CA1305995C - Double-enveloped lamp having a shield surrounding a light-source capsule within a thick-walled outer envelope - Google Patents
Double-enveloped lamp having a shield surrounding a light-source capsule within a thick-walled outer envelopeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1305995C CA1305995C CA000575877A CA575877A CA1305995C CA 1305995 C CA1305995 C CA 1305995C CA 000575877 A CA000575877 A CA 000575877A CA 575877 A CA575877 A CA 575877A CA 1305995 C CA1305995 C CA 1305995C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- lamp
- light
- shield
- source capsule
- outer envelope
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
- H01J61/045—Thermic screens or reflectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
- H01J61/34—Double-wall vessels or containers
Landscapes
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A double-enveloped lamp having a shield surrounding a light-source capsule within a thick-walled outer envelope so that the lamp may be safely operated without necessity of a protective fixture. In the rare event of a burst of the light-source capsule, the shield absorbs and dissipates a portion of the burst energy sufficient to permit the thick-walled outer envelope to remain intact and contain shards and other internal parts within the lamp. In alternate embodiments, the shield may be reinforced, such as with a wire mesh, or the outer envelope may be reinforced, such as with a polymer coating, or both. A thin-walled capsule may be employed in combination with a shield and thick outer envelope. A lamp in accordance with the invention provides the unexpected benefits of improved luminous efficacy and better color rendering characteristics, since the presence of an optimally positioned shield causes the operation of the light-source capsule to be more nearly isothermal.
A double-enveloped lamp having a shield surrounding a light-source capsule within a thick-walled outer envelope so that the lamp may be safely operated without necessity of a protective fixture. In the rare event of a burst of the light-source capsule, the shield absorbs and dissipates a portion of the burst energy sufficient to permit the thick-walled outer envelope to remain intact and contain shards and other internal parts within the lamp. In alternate embodiments, the shield may be reinforced, such as with a wire mesh, or the outer envelope may be reinforced, such as with a polymer coating, or both. A thin-walled capsule may be employed in combination with a shield and thick outer envelope. A lamp in accordance with the invention provides the unexpected benefits of improved luminous efficacy and better color rendering characteristics, since the presence of an optimally positioned shield causes the operation of the light-source capsule to be more nearly isothermal.
Description
13~995 Unlt~ Stat~- Pat~nt ~0. 4,791~334, whlch ~--u-d ~- 13, 1989 ~-d Un~t~d State~ pAtont No. ~859,B99, wh~ ou-d Augu-t 22, l9B9, both ~or ~o-~e et al., and bo~ a~ d to the ~ igr1o- h-r-of, conta~n r-lat-d 81~'~eO~ att~r~
ntlon rel~te~ to ~l~c~ric la~ps and, re p~ rly ~ to doublo-~-svolop-~ l~pg ~ m~y b-ly op-ratod ~ out t2~e ne-d ~o~ ~nclo-~ng t2~-l~p w~thln ~ ~rotectl~e ~urs ev-n ~n t~ e~ren~ o~
a. burst o~ ner llght-~ourco C8p~U
~.
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' 13~S~95 ~ n a double-~nv-lop~d la~p h~n~ ~n lnn-r ll~h~-~ourc~ ~ap~ul-, t~or- 1- a all prob~blllty that t~- cap-ul~ wll~ bur~t. I~ uoh an ~v nt oocur-, tb- hot ~r~g~ nt- o~ ~lac- or ~h rd~ nd oth r c~p-ul-~art~ n~t~nq ~rD~ t~- burJt c~p-ul- ~111 b~
ror~lb~y prop~ d aqa~n-t th out~r rfvolGp-~ ~r th out-r ~nv lop~ al~o shattor-, thore ~y b- a sa~oty h~ar~ to p-r on- or prop-rty ln th i~ dl~to ~urrDun~ng-. In auch a C8--, a "cont~lnm-nt ~allur~U
ot th~ l~qp or out~r ~nvolop- ha- ocourred, 8~nco tha outor o m lop- h~e ~alled to contaln lnt~rn~ np part~ wl~hln ~h- la~p.
~ ho C~UJ- o~ a l~p cont~n~ nt ~llur~ 1- unknoNn an~ unpr-dlct~blQ. Th-r~ i~ no kno~n ~y to Ql~n~t-tho po--~blllty o~ ~UCh a ~all~ro. Alt~ouqh lto oocu~r-nc~ 1J r~ro, th- con--qu~nc-- o~ ~ cont~n~-nt ~llur- ~y b- -r~ou-. Th~ro~o~ , prot-ot~v-4-U~ - ~u-t ~- t~k-n.
~ np m nu~aaturoro rogula~ly notlry u--r- o~ th-po--~blllty o~ ~ cont~n~ nt r~lur by ~ 4n- o~
~rnl~g~ on pack~q ~ and ~n d--orlptlY- ~at-ri~
8ugg-~t~d p~oo~ut~on- ~r- o~t~n lnclud d ln ~p-41~catlon- ~n~ op ~atlng ln tructlon-. on- ~y to ~ol~ t~ ty b~-~r~ iJ to op-r~t- th- l~p wlt~ln prok ct~ xtu~- lt~ ¢apabl- o~ aontalnln~ ~uch a ~allur . T~ thod ~- ~oro acc-pt~blQ ln ~o~a-rclal uJ~g th~n ~n t~- con-u~ r m~rk t, ~ut lt hao dl-adv~ntag-~ ~n alt~-r ca--. A prot~ctl~o t~tur g n-r~lly lnou~ Ad~lt~o~al co-t, part~cul~rly ,. .
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` ~305995 87-1-097 -3- PaT~NT
1~ an xl~t~ng ~ixtur~ ha~ to b- ~dl~l-d or r~placod A ~ro~4ctl~ n- r~du¢-~ th~ llg~t out~ut o~ th l~qp so~wh~t ~t ~ay b- ~or~ di~lcult and ~xp n-l~ to r-~laa~ a l~p ln a prot at~ ~ixtur-, an~ r-~laa-m-nt o~ a lamp with a hatt-r-d ou~-r m lopo ~- lt~ a~-ty conc rn ~horo ~ay b~
oth r t-ohnlcal or ~-thotlc drawb-a~-~
A pr ~-rr-d olut~on to t~o containm-nt ~alluro ~ro~ cl-~rly a luqp capabl- o~ ol~
contaln~ nt To thl~ nd, ~h r ar- -voral Xnown tochnlqu-~ Ono toc~nlqu~ 1- to ~X~ th out~r nv lop~ ~trongor o ~hat it wlll eontaln In Unlt-~ ~t~t-- Patont No ~,598,22~ u d July 1, 19~6, to Gagnon, th rs 1- ho~n n outer m olopo h~v~ng ~ thlck out-r wall ln oo~bln~tlon wlth a ll~ht--ourc- cap-ul~ wlth a thin lnn-r w l~
Anoth~r t~chnlqu 1- that o~ ~hl~ldlng th out~r ~nv-lo~ ~ro~ th r~-ct~ Or ~ burJt ~ap ul- $n Unlt~d ~tat-- ~at-nt No 4,S80,9~9, l--u-d Aprll 8, 1986, to Fonl ~t ~ llght-trun-ml~lv nclo-ur- wlthln th- outor m lo~- urround- t~-llght-~ourc cap-ul- ~nd hl-l~ th- out-r m ~lop~
Al-o, -~ ~ chard t al , Unlt~d ~t~to~ Pat-nt No ~ 7~ u4d July ~ 81 Y-t anoth-r t-dhnlgu 1- to roin~orc- th~ out-r env lop~ or hl-l~ ~ oa c~ llght-tr~n~ lv- eo~ting ~ay b appll-~ to t~- out~ ur~ao- o~ th out-r m lop In oth-r ca--~, th- ohi-ld ~ay b r~lntoro-d by a ~lr ~ ~h urround~ng th out~ldo ~ur~ao~ th r~o~
.
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~30~i995 These techniques are effective, particularly with lamps of lower wattages. However, as wattage increases, e.g., one hundred and seventy-five watts and higher, the energy released by a burst capsule is proportionately greater. The mentioned techniques cannot be relied on for certain containment, and improved techniques are still being sought.
It would be an advancement of the art if a lamp structure were provided wherein the outer envelope would reliably contain a burst of the inner light-source capsule even where the lamp wattage may be one hundred and seventy-five watts or higher.
It is, therefore, an object of the invention to obviate the deficiencies in the prior art.
According to one embodiment of the invention there is provided a double-enveloped lamp which may be safely operated without a protective fixture.
According to another embodiment of the invention there is provided a novel structure for a double-enveloped lamp in which the outer envelope will contain a burst of the inner light-source capsule even in lamps having wattages of one hundred and seventy-five watts and higher.
According to yet another embodiment of the invention there is provided a self-containing double-enveloped lamp which has improved luminous efficacy, color-rendering ability, and life.
According to a further embodiment of the invention there is provided certain optimum values for wall thicknesses and , ,.
~ ~ S 99 5 cro~ e~t~onal ra~lus ratlo~ ~or th- con tru~tlon or s~ conta~n~n~ doub~o-env lop-d lu~po wlth l~pro~ d p~r~or~nc- c~sa~terlstlc~
S~ ok~-c*~ ar~ acco~pl~-h-d, ln on a-p-ot o~
th- ~nv-ntlon, by p~ovl~lon o~ 4 daubl - - m-lop-d ~lootr~ lu p co~prls~ng a llqht-tr~n~ v~ out r m lopo ~ncloc~ng An lnt~r~or The out-r nv-lop~
h~- a ~n~u~ ~ 11 thlckn~o ~hlch 1- gr at r than on ~llli~ot-r.
Th laop ~urth~r c~ pr~ llght-~ourc~ c~p-u~
~ounted wlt~ln t~o outer ~nv lop-. T~ llght-oourc-cap-ulo ha~ on op r~tlng ~tt~go. ~n~ llght-~ourco c~p-ulQ 1~ ~ub~ect to ~urst on raro occ~-lo~-.
M~an- tor s~lel~ng t~ outor om lopa by ab or~lng an~ dl-elp~tlng a portlon ot t~a n r~y ot a bus~t o~ t~a llg~t--ourc- cap-ul- ar lncl#d d ln th l~p. 8uch shl-l~lng ~n- ~nc~ud- ~
ll~ht-tson -l-ol~ dhl-l~ ~ount-d v~t~n t~ out-r nYclog-. ~h ahl~ld ~ub-t~nt~lly ~rr~und t~-t--ourc- c~-ul-.
~h ~- ~r- ~ on- wlthl~ th lu~p ~or provi~ln~
trlc~l po~ r ~ro~ an extornal ~ourc- to th~
1~ pt--oure cap-ul~ and ~or ~oh~nlcally c~pl~tin~
tb l ~ P-A con~Nptual d--orlptlon o~ th- lnv~ntlon i~ a-follaws. A 1~ in accord~ce w~th an e~in~t of the inv~ntion co~b~n tb~ ~hl-~d~ng ~ 4n- an~ thlc~-~all-d out r ~nv lop to 8ob~v th ~ cont~ln- nt ~-~tur~. In a~e4rn~ ~ bo~l~ nt , tb- ~nv ntlon rurt~r oo~bln--n ~n~rclng ~ ~n~ ~or t~o dbl-l~, o~tor anvolopo, or ~otb, ~n ord-r to enh~nc- th cont~n~ n~ c~abll~ty ,. . .
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Sgg5 o~ a part1oular la~p ~tructuro. In oth-r alt~rnate ~bo~ nt-, a t~n-wa~ ¢ap-ul~ may bo ~ploy~d ln co~b~t~on ~th th ohlol~ and thlck-~al~ ou~r nv-lopo and, po--~bly, ~lth rolntorc~n~ ~ ~n~ ~or th-~hl-l~, out~r env-lop~, or both~ ~or nh~nc d ¢ontal~ nt ¢ap-blllty ~n ~tlll ~urthor ~bod~ nt~, r d $~a~ ~ y b- u-~d ~or t~ and~or out r nv lop ~n accordanc- wit~ th~ inv-n~ion L~p- con~tructad in ao¢or~anc-- ~ith th~ embodiments will hav~ th ~blllty to contain ~ bur-~ o~ th~
llght-~ourc- cap~ule 6uch l~ap- ~ay b- op-ratad without t~ n~-d ~or a protoctlvo ~xtu~- Th~-l~p- will provld~ lmprovod p-rror~anc-ch~raot-rl~tlcJ ln co~p~r~on w~t~ t~ ir pr~o~ art count-rpart-~
~B~OII 0~
n ol-vatlon~l vl-w o~ on- o~bodl~ nt ot p 1n ~ ondanc- wlth th l m ntlon ~how~nq thQ
ll~At-~ourc- c-p~ulo, ~hlol~, and out-r ~nv lop-p ~tlally ~ cro---o~ct~on oo that w~ll th~ckn-~~y b- ob -r~d PlG ~ 1- an enlarg~d ¢ro---o-ct~on~ w o~ p ~0 along lln~ 2-~ o~ FIG 1, wlth ~art- r ~ov d 20r clarlty, ah~ng cro---~-ctlon~l radll ~nd w ll thlckn - - o~ tb- c~p-ul- bo~y, ~hl-ld, ~nd outor m lo~-.
FlC 3 1- ~ p~cto~ o~ ~n ~ bo~l~ nt oS a hl-l~ whlch ~y b- ~ploy d ln tha la~p o~ ~G 1, ~uch hl-ld includlng w~r--~ -h r-ln~orcln~ ~an-._ .
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13~S995 -7-- .
~. 4 i~ a ~ictorlsl viov o~ ~n x~pl~ o~ a shield which may be employed in accordance with one embodlment of the lnv-ntlon, ~uch ~h~ld bolng d~d on on- end ~nd includlng ~on d w~r--~ rolnrorc~n~
P~C. ~ 1~ a plctor~al v~Y o~ ano~r ~ple o~ a shield which may be employed in accordance with one emtcdlment of the inv ntlon, ~uch ~lol~ bo~ng op n at both endJ and ~noludin~ do~ d ~r~ro-~-h r-lnrorc~ng ~ano.
FSG. 6 1- sn l~v~t~on~l v~-w o~ or embodiment of a lamp in accordance with the invention, ~uc~ av~ng a ~ngle-ond-d m-t~-hal~d ~ro tu~a ln oo~lnatlon wl~ a ~h~-ld and t~ lled out~r lop~.
FSC. 7 i~ ~A el~vatlonal vlo~ o~ ~tlll ~noth-r embodiment of a lamp in accordance with the invention, ouc~ ncludln~ a sl~g~lo--ndo~ tu~g-t~n-h~lo~en ~pJulo, ~. oh~-ld c~pr~-lng ~ wl~ ~h, and a out~ rv-lop-.
FSC~ on l~atlonal vl-~r o~ ~ altonlatA
~bodl~nt, o~ a ~lro~ h shleld ~dhloh ~ay b- e~ployed ~n th- l~p o~ ~G. 7, ~u¢h ~ 10, b~ g ~ nte~ on t~ pr - ~ ~ o~ t~o llght-~oure- c~pJulo.
FSO. 9 ~ ~n ol~va~lon~l vl-~ Or an ~ bo~l~ nt ot ~ ~oublo-~nd-~ tung~t n-h~log n llght--ouro- cap-ul~
d ~lr--~ h hl~ld whlch may b~ eaploy-d ln ~ooord~nc~ ~lth t~o lnv-ntlon.
FI~. 10 ~- ~n ~-vat~on~l vl-~ or ~not~-r ~lt-rnat- obo4~ nt o~ p ln ~ooor~anc~ w~th th~
lnv-ntlon 1A whlch th- la~p lnolu~ ~ ~ th~n-wal~od ll~ht--ourca c~p~ul-, a ~hlold comp~ ng a wlr- m ~h, t~lcX-~all~ pr~a-od gla-- out-r onv~l~p~, and a ~olya~r coat~n~ a- rolnsDro~ng m- n- dl~po~-d on th-out-l~o ~ ac- o~ th outor ~m-lopo-3f~995 -a-FIe. 11 ~.J ~n sle~ation~L cro~ tlon~l vl~ of anoth~r e~odln-nt o~ a lamp in ACCOrdallCO Wit~ th~
inv ~cn, who~in 8UCh l~mp ha- ~ poly~ s coatlng on th~ out~l~o of tha outor env-~opo a- r-~nforclng ~-an~
~or t~o out~r ~nv~lopQ ~nd a wlxe-~o-A ~ountad on tho ~hla~d a- re~nforclng mo~n~ ~or th~ chlel~.
Fle. 12 1~ an ~l~vatlon~l cro~ tlonaL v~-~ o~
anoth-r o~od~nt o~ a l~p ln ~aeoxd~nc~ w~th lnv ntlon aho~ng ~ r~ otor-typo la~p, a dou~ n~d aro ~ube, a do~d shl~ld, and a thlc~ lled pro--~d~ outor envalop~.
F~G. 13 1~ a plctorlal vl~w o~ an alte~nat-~odl3-nt o~ a r~lector lamp ln accor~ance wlth th4 l~v~nt~on, th- l-n- ~olnq r~ov-d ~or cl~rlty, ~hoYing a d~u~ ndod tung~tsn-h~logan llght-~ouro~ c~F~ul~
a m--h ~hleld sus~un~lng the c~p~ulo, und a thlok-wallQd pra---d-y~a~ outer env lop-.
a u--d h-re~n, th- t~rm "llght-~ouroe ¢~ps~le~
d-not--: an ArC tuho 0~ an ~rc dl~ch4rg- lamp, tung~t~n-halo~-n ~nc~nde~c~nt c~p~ul-, or any ll~ht-^m~ttlng oap-ul~ havlng an lnt-rn~l op-ratlng pr--~uro d~ r~ng ~rom th~ op-ratlng pr~ure wlthln ~ 3 ~ 99 5 t~a out-r nv-lopc. Wh n uch a l~ght--ourc- cap~ul-op r~to~ withln an out~ env-lop-, th po--~blllty of l~ p co~t~ln~ nt ~llur- x~t-.
T~ typ~ o~ llqht-~ourc c~p~ul-, t~ alld re tub- or tung~ton-h~log n c~p-ul~
not cr~tlcal to th~ pur- contaln~ n~ runct~on o~ tb~
in~ ntlon. rroO a tr~ct conta~n~ nt vi-~po~nt, tb- pr --no- o~ an lnnor ¢~pJUl-~ cap-blo o~ burstlng r-l ~ ~g A c-rtaln a ~ t o~ ~ rgy, c~ tnln ~ d ~ rd , and ot~or cap-ul- ~rag~ont-, ~11 wlth ctaln l-v l~ o~ h at, rorc-, An~ or ~ ntuD~, 18 important. A~cardingly, one eDtDdlment of the Lnventi.on describes and ~clud a g n-rlc c~p-ule. o~ cour -, ln t~o d--c~ptlon o~ nny working ~ poal~lc ty~-and w~ttag o~ tha llg~t--ourc c pJu~- hOUl~ b-ntl~-d ln ord r to -l-ot r l~t-d la~p F~r~t r .
5b- t- ~ ~cont~ln~ ~nd ~oonta~n Jnt~ - U~-d hor ln ~-n that tho out~r ~nN-lop- ot t~ la p do -nok ~tt~r ~- ~ r ~ult o~ ~ bur-t o~ tha lnn r l~q~t--ourc cap-ul-. Wh~n cont~ln~ant oocur-, c~ ul- h rd~ ~nd ath-r lnt rna sp ~r~g~ nt~
r~ ln ~thln th la~p'- out-~ om lop- a~tor a ul- ~ur-t.
~ b- t r~ cacy~ and "lu~nou ~lcacy~ a-u~ ~ hor ln r~ a-ur- o~ t~- total lu~lnou- ~lux ltt ~ by a l~ght 60UrCo~ xpr~-- ~ ln lU ~ n- p-r ~tt~
~ tor~ ~hlglh r-~tta~ ~ p~oy d hor-ln wlt~
so~ 4no to a 1~ p (or la p c 9 on-nt) danot~ p or ~c pon~nt o~ p) h~vlng a r~t~ att~g- o~ on I hun~r d and vonty~ w~ttJ or gr-~tor.
'l ~3~995 87-1-097 -10- PAT~N~
The t-r~ ~thl~k" and l~thlnn ~- U~-d h~r-ln with r~-renoe to wall thickn~ onote ~ho ~ollowlng A
~t~lc~ or ~thlck-wallod~ outer ~nv-lop~ ~o~n- th~t th- ~lnl~u~ wall thickn~-- o~ th- c~nt~al po~tion o~
th- ~n~-lop 1- gr ~tor t~n on mllll~ t-r A ~thln~
or ~hln~ d~ llght--ource c~p-ule -~n- that the centr~l portion or bo~y o~ t~ cap~ ha~ xlmu~
wall thiokn~-~ o~ loo- th~n ono ~ tor In r ~l~ctor-typ l~ p~ thl¢~-walledn out-r nvelop-1~ ln~ndo~ to apply both to th- r~ otorl~-d ~ortlon o~ th- ~ut-r nv~lop- An~ to th- lon- portlon o~ ~h-out-r nv lop-~ lO 1 how doubl~--nv-lo~d lamp 10 co~prl~lng llght-~r~n~ lv out~r nv-lop~ nclo-lng ~n lnt~rior $n thl- ~bodl~-n~, nvolop~ for~od ~ro~ hard gla~ which h~ b- n blow-~ol~d Th- bulb ~ortlon o~ nv~lop~ 12 i- hown u~tantlally ~n o~o~ octlon ~o that r-latlvo wall thlckn ~ ay bo ob~orv d Th bulb ~ortlon of n~ lo~ 12 h~- ~
nln~u~ wall thlcXno-- ~ at ln~laato~ Although it ~ay not ~ vldont ln tho drawln~, th wall ~hl4kn -~o~ nv-lop 12 1~ not unl~or~ Thl~ polnt 1~
urp~l~lng Durlng th- blow-noldlng proc~ th-gl~ blo~n lnto tn- ~ulbou~ ~hap~ ho~n ln th-~lgur AJ t~ wall 1- t~tch-d lnto th- bUlb ~ap~, t~ w ll tbiokno-- 1~ roduc~d in proportlon to t~
d~gr~ o~ ~tr tchlng Thu-, th wall thlckno-- ~t lndlcàtor 16 L~ th~nn~r than at ~ndloator 18, ~nd lt 1~ slnl~u~ ~t lndlc~tor 14 whor- nvolop- 1~ ha~ b n ~tr toh~d to ~ gr at~t d~-- Fro- ~ oont~lnm nt vl~polnt, tho ~tr-ngth ~or ablllty to con~aln~ o~ any ',' :; ~
13~5995 ~11 ar~a o~ ~ lop- 12 1~ dl~oct~y r-lat-~ to th~
wall ~hlcXn ov-r t~at ar-~ It app-ar that nv lop~ 1~ is w-ak~-t ln t~- vlelnlty o~ lndlcator ~ , ln t~- middlo r~g~on o~ th bulb portion o~
env lop- 12 Laboratory oba-rv-~lon- o~ onv-lopo-whlch h~v ~all-~ to contaln corro~orat- thl- ract 81nc- th- w ak--t portion Or e m lop- 12 urround-c~p-ul~ 20, th m~nimum wall thlckn -- o~ th ~nv~lop-1~ A crltlcal ~actor tor cont~ ont, an achll10~
h- l B o~u - t~ ur~ao- ~r a ot a ~ o~-watt~g-~nv-lop- 1~ r~l~tl~-ly l-rg~, th w lght o~ th-nv-lop lner a--- ~ub-t~nt~ally wlth only a ~llght lncr ~-- ln nY lop- wall thiokn-a- A~eordlngly, th r- ~- a pr~ctlcal upp-r ~ound Sor tb- ~ln~u~ wall -; thlckn ~- o~ ~nv-lop~ 12, l--t th la ~ b- too hoaYy ~or a ~ bl~ ~o~ clal produ¢t ~ n th pr - nt embodiment ~lnl~u~ ~all t~ckno-- 2 1~ groat-r than on m~ t-r A pr-~-rsod valu- ~or 0~0 Lnch-~ ~whl¢h ls ~llghtly gr~at-r th~n on-~1111~ t-r~ For r-a-on- ~t rorth ~bov ~ t~l~
ll~ltatlon ~ a ~lgnLtlc~nt d~partur- ~ron that o~
blo~-~o~d d ~ m olop - ln th- ps~or Art.
L~ght-~ou~¢- c~p-ul- 20 ~- ~ount-d wlt~n out-r m lop~ u~ ~- ~y ~n~ o~ m~al otrapJ 22 ~nd ay b- w l~d to ~t~l ~ro~ 26. C~p-u~- 20 hao an op~tlng watt~g~, ~.g., ~ hun~r~ w~tt~.
A- xplaln~ a~r, ¢ap-ul- 20 ~y bur-t on rara ooeao~ or unltno~n raa~on-. In ~ ~o~ o~
F~0. 1, oa~ 0 1~ -d ~t~ d~
dl~- tub- to~d ~ro~ ~rtz ~l---.
~ o ~or hl-lO,~ng ~ lop- ~2 ~ ~ bus-t o~
o~-ul- 20 anl ~ountod wlt~ln ~nv-lop- 20.
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13~S995 87-1-097 -12- PAT~NT
hl-ldln~ ~ an~ functlon~ ~y ab~orbing ~nd dl-~lpatlng ~n rgy o~ ~ bur-t of c~p-ulo 20 uc~ th~t th r--idu~l n rgy and fora ~ any, which pa~- through t~-hlold ~nd r~a~h ~ m ~lo~ may b- aont~ln d by th-ou~ r nv lop-. In tho ~bodlm nt o~ F~ l, th hl-l~ln~ ~an ooqprl~-- llght-tr~n-al--lv~ rlgh~
~lroular ~ylln~-r ~8 ~hich urround- aap ul- ~0 t ~ally. In ot~ r o-bodl~ nt-, ~hl-ld ~ ~ay b~
do~d on on or both nd~ o th~t c~p~u~- 20 w~ll b-~or~ ~u~ly ~nalo-~d. In th- ov-nt o~ a bur-t o~ ~
oap~ul- 20, hl~ld 28 ~ay b- hatt-r~d by tho bur~t alt~ough, aa wlll b- ~xplaln ~, hl-ld ~8 ~111 n v rt~ lO~ orb an~ lpat~ a ub~t~ntlal ~ortlon ot th norgy and ~orc- o~ t~ bUs-t.
MJ~n- aro lnclud d ~lthln la~p 10 Sor provld$n~
al~ctrlo~l po~r ~ro~ ~n xt~rnal ~ou~ao to cap u~ 20 nd tor ~o~pl-tlng tho la~p ~t Noturally. In FIa. 1, ol-ctrloally ooN~uc*lvo ~r~ 26 1~ ho~n a- a ~lo~tlng~ ~r o, J~4nln~ that tho ~ra o l-l ~ lc~lly l~olat-d ~ro~ tb l~rp'- olrou~t ln or~ r to ~ ~uo- o~lu~ ~lgrat~on out o~ oap~ul- ~0. ~a~-ln Yl~ o 3- an~ l-ctrloally oou~l-d wlth th t~
d- o~ ~o- 3~ g., a ~oqul typ orow ba~ nd p~ovl~ ~o~ r to th l~otro~o- o~ ~ap-ul- ~0.
Tho c nt~ or~lon or bo~y o~ Ul- 20 ~
wall thlokn -- xt hl l~ ~ ha- wall thloXn o y.
ur~t o~ o~ wlo 20 oocur~, dbl-l~ ~ ab-orb-or ~ t o~ ~or all) o~ tb~ n rgy ot th bur-t. Ih xtJn~ o~ bur-t n r~y ab~o~b~4 or lpat-~ by hl~ J 1- rolat~d to th ratlo o~ y to x ~n~ ~oa ~ha~ ~or ~ ~kly, to th r~t~o ot th oro--- ~ lon~l r~11 o~ tho t~o oo~pon-nt-). ~or ;~
,, ~ e~
::
, . . .
" .
'~ ~ ' '' .
87-1-097 -13- PA~ENr gi~-n r~dll, th- ~ro~ntag- o~ bur~t en~rgy ab-orb~d or dl--lp tod by ~hl~ld 28 lncr~a~-- a- y~x lnar-a~
~ - th- ma~ o~ ~hl~ld 28 incr~a~- wlth r~-p-ot to th- ma-- o~ th- body o~ o~p-ul- 20 Exp~rl-nc~ ha~ ~hovn that th- op~n nd~ o~
S do not h1nd-r contalnm nt Th~ r-l~tl~ly ~vy pr ~ 1- and 14ad-ln w~r - o~ a~p-ul- ~0 ab~orb ub t-nti~l bur~t n-rgy Bur-t n~rgy ~ir~ct-d tovard ba~ 38 1- a~ao~b-d ~y tho l~p ~t~
na b~ nv lop- 12 19 blown ln th~ ba up po~ltlon Con--qu ntly, th~ ~all thlckn -- ~n top 40 ~po-ltlon~d do~n) i- gr at-r than ol--wh r- ~n t~
onv d op- b-c-u-- o~ th- gravltatlonal ~t~ot on th ~olt-n gla~- rOr th~ r~-on~, lt 1- not n a~ ry to lnclud- a dom d nd or nd- ~or ~hl~ 8 ~or oonta~nm-ntt th op n oyllnd r 1~ pr~rr d ~or co~t ~nd a-- o~ con t~uct~on ~ p 10 ~ploy- a eo b~na~lon o~ ~hl~ld 2~ and th~ck-wall-d nv lop- 12 ~or contaqn-~nt A ~a~or ~l-ad~antag~ ot lnc~ a-ln~ th- wall thloXn~- ot m lop- ~ u~r~clont rOr contaln~ nt ~lthout th ~hlol~ 1~ th lncr a n th- wolght o~ tho nv lop-A ~ ~or dl~d~antag~ Or incr a-ln~ tho wall thlcXn---o~ hl~ 8 ~u~lo~-nt ror contaln~nt wlthout a thlo~ out-r nv lopo 1- th ~ub-t-nt~al r ductlon o~
lu~lnouJ ~r~lc~cy 0~ th~ p t~- w ll ~- th~
lqpractlc l o~-ct o~ r gulrlng t~o ~ramo to ~
~t~ngth n d ~ub-t~nt~ally ln ord~r to ~upport tho ~ h~a~l-r ~hl-ld) ln tho ca-- ot A 8yl~van~
~our-hundr-d vatt Mbt-larc*l-Jp, th wall thlcXn--- or ~h~-ld ~ploy~d wlthln a t~nd~r~ out-r ~n~ lop~
, * Trade Mark :.
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13~5995 87-1-097 ~ A~EN~
mu-~ b~ gro~tor than three ~llllm~er- for oontain~ nt Thi~ ahi~ld wall thlckno~ cause~ a lo~-of luminou- o~floaoy ot approYimately flv- to ton p~rc-nt co~p~rod w~th th A~ M talarc 1~ with a ~t~nda~d ~m~lopo and no ~hi-ld A~ wlll ~ n, an opt~^lly po~tion ~ ~hi-l~ having ~ w-ll thlokn -- o~
~pproxlmat~ly 1 5 mllll~ r- 1n wcordanoo wlth th~
lnv-ntlon urprl~lngly improvo~ th~ lu~lnou~ ia~cy and color-r~nd rln~ abillty o~ th- la-p Whll- n~th-r ~hi-ld 28 nor ~nv-lop~ 12 alon~ 1~
ad quAt- for oontalnm~nt ln lamp lO, the co~blnatlon or th~ ~hld d and env-lop- 1~ adequat- ~or cont~ln~ nt T-~oratory exa-plo- o~ rour-hund~od witt ~ylvanla M~t-lare l~ r~ purpo--ly ~nduco~ to ~ur-t I~ hav~n~ ~ h~ with ~ll thlo~ne~
o~ a~proxl~at-ly on~ ot r and a t-ndard out-r m -lo~ oro th~n 21~ty pora-nt ~all-a to oont~ln In l~o~ ha~lng a thio~ out-r nv lop- and no hiold, allg~tly la-- than ~l~ty p ra~nt ~all~d to oontain In laap- ~a~lng ~ hl-ld wlth wall thlokn~ o~
ppsox~at-ly ~ 5 ~llll~ t-r- and a thl~ out-r ~n~lo~-, aont~ln~ont oaourr-d on- hundr~d pora~nt Or th tl~
~ h n a bur-t o~ cap~ul~ 20 occur-, hard- and oth~r oa~-ulo ~r~g~nt~ ~r~ ~orclbly prop-ll-d agaln-~
h~ 2~. In c--o~ o ~ho ~hl~ do-- no~
aont~ln, th a~ l~ld 1~ ~hatt-r d by th- l~paot o~
oa~-ul- hara~. 8~rd-, pr-doaln~n~ly ~ro~
~i-ld, ~r- ~orolbly ~rop ll~ ag~ln~t out-r m~lop-12, ~l~h to~ cont ~n. A por~lon o~ ~- bur~t n~rgy 1- con-u~ ~ ln tho ~h~tt~rlng or ~hl-ld 28 ~n~ ln ,,~
. . "
130~i~95 8~ 0~7 -lS- 2AT~NT
lmpartln~ ~om~n~u~ to th~ ~hleld ~hard-. 81nc~ tho ~ ct-d ar a o~ the ~hl~ g-norAlly larg-r thun that of th~ c~p~ule body~ tho bur~t en rgy p~r unit a~ea of th~ oh~-ld 1~ 40~ewhat r-duced~ Anoth r portlon o~ bur-~ n rgy i~ con~um d in do~orm~tlon of fr~o ~6 and ~hlold mounting trap- 30 and 32. ~o~
e~p~ h~r~- bounce O~r th. ~hlOla b~ok tow~r~ t~
o-nt-r o~ th~ c~w l- wh-r~ th-y collld wlth oth~r ca~-ul- hard~ golng in tho oppo-lt- diroc~lon.
Anoth-r port~on Or bur~t onergy i- d~-ip~tod by th-~-colllo5On- Th- ~r-cted ar~ o~ tho out-r ~nv-lop~
1- la~g-r th~n th~t o~ th- ~h5-1d, o that th bur~t ~norgy r-~c~lng tho out-r envelop~ urth r r~duc~d p r un5t r~a 5hu-, th- ~hl~ld ~b~orb~ ana dl~lpat-~ a ~ub-tAntlal portlon o~ tho ~ur~t en rgy v-n wh n lt do ~ not cont~ln Tho ehldk out~r nv lop- ~a- -u~lcl-nt ~tr-ngth to oontain th~
r-~ldual bur t n rgy that pa---- through or 1 tran~-rr-~ throu~h th- hl-l~
S~ FSa 1, 14~p 10 h~o a~ntr~l axl~ ~-V A- may o n ln th- dr ~lng~ o~p~ulo 20 h~ -hoat-r ~l-atln~ coatlng, g ~ zlrconlu~ oxl~-, on th-aa~-ul-'~ low r nd ln ord-r to ~ttaln n ar l~oth a l op-r~tlon o~ th~ cap-ul-. Shl-ld 2~ t~ in ~o~loctln~ h~at bacX to cap~ul- 20~ ~h~n th~ ratio o~
th- lnnor r~u- Or th ~hlold to th out-r r~dlua o~
th~ ca~-ul~ bo~y 1~ optl~l~y ~ ct~ ur~rl~nq r -ult ~- that tho o~ul- o~r~t-a hottor ~hl~h wa-ox~t-4) an~ l~o~ n-~rly l~oth~ tlch w~ not Xpo~t-d) ~., '~
f:3~9~5 87-l-097 -16- PAT~NT
FIG. 2 l~ an ~nl~rqe~ cross-~ctlonal vl~w of la~p 10 along l~no 2-2 o~ FIC 1, w~th part4 r~o~ed ~or clarlty Line 2-~ pA--4- ~rough th~ c~n~r o~
oap-ulo ao. Cap-ule 20, ~hl-ld 2~, and outor ~nv-lopo 1~ ~r~ hown a~ conc~ntrlc w~ bout axl~ V-V
R~dlu~ a oxt-nd- ~o~ axl~ V-V to th- outor sur~-ao of o~peul~ 20 R~dlus ~ ext~nd~ fro~ axl~ v-V to ~h lnn ~ ~ur~aoo of ~h~eld 28 Radiu- c ext nd- ~ro~
~xl- V-V to th lnn-r s~raoo o~ onvolopo 1~ Tho corr--pondlng dl~m~t-r~ ro twlc- th r-d~u~
~ t i- known that a llght-tr~n-ml-~l~e le-vo ~urround~n~ A ll~ht-~ouro- c~p~ul- wlll oon~r~e ho an~ that th- ~on-~rvatlon ~- ~roat~-t ~hon th~ ratlo ot th ~ur~a~- ~rea o~ tho cap~ul- body to th- ar-a o~
th~ v- appro~ch-- unlty ~or th- ld~al oa-- o~
ln~ln~to cylln~-r-~ 8~o C S Llu, ~ L~-YI~Y~ L~
C~ , Journal o~ tho Illu~lnatlng ~ngln~orlng 80cl-ty, Vol 8, No 4, Ju~y 1979 ~qplvalontly ln l~p lo, a- tho r~tlo a/~ appro~cho-unlty, h-~t oon-~rvatlon i- known to l~p~ov~
Jurpr~ln~ly, radiant h--t r~dl~trlbutlon tollow~ a dl~-r~n~ ~oal~n~ rulo Whon th ~ltional oon~tr~lnt o~ un~or~ h~t r~dl~trlbutlon 1~ impo-~d, an optl~u~ rad~u- ratlo, ~/b, 1- co~old r~bly 1~-~~han that ~or h-at con-orvatlon ol~ly In t~ aa--o~ th ~our-hundrod watt ~yl~nia ~ t~l~rc l~mp, th-o~tl~u~ r~d~u~ ratlo ~all~ wlthln th r~ngo o~
approxl~4toly ~ to 7 ~bor~tory xporl~ nt~
conduct d th~ r t-nd to ~how th~t thl- opt~-u~
rango ~ppll-~ rath-r unlv-r--lly to hlghor-watt~g ' ~
130S~
87-1-097 -17- PATEN~
The t~r~ Roptlmuo~ radlus ratlo ~oan that th-~t ~alu~- o~ lu~inou~ ffleacy and color unl~ormlty ar~ obt~ln~d ~hen th~ ra~lo i- wlthln th~ pr--crlb~d ran~ With lum~nou- e~lo~oy~ a ~Yl~ua valu i-o~taln d wlthln th~ Op~N~ rango R-g~rdlng color unlform~ty, v~rlou~ moa~ur-- o~ la~p ~olor, ~u~h a-th ~ohrom~tlalty ~oordln~t~ alntaln th- ~Jo or ~l~ilar v~lu - ~ithin th optlmu~ rango~ fro~ on l~p to tho n xt~ o~ r th llf- of th la~pt and/or when th la~p ~ op-r~t~d ln v rlou~ ori-nt~tlon~ h r-~poot to th d~r atlon o~ gravlty ~n th c~- of th~ ~our-hund~d watt ~ylvanl~ M~talarc l~p, optl~um lu~lnou~ c~cy ~n~ eolor unl~or~l~y a~ obt~ln~d wlth llght--our~- c~p~ulo h~ving ~n out r radlu- o~
~l~v n ~llllm~t~r~ and ~n inno~ ~hl-ld r~iu~ o~ 17 5 ~lll~ot~r- ~th- ratlo ~b b-lng ~3) ono would xp-ct h at eon-~rvatlon to o~our wh n ~hlol~ urround~ cap~ul- 20 AS may b- ~oon ln a. ~, tho h-lght o~ th cy~indrical ~h~old ln th~-b~ nt o~ th~ i m ~ntlon ~h-lght mo~-ur-d alon~
axla V-V) i- u~ l-nt to ~urround th pr~v~ ~-al~
latorally at th~ nd- ot c~p-ul- ~0 a~ w ll - t~
bo~y o~ th~ oa~-ul- ~h n tho ntlr oa~ulo i-l-t-rally urroun~od by tho hl-ld, thar- 1~ th ~d~ltlon l b-n~lt th~t th- op-r~lon o~ ~h~ o~p-ul-1~ ~or n ~rly l~oth~r~al ~t w~- antlc~t-d th~t ~lth ~hl-ld 20, oF~ratlng t-nporatur ~ ovor th~ body o~ oap~ul- ~0 would lnqr a~- unl~or~ly~ ~ho ~urprl-ln~ r -ult 1~ that tho ool~-~pot t~-ratur- 1-l-v-t~d to ~ gr ~t~r ~xt-nd th~n th hot--~ot t ~p r tur- ~ that th- dl~trlbutlon o~ op~r~tlng t~ ratur ~ ov r th~ body Or t~- o-p-ul~ oro ~ n arl~ l-oth~rm~l : j , , . .
-` 1 3~S99 5 B7-1-097 -18- PA~!IINT
Th-r- ar~ ~ub~tantl~l b~n~it- d-xlv ~ ~ro~ the ~or~ rly l~oth-r~al op-ratlon o~ cap-ul- 20, G~norally, ~o-t l-~p char~ot~rl-tlo-, o g , lu~nou-e~fi~ wy, l~prov- a~ tho op~r~t~on o~ th cap~ul-approach-~ th~t o~ ~ w th-rmal For ~ ~1Y - d hot ~pot t-~p ratur , th~ cold po~ i- hott~r than ~xp-ct-d ~n ~ 10 ~ prov~- color r-n~ltlon b o~ or o~ th~ ~ tal-halld~ addltlv- ~- ln th~ vapo~ ~tat~
For a slv-n col~ ~pot t-~p-rature, th- hot ~pot 1 cool-r tb~n oxp-ot~d ln la~p 10 Con--qu~ntly, th~
~r ~odlu~ an4 or oandlu~ ln th- dd~tlv w~ll bo ~ r~aot~ wlth tho quart~ wall or th- cap~ul~ ln tho vlalnlty or tho hot pot ~oc~u-- t-mp~ratur~
dl~-r-ntl~ r r du¢ d, th r~al tr4~ thin th-o~p-ul- ~all- ar~ o r duc-d ~ 1~ 3 1- ~ plctorlal vl-Y o~ hl-la 28 of l~p 10 ~h-r-ln th ~hl-l~ inalud-~ r ~n~or¢ing m~an-, ~uch 8-w~r ~-h ~0. ~-h 60 ~y ~ ~ount~d on hi-l~ 28 by -an~ o~ J-tal trap~ 5a and 5~, or lt ~ay ~ ~h~d-~wlthln th~ ~la-o wall In ~o~ bodl~ont~, n~h so ~y b- loo--ly knlK ~ own ln ~h~ d~awln~
b~o~ w o o~ tho knltt~ -h~- addi~lonal ~rgy--b-o~blng aapabll~ty ov~r th~t ot ~ rlgld ~a~h. ~talnlo-a t--l wlr- wlth a hlgh chroolu~
c~nt n~ 1- a ~r ~ r~d matorl~l ~or th- oon-truc~lon o~ tho ~o~h and ~ounting trap or tr~p- ~ooau-~ ot ita ~u~ rlor hlgh-t-~p-r tur- pro~-~tl-~, r latlv-ly lo~ coo~lcl-nt o~ th-r~al xpan~lon, ~oo~ r -l~tanc-to oxl~ tlon ~nd corro-lon, an~ hlgh t n~
~tr~ngth. An ~lt~rna~o ~t-rl-l ~or th- ~o~h ~ay ~la-~ or qu4rt~ throa~ rly wo~-n or knltt-d, '6 13~S99S
87-1-0~7 -19- PA~N$
~hioh ha- th- adv~ntag- thAt it~ dl-l-ctrlc proper~y ~111 not ~ncourag~ ~odium ~lgration rrO~ th- cap~ule.
Hlg~-t-~p-r~tur~ poly~r flla~ ne- ~r al-o ~uit~bls mat~rlal- ror tho ~ ~h.
~ t 1~ lrablo that the m~h ~ a-llght-trAn-~ lv a- po~-ibl- o that th r~ wlll b- a minlaal e~-ct on tha lu~lnou~ e~lc~cy o~ t~o la~p.
~h- ~o-h ~ , i.-., the nu~b~r Or tlt~he~ por lnch, ~nd ~ir~ di~ t-r ~hould b~ ct d uch th~t th ~o-h will contaln ~hArd- with ma~ rg~ onou~h to ~-l~ ly to cau-o a ~upturo o~ tho out-r nv-lop- in t~e ~ont Or a bu~ or tho lig~t-~ourc~ cap-ulo. ~hor 1- no r-qulr ~nt, how v r, that th ~ h r -tr~ln ~11 ~hard~ 5h- m~h~ llk- th- hl~ r~orm~ th-~unotlon o~ ~b-o~b~ng an~ d~-~lp~tlnq bur-t n rgy u~lcl~ntly to ~rmlt t~ out-r ~nv-lo~o to oontaln.
~o-h ~ nd wlr~ dl~m~t-r ~ay b- -l-~t-d ~uch that l~qp ~ cy 1- not unduly compro~
~ 0. ~ ~ow~ anoth~r x ~pl- Or a ~hl-ld ~hlch ~ay b~ ~ploy d ln aoaordanc~ wlth tho lm ~tlon. In thi-~bodl~ nt, hl-ld 68 1~ do~ d wlth ~o~ d ~ln~orclng wlr ~ oh 60 ~ount~d on th hl~ld by ~ an- o~ m-tal trap 6~. ~hl- hl~ld ~ay b mploy~d ln co~bln~t~on wlth a ~lngl---n~-d l~ght--ourc- c-p-ul-, or wlth A
doubl---nd d ~-p~ul- prov~dHd ~n op-nlng l ~do ln ~o~d top 6~ ~or th lo~-ln ~lr- or u~port.
~ n ~-~odl~ nt~ wh~r- a wlr~ ~ -h 1~ ~ploy~d, thor~ 1- th po--lblllty o~ ~n ~l-ctrlaal ~hort olr~u~t oau--~ by oontaot o~ th- ~lr ~ -h wlth both l-~d-ln wlr~ h~r~ thl~ ~o-~lb~ y 1- a conco~n, ono or ~oth lo-d-ln wlr-~ may ~ ln~ulat-d by ~ an- o~
P~
, ~
. , , -` ~3~;;995 87-1-0~7 -~o- PAT~N~
a dl~leotrlc ~leev~ or ooAting. It ~y b~ d--ir~ble to pr~v-nt th~ wir~ m~-h ~ro~ contactlng a ~lngl4 load-ln wlr or any co~ponent of ~h~ ~lectrl¢~l clroult 80 th~t odiu~ rAt1on out o~ th-llght--ou~c~ cap-ul~ wlll not b~ purrod by th-pr -ona- o~ th ~osh. A r ctlfying d-v~c~, ~.g., a ~od~, b~tw~ n th- m~dh and el~¢trioal olrcult, ~ay b~
~n~lud d ~ ~n addlt~onal pr~o~utlon.
FIG. 5 hoY~ anoth~r ~x~ple o~ A hl-ld ~nd r~nforolng ~ ~h co~blnatlon ~hor~ln ~hi-ld 2~
~lght alrcular ~yl~ndor op-n at both ~nd- and w~So h 70 1- do~ at ond 76 th-roof.
FSC. 6 lo ~n l~vatlonal ~ie~ of anoth r ~bo~l~ nt or a la~p in accord~nc- with th~
l m ~ntlon. Lanp 80 lncludo- ~lngl--~ndod ~tal-halld~
~ro tubo ~6 urround~d ~y dom d 4hlold 84 wlthln thlck-w~ out-r m~lop- 82. ~c~u-- o~ tho ab- na- Or ~n~ typ~ Or bur-t ro-tralnt, ~uoh A- -pr~ 1 And l-a~-~n wlr~, at top ~8 Or aro tub- ~6, hl~ ay bo ~oO ~ ~bov~ top 88.
~I~. 7 1~ an l-vatlonal vl-w ot tll~ anoth~r ~bo~ nt o~ a laa~ ln a~oordana- wlth tho lm ntlon. L~p 90 un~r~cor - th~ polnt that ~ wlr -h lt~-lr can ~ hl-l~lng m-~n- ln acaordana- wltn t~o lnv-n~lon, boc~u-o th ~ -h ~b-orb- and dl~ at--bu~t on rgy whlah, by ~ ~lnltlon, lo tho ~unctlon o~
th~ hl ld. ~aJp 90 ln¢lud ~ ~lngl--on~d tun~t-n-halogon ll~ht-~oure- capoul~ urround~d ~y wlro-~ ob. ohl-ld 96 wlthin thldc-~r~ d out-r m lo~
9~. 8hl-ld 96 ~y bo nohor d to th- l~p ~t~ by nahor~ng plr.~ 9~ nd loo. AJ thl~ ~bodl~ nt 13~S9~5 87-1-097 -21- PA~ENT
lllu~trate~, th-r~ 19 no r-qulrem~nt that the ~hl-ld b a olo-ed or contlnuou- ur~ac-. 80 ~ong - ~4-h 96 ~b-orb- and dl~lpat~- bur~t ~n~rgy ~u~rlcl-ntly ~or ~nv-lop- 9~ to contaln, th~ h~ hleld~ ln ~ocord~nc- w~t~ tb lnventlon~
F~oB. 8 a~d g $11ust~at- oth~r eYa~pl-- o~
w$ro~ h h~-ld- ~urroundlng ~ingl--~nd ~ and doubl---nd-a l~ght-~ourc- o~p~ulo-~ eith-r o~ WhlCh b~ ~ploy d ln co~blnatlon w~t~ a thlcX~all~d outor ~nv-lop~ ln ~ccordanco wlth tho lnv~ntlon~
Mountlng ~trap- 10~ 106, and 10~ aro ~ugg~-tod ln th~
drawlng~ Ho~ v~r, tho~- ~ountlng t~p- m~y not n c--~ary 8hl~1d- 96 and ~ ~ay b~ ~ount-d on o~p~ul-~ 9~ ~n~ 10~, r -p oti~ ly, by ~o~n~ o~ la-tlc ~n~ ~rlotlon~l ~oro-~ l~p~rto~ by th ~--h lt--l~ on th~ c~p~ulo.
F~a 10 1- ~n l-v~lon~l vlo~ o~ ~noth-r ~bo~ nt o~ p ln accord~nc- wlth th lnv-ntlon L~p 110 ~loy~ a thioX out-r n~-lop~
11~ ror~d rr~ pro---d gla-- ln la~p 110~
llght-~our~ oap-ul- lla ha- a thln-w~ body, 1.-~, wa~l thlckn~-- x o~ th ~ody or oap-ul- 112 1- 1--~~h-n on- ~llll~ot-r. Th u-- o~ a thln-~all-d oa~-ul~
oub~tant~ally r duc~- th bur~t oon~aln~ont r qulr4~-~t~ on ooop-ratlng lu~p co~pon-nt-. ~o Unlt~d ~ta~-~ Pat-nt No. ~,S9~,~25, ~-u d July 1, 19~6~ to cagnon, ~h-r-ln a tung~t-n-halo~-n la~p ha~ln~ a thloX out-~ wall ln co~blnatlon wlth a l~g~t-~ouro oap~ul- ha~lng a thln lnn-~ wall ~1.-~, ~ than .9 ~ t-r~ olo~-d.
.... .
3~5995 ~ n l~p 110, thln~ d cap-ule 112 i8 e~p~oyod with wi~ h ehl-ld 114 ~nd t~lck~ d envolope 118 8hlold 1~ ia ~ount-d on C8p-U~e 11~ by ~oan- o~
m tal strap 116 ~e~d-ln 1~2 i- ~nolo--d wlthln a dl~ tr~¢ l~-v to pr-v-~t contaot w~th wir~ h 114 L~p ~10 ~ay al~o hav- llg~t-tran~ni--iv~
r~ln~orc~ng m-an~ ~0 d~po--d on ths out-lde ~ur~a¢-of outor ~nv lope 118 R-ln~orclng ~ n- 120 ~ay b-ll~ht-~ran~ni--lv polyo r coatlng, 8Uch a- ~ te~lon co~pound or p-r~luoroalkoxy re-ln Th~ r~l~forcing coating ~ay bo appl~-d to th in i~ of t~e outer envclop- ln othor e-hodl~nt~
~ IG~ an ~levatlonal cro~ cctlon~l ~low o~
th la~p o~ FSC~ 1 w~er-ln la~p 10 eqploy~ wlro-m ~h r-ln~orcln~ ~an~ 50 on ~hlold as ~n~
ll~ht-tran~nl~-lv- ~ ln~orclng coat~ng 120 on th~
xt-rlor o~ outor ~nv~lop- 12 A l~p 130 do~on-tr~t~ udlclou~ cholc- o~ ~riou- r-ln~orcln~
means in accordance with the e:l~ts of the inventioII will enable l~qp ~lth hl~h-r wattago to b- ~a~ely opor~ted wlt~out th- noa lty o~ a protoct~v~ Slxtur-~ IG~ an l~vatlonal croo~ otlon~l Vi~Y 0a ~-~or-typ~ l~p ln a~ord~no~ tho lnvont~on. I~ 140 ha- t~l¢k-wall-d outor env-lope 14~ -od gla~-, havln~ llght-r-~loctlng ur~ 14~ d~po--~l on ~- ~t~rlor ~ur~ac~ o~, I.lght-tran-~ vo l-no 146 co~prl~-- a portlon o~
out~r ~v lo~ 1~2. out-r m-~op- 14~ h~ ~nl~u~
11 thloXn--- ~, w~ch ~y ooour ln t~ r-~loctlng portlon o~ tha out-r nv-lop- or ~n th- lons portlon o~ th~ outor ~m -lop~ ho~n ln th- dr~wlng).
~3~ S
87-1- 097 -~ 3- PA~EN~!
~ wall thi~kn4r~0 z i~l gr~ater ~ an ono mil~ e~-r ln ~çcor~nce wlth kh~ van'~ n. In thl9 ~odlm~, liqht-~surc~ o~p~ul~ 14~ dou~ nd~d ~atal-hallde ~r~ mount~d Along ¢sntral l~p ~xl~
A-A.. Lls~h~-t~n~ e~ro do~ hi~ld lSo ~ur~ourld~
cap~ulq 1~8 }at~rally ~n~ about o~o ~nd wh~r~ doma 1~
p~o~ri de~ bur~t r-l~tr~int for lon~ 14~ . ~h~ld ~ 50 ~ay b~ 20unted by ~ n3 o~ ~tal otrap~ 1.5B and 16û on ~rame wl~s 1~ an~ 156, re~pe~ely. Fr~ w~ro~
154 anfl 155 ara el4ctrioally ~olat~d ~ro~ lo~d-in wlre~ 16~ snd 164. When shi~ld lS0 ~8 optlm~lly po~ltlon~d in accor~an~ wi~h th~ invontlon, ~p 140 wlll hnva improvR~ e~lcacy and color ronde~ ng .
P~G~ 13 1~ ctorlal vlew or ~n ~l~ornat-~nboBiment oP A refl~ctor la~p in a~oordance wlth th~
inventlon. Refle¢tor l~p 170 incl~dQ~
dou~ n~r~lop~d ~ung~tRn halogen ll~ht-~ouroe o~psule ~7a mount~d wi~in thi~lc-w~ d ~flecto~is~d outer envelop~ l?q. outRr ~nvelop~ 174 may be~ ~or~od from prel~Qd ~la~. Mo~ hleld 176 ~urrounds o~lp~ule 172. ~tlield 176 ~ay ~e D~ounted on cap~ul~ 172 by r~ean~ o~ ti¢ snd ~rictlon~l ~orce~ XertRd by th-~eh lt~elf on th~ c~p~ul~ or wlth o~ ~ountlng ~trAp~
a~ou~ the pr~s oesl~. In FIG. 13, ~ho lone ha~ b~en oml~t~d ~or olarity. ~he mln1mum w~,l thia1a~ o~
both the out~r ~nv~lope an~ l~ns 1~ gr~lt~ th~n on-~mlll~r in ~coord~nce with th~ tQach~ng of 'ch~
lnv~ntion.
In any o~ above-mention~d ex~ple~, tho out~r ~nvel~ps or ohq 01~ ~wh~n the 3h~ ela i~ oth~r th~n qu~rt2) m~y b~ ~trengt~eno~ by 11 aultable ~ rlng i3~S995 87-1-os~ -2~- PA~D ~
proce~- ln whlch ~ hlg~ p~rma~nt ~tr~ induo-d ln tho gl~-~ pl~cing th~ outer ur~¢o in a high dogr~-o~ co~p~o--~on. U~e o~ t-mp~red gl~-- to n~an~ t~-conta~n~nt c~p~b~l~ty o~ ~ho out-r em ~lopo and/or h~-ld 1- Ylth~n tho ~oop- o~ th- lnv-ntlon.
ln ~any r-~loctor la~p~ woll a~ the oxa~plo l~p o~ FlG. 10), the out-r nvolopo ~- ~or~ d ~ro~
pr aaed gla~ n th -o la~p-, tho wall thlokno~ o~
tho ou~-r nY-lop- 1- g norally gr at-r than 1~ p-h~vlng ~low-~old~d env~lopo~. N~vorthol--~, th aontaln~ nt ~iluro proble- ~ay ex~-t, partlcularly in hlgh ~-~attAg~ p-. A- lllu~trAt-~ in FIG~. 12 A
13, tho t-achlng- o~ th~ pr -~nt lm ntlon ar~
lnt-nd-d to apply to pr ~-d-gl~-- m olopo4 a- w ll A~ blo~-~old d ~nvolop~, It l- b-li-v~ t~At th ao~b~natlon o~ a thlck-w~ll d out~r nv~lop- ~n~
nolo~ hl~ a ~ub-t~ntlal a*v nc-~ nt ot t~
l~ p art lrr rp ct~v~ o~ thO ~-~p typ or D~tho~ o~
ror~lN~ th out-~ ~nvolop~.
~a ~
An l~pr~v-d ~ylvanla ~our-hundr~ tt M~talAro lu~p ha- ~-~n d -lgn-d ln aocordanc~ wlth tho lnv ntlon. In th~ oratory xu~pl-, th t~l-halld~ re tub- i- ~or~ ~ ~rom quart~ gla~-h~vln~ a body w ll thlo~n--~ o~ ~pproxl~t-ly on-~llll~-t-r. Ih ~hl-ld i- a quartz (or ~yaor) rlght alrcNl~r cy~ln~ar, op-n at both nd-, vlth w~ll t~lc~n-~- o~ approxl~a~-ly l.S ~ t-s~. 5n~ out-r nv-lop- 1~ a blo~-~old d har~ gla~- ~nv-lop~, h~p d ,, ~ .
-" ~3~99~;
8~ 0~7 -~S- ~A~N~
ub~tantlally a- ~hown ln FIe lr ha~lng a ~ln~mu~
w~ll thlcXn--- or .o~o lncho- t-l~ghtly gr-at-r th~n on ~ t-r)~ Th- out-r nv-lop- 1- ~ tlaally ~al-d ~nclo-lng an at~o~phor o~ nltrog n at 400 ~orr cola pr---ur~ A flo~ting ~ra~ , a- llluatr~t d ln Fla 1, 1- qploy~d Tho arc tub ha- ~n out-r radiu~
of ~proxl~at ly 11 ~lll~ t-~ Th- ~hl-l~ ha- an lnn r ~lu- o~ ~prox~t ly 17 5 ~ t~r T~o out-r ~n~-lop ha- an lnn r r~lu o~ ~p~oxl~t ly 5B ~llll~ t-r ~h~ ratlo a/b i- approx~ ~t-ly 63 ln l~borAtory x~pl-~ purpo~-ly in~uc-d to bur~t, oont~ nt occurr~d on hundr d p-ro~nt o~ th t~.
Th- lu~lnou- r~iOaoy ~or th- l~bo~ato~ rlth t~- ~hl-l~ 1- pp~oxl~t-ly nln lua n- p r watt hlgh~r tban ln ~ co~p~rdblo la~p ~lthout th~ ~hl-l~, J-a~ur d ~t-r ~x thou-an~ hour- o~ - t t. ~h-oolor ohar~ct-rlotlo- o~ th- l~boratory ~Ya~pl- ~r algni~ioantly l~prov-d ~ hll- th r hav- b~ n ~ho~n w~at ar at ~r~--nt ~nol~br d to b~ th~ ~r ~orr d ~bodl~ nt- o~ tb-ln~ntlon, lt ~111 b- a~par-nt to thoo- klll-d ln th ~rt th~t varl~ua o~ango- and ~odl~loatlono can b~
~oln ~lthout ~partlng ~o~ th ~cop o~ th ln~nt~on a- d~ln~4 ln th app nd d clAl~
, . ... . . . . .
ntlon rel~te~ to ~l~c~ric la~ps and, re p~ rly ~ to doublo-~-svolop-~ l~pg ~ m~y b-ly op-ratod ~ out t2~e ne-d ~o~ ~nclo-~ng t2~-l~p w~thln ~ ~rotectl~e ~urs ev-n ~n t~ e~ren~ o~
a. burst o~ ner llght-~ourco C8p~U
~.
"~
' 13~S~95 ~ n a double-~nv-lop~d la~p h~n~ ~n lnn-r ll~h~-~ourc~ ~ap~ul-, t~or- 1- a all prob~blllty that t~- cap-ul~ wll~ bur~t. I~ uoh an ~v nt oocur-, tb- hot ~r~g~ nt- o~ ~lac- or ~h rd~ nd oth r c~p-ul-~art~ n~t~nq ~rD~ t~- burJt c~p-ul- ~111 b~
ror~lb~y prop~ d aqa~n-t th out~r rfvolGp-~ ~r th out-r ~nv lop~ al~o shattor-, thore ~y b- a sa~oty h~ar~ to p-r on- or prop-rty ln th i~ dl~to ~urrDun~ng-. In auch a C8--, a "cont~lnm-nt ~allur~U
ot th~ l~qp or out~r ~nvolop- ha- ocourred, 8~nco tha outor o m lop- h~e ~alled to contaln lnt~rn~ np part~ wl~hln ~h- la~p.
~ ho C~UJ- o~ a l~p cont~n~ nt ~llur~ 1- unknoNn an~ unpr-dlct~blQ. Th-r~ i~ no kno~n ~y to Ql~n~t-tho po--~blllty o~ ~UCh a ~all~ro. Alt~ouqh lto oocu~r-nc~ 1J r~ro, th- con--qu~nc-- o~ ~ cont~n~-nt ~llur- ~y b- -r~ou-. Th~ro~o~ , prot-ot~v-4-U~ - ~u-t ~- t~k-n.
~ np m nu~aaturoro rogula~ly notlry u--r- o~ th-po--~blllty o~ ~ cont~n~ nt r~lur by ~ 4n- o~
~rnl~g~ on pack~q ~ and ~n d--orlptlY- ~at-ri~
8ugg-~t~d p~oo~ut~on- ~r- o~t~n lnclud d ln ~p-41~catlon- ~n~ op ~atlng ln tructlon-. on- ~y to ~ol~ t~ ty b~-~r~ iJ to op-r~t- th- l~p wlt~ln prok ct~ xtu~- lt~ ¢apabl- o~ aontalnln~ ~uch a ~allur . T~ thod ~- ~oro acc-pt~blQ ln ~o~a-rclal uJ~g th~n ~n t~- con-u~ r m~rk t, ~ut lt hao dl-adv~ntag-~ ~n alt~-r ca--. A prot~ctl~o t~tur g n-r~lly lnou~ Ad~lt~o~al co-t, part~cul~rly ,. .
,~. ,, : `' `
` ~305995 87-1-097 -3- PaT~NT
1~ an xl~t~ng ~ixtur~ ha~ to b- ~dl~l-d or r~placod A ~ro~4ctl~ n- r~du¢-~ th~ llg~t out~ut o~ th l~qp so~wh~t ~t ~ay b- ~or~ di~lcult and ~xp n-l~ to r-~laa~ a l~p ln a prot at~ ~ixtur-, an~ r-~laa-m-nt o~ a lamp with a hatt-r-d ou~-r m lopo ~- lt~ a~-ty conc rn ~horo ~ay b~
oth r t-ohnlcal or ~-thotlc drawb-a~-~
A pr ~-rr-d olut~on to t~o containm-nt ~alluro ~ro~ cl-~rly a luqp capabl- o~ ol~
contaln~ nt To thl~ nd, ~h r ar- -voral Xnown tochnlqu-~ Ono toc~nlqu~ 1- to ~X~ th out~r nv lop~ ~trongor o ~hat it wlll eontaln In Unlt-~ ~t~t-- Patont No ~,598,22~ u d July 1, 19~6, to Gagnon, th rs 1- ho~n n outer m olopo h~v~ng ~ thlck out-r wall ln oo~bln~tlon wlth a ll~ht--ourc- cap-ul~ wlth a thin lnn-r w l~
Anoth~r t~chnlqu 1- that o~ ~hl~ldlng th out~r ~nv-lo~ ~ro~ th r~-ct~ Or ~ burJt ~ap ul- $n Unlt~d ~tat-- ~at-nt No 4,S80,9~9, l--u-d Aprll 8, 1986, to Fonl ~t ~ llght-trun-ml~lv nclo-ur- wlthln th- outor m lo~- urround- t~-llght-~ourc cap-ul- ~nd hl-l~ th- out-r m ~lop~
Al-o, -~ ~ chard t al , Unlt~d ~t~to~ Pat-nt No ~ 7~ u4d July ~ 81 Y-t anoth-r t-dhnlgu 1- to roin~orc- th~ out-r env lop~ or hl-l~ ~ oa c~ llght-tr~n~ lv- eo~ting ~ay b appll-~ to t~- out~ ur~ao- o~ th out-r m lop In oth-r ca--~, th- ohi-ld ~ay b r~lntoro-d by a ~lr ~ ~h urround~ng th out~ldo ~ur~ao~ th r~o~
.
i :
:, .. , ~,,~, ~,, ,~L, `
~'''''`` ` .
~30~i995 These techniques are effective, particularly with lamps of lower wattages. However, as wattage increases, e.g., one hundred and seventy-five watts and higher, the energy released by a burst capsule is proportionately greater. The mentioned techniques cannot be relied on for certain containment, and improved techniques are still being sought.
It would be an advancement of the art if a lamp structure were provided wherein the outer envelope would reliably contain a burst of the inner light-source capsule even where the lamp wattage may be one hundred and seventy-five watts or higher.
It is, therefore, an object of the invention to obviate the deficiencies in the prior art.
According to one embodiment of the invention there is provided a double-enveloped lamp which may be safely operated without a protective fixture.
According to another embodiment of the invention there is provided a novel structure for a double-enveloped lamp in which the outer envelope will contain a burst of the inner light-source capsule even in lamps having wattages of one hundred and seventy-five watts and higher.
According to yet another embodiment of the invention there is provided a self-containing double-enveloped lamp which has improved luminous efficacy, color-rendering ability, and life.
According to a further embodiment of the invention there is provided certain optimum values for wall thicknesses and , ,.
~ ~ S 99 5 cro~ e~t~onal ra~lus ratlo~ ~or th- con tru~tlon or s~ conta~n~n~ doub~o-env lop-d lu~po wlth l~pro~ d p~r~or~nc- c~sa~terlstlc~
S~ ok~-c*~ ar~ acco~pl~-h-d, ln on a-p-ot o~
th- ~nv-ntlon, by p~ovl~lon o~ 4 daubl - - m-lop-d ~lootr~ lu p co~prls~ng a llqht-tr~n~ v~ out r m lopo ~ncloc~ng An lnt~r~or The out-r nv-lop~
h~- a ~n~u~ ~ 11 thlckn~o ~hlch 1- gr at r than on ~llli~ot-r.
Th laop ~urth~r c~ pr~ llght-~ourc~ c~p-u~
~ounted wlt~ln t~o outer ~nv lop-. T~ llght-oourc-cap-ulo ha~ on op r~tlng ~tt~go. ~n~ llght-~ourco c~p-ulQ 1~ ~ub~ect to ~urst on raro occ~-lo~-.
M~an- tor s~lel~ng t~ outor om lopa by ab or~lng an~ dl-elp~tlng a portlon ot t~a n r~y ot a bus~t o~ t~a llg~t--ourc- cap-ul- ar lncl#d d ln th l~p. 8uch shl-l~lng ~n- ~nc~ud- ~
ll~ht-tson -l-ol~ dhl-l~ ~ount-d v~t~n t~ out-r nYclog-. ~h ahl~ld ~ub-t~nt~lly ~rr~und t~-t--ourc- c~-ul-.
~h ~- ~r- ~ on- wlthl~ th lu~p ~or provi~ln~
trlc~l po~ r ~ro~ an extornal ~ourc- to th~
1~ pt--oure cap-ul~ and ~or ~oh~nlcally c~pl~tin~
tb l ~ P-A con~Nptual d--orlptlon o~ th- lnv~ntlon i~ a-follaws. A 1~ in accord~ce w~th an e~in~t of the inv~ntion co~b~n tb~ ~hl-~d~ng ~ 4n- an~ thlc~-~all-d out r ~nv lop to 8ob~v th ~ cont~ln- nt ~-~tur~. In a~e4rn~ ~ bo~l~ nt , tb- ~nv ntlon rurt~r oo~bln--n ~n~rclng ~ ~n~ ~or t~o dbl-l~, o~tor anvolopo, or ~otb, ~n ord-r to enh~nc- th cont~n~ n~ c~abll~ty ,. . .
~, v' . ~
; ~,,,,,~,....
Sgg5 o~ a part1oular la~p ~tructuro. In oth-r alt~rnate ~bo~ nt-, a t~n-wa~ ¢ap-ul~ may bo ~ploy~d ln co~b~t~on ~th th ohlol~ and thlck-~al~ ou~r nv-lopo and, po--~bly, ~lth rolntorc~n~ ~ ~n~ ~or th-~hl-l~, out~r env-lop~, or both~ ~or nh~nc d ¢ontal~ nt ¢ap-blllty ~n ~tlll ~urthor ~bod~ nt~, r d $~a~ ~ y b- u-~d ~or t~ and~or out r nv lop ~n accordanc- wit~ th~ inv-n~ion L~p- con~tructad in ao¢or~anc-- ~ith th~ embodiments will hav~ th ~blllty to contain ~ bur-~ o~ th~
llght-~ourc- cap~ule 6uch l~ap- ~ay b- op-ratad without t~ n~-d ~or a protoctlvo ~xtu~- Th~-l~p- will provld~ lmprovod p-rror~anc-ch~raot-rl~tlcJ ln co~p~r~on w~t~ t~ ir pr~o~ art count-rpart-~
~B~OII 0~
n ol-vatlon~l vl-w o~ on- o~bodl~ nt ot p 1n ~ ondanc- wlth th l m ntlon ~how~nq thQ
ll~At-~ourc- c-p~ulo, ~hlol~, and out-r ~nv lop-p ~tlally ~ cro---o~ct~on oo that w~ll th~ckn-~~y b- ob -r~d PlG ~ 1- an enlarg~d ¢ro---o-ct~on~ w o~ p ~0 along lln~ 2-~ o~ FIG 1, wlth ~art- r ~ov d 20r clarlty, ah~ng cro---~-ctlon~l radll ~nd w ll thlckn - - o~ tb- c~p-ul- bo~y, ~hl-ld, ~nd outor m lo~-.
FlC 3 1- ~ p~cto~ o~ ~n ~ bo~l~ nt oS a hl-l~ whlch ~y b- ~ploy d ln tha la~p o~ ~G 1, ~uch hl-ld includlng w~r--~ -h r-ln~orcln~ ~an-._ .
.:
~ ,, .
13~S995 -7-- .
~. 4 i~ a ~ictorlsl viov o~ ~n x~pl~ o~ a shield which may be employed in accordance with one embodlment of the lnv-ntlon, ~uch ~h~ld bolng d~d on on- end ~nd includlng ~on d w~r--~ rolnrorc~n~
P~C. ~ 1~ a plctor~al v~Y o~ ano~r ~ple o~ a shield which may be employed in accordance with one emtcdlment of the inv ntlon, ~uch ~lol~ bo~ng op n at both endJ and ~noludin~ do~ d ~r~ro-~-h r-lnrorc~ng ~ano.
FSG. 6 1- sn l~v~t~on~l v~-w o~ or embodiment of a lamp in accordance with the invention, ~uc~ av~ng a ~ngle-ond-d m-t~-hal~d ~ro tu~a ln oo~lnatlon wl~ a ~h~-ld and t~ lled out~r lop~.
FSC. 7 i~ ~A el~vatlonal vlo~ o~ ~tlll ~noth-r embodiment of a lamp in accordance with the invention, ouc~ ncludln~ a sl~g~lo--ndo~ tu~g-t~n-h~lo~en ~pJulo, ~. oh~-ld c~pr~-lng ~ wl~ ~h, and a out~ rv-lop-.
FSC~ on l~atlonal vl-~r o~ ~ altonlatA
~bodl~nt, o~ a ~lro~ h shleld ~dhloh ~ay b- e~ployed ~n th- l~p o~ ~G. 7, ~u¢h ~ 10, b~ g ~ nte~ on t~ pr - ~ ~ o~ t~o llght-~oure- c~pJulo.
FSO. 9 ~ ~n ol~va~lon~l vl-~ Or an ~ bo~l~ nt ot ~ ~oublo-~nd-~ tung~t n-h~log n llght--ouro- cap-ul~
d ~lr--~ h hl~ld whlch may b~ eaploy-d ln ~ooord~nc~ ~lth t~o lnv-ntlon.
FI~. 10 ~- ~n ~-vat~on~l vl-~ or ~not~-r ~lt-rnat- obo4~ nt o~ p ln ~ooor~anc~ w~th th~
lnv-ntlon 1A whlch th- la~p lnolu~ ~ ~ th~n-wal~od ll~ht--ourca c~p~ul-, a ~hlold comp~ ng a wlr- m ~h, t~lcX-~all~ pr~a-od gla-- out-r onv~l~p~, and a ~olya~r coat~n~ a- rolnsDro~ng m- n- dl~po~-d on th-out-l~o ~ ac- o~ th outor ~m-lopo-3f~995 -a-FIe. 11 ~.J ~n sle~ation~L cro~ tlon~l vl~ of anoth~r e~odln-nt o~ a lamp in ACCOrdallCO Wit~ th~
inv ~cn, who~in 8UCh l~mp ha- ~ poly~ s coatlng on th~ out~l~o of tha outor env-~opo a- r-~nforclng ~-an~
~or t~o out~r ~nv~lopQ ~nd a wlxe-~o-A ~ountad on tho ~hla~d a- re~nforclng mo~n~ ~or th~ chlel~.
Fle. 12 1~ an ~l~vatlon~l cro~ tlonaL v~-~ o~
anoth-r o~od~nt o~ a l~p ln ~aeoxd~nc~ w~th lnv ntlon aho~ng ~ r~ otor-typo la~p, a dou~ n~d aro ~ube, a do~d shl~ld, and a thlc~ lled pro--~d~ outor envalop~.
F~G. 13 1~ a plctorlal vl~w o~ an alte~nat-~odl3-nt o~ a r~lector lamp ln accor~ance wlth th4 l~v~nt~on, th- l-n- ~olnq r~ov-d ~or cl~rlty, ~hoYing a d~u~ ndod tung~tsn-h~logan llght-~ouro~ c~F~ul~
a m--h ~hleld sus~un~lng the c~p~ulo, und a thlok-wallQd pra---d-y~a~ outer env lop-.
a u--d h-re~n, th- t~rm "llght-~ouroe ¢~ps~le~
d-not--: an ArC tuho 0~ an ~rc dl~ch4rg- lamp, tung~t~n-halo~-n ~nc~nde~c~nt c~p~ul-, or any ll~ht-^m~ttlng oap-ul~ havlng an lnt-rn~l op-ratlng pr--~uro d~ r~ng ~rom th~ op-ratlng pr~ure wlthln ~ 3 ~ 99 5 t~a out-r nv-lopc. Wh n uch a l~ght--ourc- cap~ul-op r~to~ withln an out~ env-lop-, th po--~blllty of l~ p co~t~ln~ nt ~llur- x~t-.
T~ typ~ o~ llqht-~ourc c~p~ul-, t~ alld re tub- or tung~ton-h~log n c~p-ul~
not cr~tlcal to th~ pur- contaln~ n~ runct~on o~ tb~
in~ ntlon. rroO a tr~ct conta~n~ nt vi-~po~nt, tb- pr --no- o~ an lnnor ¢~pJUl-~ cap-blo o~ burstlng r-l ~ ~g A c-rtaln a ~ t o~ ~ rgy, c~ tnln ~ d ~ rd , and ot~or cap-ul- ~rag~ont-, ~11 wlth ctaln l-v l~ o~ h at, rorc-, An~ or ~ ntuD~, 18 important. A~cardingly, one eDtDdlment of the Lnventi.on describes and ~clud a g n-rlc c~p-ule. o~ cour -, ln t~o d--c~ptlon o~ nny working ~ poal~lc ty~-and w~ttag o~ tha llg~t--ourc c pJu~- hOUl~ b-ntl~-d ln ord r to -l-ot r l~t-d la~p F~r~t r .
5b- t- ~ ~cont~ln~ ~nd ~oonta~n Jnt~ - U~-d hor ln ~-n that tho out~r ~nN-lop- ot t~ la p do -nok ~tt~r ~- ~ r ~ult o~ ~ bur-t o~ tha lnn r l~q~t--ourc cap-ul-. Wh~n cont~ln~ant oocur-, c~ ul- h rd~ ~nd ath-r lnt rna sp ~r~g~ nt~
r~ ln ~thln th la~p'- out-~ om lop- a~tor a ul- ~ur-t.
~ b- t r~ cacy~ and "lu~nou ~lcacy~ a-u~ ~ hor ln r~ a-ur- o~ t~- total lu~lnou- ~lux ltt ~ by a l~ght 60UrCo~ xpr~-- ~ ln lU ~ n- p-r ~tt~
~ tor~ ~hlglh r-~tta~ ~ p~oy d hor-ln wlt~
so~ 4no to a 1~ p (or la p c 9 on-nt) danot~ p or ~c pon~nt o~ p) h~vlng a r~t~ att~g- o~ on I hun~r d and vonty~ w~ttJ or gr-~tor.
'l ~3~995 87-1-097 -10- PAT~N~
The t-r~ ~thl~k" and l~thlnn ~- U~-d h~r-ln with r~-renoe to wall thickn~ onote ~ho ~ollowlng A
~t~lc~ or ~thlck-wallod~ outer ~nv-lop~ ~o~n- th~t th- ~lnl~u~ wall thickn~-- o~ th- c~nt~al po~tion o~
th- ~n~-lop 1- gr ~tor t~n on mllll~ t-r A ~thln~
or ~hln~ d~ llght--ource c~p-ule -~n- that the centr~l portion or bo~y o~ t~ cap~ ha~ xlmu~
wall thiokn~-~ o~ loo- th~n ono ~ tor In r ~l~ctor-typ l~ p~ thl¢~-walledn out-r nvelop-1~ ln~ndo~ to apply both to th- r~ otorl~-d ~ortlon o~ th- ~ut-r nv~lop- An~ to th- lon- portlon o~ ~h-out-r nv lop-~ lO 1 how doubl~--nv-lo~d lamp 10 co~prl~lng llght-~r~n~ lv out~r nv-lop~ nclo-lng ~n lnt~rior $n thl- ~bodl~-n~, nvolop~ for~od ~ro~ hard gla~ which h~ b- n blow-~ol~d Th- bulb ~ortlon o~ nv~lop~ 12 i- hown u~tantlally ~n o~o~ octlon ~o that r-latlvo wall thlckn ~ ay bo ob~orv d Th bulb ~ortlon of n~ lo~ 12 h~- ~
nln~u~ wall thlcXno-- ~ at ln~laato~ Although it ~ay not ~ vldont ln tho drawln~, th wall ~hl4kn -~o~ nv-lop 12 1~ not unl~or~ Thl~ polnt 1~
urp~l~lng Durlng th- blow-noldlng proc~ th-gl~ blo~n lnto tn- ~ulbou~ ~hap~ ho~n ln th-~lgur AJ t~ wall 1- t~tch-d lnto th- bUlb ~ap~, t~ w ll tbiokno-- 1~ roduc~d in proportlon to t~
d~gr~ o~ ~tr tchlng Thu-, th wall thlckno-- ~t lndlcàtor 16 L~ th~nn~r than at ~ndloator 18, ~nd lt 1~ slnl~u~ ~t lndlc~tor 14 whor- nvolop- 1~ ha~ b n ~tr toh~d to ~ gr at~t d~-- Fro- ~ oont~lnm nt vl~polnt, tho ~tr-ngth ~or ablllty to con~aln~ o~ any ',' :; ~
13~5995 ~11 ar~a o~ ~ lop- 12 1~ dl~oct~y r-lat-~ to th~
wall ~hlcXn ov-r t~at ar-~ It app-ar that nv lop~ 1~ is w-ak~-t ln t~- vlelnlty o~ lndlcator ~ , ln t~- middlo r~g~on o~ th bulb portion o~
env lop- 12 Laboratory oba-rv-~lon- o~ onv-lopo-whlch h~v ~all-~ to contaln corro~orat- thl- ract 81nc- th- w ak--t portion Or e m lop- 12 urround-c~p-ul~ 20, th m~nimum wall thlckn -- o~ th ~nv~lop-1~ A crltlcal ~actor tor cont~ ont, an achll10~
h- l B o~u - t~ ur~ao- ~r a ot a ~ o~-watt~g-~nv-lop- 1~ r~l~tl~-ly l-rg~, th w lght o~ th-nv-lop lner a--- ~ub-t~nt~ally wlth only a ~llght lncr ~-- ln nY lop- wall thiokn-a- A~eordlngly, th r- ~- a pr~ctlcal upp-r ~ound Sor tb- ~ln~u~ wall -; thlckn ~- o~ ~nv-lop~ 12, l--t th la ~ b- too hoaYy ~or a ~ bl~ ~o~ clal produ¢t ~ n th pr - nt embodiment ~lnl~u~ ~all t~ckno-- 2 1~ groat-r than on m~ t-r A pr-~-rsod valu- ~or 0~0 Lnch-~ ~whl¢h ls ~llghtly gr~at-r th~n on-~1111~ t-r~ For r-a-on- ~t rorth ~bov ~ t~l~
ll~ltatlon ~ a ~lgnLtlc~nt d~partur- ~ron that o~
blo~-~o~d d ~ m olop - ln th- ps~or Art.
L~ght-~ou~¢- c~p-ul- 20 ~- ~ount-d wlt~n out-r m lop~ u~ ~- ~y ~n~ o~ m~al otrapJ 22 ~nd ay b- w l~d to ~t~l ~ro~ 26. C~p-u~- 20 hao an op~tlng watt~g~, ~.g., ~ hun~r~ w~tt~.
A- xplaln~ a~r, ¢ap-ul- 20 ~y bur-t on rara ooeao~ or unltno~n raa~on-. In ~ ~o~ o~
F~0. 1, oa~ 0 1~ -d ~t~ d~
dl~- tub- to~d ~ro~ ~rtz ~l---.
~ o ~or hl-lO,~ng ~ lop- ~2 ~ ~ bus-t o~
o~-ul- 20 anl ~ountod wlt~ln ~nv-lop- 20.
,~, ", .. . .
:
'-: ,.. .
13~S995 87-1-097 -12- PAT~NT
hl-ldln~ ~ an~ functlon~ ~y ab~orbing ~nd dl-~lpatlng ~n rgy o~ ~ bur-t of c~p-ulo 20 uc~ th~t th r--idu~l n rgy and fora ~ any, which pa~- through t~-hlold ~nd r~a~h ~ m ~lo~ may b- aont~ln d by th-ou~ r nv lop-. In tho ~bodlm nt o~ F~ l, th hl-l~ln~ ~an ooqprl~-- llght-tr~n-al--lv~ rlgh~
~lroular ~ylln~-r ~8 ~hich urround- aap ul- ~0 t ~ally. In ot~ r o-bodl~ nt-, ~hl-ld ~ ~ay b~
do~d on on or both nd~ o th~t c~p~u~- 20 w~ll b-~or~ ~u~ly ~nalo-~d. In th- ov-nt o~ a bur-t o~ ~
oap~ul- 20, hl~ld 28 ~ay b- hatt-r~d by tho bur~t alt~ough, aa wlll b- ~xplaln ~, hl-ld ~8 ~111 n v rt~ lO~ orb an~ lpat~ a ub~t~ntlal ~ortlon ot th norgy and ~orc- o~ t~ bUs-t.
MJ~n- aro lnclud d ~lthln la~p 10 Sor provld$n~
al~ctrlo~l po~r ~ro~ ~n xt~rnal ~ou~ao to cap u~ 20 nd tor ~o~pl-tlng tho la~p ~t Noturally. In FIa. 1, ol-ctrloally ooN~uc*lvo ~r~ 26 1~ ho~n a- a ~lo~tlng~ ~r o, J~4nln~ that tho ~ra o l-l ~ lc~lly l~olat-d ~ro~ tb l~rp'- olrou~t ln or~ r to ~ ~uo- o~lu~ ~lgrat~on out o~ oap~ul- ~0. ~a~-ln Yl~ o 3- an~ l-ctrloally oou~l-d wlth th t~
d- o~ ~o- 3~ g., a ~oqul typ orow ba~ nd p~ovl~ ~o~ r to th l~otro~o- o~ ~ap-ul- ~0.
Tho c nt~ or~lon or bo~y o~ Ul- 20 ~
wall thlokn -- xt hl l~ ~ ha- wall thloXn o y.
ur~t o~ o~ wlo 20 oocur~, dbl-l~ ~ ab-orb-or ~ t o~ ~or all) o~ tb~ n rgy ot th bur-t. Ih xtJn~ o~ bur-t n r~y ab~o~b~4 or lpat-~ by hl~ J 1- rolat~d to th ratlo o~ y to x ~n~ ~oa ~ha~ ~or ~ ~kly, to th r~t~o ot th oro--- ~ lon~l r~11 o~ tho t~o oo~pon-nt-). ~or ;~
,, ~ e~
::
, . . .
" .
'~ ~ ' '' .
87-1-097 -13- PA~ENr gi~-n r~dll, th- ~ro~ntag- o~ bur~t en~rgy ab-orb~d or dl--lp tod by ~hl~ld 28 lncr~a~-- a- y~x lnar-a~
~ - th- ma~ o~ ~hl~ld 28 incr~a~- wlth r~-p-ot to th- ma-- o~ th- body o~ o~p-ul- 20 Exp~rl-nc~ ha~ ~hovn that th- op~n nd~ o~
S do not h1nd-r contalnm nt Th~ r-l~tl~ly ~vy pr ~ 1- and 14ad-ln w~r - o~ a~p-ul- ~0 ab~orb ub t-nti~l bur~t n-rgy Bur-t n~rgy ~ir~ct-d tovard ba~ 38 1- a~ao~b-d ~y tho l~p ~t~
na b~ nv lop- 12 19 blown ln th~ ba up po~ltlon Con--qu ntly, th~ ~all thlckn -- ~n top 40 ~po-ltlon~d do~n) i- gr at-r than ol--wh r- ~n t~
onv d op- b-c-u-- o~ th- gravltatlonal ~t~ot on th ~olt-n gla~- rOr th~ r~-on~, lt 1- not n a~ ry to lnclud- a dom d nd or nd- ~or ~hl~ 8 ~or oonta~nm-ntt th op n oyllnd r 1~ pr~rr d ~or co~t ~nd a-- o~ con t~uct~on ~ p 10 ~ploy- a eo b~na~lon o~ ~hl~ld 2~ and th~ck-wall-d nv lop- 12 ~or contaqn-~nt A ~a~or ~l-ad~antag~ ot lnc~ a-ln~ th- wall thloXn~- ot m lop- ~ u~r~clont rOr contaln~ nt ~lthout th ~hlol~ 1~ th lncr a n th- wolght o~ tho nv lop-A ~ ~or dl~d~antag~ Or incr a-ln~ tho wall thlcXn---o~ hl~ 8 ~u~lo~-nt ror contaln~nt wlthout a thlo~ out-r nv lopo 1- th ~ub-t-nt~al r ductlon o~
lu~lnouJ ~r~lc~cy 0~ th~ p t~- w ll ~- th~
lqpractlc l o~-ct o~ r gulrlng t~o ~ramo to ~
~t~ngth n d ~ub-t~nt~ally ln ord~r to ~upport tho ~ h~a~l-r ~hl-ld) ln tho ca-- ot A 8yl~van~
~our-hundr-d vatt Mbt-larc*l-Jp, th wall thlcXn--- or ~h~-ld ~ploy~d wlthln a t~nd~r~ out-r ~n~ lop~
, * Trade Mark :.
' ` ' ' .
13~5995 87-1-097 ~ A~EN~
mu-~ b~ gro~tor than three ~llllm~er- for oontain~ nt Thi~ ahi~ld wall thlckno~ cause~ a lo~-of luminou- o~floaoy ot approYimately flv- to ton p~rc-nt co~p~rod w~th th A~ M talarc 1~ with a ~t~nda~d ~m~lopo and no ~hi-ld A~ wlll ~ n, an opt~^lly po~tion ~ ~hi-l~ having ~ w-ll thlokn -- o~
~pproxlmat~ly 1 5 mllll~ r- 1n wcordanoo wlth th~
lnv-ntlon urprl~lngly improvo~ th~ lu~lnou~ ia~cy and color-r~nd rln~ abillty o~ th- la-p Whll- n~th-r ~hi-ld 28 nor ~nv-lop~ 12 alon~ 1~
ad quAt- for oontalnm~nt ln lamp lO, the co~blnatlon or th~ ~hld d and env-lop- 1~ adequat- ~or cont~ln~ nt T-~oratory exa-plo- o~ rour-hund~od witt ~ylvanla M~t-lare l~ r~ purpo--ly ~nduco~ to ~ur-t I~ hav~n~ ~ h~ with ~ll thlo~ne~
o~ a~proxl~at-ly on~ ot r and a t-ndard out-r m -lo~ oro th~n 21~ty pora-nt ~all-a to oont~ln In l~o~ ha~lng a thio~ out-r nv lop- and no hiold, allg~tly la-- than ~l~ty p ra~nt ~all~d to oontain In laap- ~a~lng ~ hl-ld wlth wall thlokn~ o~
ppsox~at-ly ~ 5 ~llll~ t-r- and a thl~ out-r ~n~lo~-, aont~ln~ont oaourr-d on- hundr~d pora~nt Or th tl~
~ h n a bur-t o~ cap~ul~ 20 occur-, hard- and oth~r oa~-ulo ~r~g~nt~ ~r~ ~orclbly prop-ll-d agaln-~
h~ 2~. In c--o~ o ~ho ~hl~ do-- no~
aont~ln, th a~ l~ld 1~ ~hatt-r d by th- l~paot o~
oa~-ul- hara~. 8~rd-, pr-doaln~n~ly ~ro~
~i-ld, ~r- ~orolbly ~rop ll~ ag~ln~t out-r m~lop-12, ~l~h to~ cont ~n. A por~lon o~ ~- bur~t n~rgy 1- con-u~ ~ ln tho ~h~tt~rlng or ~hl-ld 28 ~n~ ln ,,~
. . "
130~i~95 8~ 0~7 -lS- 2AT~NT
lmpartln~ ~om~n~u~ to th~ ~hleld ~hard-. 81nc~ tho ~ ct-d ar a o~ the ~hl~ g-norAlly larg-r thun that of th~ c~p~ule body~ tho bur~t en rgy p~r unit a~ea of th~ oh~-ld 1~ 40~ewhat r-duced~ Anoth r portlon o~ bur-~ n rgy i~ con~um d in do~orm~tlon of fr~o ~6 and ~hlold mounting trap- 30 and 32. ~o~
e~p~ h~r~- bounce O~r th. ~hlOla b~ok tow~r~ t~
o-nt-r o~ th~ c~w l- wh-r~ th-y collld wlth oth~r ca~-ul- hard~ golng in tho oppo-lt- diroc~lon.
Anoth-r port~on Or bur~t onergy i- d~-ip~tod by th-~-colllo5On- Th- ~r-cted ar~ o~ tho out-r ~nv-lop~
1- la~g-r th~n th~t o~ th- ~h5-1d, o that th bur~t ~norgy r-~c~lng tho out-r envelop~ urth r r~duc~d p r un5t r~a 5hu-, th- ~hl~ld ~b~orb~ ana dl~lpat-~ a ~ub-tAntlal portlon o~ tho ~ur~t en rgy v-n wh n lt do ~ not cont~ln Tho ehldk out~r nv lop- ~a- -u~lcl-nt ~tr-ngth to oontain th~
r-~ldual bur t n rgy that pa---- through or 1 tran~-rr-~ throu~h th- hl-l~
S~ FSa 1, 14~p 10 h~o a~ntr~l axl~ ~-V A- may o n ln th- dr ~lng~ o~p~ulo 20 h~ -hoat-r ~l-atln~ coatlng, g ~ zlrconlu~ oxl~-, on th-aa~-ul-'~ low r nd ln ord-r to ~ttaln n ar l~oth a l op-r~tlon o~ th~ cap-ul-. Shl-ld 2~ t~ in ~o~loctln~ h~at bacX to cap~ul- 20~ ~h~n th~ ratio o~
th- lnnor r~u- Or th ~hlold to th out-r r~dlua o~
th~ ca~-ul~ bo~y 1~ optl~l~y ~ ct~ ur~rl~nq r -ult ~- that tho o~ul- o~r~t-a hottor ~hl~h wa-ox~t-4) an~ l~o~ n-~rly l~oth~ tlch w~ not Xpo~t-d) ~., '~
f:3~9~5 87-l-097 -16- PAT~NT
FIG. 2 l~ an ~nl~rqe~ cross-~ctlonal vl~w of la~p 10 along l~no 2-2 o~ FIC 1, w~th part4 r~o~ed ~or clarlty Line 2-~ pA--4- ~rough th~ c~n~r o~
oap-ulo ao. Cap-ule 20, ~hl-ld 2~, and outor ~nv-lopo 1~ ~r~ hown a~ conc~ntrlc w~ bout axl~ V-V
R~dlu~ a oxt-nd- ~o~ axl~ V-V to th- outor sur~-ao of o~peul~ 20 R~dlus ~ ext~nd~ fro~ axl~ v-V to ~h lnn ~ ~ur~aoo of ~h~eld 28 Radiu- c ext nd- ~ro~
~xl- V-V to th lnn-r s~raoo o~ onvolopo 1~ Tho corr--pondlng dl~m~t-r~ ro twlc- th r-d~u~
~ t i- known that a llght-tr~n-ml-~l~e le-vo ~urround~n~ A ll~ht-~ouro- c~p~ul- wlll oon~r~e ho an~ that th- ~on-~rvatlon ~- ~roat~-t ~hon th~ ratlo ot th ~ur~a~- ~rea o~ tho cap~ul- body to th- ar-a o~
th~ v- appro~ch-- unlty ~or th- ld~al oa-- o~
ln~ln~to cylln~-r-~ 8~o C S Llu, ~ L~-YI~Y~ L~
C~ , Journal o~ tho Illu~lnatlng ~ngln~orlng 80cl-ty, Vol 8, No 4, Ju~y 1979 ~qplvalontly ln l~p lo, a- tho r~tlo a/~ appro~cho-unlty, h-~t oon-~rvatlon i- known to l~p~ov~
Jurpr~ln~ly, radiant h--t r~dl~trlbutlon tollow~ a dl~-r~n~ ~oal~n~ rulo Whon th ~ltional oon~tr~lnt o~ un~or~ h~t r~dl~trlbutlon 1~ impo-~d, an optl~u~ rad~u- ratlo, ~/b, 1- co~old r~bly 1~-~~han that ~or h-at con-orvatlon ol~ly In t~ aa--o~ th ~our-hundrod watt ~yl~nia ~ t~l~rc l~mp, th-o~tl~u~ r~d~u~ ratlo ~all~ wlthln th r~ngo o~
approxl~4toly ~ to 7 ~bor~tory xporl~ nt~
conduct d th~ r t-nd to ~how th~t thl- opt~-u~
rango ~ppll-~ rath-r unlv-r--lly to hlghor-watt~g ' ~
130S~
87-1-097 -17- PATEN~
The t~r~ Roptlmuo~ radlus ratlo ~oan that th-~t ~alu~- o~ lu~inou~ ffleacy and color unl~ormlty ar~ obt~ln~d ~hen th~ ra~lo i- wlthln th~ pr--crlb~d ran~ With lum~nou- e~lo~oy~ a ~Yl~ua valu i-o~taln d wlthln th~ Op~N~ rango R-g~rdlng color unlform~ty, v~rlou~ moa~ur-- o~ la~p ~olor, ~u~h a-th ~ohrom~tlalty ~oordln~t~ alntaln th- ~Jo or ~l~ilar v~lu - ~ithin th optlmu~ rango~ fro~ on l~p to tho n xt~ o~ r th llf- of th la~pt and/or when th la~p ~ op-r~t~d ln v rlou~ ori-nt~tlon~ h r-~poot to th d~r atlon o~ gravlty ~n th c~- of th~ ~our-hund~d watt ~ylvanl~ M~talarc l~p, optl~um lu~lnou~ c~cy ~n~ eolor unl~or~l~y a~ obt~ln~d wlth llght--our~- c~p~ulo h~ving ~n out r radlu- o~
~l~v n ~llllm~t~r~ and ~n inno~ ~hl-ld r~iu~ o~ 17 5 ~lll~ot~r- ~th- ratlo ~b b-lng ~3) ono would xp-ct h at eon-~rvatlon to o~our wh n ~hlol~ urround~ cap~ul- 20 AS may b- ~oon ln a. ~, tho h-lght o~ th cy~indrical ~h~old ln th~-b~ nt o~ th~ i m ~ntlon ~h-lght mo~-ur-d alon~
axla V-V) i- u~ l-nt to ~urround th pr~v~ ~-al~
latorally at th~ nd- ot c~p-ul- ~0 a~ w ll - t~
bo~y o~ th~ oa~-ul- ~h n tho ntlr oa~ulo i-l-t-rally urroun~od by tho hl-ld, thar- 1~ th ~d~ltlon l b-n~lt th~t th- op-r~lon o~ ~h~ o~p-ul-1~ ~or n ~rly l~oth~r~al ~t w~- antlc~t-d th~t ~lth ~hl-ld 20, oF~ratlng t-nporatur ~ ovor th~ body o~ oap~ul- ~0 would lnqr a~- unl~or~ly~ ~ho ~urprl-ln~ r -ult 1~ that tho ool~-~pot t~-ratur- 1-l-v-t~d to ~ gr ~t~r ~xt-nd th~n th hot--~ot t ~p r tur- ~ that th- dl~trlbutlon o~ op~r~tlng t~ ratur ~ ov r th~ body Or t~- o-p-ul~ oro ~ n arl~ l-oth~rm~l : j , , . .
-` 1 3~S99 5 B7-1-097 -18- PA~!IINT
Th-r- ar~ ~ub~tantl~l b~n~it- d-xlv ~ ~ro~ the ~or~ rly l~oth-r~al op-ratlon o~ cap-ul- 20, G~norally, ~o-t l-~p char~ot~rl-tlo-, o g , lu~nou-e~fi~ wy, l~prov- a~ tho op~r~t~on o~ th cap~ul-approach-~ th~t o~ ~ w th-rmal For ~ ~1Y - d hot ~pot t-~p ratur , th~ cold po~ i- hott~r than ~xp-ct-d ~n ~ 10 ~ prov~- color r-n~ltlon b o~ or o~ th~ ~ tal-halld~ addltlv- ~- ln th~ vapo~ ~tat~
For a slv-n col~ ~pot t-~p-rature, th- hot ~pot 1 cool-r tb~n oxp-ot~d ln la~p 10 Con--qu~ntly, th~
~r ~odlu~ an4 or oandlu~ ln th- dd~tlv w~ll bo ~ r~aot~ wlth tho quart~ wall or th- cap~ul~ ln tho vlalnlty or tho hot pot ~oc~u-- t-mp~ratur~
dl~-r-ntl~ r r du¢ d, th r~al tr4~ thin th-o~p-ul- ~all- ar~ o r duc-d ~ 1~ 3 1- ~ plctorlal vl-Y o~ hl-la 28 of l~p 10 ~h-r-ln th ~hl-l~ inalud-~ r ~n~or¢ing m~an-, ~uch 8-w~r ~-h ~0. ~-h 60 ~y ~ ~ount~d on hi-l~ 28 by -an~ o~ J-tal trap~ 5a and 5~, or lt ~ay ~ ~h~d-~wlthln th~ ~la-o wall In ~o~ bodl~ont~, n~h so ~y b- loo--ly knlK ~ own ln ~h~ d~awln~
b~o~ w o o~ tho knltt~ -h~- addi~lonal ~rgy--b-o~blng aapabll~ty ov~r th~t ot ~ rlgld ~a~h. ~talnlo-a t--l wlr- wlth a hlgh chroolu~
c~nt n~ 1- a ~r ~ r~d matorl~l ~or th- oon-truc~lon o~ tho ~o~h and ~ounting trap or tr~p- ~ooau-~ ot ita ~u~ rlor hlgh-t-~p-r tur- pro~-~tl-~, r latlv-ly lo~ coo~lcl-nt o~ th-r~al xpan~lon, ~oo~ r -l~tanc-to oxl~ tlon ~nd corro-lon, an~ hlgh t n~
~tr~ngth. An ~lt~rna~o ~t-rl-l ~or th- ~o~h ~ay ~la-~ or qu4rt~ throa~ rly wo~-n or knltt-d, '6 13~S99S
87-1-0~7 -19- PA~N$
~hioh ha- th- adv~ntag- thAt it~ dl-l-ctrlc proper~y ~111 not ~ncourag~ ~odium ~lgration rrO~ th- cap~ule.
Hlg~-t-~p-r~tur~ poly~r flla~ ne- ~r al-o ~uit~bls mat~rlal- ror tho ~ ~h.
~ t 1~ lrablo that the m~h ~ a-llght-trAn-~ lv a- po~-ibl- o that th r~ wlll b- a minlaal e~-ct on tha lu~lnou~ e~lc~cy o~ t~o la~p.
~h- ~o-h ~ , i.-., the nu~b~r Or tlt~he~ por lnch, ~nd ~ir~ di~ t-r ~hould b~ ct d uch th~t th ~o-h will contaln ~hArd- with ma~ rg~ onou~h to ~-l~ ly to cau-o a ~upturo o~ tho out-r nv-lop- in t~e ~ont Or a bu~ or tho lig~t-~ourc~ cap-ulo. ~hor 1- no r-qulr ~nt, how v r, that th ~ h r -tr~ln ~11 ~hard~ 5h- m~h~ llk- th- hl~ r~orm~ th-~unotlon o~ ~b-o~b~ng an~ d~-~lp~tlnq bur-t n rgy u~lcl~ntly to ~rmlt t~ out-r ~nv-lo~o to oontaln.
~o-h ~ nd wlr~ dl~m~t-r ~ay b- -l-~t-d ~uch that l~qp ~ cy 1- not unduly compro~
~ 0. ~ ~ow~ anoth~r x ~pl- Or a ~hl-ld ~hlch ~ay b~ ~ploy d ln aoaordanc~ wlth tho lm ~tlon. In thi-~bodl~ nt, hl-ld 68 1~ do~ d wlth ~o~ d ~ln~orclng wlr ~ oh 60 ~ount~d on th hl~ld by ~ an- o~ m-tal trap 6~. ~hl- hl~ld ~ay b mploy~d ln co~bln~t~on wlth a ~lngl---n~-d l~ght--ourc- c-p-ul-, or wlth A
doubl---nd d ~-p~ul- prov~dHd ~n op-nlng l ~do ln ~o~d top 6~ ~or th lo~-ln ~lr- or u~port.
~ n ~-~odl~ nt~ wh~r- a wlr~ ~ -h 1~ ~ploy~d, thor~ 1- th po--lblllty o~ ~n ~l-ctrlaal ~hort olr~u~t oau--~ by oontaot o~ th- ~lr ~ -h wlth both l-~d-ln wlr~ h~r~ thl~ ~o-~lb~ y 1- a conco~n, ono or ~oth lo-d-ln wlr-~ may ~ ln~ulat-d by ~ an- o~
P~
, ~
. , , -` ~3~;;995 87-1-0~7 -~o- PAT~N~
a dl~leotrlc ~leev~ or ooAting. It ~y b~ d--ir~ble to pr~v-nt th~ wir~ m~-h ~ro~ contactlng a ~lngl4 load-ln wlr or any co~ponent of ~h~ ~lectrl¢~l clroult 80 th~t odiu~ rAt1on out o~ th-llght--ou~c~ cap-ul~ wlll not b~ purrod by th-pr -ona- o~ th ~osh. A r ctlfying d-v~c~, ~.g., a ~od~, b~tw~ n th- m~dh and el~¢trioal olrcult, ~ay b~
~n~lud d ~ ~n addlt~onal pr~o~utlon.
FIG. 5 hoY~ anoth~r ~x~ple o~ A hl-ld ~nd r~nforolng ~ ~h co~blnatlon ~hor~ln ~hi-ld 2~
~lght alrcular ~yl~ndor op-n at both ~nd- and w~So h 70 1- do~ at ond 76 th-roof.
FSC. 6 lo ~n l~vatlonal ~ie~ of anoth r ~bo~l~ nt or a la~p in accord~nc- with th~
l m ~ntlon. Lanp 80 lncludo- ~lngl--~ndod ~tal-halld~
~ro tubo ~6 urround~d ~y dom d 4hlold 84 wlthln thlck-w~ out-r m~lop- 82. ~c~u-- o~ tho ab- na- Or ~n~ typ~ Or bur-t ro-tralnt, ~uoh A- -pr~ 1 And l-a~-~n wlr~, at top ~8 Or aro tub- ~6, hl~ ay bo ~oO ~ ~bov~ top 88.
~I~. 7 1~ an l-vatlonal vl-w ot tll~ anoth~r ~bo~ nt o~ a laa~ ln a~oordana- wlth tho lm ntlon. L~p 90 un~r~cor - th~ polnt that ~ wlr -h lt~-lr can ~ hl-l~lng m-~n- ln acaordana- wltn t~o lnv-n~lon, boc~u-o th ~ -h ~b-orb- and dl~ at--bu~t on rgy whlah, by ~ ~lnltlon, lo tho ~unctlon o~
th~ hl ld. ~aJp 90 ln¢lud ~ ~lngl--on~d tun~t-n-halogon ll~ht-~oure- capoul~ urround~d ~y wlro-~ ob. ohl-ld 96 wlthin thldc-~r~ d out-r m lo~
9~. 8hl-ld 96 ~y bo nohor d to th- l~p ~t~ by nahor~ng plr.~ 9~ nd loo. AJ thl~ ~bodl~ nt 13~S9~5 87-1-097 -21- PA~ENT
lllu~trate~, th-r~ 19 no r-qulrem~nt that the ~hl-ld b a olo-ed or contlnuou- ur~ac-. 80 ~ong - ~4-h 96 ~b-orb- and dl~lpat~- bur~t ~n~rgy ~u~rlcl-ntly ~or ~nv-lop- 9~ to contaln, th~ h~ hleld~ ln ~ocord~nc- w~t~ tb lnventlon~
F~oB. 8 a~d g $11ust~at- oth~r eYa~pl-- o~
w$ro~ h h~-ld- ~urroundlng ~ingl--~nd ~ and doubl---nd-a l~ght-~ourc- o~p~ulo-~ eith-r o~ WhlCh b~ ~ploy d ln co~blnatlon w~t~ a thlcX~all~d outor ~nv-lop~ ln ~ccordanco wlth tho lnv~ntlon~
Mountlng ~trap- 10~ 106, and 10~ aro ~ugg~-tod ln th~
drawlng~ Ho~ v~r, tho~- ~ountlng t~p- m~y not n c--~ary 8hl~1d- 96 and ~ ~ay b~ ~ount-d on o~p~ul-~ 9~ ~n~ 10~, r -p oti~ ly, by ~o~n~ o~ la-tlc ~n~ ~rlotlon~l ~oro-~ l~p~rto~ by th ~--h lt--l~ on th~ c~p~ulo.
F~a 10 1- ~n l-v~lon~l vlo~ o~ ~noth-r ~bo~ nt o~ p ln accord~nc- wlth th lnv-ntlon L~p 110 ~loy~ a thioX out-r n~-lop~
11~ ror~d rr~ pro---d gla-- ln la~p 110~
llght-~our~ oap-ul- lla ha- a thln-w~ body, 1.-~, wa~l thlckn~-- x o~ th ~ody or oap-ul- 112 1- 1--~~h-n on- ~llll~ot-r. Th u-- o~ a thln-~all-d oa~-ul~
oub~tant~ally r duc~- th bur~t oon~aln~ont r qulr4~-~t~ on ooop-ratlng lu~p co~pon-nt-. ~o Unlt~d ~ta~-~ Pat-nt No. ~,S9~,~25, ~-u d July 1, 19~6~ to cagnon, ~h-r-ln a tung~t-n-halo~-n la~p ha~ln~ a thloX out-~ wall ln co~blnatlon wlth a l~g~t-~ouro oap~ul- ha~lng a thln lnn-~ wall ~1.-~, ~ than .9 ~ t-r~ olo~-d.
.... .
3~5995 ~ n l~p 110, thln~ d cap-ule 112 i8 e~p~oyod with wi~ h ehl-ld 114 ~nd t~lck~ d envolope 118 8hlold 1~ ia ~ount-d on C8p-U~e 11~ by ~oan- o~
m tal strap 116 ~e~d-ln 1~2 i- ~nolo--d wlthln a dl~ tr~¢ l~-v to pr-v-~t contaot w~th wir~ h 114 L~p ~10 ~ay al~o hav- llg~t-tran~ni--iv~
r~ln~orc~ng m-an~ ~0 d~po--d on ths out-lde ~ur~a¢-of outor ~nv lope 118 R-ln~orclng ~ n- 120 ~ay b-ll~ht-~ran~ni--lv polyo r coatlng, 8Uch a- ~ te~lon co~pound or p-r~luoroalkoxy re-ln Th~ r~l~forcing coating ~ay bo appl~-d to th in i~ of t~e outer envclop- ln othor e-hodl~nt~
~ IG~ an ~levatlonal cro~ cctlon~l ~low o~
th la~p o~ FSC~ 1 w~er-ln la~p 10 eqploy~ wlro-m ~h r-ln~orcln~ ~an~ 50 on ~hlold as ~n~
ll~ht-tran~nl~-lv- ~ ln~orclng coat~ng 120 on th~
xt-rlor o~ outor ~nv~lop- 12 A l~p 130 do~on-tr~t~ udlclou~ cholc- o~ ~riou- r-ln~orcln~
means in accordance with the e:l~ts of the inventioII will enable l~qp ~lth hl~h-r wattago to b- ~a~ely opor~ted wlt~out th- noa lty o~ a protoct~v~ Slxtur-~ IG~ an l~vatlonal croo~ otlon~l Vi~Y 0a ~-~or-typ~ l~p ln a~ord~no~ tho lnvont~on. I~ 140 ha- t~l¢k-wall-d outor env-lope 14~ -od gla~-, havln~ llght-r-~loctlng ur~ 14~ d~po--~l on ~- ~t~rlor ~ur~ac~ o~, I.lght-tran-~ vo l-no 146 co~prl~-- a portlon o~
out~r ~v lo~ 1~2. out-r m-~op- 14~ h~ ~nl~u~
11 thloXn--- ~, w~ch ~y ooour ln t~ r-~loctlng portlon o~ tha out-r nv-lop- or ~n th- lons portlon o~ th~ outor ~m -lop~ ho~n ln th- dr~wlng).
~3~ S
87-1- 097 -~ 3- PA~EN~!
~ wall thi~kn4r~0 z i~l gr~ater ~ an ono mil~ e~-r ln ~çcor~nce wlth kh~ van'~ n. In thl9 ~odlm~, liqht-~surc~ o~p~ul~ 14~ dou~ nd~d ~atal-hallde ~r~ mount~d Along ¢sntral l~p ~xl~
A-A.. Lls~h~-t~n~ e~ro do~ hi~ld lSo ~ur~ourld~
cap~ulq 1~8 }at~rally ~n~ about o~o ~nd wh~r~ doma 1~
p~o~ri de~ bur~t r-l~tr~int for lon~ 14~ . ~h~ld ~ 50 ~ay b~ 20unted by ~ n3 o~ ~tal otrap~ 1.5B and 16û on ~rame wl~s 1~ an~ 156, re~pe~ely. Fr~ w~ro~
154 anfl 155 ara el4ctrioally ~olat~d ~ro~ lo~d-in wlre~ 16~ snd 164. When shi~ld lS0 ~8 optlm~lly po~ltlon~d in accor~an~ wi~h th~ invontlon, ~p 140 wlll hnva improvR~ e~lcacy and color ronde~ ng .
P~G~ 13 1~ ctorlal vlew or ~n ~l~ornat-~nboBiment oP A refl~ctor la~p in a~oordance wlth th~
inventlon. Refle¢tor l~p 170 incl~dQ~
dou~ n~r~lop~d ~ung~tRn halogen ll~ht-~ouroe o~psule ~7a mount~d wi~in thi~lc-w~ d ~flecto~is~d outer envelop~ l?q. outRr ~nvelop~ 174 may be~ ~or~od from prel~Qd ~la~. Mo~ hleld 176 ~urrounds o~lp~ule 172. ~tlield 176 ~ay ~e D~ounted on cap~ul~ 172 by r~ean~ o~ ti¢ snd ~rictlon~l ~orce~ XertRd by th-~eh lt~elf on th~ c~p~ul~ or wlth o~ ~ountlng ~trAp~
a~ou~ the pr~s oesl~. In FIG. 13, ~ho lone ha~ b~en oml~t~d ~or olarity. ~he mln1mum w~,l thia1a~ o~
both the out~r ~nv~lope an~ l~ns 1~ gr~lt~ th~n on-~mlll~r in ~coord~nce with th~ tQach~ng of 'ch~
lnv~ntion.
In any o~ above-mention~d ex~ple~, tho out~r ~nvel~ps or ohq 01~ ~wh~n the 3h~ ela i~ oth~r th~n qu~rt2) m~y b~ ~trengt~eno~ by 11 aultable ~ rlng i3~S995 87-1-os~ -2~- PA~D ~
proce~- ln whlch ~ hlg~ p~rma~nt ~tr~ induo-d ln tho gl~-~ pl~cing th~ outer ur~¢o in a high dogr~-o~ co~p~o--~on. U~e o~ t-mp~red gl~-- to n~an~ t~-conta~n~nt c~p~b~l~ty o~ ~ho out-r em ~lopo and/or h~-ld 1- Ylth~n tho ~oop- o~ th- lnv-ntlon.
ln ~any r-~loctor la~p~ woll a~ the oxa~plo l~p o~ FlG. 10), the out-r nvolopo ~- ~or~ d ~ro~
pr aaed gla~ n th -o la~p-, tho wall thlokno~ o~
tho ou~-r nY-lop- 1- g norally gr at-r than 1~ p-h~vlng ~low-~old~d env~lopo~. N~vorthol--~, th aontaln~ nt ~iluro proble- ~ay ex~-t, partlcularly in hlgh ~-~attAg~ p-. A- lllu~trAt-~ in FIG~. 12 A
13, tho t-achlng- o~ th~ pr -~nt lm ntlon ar~
lnt-nd-d to apply to pr ~-d-gl~-- m olopo4 a- w ll A~ blo~-~old d ~nvolop~, It l- b-li-v~ t~At th ao~b~natlon o~ a thlck-w~ll d out~r nv~lop- ~n~
nolo~ hl~ a ~ub-t~ntlal a*v nc-~ nt ot t~
l~ p art lrr rp ct~v~ o~ thO ~-~p typ or D~tho~ o~
ror~lN~ th out-~ ~nvolop~.
~a ~
An l~pr~v-d ~ylvanla ~our-hundr~ tt M~talAro lu~p ha- ~-~n d -lgn-d ln aocordanc~ wlth tho lnv ntlon. In th~ oratory xu~pl-, th t~l-halld~ re tub- i- ~or~ ~ ~rom quart~ gla~-h~vln~ a body w ll thlo~n--~ o~ ~pproxl~t-ly on-~llll~-t-r. Ih ~hl-ld i- a quartz (or ~yaor) rlght alrcNl~r cy~ln~ar, op-n at both nd-, vlth w~ll t~lc~n-~- o~ approxl~a~-ly l.S ~ t-s~. 5n~ out-r nv-lop- 1~ a blo~-~old d har~ gla~- ~nv-lop~, h~p d ,, ~ .
-" ~3~99~;
8~ 0~7 -~S- ~A~N~
ub~tantlally a- ~hown ln FIe lr ha~lng a ~ln~mu~
w~ll thlcXn--- or .o~o lncho- t-l~ghtly gr-at-r th~n on ~ t-r)~ Th- out-r nv-lop- 1- ~ tlaally ~al-d ~nclo-lng an at~o~phor o~ nltrog n at 400 ~orr cola pr---ur~ A flo~ting ~ra~ , a- llluatr~t d ln Fla 1, 1- qploy~d Tho arc tub ha- ~n out-r radiu~
of ~proxl~at ly 11 ~lll~ t-~ Th- ~hl-l~ ha- an lnn r ~lu- o~ ~prox~t ly 17 5 ~ t~r T~o out-r ~n~-lop ha- an lnn r r~lu o~ ~p~oxl~t ly 5B ~llll~ t-r ~h~ ratlo a/b i- approx~ ~t-ly 63 ln l~borAtory x~pl-~ purpo~-ly in~uc-d to bur~t, oont~ nt occurr~d on hundr d p-ro~nt o~ th t~.
Th- lu~lnou- r~iOaoy ~or th- l~bo~ato~ rlth t~- ~hl-l~ 1- pp~oxl~t-ly nln lua n- p r watt hlgh~r tban ln ~ co~p~rdblo la~p ~lthout th~ ~hl-l~, J-a~ur d ~t-r ~x thou-an~ hour- o~ - t t. ~h-oolor ohar~ct-rlotlo- o~ th- l~boratory ~Ya~pl- ~r algni~ioantly l~prov-d ~ hll- th r hav- b~ n ~ho~n w~at ar at ~r~--nt ~nol~br d to b~ th~ ~r ~orr d ~bodl~ nt- o~ tb-ln~ntlon, lt ~111 b- a~par-nt to thoo- klll-d ln th ~rt th~t varl~ua o~ango- and ~odl~loatlono can b~
~oln ~lthout ~partlng ~o~ th ~cop o~ th ln~nt~on a- d~ln~4 ln th app nd d clAl~
, . ... . . . . .
Claims (52)
1. A higher-wattage double-enveloped electric lamp comprising:
(a) A light-transmissive outer envelope enclosing an interior, said outer envelope having a minimum wall thickness greater than one millimeter;
(b) a light-source capsule mounted within said outer envelope, said light-source capsule having an operating wattage which is equal to or greater than one hundred and seventy-five watts, said light-source capsule being subject to burst on rare occasions;
(c) means for shielding said outer envelope by absorbing and dissipating a portion of the energy of a burst of said light-source capsule, said shielding means including a light-transmissive shield mounted within said outer envelope, said shield substantially surrounding said light-source capsule; and (d) means within said lamp for providing electrical power from an external source to said light-source capsule and for mechanically completing said lamp;
(e) whereby said outer envelope will remain intact in the event of a burst of said light-source capsule and the performance of said lamp is improved.
(a) A light-transmissive outer envelope enclosing an interior, said outer envelope having a minimum wall thickness greater than one millimeter;
(b) a light-source capsule mounted within said outer envelope, said light-source capsule having an operating wattage which is equal to or greater than one hundred and seventy-five watts, said light-source capsule being subject to burst on rare occasions;
(c) means for shielding said outer envelope by absorbing and dissipating a portion of the energy of a burst of said light-source capsule, said shielding means including a light-transmissive shield mounted within said outer envelope, said shield substantially surrounding said light-source capsule; and (d) means within said lamp for providing electrical power from an external source to said light-source capsule and for mechanically completing said lamp;
(e) whereby said outer envelope will remain intact in the event of a burst of said light-source capsule and the performance of said lamp is improved.
2. A lamp as described in claim 1 wherein said lamp includes means for reinforcing said shield such that the ability of said shield to remain intact after a burst of said light-source capsule is improved in comparison to the ability of said shield unaided by said reinforcing means.
3. A lamp as described in Claim 1 wherein said lamp includes means for reinforcing said outer envelope such that said outer envelope has the ability to contain a burst of a light-source capsule having a higher operating wattage than a light-source capsule capable of being contained by said outer envelope unaided by said outer-envelope reinforcing means.
4. A lamp as described in Claim 1 wherein said light-source capsule includes a body and at least one end, and said capsule body has a maximum wall thickness less than one millimeter.
5. A lamp as described in Claim 1 wherein said shield comprises a mesh surrounding said light-source capsule.
6. A lamp as described in Claim 1 wherein said shield comprises a surface surrounding said light-source capsule, said surface being subject to being shattered by a burst of said light-source capsule.
7. A lamp as described in Claim 6 wherein said surface of said shield has a maximum wall thickness of two millimeters.
8. A lamp as described in Claim 1 wherein said outer envelope has a minimum wall thickness sufficient to insure that said outer envelope will contain all shards of said light-source capsule and said shield in the event of a burst of said light-source capsule.
9. A lamp as described in Claim 1 wherein said shield is heat-reflecting, and the luminous efficacy, color-rendering ability, and life of said lamp are substantially improved in comparison with the same lamp without the presence of said shield.
10. A lamp as described in Claim 9 wherein said light-source capsule includes a central body having a maximum cross-sectional outer radius of approximately
11 millimeters.
11. A lamp as described in Claim 10 wherein said shield includes a central body substantially surrounding said central body of said light-source capsule, and said central body of said shield has a maximum cross-sectional inner radius of approximately 17.5 millimeters.
11. A lamp as described in Claim 10 wherein said shield includes a central body substantially surrounding said central body of said light-source capsule, and said central body of said shield has a maximum cross-sectional inner radius of approximately 17.5 millimeters.
12. A lamp as described in Claim 1 wherein said shield comprises a right circular cylinder open at both ends of said cylinder.
13. A lamp as described in Claim 12 wherein said light-source capsule is single-ended, and said cylindrical shield laterally surrounds said body and said end of said light-source capsule.
14. A lamp as described in Claim 12 wherein said light-source capsule is double-ended, and said cylindrical shield laterally surrounds said body and both of said ends of said light-source capsule.
15. A lamp as described in Claim 13 wherein said cylindrical shield has a dome on at least one end of said shield.
16. A lamp as described in Claim 14 wherein said cylindrical shield has a dome on at least one end of said shield.
17. A lamp as described in Claim 1 wherein said outer envelope is hermetically sealed.
18. A lamp as described in Claim 17 wherein a vacuum is contained within said outer envelope.
19. A lamp as described in Claim 17 wherein the atmosphere within said outer envelope includes nitrogen.
20. A lamp as described in Claim 19 wherein the pressure within said outer envelope is approximately one atmosphere when said lamp is in steady state operation.
21. A lamp as described in Claim 1 wherein said light-source capsule is a tungsten-halogen incandescent capsule.
22. A lamp as described in Claim 1 wherein said light-source capsule is an arc discharge tube.
23. A lamp as described in claim 22 wherein said arc discharge tube is a metal-halide arc discharge tube.
24. A lamp as described in claim 23 wherein said lamp has an operational wattage of approximately four hundred watts.
25. A lamp as described in claim 6 wherein said shield has a wall thickness sufficient to insure that said outer envelope will contain all shards of said light-source capsule and said shield in the event of a burst of said light-source capsule.
26. A lamp as described in claim 1 wherein said shield is formed from quartz glass.
27. A lamp as described in claim 1 wherein said shield is formed from vycor.
28. A lamp as described in claim 1 wherein said light-source capsule includes a central body having a maximum wall thickness, x; said shield includes a central body substantially surrounding said central body of said light-source capsule, said central body of said shield having a minimum wall thickness, y; said outer envelope includes a body and a neck, said body of said outer envelope substantially enclosing said light-source capsule and said shield, said body of said outer envelope having a minimum wall thickness, z; and the ratio y/x falls within the range of approximately two to one.
29. A lamp as described in claim 1 wherein said outer envelope is formed from tempered glass.
30. A lamp as described in claim 1 wherein said shield is formed from tempered glass.
31. A lamp as described in claim 1 wherein said light-source capsule includes a central body having a maximum cross-sectional outer radius, u; said shield is substantially a right circular cylinder with inner radius, v; said outer envelope includes a bulbous central portion laterally surrounding said light-source capsule and said shield, said bulbous portion having a maximum inner radius, w; and the ratio v/u falls within the range of approximately 0.5 to 0.7.
32. A lamp as described in claim 31 wherein the ratio v/u is approximately 0.63.
33. A lamp as described in claim 1 wherein said lamp is a reflector-type lamp.
34. A lamp as described in claim 1 wherein said lamp is single-ended.
35. A lamp as described in claim 34 wherein said envelope has a mogul type base mounted on said end of said lamp.
36. A lamp as described in claim 34 wherein said lamp has a standard Edison-type base mounted on said end of said lamp.
37. A lamp as described in claim 1 wherein said lamp has a central axis, and said lamp is designed to be operated with said axis substantially vertical.
38. A lamp as described in claim 37 wherein said lamp is single-ended having a base mounted on said end of said lamp, and said lamp is designed to be operated in the base-up position.
39. A lamp as described in claim 33 said reflector-type lamp includes a parabolic aluminized reflector.
40. A lamp as described in claim 1 wherein said light-source capsule includes a central body and at least one end, and said capsule has a heat-reflecting coating disposed on at least one end of said capsule.
41. A lamp as described in claim 40 wherein said heat-reflecting coating is zirconium oxide.
42. A lamp as described in claim 2 wherein said shield reinforcing means is mounted on said shield.
43. A lamp as described in claim 33 wherein said lamp includes an arc discharge light-source capsule.
44. A lamp as described in claim 33 wherein said lamp includes a tungsten-halogen light-source capsule.
45. A lamp as described in claim 42 wherein said shield includes an exterior surface substantially facing said outer envelope, and said shield reinforcing means includes a wire mesh mounted on said outside surface of said shield.
46. A lamp as described in claim 45 wherein said wire mesh is formed from stainless steel wire.
47. A lamp as described in claim 46 wherein said wire mesh is loosely woven.
48. A lamp as described in claim 3 wherein said outer envelope includes an inside surface substantially facing said light-source capsule and said shield and an outside surface substantially facing the exterior of said lamp, and said outer-envelope reinforcing means includes a coating disposed on one of said surfaces of said outer envelope.
49. A lamp as described in claim 48 wherein said coating includes a polymer.
50. A lamp as described in claim 1 wherein said lamp includes an electrically conductive frame within said outer envelope, and said light-source capsule and said shield are mounted on said frame.
51. A lamp as described in claim 1 wherein said lamp includes an electrically conductive frame within said outer envelope, said frame being electrically isolated from the electrical circuit of said lamp.
52. A lamp as described in claim 51 wherein said frame is formed from stiff metal wire.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US9098387A | 1987-08-28 | 1987-08-28 | |
| US090,983 | 1987-08-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1305995C true CA1305995C (en) | 1992-08-04 |
Family
ID=22225219
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000575877A Expired - Lifetime CA1305995C (en) | 1987-08-28 | 1988-08-26 | Double-enveloped lamp having a shield surrounding a light-source capsule within a thick-walled outer envelope |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0306269B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6471054A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2165288A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1305995C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3855637T2 (en) |
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| US4791334A (en) * | 1987-05-07 | 1988-12-13 | Gte Products Corporation | Metal-halide lamp having heat redistribution means |
| US4942330A (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1990-07-17 | Gte Products Corporation | Lamp assembly utilizing shield and ceramic fiber mesh for containment |
| US4950938A (en) * | 1988-11-16 | 1990-08-21 | North American Philips Corp. | Discharge lamp with discharge vessel rupture shield |
| JPH03147247A (en) * | 1989-10-19 | 1991-06-24 | Gte Prod Corp | Lamp assembly body using shielding body for containment and ceramic fiber mesh |
| US5075588A (en) * | 1990-12-06 | 1991-12-24 | Gte Products Corporation | Arc discharge lamp with spring-mounted arc tube and shroud |
| US5043623A (en) * | 1990-12-06 | 1991-08-27 | Gte Products Corporation | Reflector lamp assembly including metal halide arc tube |
| US5270608A (en) * | 1991-10-31 | 1993-12-14 | Williamson Glen P | Metal halide arc discharge lamp assembly |
| US5987603A (en) * | 1997-04-29 | 1999-11-16 | Lsi Logic Corporation | Apparatus and method for reversing bits using a shifter |
| US6133676A (en) * | 1997-09-10 | 2000-10-17 | Chen; Chun Tsun | Double-enveloped halogen bulb provided with protuberances in the outer surface of the envelope |
| EP0903773A3 (en) * | 1997-09-17 | 1999-06-16 | Shanghai Viva Home Improvement Co., Ltd. | Double-enveloped halogen bulb |
| US6459191B1 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-10-01 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Dome shield for protected metal halide lamps |
| JP2006164709A (en) * | 2004-12-06 | 2006-06-22 | Osram Melco Toshiba Lighting Kk | High pressure discharge lamp and high pressure discharge lamp lighting device |
| JP4130842B2 (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2008-08-06 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Metal vapor discharge lamp and lighting device |
| DE102006030275A1 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-01-03 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Protective cover for lamps and associated structural unit |
| DE102010044045A1 (en) | 2010-11-17 | 2012-05-24 | Osram Ag | discharge lamp |
| JP6086202B2 (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2017-03-01 | 株式会社Ｇｓユアサ | Fixture and high-pressure discharge lamp |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB495978A (en) * | 1937-06-14 | 1938-11-23 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in high-pressure metal-vapour electric discharge devices |
| BE434243A (en) * | 1938-05-10 | |||
| GB737913A (en) * | 1951-06-01 | 1955-10-05 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to high pressure mercury vapour electric discharge lamps |
| ES254020A1 (en) * | 1958-12-11 | 1960-06-01 | Philips Nv | Improvements in electric discharge lamps |
| DE1957978C3 (en) * | 1969-11-18 | 1980-07-10 | Patra Patent Treuhand | High pressure sodium vapor or halogen metal vapor discharge lamp |
| JPS5450162A (en) * | 1977-09-29 | 1979-04-19 | Iwasaki Electric Co Ltd | High-pressure sodium vapor lamp |
| US4345178A (en) * | 1977-12-29 | 1982-08-17 | Gte Products Corporation | High intensity reflector lamp |
| DE3379089D1 (en) * | 1982-09-23 | 1989-03-02 | Gte Prod Corp | Double-enveloped lamp |
| CA1214194A (en) * | 1982-09-23 | 1986-11-18 | Gte Products Corporation | Tungsten-halogen lamp with light-source capsule containment device |
| US4598225A (en) * | 1983-02-25 | 1986-07-01 | Gte Products Corporation | Electric lamp with high outer-envelope to inner-envelope wall-thickness ratio |
| JPS59167951A (en) * | 1983-03-11 | 1984-09-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | High pressure sodium lamp |
| FR2547090B3 (en) * | 1983-06-06 | 1986-04-04 | Jaz Ind Sa | RADIOLUMINESCENT SIGNALING DEVICE |
| US4591752A (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1986-05-27 | Duro-Test Corporation | Incandescent lamp with high pressure rare gas filled tungsten-halogen element and transparent thick walled safety envelope |
| CA1243723A (en) * | 1984-09-17 | 1988-10-25 | Peter R. Gagnon | Electric lamp including a containment coating as part thereof |
-
1988
- 1988-08-26 CA CA000575877A patent/CA1305995C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-08-29 AU AU21652/88A patent/AU2165288A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1988-08-29 JP JP21265588A patent/JPS6471054A/en active Pending
- 1988-08-30 DE DE19883855637 patent/DE3855637T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-08-30 EP EP88308020A patent/EP0306269B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2165288A (en) | 1989-03-02 |
| EP0306269A2 (en) | 1989-03-08 |
| EP0306269B1 (en) | 1996-10-30 |
| JPS6471054A (en) | 1989-03-16 |
| EP0306269A3 (en) | 1991-01-23 |
| DE3855637T2 (en) | 1997-05-22 |
| DE3855637D1 (en) | 1996-12-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |