WO2007139058A1 - 金属蒸気放電ランプ及び照明装置 - Google Patents
金属蒸気放電ランプ及び照明装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007139058A1 WO2007139058A1 PCT/JP2007/060809 JP2007060809W WO2007139058A1 WO 2007139058 A1 WO2007139058 A1 WO 2007139058A1 JP 2007060809 W JP2007060809 W JP 2007060809W WO 2007139058 A1 WO2007139058 A1 WO 2007139058A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- inner tube
- outer tube
- distance
- discharge lamp
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 50
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 50
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthaleneacetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQKYKPLGNBXERW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-fluoro-1h-indazol-5-amine Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(N)=CC2=C1NN=C2 GQKYKPLGNBXERW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZEDZJUDTPVFRNB-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);triiodide Chemical compound I[Ce](I)I ZEDZJUDTPVFRNB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
- H01J61/34—Double-wall vessels or containers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J5/00—Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J5/50—Means forming part of the tube or lamps for the purpose of providing electrical connection to it
- H01J5/54—Means forming part of the tube or lamps for the purpose of providing electrical connection to it supported by a separate part, e.g. base
- H01J5/56—Shape of the separate part
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/50—Auxiliary parts or solid material within the envelope for reducing risk of explosion upon breakage of the envelope, e.g. for use in mines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
- H01J61/827—Metal halide arc lamps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/84—Lamps with discharge constricted by high pressure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/52—Cooling arrangements; Heating arrangements; Means for circulating gas or vapour within the discharge space
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a metal vapor discharge lamp and a lighting device.
- a high-luminance, high-efficiency, long-life metal vapor discharge lamp such as a metal halide lamp (hereinafter simply referred to as “lamp”)
- a metal halide lamp hereinafter simply referred to as “lamp”
- the conventional lighting device using the lamp as a light source includes a reflector that has a concave reflecting surface and reflects the light generated by the lamp force in a desired direction. It is blocked by a glass plate (a so-called closed type lighting device). The reason for closing the light extraction port is to prevent the broken pieces from being scattered outside the device when the lamp (arc tube) is damaged for some reason.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-11 96973
- the lamp since the lamp has a triple tube structure, it tends to increase in size.
- the arc tube and the inner tube, or the inner tube and the outer tube should be placed close to each other. In some cases, defects such as deformation and cracks occur in the outer tube, which may cause damage.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and can optimize the positions of the outer tube, the inner tube, and the arc tube to reduce the size of the outer tube while suppressing the occurrence of defects.
- An object is to provide a vapor discharge lamp and a lighting device. Means for solving the problem
- a metal vapor discharge lamp according to the present invention includes a metal vapor discharge lamp in which an inner tube is accommodated in an outer tube while the arc tube is accommodated in the inner tube.
- the shortest distance between the inner tube and the arc tube in the radial direction of the arc tube is A (mm), and the inner tube and the When the distance from the outer tube is B (mm)
- the shortest distance A is
- the arc tube includes a pair of electrodes facing each other on substantially the same line, and is a region between the pair of electrodes in a plane orthogonal to a virtual line segment connecting the pair of electrodes.
- the distance between the arc tube and the inner tube in the cross section where the distance between the arc tube and the inner tube is the shortest is a (mm), and is a region between the pair of electrodes.
- an illuminating device is an illuminating device including a metal vapor discharge lamp and a reflector that reflects light emitted from the metal vapor discharge lamp in a desired direction.
- the discharge lamp is a metal vapor discharge lamp as described above!
- the shortest distance ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ in the metal vapor discharge lamp and the distance B between the inner tube and the outer tube B When the above condition is satisfied, it has been found by the inventors' experiments that damage to the outer tube can be suppressed.
- the invention's effect is an illuminating device including a metal vapor discharge lamp and a reflector that reflects light emitted from the metal vapor discharge lamp in a desired direction.
- the discharge lamp is a metal vapor discharge lamp as described above!
- the metal vapor discharge lamp according to the present invention is a distance between the inner tube and the arc tube, the shortest distance A in the radial direction of the arc tube, and the inner tube on the imaginary line segment that is the shortest distance. If the shortest distance A and distance B and the dimensions of the arc tube, the inner tube, and the outer tube are determined within the range where the distance B to the outer tube satisfies the relational expression according to the present invention, the outer tube may be damaged. It is possible to obtain a compact metal vapor discharge lamp with a small amount.
- the shortest distance A between the inner tube and the arc tube in the radial direction of the inner tube in the metal vapor discharge lamp, and the distance B between the inner tube and the outer tube on the shortest distance If the relational expression according to the present invention is satisfied, the outer tube is less likely to be damaged, and if the dimensions of the arc tube, the inner pipe, and the outer pipe are determined within the range satisfying the relational expression, A compact metal vapor discharge lamp can be obtained, and as a result, a compact lighting device can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is an overall view of a lighting apparatus according to an embodiment, and a part is cut away so that the inside of a reflector can be seen.
- FIG. 2 is a front view of the lamp according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a front sectional view of the arc tube.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the positional relationship between the arc tube, the inner tube and the outer tube.
- Fig. 5 shows the positional relationship between the arc tube, inner tube and outer tube, and the relationship between the outer tube temperature and safety-reliability during the lifetime.
- Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the shortest distance A and the outer tube temperature with the distance B set to 0.34 (mm).
- FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the shortest distance A and occurrence of contact browning.
- FIG. 8 is a front view of a lamp according to Modification 1, with a part thereof cut away.
- FIG. 9 is a front view of a lamp according to Modification 2, with a part thereof cut away.
- FIG. 10 is a front view of a lamp according to Modification 3, with a part thereof cut away.
- FIG. 11 is a front view of a lamp according to Modification 4, with a part thereof cut away.
- FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of the cap portion in a state in which the lamp according to Modification 5 is mounted in the socket.
- FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of the base part in a state where the lamp according to the modified example 6 is mounted in the socket.
- FIG. 14 is a view for explaining the joining of the inner tube and the base according to the seventh modification.
- FIG. 15 is a view of the cross section taken along the line EE in FIG. 14 as seen from the direction of the arrow.
- FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the main body of the base according to Modification 8.
- FIG. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view of the main body according to Modification 8.
- FIG. 18 is a view for explaining the joining of the outer tube and the base according to the ninth modification.
- FIG. 19 is a view for explaining the joining of the outer tube and the base according to the modified example 10.
- FIG. 1 is an overall view of the lighting device 10 according to the present embodiment, and the inside of the reflector 16 is separated. Cut out part of it like this!
- the lighting device 10 includes a lighting fixture 12 and a lamp 14 attached to the lighting fixture 12. Note that the lighting fixture 12 is for a spotlight.
- the lighting device according to the present invention can be used for other purposes.
- the luminaire 12 includes a reflector 16 that reflects light emitted from a lamp 14 disposed therein, a socket (not shown) that is incorporated in the reflector 16 and to which the lamp 14 is attached, and a reflector 16. And an attachment 18 for attaching to the wall or ceiling.
- the reflector 16 includes a concave reflecting surface 20.
- the reflecting surface 20 is configured by using an aluminum mirror, for example.
- the reflector 16 is a so-called (front) open type in which the opening (light extraction port) 22 is not blocked by a glass plate or the like. Note that a lighting device using an open-type reflector is also referred to as an open-type lighting device.
- the socket is electrically connected to the base of the lamp 14 and supplies power to the lamp 14.
- a ballast (not shown) for lighting the lamp 14 is embedded in the ceiling (or the back of the ceiling), for example, and supplies power to the lamp 14 via a supply line 24 described later.
- the attachment 18 has, for example, a "U" shape, and connects a pair of arms 26 (, 26) arranged in parallel to one end of the pair of arms 26 (, 26).
- the reflector 16 is pivotally supported by the arm 26 (, 26) in a state where the reflector 16 is sandwiched between the pair of arms 26 (26),
- a connection part is attached to a wall or a ceiling, for example.
- the direction of the light emitted from the illumination device 10 can be adjusted by rotating the attachment 18 that is rotatable with respect to the reflector 16.
- FIG. 2 is a front view of the lamp 14 according to the embodiment.
- the lamp 14 has an arc tube 30 having a pair of electrodes therein and forming a discharge space, an inner tube 32 that is an airtight container for housing the arc tube 30, and the inner tube 32. It has a triple tube structure including an outer tube 34 as a protective container, and further includes a base 36 for receiving power from the socket of the lighting fixture 12.
- the present lamp 14 includes the outer tube 34 even when the arc tube 30 is damaged for some reason and the inner tube 32 is damaged due to the broken pieces. Therefore, the outer tube 34 will not be damaged.
- FIG. 3 is a front sectional view of the arc tube 30.
- the arc tube 30 is composed of a main tube portion 40 having a discharge space 38 hermetically sealed therein, and thin tube portions 42 and 44 formed to extend to both sides of the main tube portion 40 in the tube axis direction. It has an envelope 4-6.
- the main tube portion 40 and the thin tube portions 42 and 44 are made of a translucent ceramic, for example.
- a translucent ceramic for example, a polycrystalline alumina ceramic can be used.
- the main pipe portion 40 is substantially within the discharge space 38 on the central axis in the longitudinal direction of the lamp 14 (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “lamp axis”) or on an axis parallel to the lamp axis.
- lamp axis also simply referred to as “lamp axis”
- a pair of opposing electrodes 50 and 52 are provided.
- the discharge space 38 is filled with a predetermined amount of a metal halide that is a luminescent material, a rare gas that is a starting auxiliary gas, and mercury that is a buffer gas.
- a metal halide for example, a mixed iodide containing sodium iodide, dysprosium iodide, and cerium iodide is used.
- the metal halide is appropriately determined according to the emission color of the lamp 14.
- the electrodes 50, 52 are electrode rods 54, 56 and electrode coils 58, 60 provided at the ends of the electrode rods 54, 56 on the tip side (discharge space 38 side). And.
- a molybden coil 62, 64 is wound around the electrode rods 54, 56 to prevent the luminescent material from entering the gap. It is purchased at.
- the electrodes 50 and 52 are ideally (designed) so as to be substantially opposed to each other on the lamp axis, that is, the central axes of the electrode rods 54 and 56 are substantially on the lamp axis. Be placed. However, in practice, the central axis may not be on the ramp axis because of the accuracy of the process.
- power feeding members 66 and 68 having the respective electrodes 50 and 52 joined at the tip portions are inserted.
- the power feeding bodies 66 and 68 are sealed with sealing materials 67 and 69 made of frit poured into the end portions on the opposite side of the main pipe portion 40 in the narrow pipe portions 42 and 44, respectively.
- the portions of the sealing materials 67 and 69 appearing in FIGS. 2 and 3 are portions that protrude from the end portions of the thin tube portions 42 and 44.
- the end of the feeder 66 opposite to the side where the electrode 50 is located The end of the same feeder 68 opposite to the side where the electrode 52 is located is electrically connected to the power supply line 74.
- the power supply lines 72 and 74 are connected to the shell portion 82 and the eyelet portion 84 of the base 36 through metal foils 78 and 80, respectively.
- a portion corresponding to the base 36 side for example, a portion facing the other power supply line 72 or the power supply 66 connected to the power supply line 72 is, for example, quartz glass. It is covered with a sleeve 76 made of
- the arc tube 30 and the like described above are accommodated in an inner tube 32 having a cylindrical shape, for example, a cylindrical shape, as shown in FIG.
- the inner tube 32 is made of, for example, quartz glass, and the end portion on the side where the metal foils 78 and 80 are present is crushed by a so-called pinch seal method to a portion corresponding to the metal foils 78 and 80! It is hermetically sealed.
- the inner tube 32 is a single-sealed airtight container.
- the crush-sealed portion of the inner tube 32 is referred to as a pinch seal portion 86.
- the convex portion 90 at the tip of the other end of the inner tube 32 is a tip-off portion that is the remaining portion of the exhaust tube used when evacuating the inner tube 32.
- the reason why the inner tube 32 is evacuated is to prevent oxidation of the power feeders 66 and 68 and the power supply lines 72 and 74 that are exposed to a high temperature when the lamp is lit.
- the inner tube 32 is covered with an outer tube 34 having a bottomed tubular shape (that is, a tubular shape in which one end is opened and the other end is closed).
- the outer tube 34 also has a hard glass force, for example, and functions as a protective tube. That is, even when the arc tube 30 is broken and the inner tube 32 is damaged, it plays a role of preventing further diffusion of fragments and the like.
- the outer tube 34 has the same cylindrical shape as the inner tube 32, for example, a cylindrical shape, to ensure the compactness of the lamp.
- the inside of the outer tube 34 is in communication with the outside of the outer tube 34, that is, the atmosphere is open. It has become.
- the inner tube, the outer tube and the base including the arc tube are joined by an adhesive (for example, cement).
- the outer tube 34 has a function of absorbing ultraviolet rays that are emitted from the arc tube 30 and pass through the inner tube and that affect the human body when emitted from the lamp. Have it! 3. Positional relationship between arc tube, inner tube and outer tube
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a positional relationship when the arc tube 30, the inner tube 32, and the outer tube 34 are viewed from the lamp axis.
- the inventors have studied the arc tube 30 and the inner tube without causing damage to the outer tube 34 by various studies.
- the breakage of the outer tube 34 is the distance between the inner tube 32 and the arc tube 30 and is the shortest distance A in the radial direction of the arc tube 30 (hereinafter simply referred to as “shortest distance A”).
- FIG. 5 shows the positional relationship between the arc tube 30, the inner tube 32, and the outer tube 34, and the relationship between the outer tube temperature and the safety and reliability during the lifetime.
- the lamp 14 is turned on with the lamp shaft being substantially horizontal (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “horizontal lighting”), and the outer tube temperature is measured using a thermocouple.
- the outer tube temperature measurement in order to eliminate the influence of heat radiation from the arc tube 30 that the thermocouple receives, and to accurately measure the temperature of the outer tube 34, the outer tube calculated from the temperature change after the light is turned off. Using the law
- the lamp 14 used in the test has a power consumption of 70 (W), and the arc tube 30 has a maximum outer diameter D1 of the main tube portion 40 of 9.7 (mm).
- the inner pipe 32 has a thickness of 1.25 (mm), an inner diameter D2 of 13 (mm), and an outer diameter D3 of 15.5 (mm).
- the outer tube 34 has a wall thickness of 1.3 (mm), an inner diameter D4 force of 9 (mm), and an outer diameter of 20.5 (mm).
- the pipe wall load is set to 25.5 (W / cm 2 ).
- the shortest distance A and distance B according to the present invention are such that the arc tube 30, the inner tube 32, and the outer tube 34 of the lamp 14 are locally displaced from each other by shifting their tube axes. 32 closer (this distance is Corresponds to the shortest distance A. ), The distance between the inner pipe 32 and the outer pipe 34 (this distance corresponds to the distance B) is adjusted on the close line segment to set a predetermined value.
- the safety'reliability evaluation during the lifetime is “ ⁇ ”. More specifically, for example, when the shortest distance A is 0.53 (mm) and the distance B is 0.10 (mm), “2 X A + B” is 1.16. 1. 06 ”or more, satisfying Equation 1. The outer tube temperature at this time is 433 (° C), and the safety 'reliability evaluation during the lifetime becomes “ ⁇ ”.
- the power consumption power S 70 (W) is the power consumption power S 70 (W)
- the total length of the lamp 14 is about 100 (mm) to 120 (mm) (used) It varies slightly depending on the base 36).
- the arc tube 30 has a maximum outer diameter D1 of the main tube portion 40 of 9.7 mm.
- the inner pipe 32 has a thickness of 1 ⁇ 25 (mm), an inner diameter D2 of 13 (mm), and an outer diameter D3 of 15.5 (mm).
- the outer tube 34 has a wall thickness of 1.3 (mm), an inner diameter D4 of 17.9 (mm), and an outer diameter of 20.5 (mm).
- the shortest distance A is 1.65 (mm) and the distance B is 1.2 (mm).
- the size of the lamp 14, that is, the outer diameter of the outer tube 34, is 20 ⁇ 5 (mm) in the lamp 14 according to the present invention, whereas it is 30 (mm) in the conventional lamp. About 32% of compactness has been achieved. In this example as well, the outer tube 34 was damaged at the end of its life. • Problems such as browning of the inner tube 32 were observed!
- the contents of the investigation are the shortest distance A between the arc tube 30 and the inner tube 32, the inner tube 32 and the outer tube, by changing the dimensions and specifications of the arc tube 30, the inner tube 32, and the outer tube 34 without changing the dimensions and specifications.
- Several types of lamps with different distances B from 34 were prototyped, and a horizontal lighting (life) test was performed using the prototyped lamps. At this time, the temperature of the outer tube (the place where the temperature becomes highest) 34 was measured for each lamp 14.
- the measurement is performed in a compact instrument (equipment with the most severe temperature) required in the market.
- the outer tube 34 is broken at the temperature of the outer tube 34, and the browning phenomenon occurring in the inner tube is the inner tube 32 and the arc tube. It turns out that it depends on the distance from 30 (that is, the shortest distance A).
- the outer tube 34 is broken because the temperature of the outer tube 34 becomes high, a minute strain is generated in the glass material constituting the outer tube 34, and the strain is accumulated by the temperature rise and fall from the high temperature. Eventually, it turned out that cracks led to breakage. It has also been found that the deformation of the outer tube 34 due to heat occurs when the temperature of the outer tube 34 rises too much.
- the browning phenomenon that occurs in the inner tube is due to evaporation of the alumina ceramic alumina, which is the material of the main portion 40 of the arc tube 30, during the lighting, and adheres to the inner surface of the inner tube 32. It was found to occur.
- the amount of alumina adhered to the inner tube 32 of the main tube 40 is determined by the distance between the main tube 40 of the arc tube 30 and the inner tube 32. That is, when the distance between the arc tube 30 and the inner tube 32 is large, the amount of adhesion decreases. Conversely, when the distance between the arc tube 30 and the inner tube 32 is small, the amount of adhesion increases.
- the browning phenomenon of the inner tube 32 due to the deposit is a phenomenon that occurs when the inner tube 32 comes into contact with (or extremely close to) the arc tube 30 and is hereinafter referred to as “contact browning”.
- the inventors measured the temperature of the outer tube 34 by changing the shortest distance A between the arc tube 30 and the inner tube 3 2 in various ways while keeping the distance B between the inner tube 32 and the outer tube 34 constant. Went.
- Outer tube temperature measurement results Fig. 6 shows the relationship between the shortest distance A and the outer tube temperature when the distance B is set to 0.34 (mm).
- the temperature of the outer tube 34 is measured by the same method as the measurement of the outer tube temperature described above.
- the temperature of the outer tube 34 becomes 435 (° C) or more when the arc tube 30 and It can be seen that the shortest distance A to the inner pipe 32 is 0.36 (mm) or less.
- Figure 7 shows the relationship between the shortest distance A and the occurrence of contact browning.
- Figure 7 shows the results of visual inspection of whether or not contact browning has occurred for the lamps that have completed the above tests (the results are summarized in Figure 5), in order of the shortest distance A. If the occurrence of browning can be confirmed visually, “X” is indicated. If the occurrence of browning cannot be confirmed visually, “X” is indicated.
- the occurrence of browning can be suppressed by satisfying the relationship of the above formula 2. More specifically, for example, when the shortest distance A is 0.32 (mm), occurrence of browning has not been confirmed. Conversely, browning has been confirmed at the shortest distance A of 0.24 (mm). From this, the boundary of whether or not browning occurs is considered to be the shortest distance A is 0.3 (mm).
- the shortest distance between the inner tube and the arc tube is set to A, and the inner tube and If the distance from the outer tube is B, 2 X A + B ⁇ 1 06, A ⁇ 0. 3
- the distance between the arc tube and the inner tube in the cross section where the distance to the shortest is a (mm)
- the distance ⁇ is preferably 5 (mm) or less. Furthermore, 4 (mm) or less is preferable, and further, 3 (mm) or less is preferable. In other words, the distance ⁇ can be expressed by the following equation.
- the distance between the inner tube and the outer tube in the cross section of the arc tube on the plane perpendicular to the imaginary line segment that is a region between the pair of electrodes arranged inside the arc tube and connects the pair of electrodes is
- cross section 1 the distance between the inner tube and the outer tube in the shortest cross section
- the distance / 3 is preferably 2.5 (mm) or less.
- it is preferably 2.0 (mm) or less, more preferably 1.5 (mm) or less.
- the distance / 3 can be expressed by the following equation in other words.
- ⁇ (inner diameter of outer tube in section 1 outer diameter of inner tube in section 1) / 2
- the lamp can be reduced in size, for example, the hole diameter for mounting the lamp in the reflector can be reduced, the efficiency of the instrument can be improved, and the reflector can be reduced in size.
- the appliance efficiency here indicates how efficiently the luminous flux of the lamp can be emitted as the luminous flux of the lighting device.
- the power of the present invention based on the above embodiment is not limited to the specific examples shown in the above embodiment.
- the following modifications are possible. Can be implemented.
- one end (the base side) is open and the other end is closed, and the other end is hemispherical, but the outer tube according to the present invention is It is not limited to the shape of the outer tube described in.
- a lamp having an outer tube different from the embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 8 is a front view of the lamp 101 according to the first modification, and a part thereof is cut away.
- the overall shape of the outer tube 103 according to Modification 1 is a bottomed cylinder with one end (the base side) open and the other end closed, and the tube axis of the outer tube 103 is
- the shape is rectangular. That is, the other end 103a of the outer tube 103 (that is, the end located on the side opposite to the base 36) is flat.
- FIG. 9 is a front view of the lamp 105 according to the second modification, and a part thereof is cut away.
- the outer tubes 34 and 103 according to the embodiment and the first modification have a bottomed cylindrical shape with one end (the base side) open and the other end closed, and the cylindrical shape is a straight tube.
- the outer tube 107 according to the modification 2 has a bottomed cylindrical shape with one end (the base side) open and the other end closed, and its partial cylindrical shape. There is a bulge 107 a in the center of the tube axis direction.
- the shape of the bulging portion 107a is an arc shape, but other shapes, for example, a polygonal shape such as a triangular shape, or a trapezoidal shape or the like. May be.
- the overall shape of the outer tube is a three-dimensional shape obtained by rotating the shape of the longitudinal section around the tube axis of the outer tube 107.
- FIG. 10 is a front view of the lamp 109 according to the third modification, and a part thereof is cut away.
- the outer pipes 34, 103, 107 according to the above embodiment and the above-described modified examples 1 and 2 have a force constituted by a glass tube having one end (the base side) opened and the other end closed, As shown in FIG. 10, the outer tube 111 according to the modified example 3 is constituted by a cylindrical glass tube having both ends opened. That is, the outer tube 111 according to the modified example 3 has a cylindrical tube body 113 having both ends opened, and a closing body 115 that closes the other end of the tube body 113 (an end opposite to the base 36). Including.
- the closing body 115 here may have any structure as long as the inner tube 32 and the fragments of the arc tube 30 are not scattered to the outside when the inner tube 32 is broken due to the breakage of the arc tube 30.
- the metal cap shown eg, stainless steel
- the outer tube in the embodiment and the above-described modifications 1 and 2 is a straight tube having a substantially constant tube diameter (inner diameter and outer diameter).
- the outer tube gradually moves from the end on the base side to the distal end side.
- it may have a shape in which the tube diameter changes stepwise, for example, a tapered shape.
- the inner surface and the outer surface of the outer pipes 34, 103, 107, and 111 were not specifically described.
- the outer pipe according to the present invention has the inner surface (the inner peripheral surface) and the outer surface (the outer peripheral surface).
- Frost treatment may be performed on at least one of the surfaces. Further, this frost treatment may be performed on the entire inner surface and / or outer surface of the outer tube, or may be performed on a part of the surfaces. Furthermore, it may be applied to a part of the inner surface and a part of the outer surface. It is possible to prevent glare by frosting the end of the outer pipe opposite to the base (including the end).
- the glare prevention is not particularly described, but the outer tube according to the present invention may have a glare prevention function.
- This function may be performed by, for example, a glare prevention member.
- the antiglare member is an outer tube so as to block light emitted directly from the lamp to the outside of the reflector, which is not reflected by the reflector when the lamp is mounted on the reflector. You may comprise by the metal cap which covers a part of.
- the shape and structure of the outer tube covered by the metal cap is not particularly limited.
- the outer tube 34 described in the embodiment and further described in Modification 1 and Modification 2 will be described. It can be applied to the outer pipes 103 and 107 as described above.
- the metal cap described in Modification 3 also has a glare prevention function.
- the envelope 46 constituting the arc tube 30 in the embodiment is a force that is formed by separately forming the main tube portion 40 and the thin tube portions 42 and 44 and then integrating them by shrink fitting. Such an envelope is not limited to the envelope according to the embodiment.
- the envelope is not formed separately from the main tube portion and the thin tube portion, but is composed of a single structure in which these are integrally formed!
- the half of the main pipe part and the part that abuts the other half of the other main pipe part may be joined and sintered with paste-like alumina to be integrated.
- the envelope includes a cylindrical member (specifically, a cylindrical member), a ring member integrated by shrink fitting at both ends of the cylindrical member, and one end in a central through hole of the ring member. May be composed of a thin tube member integrated by shrink fitting.
- the envelope in this case is a so-called envelope.
- FIG. 11 is a front view of the lamp 117 according to the fourth modification, and a part thereof is cut away.
- a base 119 according to Modification 4 includes a main body 121 and a terminal portion 122 provided on a bottom 121a of the main body 121, as shown in FIG.
- the terminal portion 122 may include a pair of pin terminals 123 and 125, and the tip ends of the pin terminals 123 and 125 may be thick-diameter portions 123a and 125a.
- the base 119 has a so-called swan shape.
- the pair of pin terminals (123, 125) may be so-called G type or PG type without the large diameter portions 123a, 125a.
- the bases 36, 119 and the terminal parts 36b provided on the main parts 36a, 121 are not shown in FIG. , 122, and the terminal portions 36b, 122 are, for example, E type, Swan type, G type, PG type and the like.
- the outer shape of the main body portions 36a and 121 in Embodiments and Modifications 1 to 4 is a cylindrical body, the outer shape of the main body portion is not limited to such a cylindrical body. It may be shaped.
- FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of the cap portion in a state where the lamp 131 according to the fifth modification is mounted on the socket 133.
- FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of the cap portion in a state where the lamp 131 according to the fifth modification is mounted on the socket 133.
- a base 135 according to Modification 5 has a main body portion 137 and a terminal portion 139.
- the terminal portion 139 has an E shape and is screwed into the connection hole portion 141 of the socket 133. Force The shape of the base 135 according to Modification 5 is different from the shape of the base 36 in the embodiment.
- the main body portion 137 has a tapered portion 137a at the end on the terminal portion 139 side.
- the socket 133 also has a taper portion 133a corresponding to the taper portion 137a of the main body portion 137 of the base 131, where the taper portion 137a abuts.
- the taper portion 137a of the main body portion 137 of the base 135 is the taper portion of the socket 133.
- FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of the base portion in a state where the lamp 151 according to the modified example 6 is attached to the socket 153.
- a base 155 according to Modification 6 includes a main body part 157 and a terminal part 159, similarly to the base 135 of Modification Example 5.
- the base 135 according to the modified example 5 has the force having the tapered portion 137a in the main body part 137.
- the base 155 according to the modified example 6 has the step part 157a in the main body part 157.
- a stepped portion 153a that is paired with the stepped portion 157a of the main body 157 is formed corresponding to the stepped portion 157a of the main body 157 according to the modified example 6.
- the terminals 139 and 159 may be E-type force swan, G-type, PG-type, etc. I can do it.
- sockets 133 and 153 in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 are diagrams for explaining the mounting / connection relationship with the caps 135 and 155, and the configuration is different from the actual socket.
- the force used for bonding the inner tube 32 and the base 36 with the adhesive 48 may be used.
- a case where the inner tube containing the arc tube and the base are joined by another method will be described as a modification.
- FIG. 14 is a view for explaining the joining of the inner tube 32 and the base 161
- FIG. 15 is a view of the cross section taken along the line E—E in FIG.
- the inner pipe 32 according to the modified example 7 has the same structure as the inner pipe of the embodiment, and the same reference numerals as those of the embodiment are used.
- the inner tube 32 has a sealing portion whose one end is sealed in order to accommodate the arc tube 30 in an airtight manner.
- the sealing portion here is a pinch shield portion 86 crushed by the pinch seal method, as in the embodiment.
- the base 161 includes a pair of holding portions 163 and 165 for holding the pinch shield portion 86 of the inner tube 32 inside the main body portion 161a.
- the distance between the pair of holding portions 163 and 165 is set to be larger than the thickness F of the pinch shield portion 86 of the inner pipe 32 (which is a dimension in the direction of pinch sealing).
- Elastic members 167 and 169 are provided between them.
- the gap G (see FIG. 15) formed between the holding portions 163 and 165 (elastic members 167 and 169) is the same.
- the pinch seal portion 86 is narrower than the thickness F.
- the inner pipe 32 and the base 161 are joined by inserting the pinch shield part 86 of the inner pipe 32 between the pair of holding parts 163 and 165 of the base 161. That is, when inserted between the pair of holding pins 165 of the inner pipe 32 pinch shield ⁇ force S base 161, The pinch shield portion 86 is gripped by the restoring force due to the deformation and the inner tube 32 is joined to the base 161 without using an adhesive.
- the elastic members 165 and 167 are made of metal and have a vertical cross-sectional shape of “ ⁇ ” (here, two “ ⁇ ”) are connected. Zigzag))). With this configuration, the thickness of the elastic members 165 and 167 (the dimension in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the pinch seal portion is inserted) is deformed as the pinch shield portion 86 is inserted. And change.
- the elastic member disposed between the holding portions 163 and 165 is deformed along with the insertion of the end portion (pinch shield portion) of the inner tube, and the end portion of the inner tube inserted by this deformation.
- the shape, number, material, etc. there is no particular limitation on the shape, number, material, etc., as long as the (pinch heeled portion) can be fixed.
- the elastic members 165 and 167 in the modified example 7 have a zigzag shape, but other shapes may be used. If the inner tube (pinch shield part) can be fixed, the elastic member is provided between the holding parts. One may be provided. As the material of the elastic member, a metal material such as stainless steel may be used, or another metal material may be used. The deformation of the elastic member accompanying the insertion of the end portion of the inner tube is appropriately determined depending on the material, thickness, and the like.
- FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the main body 173 of the base 171 according to Modification 8.
- FIG. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view of the main body 173.
- the base 171 includes a holding member 175 for holding the inner tube on the base portion 173 a (portion corresponding to the bottom) of the main body portion 173.
- the holding member 175 has a bottomed cylindrical shape having a through hole 179 in the end wall 177.
- the holding member 175 is made of, for example, metal, and a part of the end wall 177 is a tongue piece 181a, 181b that is deformed as the end of the inner tube is inserted.
- the tongue pieces 181a and 181b are configured to be deformed by insertion of the inner tube through the through hole 179.
- the through-hole 179 connects a pair of parallel holes 1 79a and 179a parallel to a predetermined direction and the substantially center of the pair of parallel holes 179a and 179a. It consists of a connecting hole 179b and has a substantially “H” shape as a whole. Then, both side portions sandwiching the connecting hole 179b are tongue pieces 181a and 181b.
- the holding member 175 is obtained, for example, by drawing a metal plate having a predetermined thickness. The thickness of the metal plate is such that when the inner tube is inserted into the through hole 179, the tongue pieces 181a and 181b bend in the insertion direction.
- the holding member 175 in Modification 8 is provided with a flange portion 185 extending outwardly perpendicular to the central axis of the cylindrical portion 183 at the end of the cylindrical portion 183 opposite to the end wall 177.
- the flange portion 185 is fixed to the base portion 173a of the main body portion 173 of the base 171.
- the tongue pieces 181a and 181b of the holding member 175 are inserted with the insertion of the end portion (pinch shield portion) of the inner tube. If it can be deformed and the inner tube can be held by the deformation, its shape and material are not particularly limited.
- the shape force of the through-hole that determines the shape of the tongue piece portion may be the power S that is the letter "H” of the alphabet, the letter “K” of the Chinese character.
- the total number of tongue pieces is four.
- the shape and the like of the holding member 175 are not particularly limited, and the base may be configured such that the holding member 175 and the main body 173 according to the modification 8 are formed in an integrated structure.
- the main body portion 36a of the base 36 has a bottomed cylindrical shape, and the outer periphery of the end portion of the outer tube 34 and the main body portion 36a are inserted with the end portion of the outer tube 34 inserted into the main body portion 36a.
- the outer tube and the base may be formed in other shapes.
- the outer tube and the base are fixed with an adhesive 48 (for example, cement).
- an adhesive 48 for example, cement
- FIG. 18 is a view for explaining the joining of the outer tube 191 and the base 193 according to Modification 9.
- a base 193 of Modification 9 includes a main body portion 195 and a terminal portion 197.
- the main body portion 195 includes a disk-shaped base portion 199 and a holding portion 201 formed substantially at the center of the base portion 199.
- the outer peripheral edge of the base portion 199 is a flat portion 199 a that is larger than the outer peripheral edge of the holding portion 201.
- the outer tube 191 and the base 193 are connected with the inner peripheral surface of the open end portion 19 lb of the outer tube 191 in a state where the open end 191a of the outer tube 191 is in contact with the flat portion 199a of the base portion 199.
- the outer peripheral surface of the holding part 201 are fixed with an adhesive 203.
- the adhesive 48 is used for joining the outer tube 34 and the base 36, but other methods that do not use an adhesive may be used.
- a case where the outer tube and the base are joined by another method will be described as a modified example 10.
- FIG. 19 is a view for explaining the joining of the outer tube 211 and the base 213 according to the modified example 10.
- the outer tube 211 and the base 213 are connected by a connecting member 215. It has a structure.
- a protruding portion 211 a that protrudes outward is formed at the end of the outer tube 211 according to Modification 10 on the base 213 side.
- a plurality of the protruding portions 211a may be formed at intervals around the entire circumference of the end portion of the outer tube 211 or in the circumferential direction.
- the base 213 includes a main body portion 217 that holds the inner tube 32 and a terminal portion 219 that is electrically connected to the socket side.
- the main body portion 217 includes a disk-shaped base portion 221 and a holding portion 223 formed at the approximate center of the base portion 211.
- the outer peripheral edge of the base portion 221 is a flat portion 221a that is larger than the outer peripheral edge of the holding portion 223.
- a recessed portion 221 b that is recessed inward is formed at the end of the base portion 221 of the main body 217 opposite to the arc tube 30.
- a plurality of recessed portions 221b may be formed corresponding to the protruding portion 21la of the outer tube 211, with the entire circumference of the end portion of the main body portion 217, or at intervals in the circumferential direction! / ,.
- the connecting member 215 includes, for example, a cylindrical portion 215a that is fitted onto the protruding portion 211a of the outer tube 211 and the base portion 221 of the base 213.
- One end of the tube portion 215a is provided with an outer tube engaging portion 215b that is engaged with an end edge (an end opposite to the base side) of the protruding portion 21la of the outer tube 211, and the other end side is provided with a base 213.
- a base locking portion 215c that locks into the recessed portion 221b of the base portion 221 is formed.
- the locking portions 215b and 215c of the connecting member 215 are spaced from each other in the entire circumference or in the circumferential direction corresponding to the protruding portion 211a of the outer tube 211 and the recessed portion 22 lb of the base 213. A plurality of them may be formed.
- connection between the outer pipe 211 and the base 213 is made with the opening end 221a of the outer pipe 211 in contact with the flat part 221a of the base part 221, and the soldier end 22 of the opening end 221a of the outer pipe 211 and the base part 221.
- the connecting member 215 is covered with la, the outer tube locking portion 215b of the connecting member 215 is locked to the protruding portion 21 1a of the outer tube 211, and the base locking portion 215c of the connecting member 215 is recessed in the base 213. This is done by locking the inlet 22 lb.
- the force S that is structured to connect (lock) the outer tube and the base with the connecting member (locking member), for example, the outer tube is integrated with the base and the connecting member.
- the structure may be such that it is connected (locked) to a connected object! /, And the outer tube may be directly locked to the base.
- the power S with power consumption of 70 (W) the present invention is not limited to this number, and can be implemented as long as the power consumption is within the range of 20W to 150W.
- the inner tube is a single seal in which one end is sealed, but may be configured by a double seal in which both ends are sealed.
- the present invention includes a luminous tube, an inner tube, and an outer tube, and can be used for a metal vapor discharge lamp and a lighting device aiming at compactness.
Landscapes
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/160,744 US7741779B2 (en) | 2006-05-31 | 2007-05-28 | Metal vapor discharge lamp and illumination apparatus |
EP07744243.2A EP2031636B1 (en) | 2006-05-31 | 2007-05-28 | Metal vapor discharge lamp and illumination device |
CN2007800197696A CN101454866B (zh) | 2006-05-31 | 2007-05-28 | 金属蒸气放电灯以及照明装置 |
US12/819,053 US20100253220A1 (en) | 2006-05-31 | 2010-06-18 | Metal vapor discharge lamp and illumination device |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006152724 | 2006-05-31 | ||
JP2006-152724 | 2006-05-31 | ||
JP2007054583A JP4130842B2 (ja) | 2006-05-31 | 2007-03-05 | 金属蒸気放電ランプ及び照明装置 |
JP2007-054583 | 2007-03-05 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/819,053 Division US20100253220A1 (en) | 2006-05-31 | 2010-06-18 | Metal vapor discharge lamp and illumination device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007139058A1 true WO2007139058A1 (ja) | 2007-12-06 |
Family
ID=38778579
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2007/060809 WO2007139058A1 (ja) | 2006-05-31 | 2007-05-28 | 金属蒸気放電ランプ及び照明装置 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7741779B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2031636B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4130842B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101036970B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101454866B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007139058A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010056031A (ja) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-11 | Osram Melco Toshiba Lighting Kk | 高圧放電ランプおよび照明装置 |
EP2175475A3 (de) * | 2008-10-10 | 2010-09-29 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Einseitig gesockelte Hochdruckentladungslampe niederer Leistung mit Berstschutzkolben |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008210699A (ja) * | 2007-02-27 | 2008-09-11 | Osram Melco Toshiba Lighting Kk | 高圧放電ランプおよび照明器具 |
JP2009140732A (ja) * | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-25 | Koito Mfg Co Ltd | 車輌用放電灯 |
JP4613257B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-27 | 2011-01-12 | パナソニック株式会社 | メタルハライドランプ、およびそれを用いた照明装置 |
DE102009051537A1 (de) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-05-05 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Platzergeschützte Lampe |
US8519605B2 (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2013-08-27 | Panasonic Corporation | Metal vapor discharge lamp and lighting apparatus |
US9552976B2 (en) | 2013-05-10 | 2017-01-24 | General Electric Company | Optimized HID arc tube geometry |
KR101553020B1 (ko) | 2014-05-30 | 2015-09-14 | 한국전력기술 주식회사 | 자석잭 방식 원자로 내장형 제어봉 구동장치 |
JP5854341B1 (ja) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-02-09 | 岩崎電気株式会社 | セラミックメタルハライドランプ |
CN112117181A (zh) * | 2020-10-10 | 2020-12-22 | 罗璐 | 一种准分子灯及美容仪 |
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- 2007-05-28 KR KR1020087019017A patent/KR101036970B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2007-05-28 WO PCT/JP2007/060809 patent/WO2007139058A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2007-05-28 CN CN2007800197696A patent/CN101454866B/zh active Active
- 2007-05-28 EP EP07744243.2A patent/EP2031636B1/en active Active
- 2007-05-28 US US12/160,744 patent/US7741779B2/en active Active
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JP2010056031A (ja) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-11 | Osram Melco Toshiba Lighting Kk | 高圧放電ランプおよび照明装置 |
EP2175475A3 (de) * | 2008-10-10 | 2010-09-29 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Einseitig gesockelte Hochdruckentladungslampe niederer Leistung mit Berstschutzkolben |
US8018157B2 (en) | 2008-10-10 | 2011-09-13 | Osram Ag | Lamp with a base at one end |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4130842B2 (ja) | 2008-08-06 |
KR20090009776A (ko) | 2009-01-23 |
US20090316410A1 (en) | 2009-12-24 |
US20100253220A1 (en) | 2010-10-07 |
EP2031636B1 (en) | 2018-10-10 |
US7741779B2 (en) | 2010-06-22 |
JP2008010395A (ja) | 2008-01-17 |
CN101454866A (zh) | 2009-06-10 |
KR101036970B1 (ko) | 2011-05-25 |
EP2031636A4 (en) | 2012-03-07 |
EP2031636A1 (en) | 2009-03-04 |
CN101454866B (zh) | 2011-02-09 |
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