground buckwheat hull component meeting the particle size characteristics detailed above.
• the primary components of the dough produced by the mixing step 102 comprises farinaceous materials selected from a group consisting of com, potato, rice, oats, tapioca, wheat, lime-treated corn, buckwheat flour, bean flour, barley flour, wheat germ, rye flour, sorghum flour, graham flour, amaranth and teff.
• the dough can also have added starches, such as com starch or potato starch, and, in an alternative embodiment, can include leavening ingredients. Table 1 below provides an example of a com chip embodiment of Applicants' invention.
• the corn source for this formulation is typically cooked, milled com, but dried corn flour can also be used.
• the sugar component can be sucrose, fructose, dextrose, corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup, honey, brown sugar, or any number of artificial sweeteners.
• the buckwheat flour consists of a combination of whole buckwheat flour and light buckwheat flour.
• the whole buckwheat flour component is a buckwheat flour made by milling the whole buckwheat including the hulls. Consequently, greater than 99% of such buckwheat flour passes through a 60-mesh U.S. standard screen and is slightly grey in appearance and imparts a grayish color in the final product.
• U.S. standard screen is slightly grey in appearance and imparts a grayish color in the final product.
• ground buckwheat hulls Applicants are referring to a discrete separate ingredient of substantially only buckwheat hulls and not to any hull component of prior art whole buckwheat flour.
• the light buckwheat flour component is a buckwheat flour made by milling buckwheat without the hulls, thereby producing a flour having a white appearance.
• the buckwheat hulls component in the embodiment illustrated in Table 1 meets all of the particle size requirements listed above for the buckwheat hulls component of the most preferred embodiment of the dough.
• the hull level of the combined buckwheat components is higher than if Applicants only used whole buckwheat flour as the source of buckwheat ingredients.
• the hull component of the buckwheat ingredients used in Applicants' preferred embodiment is higher then the hull component of prior art whole buckwheat flour, specifically greater than 30% by weight versus about 25% by weight, respectively, in a preferred embodiment.
• Applicants' preferred embodiment is lighter in overall color than prior art whole buckwheat but with more visible hull particles.
• Applicants can use as levers the relative ratios of the ground buckwheat hull component, the whole buckwheat flour component, and the light buckwheat flour component of the overall ingredients in order to manipulate the color, texture, and surface appearance of the end product, in a manner not possible with just whole buckwheat and light buckwheat flour components.
• the dough of Table 1 is formed by mixing dry ingredients, any wet ingredients, and added water during a mixing step 102.
• the dough then is sheeted during the sheeting step 104 to a preferred thickness of about .030 inches to about 0.10 inches and then cut 106 to individual dough pieces. This sheeting thickness can be accomplished in light of the particle size requirements previously discussed.
• the cut dough pieces in a preferred embodiment pass through a toast oven using infrared heaters and heated belting to reduce the total moisture of the dough pieces from about 48% to about 24% by weight.
• the pieces are then fried in corn oil to a moisture level of about 1.1% by weight.
• the dough pieces could be fried first and then finish dried. Also, the dough pieces could be simply fried or baked.
• Table 2 below lists the components of the final product produced from the dough disclosed in Table 1 in accordance with the processing steps described above.
• EXAMPLE CORN CHIP FINAL PRODUCT FORMULATION Table 2 lists the components of the final product on a dry basis. This particular product receives high ratings from consumers for its taste, mouth feel, and multi-grain appearance. Yet, the starting material used for the dough (as disclosed in Table 1) is sheetable using current corn chip sheeting lines, such as those used to make traditional tortilla chips. As a result, there is not excessive accumulation on the sheeting wire or scraper blades during the sheeting step 104 using existing plant equipment.
• Applicants' invention has been described in respect to specific formula and processing steps, it should be understood that Applicants' invention encompasses broadly the use of a buckwheat hull component added to a food product to produce the desired visual effect within the operating parameters of the equipment used to make the product in question.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Nutrition Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
• Confectionery (AREA)
• Grain Derivatives (AREA)
• Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
• Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)

Priority Applications (8)

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Citations (5)

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• 2006
  • 2006-12-11 US US11/609,214 patent/US7897191B2/en active Active
• 2007
  • 2007-10-19 CA CA2671846A patent/CA2671846C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-10-19 CN CN2007800459078A patent/CN101605462B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-10-19 BR BRPI0719990A patent/BRPI0719990B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2007-10-19 JP JP2009541437A patent/JP4852154B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-10-19 MX MX2009006241A patent/MX2009006241A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2007-10-19 WO PCT/US2007/081950 patent/WO2008073575A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2007-10-19 RU RU2009126416/13A patent/RU2414128C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2007-10-19 AU AU2007333462A patent/AU2007333462B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2007-10-19 EP EP07844454A patent/EP2117323A4/en not_active Withdrawn
• 2009
  • 2009-06-09 EG EG2009060873A patent/EG25639A/xx active
  • 2009-06-10 ZA ZA200904084A patent/ZA200904084B/xx unknown

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