WO2007132692A1 - 水素製造システムおよび当該システムにおけるオフガスの流量制御方法 - Google Patents
水素製造システムおよび当該システムにおけるオフガスの流量制御方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007132692A1 WO2007132692A1 PCT/JP2007/059464 JP2007059464W WO2007132692A1 WO 2007132692 A1 WO2007132692 A1 WO 2007132692A1 JP 2007059464 W JP2007059464 W JP 2007059464W WO 2007132692 A1 WO2007132692 A1 WO 2007132692A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- flow rate
- cycle
- buffer tank
- adsorption
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/323—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/56—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
- H01M8/0631—Reactor construction specially adapted for combination reactor/fuel cell
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/16—Hydrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
- B01D2257/108—Hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0244—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being an autothermal reforming step, e.g. secondary reforming processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/042—Purification by adsorption on solids
- C01B2203/043—Regenerative adsorption process in two or more beds, one for adsorption, the other for regeneration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
- C01B2203/0495—Composition of the impurity the impurity being water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0822—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel the fuel containing hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0827—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel at least part of the fuel being a recycle stream
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0872—Methods of cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0872—Methods of cooling
- C01B2203/0888—Methods of cooling by evaporation of a fluid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1064—Platinum group metal catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1064—Platinum group metal catalysts
- C01B2203/107—Platinum catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1076—Copper or zinc-based catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1217—Alcohols
- C01B2203/1223—Methanol
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1288—Evaporation of one or more of the different feed components
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1695—Adjusting the feed of the combustion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/0318—Processes
- Y10T137/0324—With control of flow by a condition or characteristic of a fluid
- Y10T137/0357—For producing uniform flow
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydrogen production system for industrially producing hydrocarbon-based raw material hydrogen. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an off-gas flow rate control method in a powerful hydrogen production system.
- Hydrogen (high-purity hydrogen) is used in many industrial fields such as metal heat treatment, glass melting, semiconductor manufacturing, and optical fiber manufacturing. Hydrogen is also used as fuel for fuel cells.
- Patent Document 1 An example of a hydrogen production system for industrially producing hydrogen is described in Patent Document 1 below.
- the hydrogen production system described in Patent Document 1 includes a vaporizer, a reforming reactor, and a pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation device.
- the vaporizer heats and vaporizes a mixed raw material containing hydrocarbon-based raw materials such as methanol and natural gas, water, and oxygen before supplying it to the reforming reactor.
- the mixed raw material flowing through the carburetor is heated to a predetermined temperature using a high-temperature combustion gas generated by the combustion of fuel as a heat source.
- the reforming reactor causes a reforming reaction of the vaporized mixed raw material to generate a reformed gas (including hydrogen).
- Patent Document 1 International Publication WO2006Z006479 Pamphlet
- the pressure fluctuation adsorption type gas separation device is for desorbing unnecessary components other than hydrogen contained in the reformed gas and deriving a hydrogen-enriched gas as a product gas.
- An adsorption tower filled with an adsorbent for preferentially adsorbing essential components is provided.
- Pressure fluctuation In the adsorption gas separator, gas separation is performed by the pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation method (PSA separation method).
- PSA separation method pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation method
- a cycle including, for example, an adsorption process, a desorption process, and a regeneration process is repeatedly performed in an adsorption tower.
- the reformed gas is introduced into the adsorption tower, and unnecessary components in the reformed gas are adsorbed under a pressurized condition to derive the adsorption tower power hydrogen-enriched gas.
- the inside of the adsorption tower is depressurized to desorb unnecessary components from the adsorbent, and the gas (off-gas) containing hydrogen and the unnecessary components remaining in the tower is also discharged.
- the cleaning gas is passed through the adsorption tower, so that the adsorption performance of the adsorbent for the unnecessary components is recovered.
- the time for one cycle to be executed (cycle time) is generally constant.
- the off-gas discharged from the adsorption tower force is supplied to a vaporizer through a pipe, and hydrogen gas contained in the off-gas is consumed as a fuel for vaporization of the mixed raw material. Due to the characteristics of the PSA separation method, the amount of gas and concentration of the off-gas discharged from the adsorption tower change over time. When unnecessary components other than hydrogen are adsorbed and removed by the adsorption tower as described above, the amount of off-gas (flow rate) discharged from the adsorption tower is relatively high at the beginning of the desorption process. The concentration is also relatively high.
- the amount of off-gas discharged by the adsorption tower force decreases, and the hydrogen concentration in the off-gas also decreases.
- offgas may not be discharged continuously due to the operation cycle in the adsorption tower. Therefore, if the off gas that also discharges the adsorption tower power continues to be supplied to the vaporizer through the pipe, the amount of hydrogen gas in the off-gas supplied to the vaporizer fluctuates relatively with time, and as a result, The combustion state in the vaporizer becomes unstable.
- a pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation device and a gas A buffer tank having a relatively large capacity may be provided in the middle of the pipe connecting the fixtures. If a notch tank is provided, off-gas from which the adsorption tower power is also discharged is stored in the notch tank. Within the buffer tank, the hydrogen concentration in the offgas is average As a result, off-gas with an almost constant hydrogen concentration is derived from the notch tank tank.
- a flow rate control valve for adjusting the flow rate of off-gas supplied to the vaporizer is provided on the downstream side of the notch tank.
- the mixing raw material is constant in the vaporizer or the reforming reactor. Supplied in supply amount (supply amount per unit time).
- the flow control valve is set at a predetermined opening so that the average flow rate of the off gas flowing into the buffer tank and the flow rate of the off gas derived from the buffer tank force are substantially the same. Fixed at degrees. As a result, in the carburetor, the fuel for vaporization at a substantially constant flow rate is covered by off-gas, and a stable combustion state is maintained.
- the ratio of the steam reforming reaction and the partial acid reforming reaction proceeding in the reactor is adjusted as described above so that the inside of the reforming reactor is kept at a predetermined temperature. It has been adjusted.
- the mixed raw material is continuously heated and vaporized and the inside of the reforming reactor is maintained at a predetermined temperature only by the self-supplied heat accompanying the system operation.
- the load on the reforming reactor and the pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation device is reduced. Need to change. For example, when increasing the production volume of hydrogen-enriched gas, it is necessary to gradually increase the load of the reforming reactor and the pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation device until the steady operation state after the load change is reached. The supply amount of the mixed raw material supplied to the vaporizer or reforming reactor is continuously increased. As a result, the amount (flow rate) of the reformed gas supplied to the pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation device via the reforming reactor also increases continuously, so it is necessary to change the operating conditions of the pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation device.
- the pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation apparatus is configured such that the cycle including the adsorption process, the desorption process, and the regeneration process is repeated as described above. Therefore, each process is executed according to a predetermined time chart for one cycle, and the cycle is executed at a predetermined cycle time.
- the flow rate of the reformed gas supplied to the pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separator increases, but the adsorbent in the adsorption tower Since the retention capacity (capacity) of unnecessary components is substantially constant, it is necessary to shorten the cycle time to meet the increase in the flow rate of the reformed gas.
- the cycle time in the pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation device is shortened sequentially for each cycle until the steady operation state after the load change is reached.
- the flow rate of the off gas supplied to the vaporizer is stepped in synchronization with the operation cycle of the pressure fluctuation adsorption type gas separation device. Increased.
- the amount of off-gas flowing into the koffa tank during one cycle (in other words, the average flow rate of off-gas flowing into the buffer tank in that cycle) and the outflow of the koffa tank during that cycle
- the amount of off-gas to be discharged (in other words, the flow rate of the off-gas tank gas flowing out in that one cycle) is equal to the downstream side of the notch tank
- the degree of opening of the flow control valve is gradually increased.
- the present invention has been conceived under such circumstances, and purifies the reformed gas.
- Pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separator power to obtain hydrogen-enriched gas
- the off gas discharged is configured to be used in the vaporizer as fuel for heating the mixed raw material before being supplied to the reforming reactor.
- To provide an off-gas flow rate control method capable of avoiding sudden fluctuations in the off-gas flow rate supplied to the vaporizer when the load of the pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation device is changed in a hydrogen production system. With the goal.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen production system in which the off-gas flow rate control method is implemented.
- a vaporizer for heating and vaporizing a mixed raw material containing a hydrocarbon-based raw material, and the vaporization by the reforming reaction of the hydrocarbon-based raw material.
- the above-mentioned modification is made to the adsorption tower by a pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation method using a reforming reactor for producing a reformed gas containing hydrogen from the mixed raw material and an adsorption tower filled with an adsorbent.
- An adsorption step for introducing a gas to adsorb unnecessary components in the reformed gas to the adsorbent and deriving a hydrogen-enriched gas from the adsorption tower; and desorbing the unnecessary components from the adsorbent.
- Pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation configured to repeatedly perform a cycle including at least a desorption step for discharging off-gas containing hydrogen remaining in the adsorption tower and the unnecessary components from the adsorption tower in the adsorption tower. And exhausted from the adsorption tower
- An offgas supply pipe for supplying offgas to the vaporizer as a fuel for heating the mixed raw material, and a buffer tank provided in the offgas supply pipe for storing the offgas discharged from the adsorption tower force.
- a flow rate control unit for controlling the flow rate of the off gas supplied to the vaporizer through the buffer tank, the off gas flow rate control method in a hydrogen production system, wherein the pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation
- the preceding cycle includes a maintenance period in which the flow rate of the off gas from the buffer tank is maintained constant, and a subsequent change period in which the flow rate of the off gas is linearly changed.
- the cycle includes a preceding change period in which the off-gas flow rate from the buffer tank changes linearly and a maintenance period in which the off-gas flow rate is kept constant, and the subsequent change period in the preceding cycle.
- the length of the preceding change period of the succeeding site are the same, and the rate of change in the off-gas flow rate of the buffer tank force during these two change periods is constant, and the The off-gas flow rate of the buffer tank force at the end of the preceding change period of the row cycle, and the adsorption tower force discharged in the subsequent cycle.
- the average flow rate of the gas is the same.
- the adsorption tower power is discharged in the subsequent change period and the preceding change period, which are periods in which the off-gas flow rate from the buffer tank changes continuously with time.
- the amount of off-gas supplied to the buffer tank side and the amount of off-gas supplied to the vaporizer side are the same. Therefore, the flow rate of the off gas supplied to the buffer tank power vaporizer is matched while the material balance of the off gas amount flowing into the notch tank and the off gas amount flowing out from the buffer tank is matched before and after the load fluctuation of the PSA separator. Rapid fluctuations can be avoided.
- the cycle time of the subsequent cycle when the cycle time of the subsequent cycle is shortened with respect to the cycle time of the preceding cycle, the length of the subsequent change period of the preceding cycle is increased. This is half the cycle time of the succeeding cycle.
- the length of the preceding change period of the succeeding cycle is increased. This is half the cycle time of the preceding cycle.
- a hardly adsorbable component is obtained by pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation.
- An adsorption process for taking out the first component gas as a target gas from a source gas containing a first component and a second component that is an easily adsorbed component, and an off-gas containing the second component gas and the first component gas A pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation device configured to repeatedly perform a cycle including a desorption process for removing gas, an offgas consumption unit for consuming offgas, and the pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation device.
- An off-gas supply pipe for supplying off-gas extracted from the gas to the off-gas consumption unit, and a buffer tank provided in the off-gas supply pipe for temporarily storing the off-gas extracted from the pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separator.
- a flow rate control unit for controlling the flow rate of the off gas supplied to the off gas consumption unit through the buffer tank;
- An off gas flow rate control method is provided in which the flow rate of the off gas supplied to is continuously changed over time by the flow rate control unit in at least a part of the changed cycle time.
- a vaporizer for heating and vaporizing a mixed raw material containing a hydrocarbon raw material, and the vaporized mixed raw material by a reforming reaction of the hydrocarbon raw material. Then, the reformed gas is generated in the adsorption tower by a pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation method using a reforming reactor for generating a reformed gas containing hydrogen and an adsorption tower packed with an adsorbent.
- An adsorption step for introducing an unnecessary component in the reformed gas to the adsorbent and deriving a hydrogen-enriched gas from the adsorption tower; and desorbing the unnecessary component from the adsorbent to the adsorption tower
- a pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation device configured to repeatedly perform a cycle including at least a desorption step for discharging off-gas containing hydrogen remaining in the gas and the unnecessary component from the adsorption tower in the adsorption tower; Off from the adsorption tower An off-gas supply pipe for supplying gas to the vaporizer as fuel for heating the mixed raw material, and a buffer tank provided in the off-gas supply pipe for storing the off-gas discharged from the adsorption tower And a flow rate control unit for controlling the flow rate of off-gas supplied to the vaporizer via the buffer tank, the flow rate control unit comprising the pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation unit Equipment load When changing the cycle time of the cycle due to fluctuations, the flow rate of the off-gas supplied
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a hydrogen production system that can be used to execute an off-gas flow rate control method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the off-gas flow rate control method according to the present invention, and the time of the flow rate of off-gas supplied to the buffer tank force vaporizer as the load of the pressure fluctuation adsorption-type gas separator increases. It is a graph which shows an example of change.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a part of the graph shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an example of a change in flow rate shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the off-gas flow rate control method according to the present invention, and the flow time of off-gas supplied from the buffer tank to the vaporizer as the load of the pressure fluctuation adsorption-type gas separator decreases. It is a graph which shows an example of change.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a part of the graph shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining an example of a flow rate change shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a hydrogen production system XI that can be used to execute an off-gas flow rate control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the hydrogen production system XI consists of a vaporizer 1, a reforming reactor 2, a heat exchanger 3, a gas-liquid separator 4, a pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation device (PSA separation device) 5, and a nota tank 6 And an off-gas flow rate control unit 7, and is configured to produce hydrogen using methanol, which is a hydrocarbon-based material, as a main material.
- PSA separation device pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation device
- the vaporizer 1 includes a main body container 11, a supply pipe 12, a catalytic combustion section 13, and a flow pipe 14.
- the vaporizer 1 is heated and vaporized by heating a mixed material containing methanol, water, and oxygen.
- Figure 1 Odor 1 schematically shows the internal structure of the vaporizer 1.
- the main body container 11 has a closed-end tubular structure, and a combustion gas discharge port 111 is provided at an upper end portion thereof.
- the supply pipe 12 has a double pipe structure including an outer pipe 121 and an inner pipe 122.
- the outer pipe 121 has an upper end connected to the pipe 81 outside the main body container 11, and a lower end opened in the main body container 11.
- the inner pipe 122 has an upper end connected to the pipe 83 and the off-gas supply pipe 92 outside the main body container 11, and a lower end opened in the outer pipe 121.
- a pipe 81 connected to the outer pipe 121 is connected to an air blower 82.
- a pipe 83 connected to the inner pipe 122 is connected to a supply source (not shown) of vaporizing fuel (for example, LPG: liquefied petroleum gas) at the start of operation.
- a supply source for example, LPG: liquefied petroleum gas
- the catalytic combustion section 13 is provided at the lower end portion in the outer pipe 121, and generates high-temperature combustion gas by catalytic combustion of hydrogen and the above-mentioned fuel for starting operation.
- the catalyst combustion section 13 is filled with a combustion catalyst. Examples of the combustion catalyst include platinum-based catalysts such as platinum and palladium.
- the distribution pipe 14 has a raw material inlet end 141 and a raw material outlet end 142, and has a spiral part surrounding the supply pipe 12 in part.
- the raw material introduction end 141 protrudes outside the main body container 11 from the lower end portion of the main body container 11.
- the upper end force of the main body container 11 is also out of the main body container 11.
- the combustion gas also releases the open end (lower end in the figure) force of the outer pipe 121, and the flow pipe 14 in the main body container 11 is released.
- Combustion gas discharge port 111 force is also discharged out of carburetor 1 through the surroundings.
- a heat storage material (not shown) is filled around the supply pipe 12 and the circulation pipe 14 in the main body container 11 as necessary.
- the reforming reactor 2 includes a main body container 21 and a reforming reaction unit 22 as shown in FIG. This reforming reactor 2 reforms methanol in the mixed raw material vaporized in the vaporizer 1 by combining the steam reforming reaction and partial oxidation reforming reaction of methanol, and contains hydrogen. The reformed gas is generated.
- the main body container 21 has a closed-end tubular structure, a raw material inlet 211 is provided at the lower end thereof, and a reformed gas outlet 212 is provided at the upper end thereof.
- the raw material inlet 211 is connected to the raw material outlet 142 of the vaporizer 1.
- the reforming reaction unit 22 is provided inside the main body container 21 and is filled with a reforming catalyst (not shown). This reforming catalyst is in a vaporized state. Steam reforming reaction and partial oxidation reforming reaction are combined with methanol in the mixed raw material.
- a mixture containing aluminum oxide, copper oxide and zinc oxide can be employed as the reforming catalyst.
- the content ratios of the above components in the reforming catalyst are, for example, CuO force 2 wt%, ZnO force 47 wt%, and Al O force lO wt%.
- the heat exchanger ⁇ 3 has a methanol water inlet 31, a methanol water outlet 32, a reformed gas inlet 33, and a reformed gas outlet 34, and is supplied to the vaporizer 1.
- the methanol water is preheated and the reformed gas is cooled by heat exchange between the methanol water before being reformed and the reformed gas generated in the reforming reactor 2.
- heat exchanger 3 there is a path for methanol water to flow from methanol water inlet 31 to methanol water outlet 32, and for reformed gas to flow from reformed gas inlet 33 to reformed gas outlet 34.
- a path is provided and heat exchange takes place between these two types of paths.
- the heat exchanger 3 reduces the heat energy required when the mixed raw material is heated and vaporized in the vaporizer 1.
- the methanol water inlet 31 is connected to a methanol water supply source (not shown) via a pipe 84 and a pump 85.
- the pump 85 delivers methanol water at a predetermined pressure.
- the methanol water outlet 32 is connected to the raw material introduction end 141 of the vaporizer 1 through a pipe 86.
- a pipe 87 is connected to the pipe 86 via one end thereof.
- the other end of the pipe 87 is connected to a supply source (not shown) of an oxygen-containing gas (for example, oxygen-enriched gas or air).
- the pipe 87 is provided with a flow rate control valve 87a for adjusting the flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas.
- the reformed gas inlet 33 is connected to the reformed gas inlet 212 of the reforming reactor 2 through a pipe 88.
- the reformed gas outlet 34 is connected to the gas-liquid separator 4 via a pipe 89.
- the gas-liquid separator 4 has a liquid discharge port 41, and separates the liquid component (for example, water) 42 mixed in the reformed gas from the gas.
- the liquid discharge port 41 discharges the liquid component 42 collected by the gas-liquid separator 4 to the outside of the gas-liquid separator 4.
- the PSA separation device 5 includes at least one adsorption tower filled with an adsorbent, and is enriched with hydrogen from the reformed gas by a pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation method (PSA separation method) performed using the adsorption tower.
- PSA separation method pressure fluctuation adsorption gas separation method
- the gas can be taken out.
- zeolite adsorbent, carbon adsorbent, or alumina adsorbent is used as the adsorbent filled in the adsorption tower.
- a zeolitic adsorbent is employed.
- the adsorption tower may be filled with one kind of adsorbent, or may be filled with plural kinds of adsorbents.
- a cycle including an adsorption process, a desorption process, and a regeneration process is repeated.
- the reformed gas is introduced into the adsorption tower where the inside of the adsorption tower is at a predetermined high pressure, and unnecessary components (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc.) in the reformed gas are adsorbed.
- the adsorption tower force hydrogen-enriched gas is derived.
- the inside of the adsorption tower is depressurized to desorb the unnecessary components such as the adsorbent, and off-gas containing hydrogen remaining in the adsorption tower and the unnecessary components is discharged to the outside.
- the adsorption performance of the adsorbent for unnecessary components is restored by passing a cleaning gas through the adsorption tower, for example, to prepare the adsorption tower for the second adsorption process.
- a PSA separation device 5 a known PSA hydrogen separation device can be used.
- the noffer tank 6 is provided in an off-gas supply pipe 92 that connects the PSA separator 5 and the vaporizer 1, and is discharged from the adsorption tower of the PSA separator 5 and supplied to the vaporizer 1. And control the fluctuation of the off-gas flow rate.
- the off gas flow rate control unit 7 includes a flow rate control valve 71 provided in an off gas supply pipe 92 on the downstream side of the notch tank 6 and a controller 72 that controls the operation of the flow rate control valve 71. Adjust the flow rate of the off-gas supplied to the carburetor 1. In the off gas flow rate control unit 7, the opening degree of the flow rate control valve 71 is adjusted by the controller 72 in accordance with the flow rate (average flow rate) of the off gas flowing into the notch tank 6.
- the pump 85 is activated, whereby methanol water having a predetermined concentration is introduced into the heat exchanger 3 from the methanol water inlet 31 via the pipe 84.
- methanol water at a relatively low temperature for example, 10 to 25 ° C
- reformed gas having a relatively high temperature for example, 230 to 270 ° C
- it is heated (preheated) to 137 ° C by heat exchange.
- the methanol water preheated in the heat exchanger 3 is led out of the heat exchanger 3 from the methanol water outlet 32 and passes through the pipe 86 to introduce an oxygen-containing gas (which is introduced into the pipe 86 through the pipe 87 (for example, oxygen-enriched gas or air).
- the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas can be adjusted by the flow control valve 87a.
- the mixed raw material (including methanol, water, and oxygen) obtained in this manner is introduced into the flow pipe 14 of the vaporizer 1 from its raw material introduction end 141. During steady operation, the supply amount of the mixed raw material supplied to the vaporizer 1 (supply amount per unit time) is adjusted to be constant.
- the mixed raw material introduced into the circulation pipe 14 is necessary for the reforming reaction in the subsequent reforming reactor 2 using the combustion gas generated in the catalytic combustion section 13 as a heat source in the process of passing through the circulation pipe 14. It is heated to the reaction temperature (for example, 230 to 270 ° C) and vaporized.
- the vaporized mixed raw material is led out of the vaporizer 1 from the raw material outlet end 142 of the flow pipe 14 and supplied to the reforming reactor 2 via the raw material inlet end 211.
- the mixed raw material supplied to the reforming reactor 2 is introduced into the reforming reaction section 22.
- a steam reforming reaction of methanol which is an endothermic reaction
- a partial oxidation reforming reaction of methanol which is an exothermic reaction
- Reformed gas is generated.
- the proportion of methanol consumed in each reaction that is, the steam reforming reaction and a part thereof
- the reaction temperature for example, 230 to 270 ° C.
- the reformed gas generated in the reforming reaction section 22 is led out of the reforming reactor 2 from the reforming gas outlet 212 and into the heat exchanger 3 via the pipe 88 and the reformed gas inlet 33. be introduced.
- the reformed gas having a relatively high temperature for example, 230 to 270 ° C
- the heat exchanger ⁇ 3 as described above. For example, it is cooled to 40 ° C by heat exchange with methanol water.
- the reformed gas cooled in the heat exchanger 3 is led out of the heat exchanger 3 through the reformed gas outlet 34 and introduced into the gas-liquid separator 4 through the pipe 89.
- the liquid component 42 mixed in the reformed gas is gas-liquid separated from the reformed gas.
- the introduction of the liquid component 42 into the adsorption tower of the PSA separation device 5 located downstream of the gas-liquid separator 4 can be suppressed, and the adsorption in which the liquid component 42 is packed in the adsorption tower.
- the deterioration of the adsorbent due to contact with the adsorbent can be suppressed.
- the liquid component 42 recovered by the gas-liquid separation is vaporized through the liquid discharge port 41. 4 separators are discharged outside.
- the reformed gas that has passed through the gas-liquid separator 4 is supplied to the PSA separator 5 via the pipe 90.
- the flow rate of the reformed gas supplied to the PSA separation device 5 via the reforming reactor 2 is substantially constant.
- a cycle including an adsorption step, a desorption step, and a regeneration step is repeated by the PSA separation method.
- a reformed gas containing hydrogen is introduced into an adsorption tower in which the inside of the adsorption tower is in a predetermined high pressure state.
- unnecessary components carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, unreacted methanol, nitrogen, etc.
- a hydrogen-enriched gas a gas with a high hydrogen concentration
- the obtained hydrogen-enriched gas is taken out of the hydrogen production system XI through the pipe 91.
- unnecessary components such as the adsorbent are desorbed by the reduced pressure in the adsorption tower, and off-gas containing hydrogen remaining in the adsorption tower and the unnecessary components is discharged outside the adsorption tower.
- the cleaning gas generally part of the hydrogen-enriched gas
- the cleaning gas is passed through the adsorption tower, so that the adsorption performance of the adsorbent for the unnecessary components is recovered.
- hydrogen-enriched gas product gas
- off-gas is taken out as described above.
- the hydrogen-enriched gas is continuously used for a predetermined application, for example, or stored in a predetermined tank.
- the off gas flows into the buffer tank 6 through the off gas supply pipe 92 and is temporarily stored in the buffer tank 6.
- the flow rate of the reformed gas supplied to the adsorption tower of the PSA separation device 5 is substantially constant, so the cycle time (cycle time) repeatedly executed in the PSA separation device 5 is concerned. ) Is assumed to be constant.
- An example of the cycle time of the PSA separation device 5 and the amount of off-gas discharged from the PSA separation device 5 is as follows. When the load of the PSA separation device 5 is 50%, the cycle time is 200 seconds. The amount of off-gas generated is 7. lNm 3 Zh in average flow rate.
- the off-gas in the notifier tank 6 is supplied as vaporized fuel to the carburetor 1 through the off-gas supply pipe 92 after the flow rate is adjusted by the flow rate control valve 71.
- the degree of opening of the flow control valve 71 is set so that the average flow rate of off-gas discharged from the PSA separation device 5 and the flow rate of off-gas discharged from the buffer tank 6 are the same. Is done.
- the opening degree of the flow control valve 71 is fixedly set. As a result, the material balance between the amount of off-gas flowing into the buffer tank 6 and the amount of off-gas flowing out of the buffer tank 6 can be matched.
- the off-gas supplied to the vaporizer 1 as vaporizing fuel is introduced into the catalytic combustion unit 13 through the inner pipe 122 and the outer pipe 121. At the same time, air continues to be supplied to the catalytic combustion section 13 through the pipe 81 and the outer pipe 121.
- hydrogen in the off-gas is catalytically burned by the action of the combustion catalyst, and high-temperature (for example, 500 to 600 ° C.) combustion gas is generated.
- the high-temperature combustion gas generated in the catalytic combustion section 13 is released from the open end (lower end in the figure) of the outer pipe 121 of the supply pipe 12 and passes around the circulation pipe 14 in the main body container 11 to exhaust the combustion gas.
- the combustion gas passes around the circulation pipe 14, the combustion gas force as a heat source is also transferred to the circulation pipe 14, and the mixed raw material flowing through the circulation pipe 14 reaches a predetermined temperature (for example, 230 to 270 ° C.). It is heated and vaporized. Since the flow pipe 14 has a spiral portion, a large surface area (heat receiving area) of the flow pipe 14 can be secured. Therefore, the circulation pipe 14 having such a spiral portion can increase the heat transfer efficiency with respect to the mixed raw material flowing through the distribution pipe 14, and can efficiently heat the mixed raw material. In addition, almost no incomplete combustion gas is generated in catalytic combustion, so there is little environmental load due to the final release of the combustion gas into the atmosphere.
- the raw materials are the heat exchanger 3, the vaporizer reforming reactor 2, the heat exchanger 3, the gas-liquid separator 4,
- the hydrogen-enriched gas is taken out from the PSA separation device 5 through the PSA separation device 5 and supplied to the vaporizer 1 through the off-gas power buffer tank 6 discharged from the PSA separation device 5.
- the vaporizer in the hydrogen production system XI, by adjusting the flow rate of the off-gas discharged from the PSA separation device 5 and supplied to the vaporizer 1 through the buffer tank 6 or the off-gas flow rate control unit 7, the vaporizer can be operated during normal operation. Vaporization at the specified temperature by heating the mixed raw material in 1 The fuel necessary to make it into the state is covered only by off-gas from the PSA separator 5.
- the ratio of the steam reforming reaction and the partial oxidation reforming reaction of the hydrocarbon-based raw material that proceeds in the reforming reaction section 22 of the reforming reactor 2 is adjusted, so that the reforming reactor 2 The inside is maintained at a predetermined reaction temperature.
- the mixed raw material is continuously heated and vaporized only by the self-supplied heat accompanying the system operation, and the reforming reaction section 22 of the reforming reactor 2 is kept at a predetermined temperature. Maintained.
- the flow rate of the reformed gas supplied to the PSA separation device 5 also increases continuously, so it is necessary to change the operating conditions of the PSA separation device 5.
- the retention capacity of unnecessary components by the adsorbent in the adsorption tower is substantially constant. Therefore, when the flow rate of the reformed gas introduced into the adsorption tower increases continuously, the modified The cycle time must be shortened in order to meet the increase in quality gas flow. When the cycle times are sequentially shortened in this way, the amount (flow rate) of off-gas discharged from the PSA separation device 5 increases.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing an example of the change over time in the flow rate of off-gas from the buffer tank 6 to the vaporizer 1 under such control.
- Figure 2 shows the change in flow rate during the process of varying the load on the PSA separator 5 from 50% to 100%.
- the horizontal axis represents the elapsed time at the time of load change of the PSA separator 5
- the vertical axis (left side) represents the off-gas flow rate.
- the broken line represents the average flow rate of off-gas discharged from the adsorption tower in each cycle of the PSA separator 5, and the solid line represents the flow rate of off-gas supplied from the notch tank 6 to the vaporizer 1.
- the broken line shown in FIG. 2 corresponds to the change in the flow rate of the offgas supplied to the vaporizer in the buffer tank force in the conventional flow rate control method.
- Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of part of Fig. 2 and shows the flow rate change in two adjacent cycles CI and C2.
- the change in the flow rate of the off gas from the buffer tank 6 includes a change portion in the cycle C1 and a change portion in the cycle C2.
- the change in cycle C1 is composed of a preceding change period Cla that increases linearly and continuously, a maintenance period C1 b that maintains constant, and a subsequent change period Clc that increases linearly and continuously.
- the change part in cycle C2 is composed of a preceding change period C2a that increases linearly continuously, a sustain period C2b that maintains constant, and a subsequent change period C2c that increases linearly continuously. Yes.
- the opening degree of the flow control valve 71 begins to increase simultaneously with the start of the subsequent change period Clc of cycle C1, and the next cycle C2 precedes.
- the opening degree is continuously increased gradually until the change period C2a ends.
- the length of the subsequent change period Clc of cycle C1 is half the cycle time CT2 (160 seconds) of cycle C2 (CT2Z2: 80 seconds). ! / Further, the length CT2Z2 (80 seconds) of the subsequent change period Clc of the cycle C1 and the length of the preceding change period C2a of the cycle C2 are the same. In addition, the rate of change in the off-gas flow rate from the buffer tank 6 in these two consecutive periods Clc and C2a is constant.
- the off-gas flow rate from the buffer tank 6 to the air heater 1 at the end of the preceding change period C2a of the cycle C2 is equal to the average off-gas flow rate discharged in the adsorption tower force in the cycle C2.
- the average off-gas flow rate (broken line portion) with the adsorption tower force is the same as the off-gas flow rate from the kaffa tank 6 (solid line portion).
- the amount of off-gas supplied from the six buffer tanks is the amount of off-gas discharged from the PSA separator 5 (broken line)
- the amount of off-gas supplied from the kaffa tank 6 is larger in the preceding change period C2a of cycle C2 than the area T) surrounded by the broken line part and solid line part.
- the amount is reduced by the area of the triangle T2 surrounded by the broken line portion and the solid line portion.
- the length of the subsequent change period Clc of the cycle C1 and the length of the preceding change period C2a of the cycle C2 are the same, and the flow rate change rates of these successive periods Clc and C2a are constant. Therefore, the triangle T1 and the triangle T2 are in a congruent relationship, and their areas are the same. Therefore, in the subsequent change period Clc of cycle C1 and the preceding change period C2a of cycle C2, the imbalance portion of the off-gas amount is canceled between triangles T1 and T2, and the adsorption tower power of PSA separator 5 is discharged. The amount of offgas to be supplied and the amount of offgas supplied to the vaporizer 1 side are the same.
- the average flow rate of off-gas from the adsorption tower and the flow rate of off-gas from the buffer tank 6 are the same, so the off-gas discharged from the adsorption tower during that period. Volume and vaporizer supplied to 1 side The amount of fugus is the same. As can be understood from the above, the material balance is the same for the amount of off-gas flowing into the koffa tank 6 and the amount of off-gas flowing out of the buffer tank 6 before and after the load fluctuation of the PSA separator 5.
- the length of the subsequent change period Clc of the cycle C1 is set to a half length (CT2Z2) of the cycle time CT2 of the cycle C2.
- CT2Z2 half length of the cycle time CT2 of the cycle C2.
- the length of the subsequent change period Clc and the length of the preceding change period C2a as described above are Assuming that the geometric relationship that the flow rate change rate of these continuous periods Clc and C2a is constant should only be established between cycles CI and C2, the preceding change period C2a of cycle C2 The maximum value that can be secured as is the cycle time CT2 (see Fig. 4). In this case, since the length of the subsequent change period Clc of the cycle C1 is the same as the length of the preceding change period C2a of the cycle C2, it is the same as the cycle time CT2 of the cycle C2.
- the load fluctuation process of the PSA separator 5 includes the above-described cycles CI and C2 and other cycles, and is executed so that the cycle time is sequentially reduced. Is done. Therefore, in order for the above geometric relationship to be established between all adjacent cycles other than between cycles CI and C2, it is possible to secure the preceding change period C2a of cycle C2 and the subsequent change period Clc of cycle C1.
- the maximum length is half the cycle time CT2. Therefore, when the cycle time is sequentially shortened in accordance with the load fluctuation of the PSA separator 5 in such a control, the buffer tank 6 is matched with the material balance of the off-gas amount coming into and out of the notch tank 6 in the process of the load fluctuation. This means that the change in the flow rate of off-gas from is suppressed as much as possible, and is suitable for smoothly operating the hydrogen production system XI.
- the load fluctuation of the PSA separator 5 (in this example, 50% to 10%). (Changed to 0%), the cycle time of each cycle of the PSA separation device 5 until the end of the load fluctuation start force and the average flow rate of offgas discharged in the adsorption tower force in each cycle (shown in Fig. 2)
- the broken line portion can be calculated by executing a calculation process by a computer program.
- the flow rate of the reformed gas also decreases continuously, it is necessary to change the operating conditions of the PSA separator 5.
- the retention capacity of the unnecessary components by the adsorbent in the adsorption tower is substantially constant. Therefore, if the flow rate of the reformed gas introduced into the adsorption tower is continuously reduced, The cycle time is gradually extended to meet the decrease in the reformed gas flow rate. As the cycle time is gradually extended, the amount (flow rate) of off-gas discharged from the PSA separator 5 decreases.
- FIG. 5 shows a graph representing an example of the change over time in the flow rate of the off gas from the buffer tank 6 to the air heater 1 by the control.
- Figure 5 shows the change in flow rate during the process of varying the load of PSA separator 5 from 100% to 50%. Indicates.
- the horizontal axis represents the elapsed time when the load of the PSA separator 5 is changed, and the vertical axis (left side) represents the off-gas flow rate.
- the broken line indicates the adsorption tower power in each cycle of the PSA separation device 5 and the average flow rate of the off gas discharged.
- the solid line indicates the flow rate of the off gas supplied from the nota tank 6 to the vaporizer 1.
- the broken line shown in Fig. 5 corresponds to the change in the flow rate of the offgas supplied to the vaporizer in the conventional tanker control method.
- Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of a part of Fig. 5 and shows the flow rate change in two adjacent cycles Cl 'and C2'.
- the cycle time in the cycle is extended from CT1 'to CT2'.
- the change in the flow rate of off-gas from the buffer tank 6 includes the change part in cycle C1 'and the change part in cycle C2'.
- the change in cycle C1 ′ consists of a preceding change period Cla ′ that decreases linearly continuously, a sustain period Clb ′ that maintains constant, and a subsequent change period Clc ′ that decreases linearly continuously. It is configured.
- the change in cycle C2 ' is composed of a preceding change period C2a' that continuously decreases linearly, a sustain period C2b 'that maintains constant, and a subsequent change period C2c' that decreases linearly.
- the cycle of the flow control valve 71 starts to be reduced at the same time as the start of the cycle C1 ′ following change period Clc ′ before the cycle C1 and the force are switched to the cycle C2, and the next cycle is started.
- the opening degree is gradually decreased gradually until the preceding change period C2a 'of C2' ends.
- the control for continuously changing the off-gas flow rate with time according to the change of the cycle time as described above is supplied to the carburetor 1 unlike the case of changing the off-gas flow rate that has been conventionally adopted in a stepwise manner. A sudden change in the off-gas flow rate can be avoided. Therefore, according to such an off-gas flow rate control method, even when the load of the PSA separation device 5 is changed with a decrease in the production amount of the hydrogen-enriched gas by the hydrogen production system XI, the combustion state in the carburetor 1 is changed. As a result, the influence on the operation of the hydrogen production system XI is reduced.
- the length of the preceding change period C2a of cycle C2 is half of the cycle time CT1 of cycle C1, (169 seconds) (CT1, Z2: 84.5 seconds). ing. Also rhino The length of the follow-up change period Clc ′ of the curl CI ′ is the same as the lengths C T1 and Z2 of the preceding change period C2a ′ of the cycle C2 ′. In addition, the rate of change of the off-gas flow rate from the kaffa tank 6 during these two consecutive periods Clc 'and C2a' is constant.
- the subsequent change period Clc the amount of off-gas supplied from the buffer tank 6 (solid line portion) is changed to the amount of off-gas discharged from the PSA separation device 5 (dotted line portion).
- the amount of off gas (solid line) supplied from the kaffa tank 6 is reduced in the preceding change period C2a' of cycle C2 '.
- the amount is increased by the area of the triangle T2 ′ surrounded by the broken line portion and the solid line portion.
- the length of the subsequent change period Clc ′ of the cycle C1 ′ is equal to the length of the subsequent change period C2a ′ of the cycle C2 ′, and the continuous periods Clc ′ and C2a ′ Since the rate of change in flow rate is constant, the triangle T1 'and the triangle T2' have a congruent relationship and the same area.
- the unbalanced portion of the off-gas amount is offset between the triangle T1 ′ and the triangle T2 ′, and the PSA separator 5
- the amount of off-gas that is discharged is the same as the amount of off-gas that is supplied to the vaporizer 1 side.
- the maintenance period C2b ′ the average off-gas flow rate from the adsorption tower and the off-gas flow rate from the buffer tank 6 are the same.
- the amount of off-gas supplied to the vaporizer 1 side are the same.
- the amount of off-gas flowing into the buffer tank 6 and the amount of off-gas flowing out of the buffer tank 6 before and after the load fluctuation of the PSA separator 5 are changed.
- the material balance matches.
- the length of the preceding change period C2a 'of the cycle C2' is half the cycle time CT1 'of the cycle C1 (CT1' Z2).
- CT1' Z2 cycle time
- This point will be specifically examined mainly for the period in which the flow rate of off-gas changes (following change period Clc 'of cycle C1' and preceding change period C2a 'of cycle C2').
- the rate of change in the off-gas flow rate be as small as possible. Therefore, it is preferable that the period during which the off-gas flow rate changes continuously be as long as possible.
- the cycle time CT2 of the cycle C2 ′ is longer than the cycle time CT1 ′ of the cycle C1!
- the length of ' is the same as the length of the preceding change period C2a', and the geometrical relationship that the flow rate change rate of these continuous periods Clc 'and C2a' is constant is the cyclic Cl ', C2 Assuming that it only has to be established between ', the maximum value of the length that can be secured as the subsequent change period Clc' of cycle C1 'is cycle time CT1' (see Fig. 7).
- the load fluctuation process of the PSA separator 5 includes the above-described cycle Cl ′, C2 ′ and the other cycles, and the cycle time. Are executed so as to extend sequentially. Therefore, in order for the above geometric relationship to be established also between all adjacent cycles other than between the cycles Cl ′ and C2 ′, the preceding change period Clc ′ and the cycle C2 ′ of the cycle C1 ′ are preceded.
- the maximum length that can be secured as the change period C2a ' is half of the cycle time CT1'. Therefore, in such a control, when the cycle time is sequentially extended in accordance with the load fluctuation of the PSA separation device 5, the buffer tank is made while matching the material balance of the off-gas amount with respect to the buffer tank 6 in the process of the load fluctuation. This means that the change in off-gas flow rate from 6 is suppressed as much as possible, which is suitable for smooth operation of the hydrogen production system XI.
- the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment.
- the off-gas flow rate control method can be applied, for example, at the start of operation of the hydrogen production system (until a predetermined time elapses after the start of operation until it reaches a steady operation state) or when the operation is stopped. It can be applied even when the load of the PSA separator is varied (from steady operation to operation stop).
- the off-gas flow rate control method according to the present invention is not limited to the application to the hydrogen production system as in the above-described embodiment, and an off-gas consumption unit for consuming off-gas extracted from the PSA separation apparatus for some purpose.
- the present invention may be applied to a provided system. For example, from a raw material gas containing methane and other component gases, the PSA separation device collects the other component gas as the target gas, and off-gas containing methane is supplied to the off-gas consumption unit via the noffer tank.
- the method of the present invention can be applied significantly even in a system configured to supply gas.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2007800169662A CN101443267B (zh) | 2006-05-11 | 2007-05-07 | 氢制造系统和该系统中的废气流量控制方法 |
US12/300,362 US8298305B2 (en) | 2006-05-11 | 2007-05-07 | Hydrogen production system and method of controlling flow rate of offgas in the system |
EP07742899A EP2022755B1 (en) | 2006-05-11 | 2007-05-07 | Hydrogen production system and method of controlling flow rate of offgas in the system |
KR1020087028819A KR101353476B1 (ko) | 2006-05-11 | 2007-05-07 | 수소 제조 시스템 및 해당 시스템에 있어서의 오프가스의 유량 제어 방법 |
JP2008515495A JP5134532B2 (ja) | 2006-05-11 | 2007-05-07 | 水素製造システムおよび当該システムにおけるオフガスの流量制御方法 |
US13/647,610 US8480770B2 (en) | 2006-05-11 | 2012-10-09 | Hydrogen production system and method of controlling flow rate of offgas in the system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006-132720 | 2006-05-11 | ||
JP2006132720 | 2006-05-11 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/300,362 A-371-Of-International US8298305B2 (en) | 2006-05-11 | 2007-05-07 | Hydrogen production system and method of controlling flow rate of offgas in the system |
US13/647,610 Division US8480770B2 (en) | 2006-05-11 | 2012-10-09 | Hydrogen production system and method of controlling flow rate of offgas in the system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007132692A1 true WO2007132692A1 (ja) | 2007-11-22 |
Family
ID=38693790
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2007/059464 WO2007132692A1 (ja) | 2006-05-11 | 2007-05-07 | 水素製造システムおよび当該システムにおけるオフガスの流量制御方法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US8298305B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2022755B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5134532B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101353476B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101443267B (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200744738A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007132692A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN117839370A (zh) * | 2023-12-26 | 2024-04-09 | 安徽碳鑫科技有限公司 | 一种醋酸甲酯生产废气的回收设备及其使用方法 |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8449649B2 (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2013-05-28 | Idatech, Llc | Systems and methods for starting up pressure swing adsorption assemblies and hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems including the same |
KR20160118795A (ko) * | 2015-04-03 | 2016-10-12 | 에이치앤파워(주) | 연료전지 시스템용 연료 개질기 및 이를 포함하는 연료전지 시스템 |
CA2983924C (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2019-07-30 | Energyield Llc | Vortex tube reformer for hydrogen production, separation, and integrated use |
US9843062B2 (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2017-12-12 | Energyield Llc | Vortex tube reformer for hydrogen production, separation, and integrated use |
KR20160137183A (ko) * | 2015-05-22 | 2016-11-30 | 에이치앤파워(주) | 연료전지용 프록스 반응장치 |
CN105045303B (zh) * | 2015-07-28 | 2017-11-14 | 新疆大全新能源有限公司 | 一种多晶硅生产过程中反应原料流量的控制方法 |
DE102017004326A1 (de) * | 2017-05-04 | 2018-11-08 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verbesserte Verwendung des Restgases einer Druckwechseladsorptionsanlage |
DE102019107440A1 (de) * | 2019-03-22 | 2020-09-24 | Otto-Von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg | Feststoffreaktor, System und Verfahren zur Kohlendioxidabtrennung |
JP7126470B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-27 | 2022-08-26 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | 水素製造装置の運転方法及び水素製造装置 |
CN111346590B (zh) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-10-08 | 上海岚泽能源科技有限公司 | 整体型反应器 |
CN115692785B (zh) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-03-14 | 四川荣创新能动力系统有限公司 | 一种燃料电池稳定供氢装置及缓冲罐压力稳定控制方法 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001010806A (ja) * | 1999-06-21 | 2001-01-16 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | 水素精製用3塔式psa装置におけるオフガスタンクからのオフガス圧力の制御方法 |
JP2002355521A (ja) * | 2001-05-31 | 2002-12-10 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | 4塔式圧力スイング吸着装置におけるオフガス流量制御方法 |
JP2004075485A (ja) * | 2002-08-21 | 2004-03-11 | Tokyo Gas Chemicals Co Ltd | 水素精製用4塔式圧力スイング吸着装置 |
WO2004076030A1 (ja) * | 2003-02-25 | 2004-09-10 | Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd. | オフガス供給方法、および目的ガス精製システム |
WO2006006479A1 (ja) * | 2004-07-12 | 2006-01-19 | Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd. | 水素製造システムおよび改質装置 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002355522A (ja) | 2001-05-31 | 2002-12-10 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | 水素精製用4塔式psa装置におけるオフガスタンクからのオフガス圧力の制御方法 |
JP4271472B2 (ja) * | 2003-03-28 | 2009-06-03 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 水素発生装置および水素発生装置の運転方法 |
JP3867082B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-09 | 2007-01-10 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 家庭用燃料ガス製造装置の停止方法 |
JP4167997B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-24 | 2008-10-22 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料ガス製造装置及びその始動方法 |
-
2007
- 2007-05-07 WO PCT/JP2007/059464 patent/WO2007132692A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2007-05-07 KR KR1020087028819A patent/KR101353476B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2007-05-07 JP JP2008515495A patent/JP5134532B2/ja active Active
- 2007-05-07 US US12/300,362 patent/US8298305B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-05-07 CN CN2007800169662A patent/CN101443267B/zh active Active
- 2007-05-07 EP EP07742899A patent/EP2022755B1/en active Active
- 2007-05-09 TW TW096116476A patent/TW200744738A/zh unknown
-
2012
- 2012-10-09 US US13/647,610 patent/US8480770B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001010806A (ja) * | 1999-06-21 | 2001-01-16 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | 水素精製用3塔式psa装置におけるオフガスタンクからのオフガス圧力の制御方法 |
JP2002355521A (ja) * | 2001-05-31 | 2002-12-10 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | 4塔式圧力スイング吸着装置におけるオフガス流量制御方法 |
JP2004075485A (ja) * | 2002-08-21 | 2004-03-11 | Tokyo Gas Chemicals Co Ltd | 水素精製用4塔式圧力スイング吸着装置 |
WO2004076030A1 (ja) * | 2003-02-25 | 2004-09-10 | Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd. | オフガス供給方法、および目的ガス精製システム |
WO2006006479A1 (ja) * | 2004-07-12 | 2006-01-19 | Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd. | 水素製造システムおよび改質装置 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN117839370A (zh) * | 2023-12-26 | 2024-04-09 | 安徽碳鑫科技有限公司 | 一种醋酸甲酯生产废气的回收设备及其使用方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2022755A4 (en) | 2011-03-30 |
CN101443267B (zh) | 2011-05-11 |
EP2022755B1 (en) | 2012-08-22 |
US20130139684A1 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
JPWO2007132692A1 (ja) | 2009-09-24 |
CN101443267A (zh) | 2009-05-27 |
US20090104084A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
US8480770B2 (en) | 2013-07-09 |
KR20090009261A (ko) | 2009-01-22 |
JP5134532B2 (ja) | 2013-01-30 |
TW200744738A (en) | 2007-12-16 |
KR101353476B1 (ko) | 2014-01-20 |
TWI374049B (ja) | 2012-10-11 |
EP2022755A1 (en) | 2009-02-11 |
US8298305B2 (en) | 2012-10-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5134532B2 (ja) | 水素製造システムおよび当該システムにおけるオフガスの流量制御方法 | |
JP5225684B2 (ja) | 水素製造装置の圧縮機用モーターの速度を制御する方法 | |
US7988751B2 (en) | Method for producing hydrogen | |
US10597293B2 (en) | Operation method for hydrogen production apparatus, and hydrogen production apparatus | |
US7763085B2 (en) | Apparatus for producing hydrogen | |
JP2008524106A (ja) | 水素を製造する装置及び方法 | |
JP2008525301A (ja) | 圧力スイング吸着放出制御を介した加熱アセンブリ動作調整システム及び方法 | |
WO2002047191A2 (en) | Process for air enrichment in producing hydrogen for use with fuel cells | |
JP5199076B2 (ja) | 水素製造におけるドレン水の処理方法および水素製造システム | |
JPH06191801A (ja) | 水素製造方法 | |
JP6755964B2 (ja) | 不活性吸着床及び活性吸着床を組み合わせた燃料電池システム | |
JP4041085B2 (ja) | 燃料ガス製造システム及びその停止方法 | |
JP7122042B1 (ja) | パージ方法およびシステム | |
JP2020079175A (ja) | 水素製造装置 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
DPE2 | Request for preliminary examination filed before expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 07742899 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2008515495 Country of ref document: JP Ref document number: 200780016966.2 Country of ref document: CN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 12300362 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2007742899 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1020087028819 Country of ref document: KR |