WO2007116442A1 - 半導体装置及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007116442A1 WO2007116442A1 PCT/JP2006/306654 JP2006306654W WO2007116442A1 WO 2007116442 A1 WO2007116442 A1 WO 2007116442A1 JP 2006306654 W JP2006306654 W JP 2006306654W WO 2007116442 A1 WO2007116442 A1 WO 2007116442A1
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- film
- dielectric film
- semiconductor device
- ferroelectric
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 59
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 103
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 76
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 50
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 44
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 39
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 39
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 36
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 34
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 32
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000004151 rapid thermal annealing Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910018182 Al—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910004121 SrRuO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002547 anomalous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004380 ashing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005621 ferroelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011964 heteropoly acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- VRIVJOXICYMTAG-IYEMJOQQSA-L iron(ii) gluconate Chemical compound [Fe+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O VRIVJOXICYMTAG-IYEMJOQQSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001552 radio frequency sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005546 reactive sputtering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L28/00—Passive two-terminal components without a potential-jump or surface barrier for integrated circuits; Details thereof; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L28/40—Capacitors
- H01L28/60—Electrodes
- H01L28/65—Electrodes comprising a noble metal or a noble metal oxide, e.g. platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), ruthenium dioxide (RuO2), iridium (Ir), iridium dioxide (IrO2)
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L28/00—Passive two-terminal components without a potential-jump or surface barrier for integrated circuits; Details thereof; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L28/40—Capacitors
- H01L28/55—Capacitors with a dielectric comprising a perovskite structure material
- H01L28/56—Capacitors with a dielectric comprising a perovskite structure material the dielectric comprising two or more layers, e.g. comprising buffer layers, seed layers, gradient layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B53/00—Ferroelectric RAM [FeRAM] devices comprising ferroelectric memory capacitors
- H10B53/30—Ferroelectric RAM [FeRAM] devices comprising ferroelectric memory capacitors characterised by the memory core region
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B53/00—Ferroelectric RAM [FeRAM] devices comprising ferroelectric memory capacitors
- H10B53/40—Ferroelectric RAM [FeRAM] devices comprising ferroelectric memory capacitors characterised by the peripheral circuit region
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device having a capacitor structure in which a capacitor film made of a dielectric material is sandwiched between a lower electrode and an upper electrode, and in particular, a ferroelectric film in which the capacitor film has a ferroelectric material force. It is suitable for application to a body capacitor structure.
- Ferroelectric memory FeRAM: Ferro-electric Random Access Memory
- FeRAM Ferro-electric Random Access Memory
- Ferroelectric memory is a non-volatile memory that does not lose stored information even when the power is turned off, and is especially attracting attention because it can be expected to achieve high integration, high speed drive, high durability, and low power consumption. ing.
- the structure of a capacitor used in an FeRAM memory cell uses, for example, an SBT film or a PZT film as a ferroelectric film. It has a structure in which the film is sandwiched between the lower electrode and the upper electrode.
- a platinum film is used as the lower electrode, and a platinum film, an iridium oxide film, or the like is used as the upper electrode.
- a protective film having a capacitor structure is formed in addition to a process for completely crystallizing the ferroelectric film.
- a method is disclosed in which no high-temperature heat treatment is performed before the process. Specifically, a capacitor film is first formed using PZT, which is a ferroelectric substance, and then crystallized by an RTA (Rapid Thermal Annealing) method. Subsequently, an upper electrode is formed using IrO (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) as a material, and further, an RTA method is performed to completely crystallize the capacitor film, and at the same time, the iridium (Ir) of the upper electrode is transferred into the PZT. Spread. According to this method, mutual diffusion between the electrode and the ferroelectric film and separation of constituent elements of the ferroelectric film can be prevented.
- Patent Document 2 in order to improve the crystallinity of a ferroelectric film having a stacked capacitor structure, after forming a lower electrode by stacking an iridium film and an iridium oxide film, the first PZT A method of forming a film and further forming a second PZT film thicker than the first PZT film is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method of adding a heteropolyacid to a coating solution of an organometallic compound such as SBT or PZT in order to form a ferroelectric film that promotes crystallization at a low temperature of 650 ° C or lower. It is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-183841
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-68991
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-128419
- Patent Document 1 As specifically specified in Patent Document 1, in the conventional FeRAM manufacturing method, after forming the upper electrode with IrO (0 ⁇ x 2) force on the capacitor film also having ferroelectric material force, the process is completed. A technique has been proposed in which iridium is diffused into the capacitor film by carrying out a sealing treatment.
- the reversal electrification of the capacitor structure increases, and the leakage current slightly increases.
- iridium does not bond to the ferroelectric crystal grains, it accumulates at the crystal grain boundaries, forms a leak path, and the capacitor leakage current increases rapidly.
- the interface portion (no ferroelectricity) between the upper electrode and the capacitor film becomes thicker, the inversion charge amount is reduced, and the coercive electric field is increased.
- iridium fills the crystal defects and the leakage current increases drastically. As a result, there is a problem that the yield of FeRAM is significantly reduced.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and can improve the inversion electrification amount of the capacitor structure, but can ensure a high yield without increasing the leakage current.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device and a manufacturing method thereof.
- a semiconductor device of the present invention includes a semiconductor substrate and a capacitor structure formed above the semiconductor substrate and having a capacitor film having a dielectric material force sandwiched between a lower electrode and an upper electrode.
- the capacitor film contains iridium inside and has an iridium concentration distribution in which the iridium concentration decreases as it moves from the upper layer region to the lower layer region. To do.
- the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device having a capacitor structure in which a capacitor film having a dielectric material force is sandwiched between a lower electrode and an upper electrode above a semiconductor substrate.
- a step of forming a lower electrode layer, a step of forming a first dielectric film on the lower electrode layer, and an inner surface of the first dielectric film are formed.
- the dielectric film, the first dielectric film, and the bottom And a conductive electrode layer by processing each include a step of forming the capacitor structure.
- a method of forming the capacitor structure includes: forming a lower electrode layer; forming an amorphous dielectric film on the lower electrode layer; and forming a dielectric film on the dielectric film in an oxidizing atmosphere. Performing the heat treatment of 1 to crystallize the dielectric film, forming an upper electrode layer containing iridium on the dielectric film, and forming a second electrode layer on the upper electrode layer in an oxidizing atmosphere. The step of diffusing iridium in the upper electrode layer into the dielectric film, and processing the upper electrode layer, the dielectric film, and the lower electrode layer, respectively, Forming a structure.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the first embodiment together with its manufacturing method in the order of steps.
- FIG. 1B shows the structure of the FeRAM according to the first embodiment along with its manufacturing method in the order of processes. It is a schematic sectional drawing shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the first embodiment in the order of steps together with its manufacturing method.
- FIG. 1D is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the first embodiment along with its manufacturing method in the order of steps.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the first embodiment in the order of steps together with the manufacturing method thereof.
- FIG. 2B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the first embodiment in the order of processes together with the manufacturing method thereof.
- FIG. 2C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the first embodiment along with its manufacturing method in the order of steps.
- FIG. 2D is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the first embodiment along with its manufacturing method in the order of steps.
- FIG. 3A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the FeRAM according to the first embodiment in the order of steps together with the manufacturing method thereof.
- FIG. 3B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the first embodiment in the order of processes together with the manufacturing method thereof.
- FIG. 3C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the first embodiment along with its manufacturing method in the order of steps.
- FIG. 4A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the first embodiment in the order of steps together with its manufacturing method.
- FIG. 4B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the first embodiment in the order of processes together with the manufacturing method thereof.
- FIG. 4C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the first embodiment along with its manufacturing method in the order of steps.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the first embodiment in the order of steps together with its manufacturing method.
- FIG. 5B shows the structure of the FeRAM according to the first embodiment along with its manufacturing method. It is a schematic sectional drawing shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a capacitor configuration of the FeRAM according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the second embodiment along with its manufacturing method in the order of steps.
- FIG. 7B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the FeRAM according to the second embodiment in the order of processes together with the manufacturing method thereof.
- FIG. 7C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the second embodiment in the order of steps together with its manufacturing method.
- FIG. 7D is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the second embodiment in the order of steps together with its manufacturing method.
- FIG. 8A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the second embodiment along with its manufacturing method in the order of steps.
- FIG. 8B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the second embodiment in the order of processes together with the manufacturing method thereof.
- FIG. 8C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the second embodiment in the order of steps together with its manufacturing method.
- FIG. 8D is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the second embodiment in the order of steps together with its manufacturing method.
- FIG. 9A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the second embodiment along with its manufacturing method in the order of steps.
- FIG. 9B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the second embodiment in the order of processes together with the manufacturing method thereof.
- FIG. 9C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the second embodiment in the order of steps together with the manufacturing method thereof.
- FIG. 10A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the second embodiment in the order of processes together with its manufacturing method.
- FIG. 10B shows the structure of the FeRAM according to the second embodiment together with its manufacturing method. It is a schematic sectional drawing shown in order.
- FIG. 11A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the second embodiment together with its manufacturing method in the order of steps.
- FIG. 11B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the FeRAM according to the second embodiment in the order of processes together with its manufacturing method.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a FeRAM capacitor configuration according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 13A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing only a component corresponding to FIG. 1D as the main configuration of Example 1 according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 13B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing only a component corresponding to FIG. 1D as the main configuration of Example 2 according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 13C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing only a component corresponding to FIG. 1D as the main configuration of Example 3 according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 14A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing only a component corresponding to FIG. 1D as the main configuration of Example 4 according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 14B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing only a component corresponding to FIG. 1D as the main configuration of Example 5 according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 14C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing only a component corresponding to FIG. 1D as the main configuration of Example 6 according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a characteristic diagram showing the results of examining the dependence of the PZT (111) orientation intensity peak on the X-ray incident energy.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a capacitor configuration of FeRAM of Example 6 according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 17A is a cross-sectional photograph showing a state after a PZT film having a thickness of 140 nm formed on a lower electrode layer made of Pt is subjected to a heat treatment at 553 ° C. for 90 seconds by the RTA method. is there.
- FIG. 17B is a cross-sectional photograph showing a state after a PZT film having a thickness of 140 nm formed on the lower electrode layer made of Pt is subjected to heat treatment at 573 ° C. for 90 seconds by the RTA method. is there.
- FIG. 18A shows the effect on the cross-sectional view of the capacitor due to the temperature of each heat treatment. It is a schematic sectional drawing.
- FIG. 18B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the effect on the cross-sectional view of the capacitor due to the temperature of each heat treatment.
- FIG. 18C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the effect on the cross-sectional view of the capacitor due to the temperature of each heat treatment.
- FIG. 19A is a characteristic diagram showing the results of measuring the crystallinity of the heat-treated CSPLZT film.
- FIG. 19B is a characteristic diagram showing the results of measuring the crystallinity of the heat-treated CSPLZT film.
- FIG. 20A is a characteristic diagram showing the results of measuring the crystallinity of a heat-treated CSPLZT film.
- FIG. 20B is a characteristic diagram showing the results of measuring the crystallinity of the heat-treated CSPLZT film.
- FIG. 21A is a characteristic diagram showing the influence of the heat treatment temperature on the crystallinity of the CSPLZT film when the CSPLZT film thickness is 120 nm.
- FIG. 21B is a characteristic diagram showing the influence of the heat treatment temperature on the crystallinity of the CSPLZT film when the CSPLZT film thickness is 120 nm.
- FIG. 22A is a characteristic diagram showing the results of measuring the inversion charge amount QSW with an applied voltage of 3.OV.
- FIG. 22B is a characteristic diagram showing the results of measuring the inversion charge amount QSW with an applied voltage of 3.OV.
- FIG. 23A is a characteristic diagram showing the dependence of the applied voltage on the cell capacitor.
- FIG. 23B is a characteristic diagram showing a coercive voltage Vc of polarization reversal in the cell capacitor.
- FIG. 24A is a characteristic diagram showing a result of measuring a leakage current of a ferroelectric capacitor structure (discrete and cell array).
- FIG. 24B shows the leakage of a ferroelectric capacitor structure (discrete and cell array). It is a characteristic view which shows the result of having measured the electric current.
- FIG. 25A is a characteristic diagram showing measurement results of yield in a ferroelectric capacitor structure (1T1C type cell array).
- FIG. 25B is a characteristic diagram showing yield measurement results in the ferroelectric capacitor structure (1T1C type cell array).
- FIG. 26 is a characteristic diagram showing the results of RET failure (SS & OS) in PT yield.
- FIG. 1A to FIG. 5B are schematic cross-sectional views showing the configuration of the FeRAM according to the first embodiment in the order of processes together with its manufacturing method.
- a MOS transistor 20 that functions as a selection transistor is formed on a silicon semiconductor substrate 10.
- the element isolation structure 11 is formed on the surface layer of the silicon semiconductor substrate 10 by, for example, STI (Shallow Trench Isolation) method to determine the element active region.
- STI Shallow Trench Isolation
- an impurity here B, for example, is ion-implanted into the element active region under the conditions of a dose of 3.0 ⁇ 10 13 / cm 2 and an acceleration energy of 300 keV to form the wall 12.
- a silicon nitride film having a thickness of about 29 nm is deposited, and the silicon nitride film, the polycrystalline silicon film, and the gate insulating film 13 are subjected to lithography and subsequent dry etching.
- the gate electrode 14 is patterned on the gate insulating film 13 by processing into a polar shape.
- a cap film 15 made of a silicon nitride film is patterned on the gate electrode 14.
- an impurity for example, As in this case, is ion-implanted into the device active region under the conditions of a dose amount of 5.
- LDD region 16 is formed.
- a silicon oxide film is deposited on the entire surface by a CVD method, and this silicon oxide film is so-called etched back, so that the silicon oxide film is formed only on the side surfaces of the gate electrode 14 and the cap film 15.
- a sidewall insulating film 17 is formed leaving the film.
- an impurity that is, P in this case, is ion-implanted under the condition that the impurity concentration is higher than the LDD region 16 and
- a source Z drain region 18 that overlaps the DD region 16 is formed to complete the MOS transistor 20.
- a protective film 21 and an interlayer insulating film 22a of the MOS transistor 20 are sequentially formed.
- a protective film 21 and an interlayer insulating film 22a are sequentially deposited so as to cover the MOS transistor 20.
- the protective film 21 a silicon oxide film is used as a material, and is deposited to a film thickness of about 20 nm by a CVD method.
- the interlayer insulating film 22a for example, a laminated structure in which a plasma SiO film (film thickness of about 20 nm), a plasma SiN film (film thickness of about 80 nm) and a plasma TEOS film (film thickness of about 1 OOOnm) are sequentially formed. After stacking, polishing is performed by CMP until the film thickness reaches about 700 nm.
- an interlayer insulating film 22b and a protective film 23 are sequentially formed.
- 1C and subsequent figures for convenience of illustration, only the structure above the interlayer insulating film 22a is shown, and illustration of the silicon semiconductor substrate 10, the MOS transistor 20, and the like is omitted.
- a silicon oxide film is deposited to a thickness of about lOOnm on the interlayer insulating film 22a by, for example, a plasma CVD method using TEOS to form the interlayer insulating film 22b. Thereafter, the interlayer insulating film 22b is annealed.
- the condition for this annealing treatment is N gas
- a protective film 23 is formed on the interlayer insulating film 22b to function as an adhesion film of a ferroelectric capacitor structure, which will be described later, and to prevent hydrogen / water from entering the ferroelectric film.
- alumina Al 2 O 3
- the film thickness is 20 ⁇ by sputtering.
- Deposition is about m to 50 nm.
- the protective film 23 instead of alumina, a film of aluminum nitride, oxide tantalum, titanium oxide, oxide zirconium or the like, or a laminated structure thereof may be used. Thereafter, in order to improve the crystallinity of the lower electrode of the ferroelectric capacitor structure, the protective film 23 is annealed. The condition for this annealing treatment is 2 O gas.
- a lower electrode layer 24, a ferroelectric film 25, and an upper electrode layer 26 are sequentially formed.
- the film thickness is 150 ⁇ !
- a Pt film is deposited to about ⁇ 200 nm, here about 150 nm, and the lower electrode layer 24 is formed.
- the material of the lower electrode layer 24 is Ir, Ru, Rh, Re, Os, Pd, oxides thereof, SrRuO, other conductive oxides, and their laminated structures instead of Pt.
- a first ferroelectric film 25a is formed on the entire surface of the lower electrode layer 24 by, eg, sputtering.
- Ferroelectric material of at least one selected from Sr, Ca, Na, K, and rare earth elements, and at least one selected from B Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Cr)
- the film thickness is about 70 nm to 250 nm, here, about 120 nm. Note that the force of multiple A atoms in a unit of perovskite structure is not necessarily the same in each unit, and the same is true for B atoms.
- the material of the first ferroelectric film 25a PZT, PLZT, BLT, SBT, and Bi doped with at least one selected from La, Ca, Sr, and Si are used instead of PZT.
- Layered structure for example, (Bi R) Ti O (R is a rare earth element: 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), SrBi Ta O, and SrBi Ti l -xx 3 12 2 2 9 4 You may use 1 type selected from the 1 type selected from the power of O.
- high dielectric materials such as Zr oxide and Pb-based materials may be deposited.
- an amorphous second ferroelectric film 25b is formed on the entire surface of the first ferroelectric film 25a by, eg, sputtering.
- a ferroelectric material of at least one selected from Ca, Na, K, and rare earth elements, and at least one selected from B Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Cr),
- B Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Cr
- PZT is used as a material, and the film thickness is about 1 nm to 30 nm, here about 20 nm. Note that the force of multiple A atoms in one unit of perovskite structure is not necessarily the same in each unit, and the same is true for B atoms.
- the film thickness of the ferroelectric film 25b is too large, the switching charge amount of the capacitor structure tends to decrease. Therefore, 30 nm or less is desirable, and is about 20 nm here.
- the content of Ir element is preferably about 0.01 to 3.0%. When the content of Ir element increases, it is accumulated at the crystal grain boundary in the second ferroelectric film 25b by the subsequent heat treatment, and a leak path of the capacitor structure is formed.
- the second ferroelectric film 25b doped with Ir instead of PZT, at least one selected from La, Ca, Sr, and S is doped, PLZT, BLT, SBT, and Bi layered structure (for example, (Bi R) Ti O (R is rare earth element: 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1), SrBi Ta O, l -xx 3 12 2 2 9 and SrBi Ti O 1 type selected from the above) may be used.
- Bi R Ti O (R is rare earth element: 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1), SrBi Ta O, l -xx 3 12 2 2 9 and SrBi Ti O 1 type selected from the above
- This dielectric material has an ABO perovskite structure as a unit.
- the second ferroelectric film 25b is heat treated.
- RTA Rapid Thermal
- Annealing is performed in an oxidizing atmosphere, here an atmosphere containing oxygen (mixed atmosphere of inert gas and oxygen).
- the heat treatment temperature is 550 ° C. to 800 ° C., for example, 580 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is 30 seconds to 120 seconds, here 60 seconds in an atmosphere of oxygen at a flow rate of 50 sccm and Ar at a flow rate of 2000 sccm.
- Appropriate heat treatment temperature dependss on the type of ferroelectric material.
- the heat treatment temperature of PZT or PZT to which trace amounts are added is preferably 600 ° C or less, BLT is 700 ° C or less, and SBT is 800 ° C or less.
- the second ferroelectric film 25b is crystallized, and Ir in the second ferroelectric film 25b is converted to the A site or B of the crystal grains in the first ferroelectric film 25a. Join the site.
- a ferroelectric film 25 serving as a capacitor film is formed by the first ferroelectric film 25a and the second ferroelectric film 25b.
- the film thickness is ⁇ !
- ⁇ lOOnm By sputtering or MOCVD, for example. ⁇ lOOnm, here, about 50nm IrO film (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) 26a and IrO film (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2) 26b about 100nm to 300nm thick are sequentially deposited, and the upper electrode layer 26 is Form. At this time
- the oxygen composition ratio Y of the IrO film 26b is
- the oxygen composition ratio X of the IrO film 26a should be higher.
- the problem that the ferroelectric film that does not produce a catalytic action on hydrogen is reduced by hydrogen radicals is suppressed, and the hydrogen resistance of the capacitor structure is reduced. improves.
- conductive materials such as Ir, Ru, Rh, Re, Os, Pd, these oxides, and SrRuO are used.
- An oxide or a laminated structure thereof may be used.
- the upper electrode 31 is patterned.
- the upper electrode layer 26 is processed into a plurality of electrode shapes by lithography and subsequent dry etching to form the upper electrode 31 as a pattern.
- the ferroelectric film 25 is processed.
- the ferroelectric film 25 is aligned with the upper electrode 31 and processed by lithography and subsequent dry etching. After the patterning of the ferroelectric film 25, the ferroelectric film 25 is annealed to restore the function of the ferroelectric film 25.
- a protective film 27 is formed to prevent the hydrogen 'water from entering the ferroelectric film 25.
- a protective film 27 is formed on the lower electrode layer 24 so as to cover the ferroelectric film 25 and the upper electrode 31 by depositing aluminum (Al 2 O 3) to a thickness of about 50 nm by sputtering. To do. Thereafter, the protective film 27 is annealed.
- the lower electrode layer 24 is processed together with the protective film 27 to complete the ferroelectric capacitor structure 30.
- lithography and subsequent steps are performed so that the protective film 27 and the lower electrode layer 24 are aligned with the processed ferroelectric film 25 so that the lower electrode layer 24 remains larger than the ferroelectric film 25.
- the lower electrode 32 is patterned by processing by dry etching.
- the ferroelectric film 25 and the upper electrode 31 are sequentially stacked on the lower electrode 32, and the ferroelectric capacitor structure 30 in which the lower electrode 32 and the upper electrode 31 are capacitively coupled via the ferroelectric film 25.
- the protective film 27 remains so as to cover from the upper surface of the upper electrode 31 to the side surfaces of the upper electrode 31 and the ferroelectric film 25 and the upper surface of the lower electrode layer 24. Thereafter, the protective film 27 is annealed.
- the ferroelectric film 25 contains iridium inside, and the iridium concentration decreases as the force from the upper layer region toward the lower layer region increases. Have a distribution.
- the upper layer region of the ferroelectric film 25, that is, the portion of the second ferroelectric film 25b has a uniform high iridium concentration and the lower layer region of the ferroelectric film 25. That is, an iridium concentration distribution is formed in which the portion of the first ferroelectric film 25a has a lower iridium concentration as it is directed downward.
- a protective film 28 is formed.
- alumina Al 2 O 3
- Al 2 O 3 alumina
- a protective film 28 is formed by depositing to a thickness of about 20 nm to 50 nm by a sputtering method. Thereafter, the protective film 28 is annealed.
- an interlayer insulating film 33 is formed.
- the interlayer insulating film 33 is formed so as to cover the ferroelectric capacitor structure 30 via the protective films 27 and 28.
- a silicon oxide film is formed to a thickness of 1500 ⁇ by, for example, a plasma CVD method using TEOS! After depositing to about 2500 nm, it is formed by CMP, for example, until the film thickness reaches about lOOOnm. After CMP, for example, NO plasma annealing is performed for the purpose of dehydrating the interlayer insulating film 33. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 3C, a plug 36 connected to the source Z drain region 18 of the transistor structure 20 is formed.
- the interlayer insulating film 33, the protective films 28 and 27, the interlayer insulating films 22b and 22a is processed by lithography and subsequent dry etching to form a via hole 36a having a diameter of about 0.3 m, for example.
- a Ti film and a TiN film are sequentially deposited to a film thickness of about 20 nm and a film thickness of about 50 nm by a sputtering method so as to cover the wall surface of the via hole 36a, and a base film (glue film) 36b is formed.
- a W film is formed by the CVD method so as to fill the via hole 36a through the glue film 36b.
- the W film and the glue film 36b are polished by CMP using the interlayer insulating film 33 as a stopper to form a plug 36 filling the via hole 36a with W via the glue film 36b.
- CMP for example, N 2 plasma annealing is performed.
- a silicon nitride film is deposited on the interlayer insulating film 33 to a thickness of about lOOnm by a CVD method, and a hard mask 37 is formed.
- a resist is applied on the hard mask 37, and the resist is processed by lithography to form a resist mask 38 having openings 38a and 38b.
- the hard mask 37 is dry-etched using the resist mask 38, and openings 37a and 37b are formed at portions matching the openings 38a and 38b of the hard mask 37.
- the interlayer insulating film 33 and the protective films 28 and 27 are dry-etched using the upper electrode 31 and the lower electrode 32 as etch dustpers, respectively.
- the interlayer insulating film 33 and the protective films 28 and 27 are processed until a part of the surface of the upper electrode 31 is exposed, and the interlayer insulating film 33 and the protective film are protected until a part of the surface of the lower electrode 32 is exposed.
- the processing applied to the films 28 and 27 is performed at the same time, and via holes 34a and 35a having a diameter of about 0.5 m, for example, are simultaneously formed at the respective portions.
- the remaining resist mask 38 is removed by ashing or the like. afterwards, Annealing treatment for recovering the damage received by the ferroelectric capacitor structure 30 is performed by various processes after the formation of the ferroelectric capacitor structure 30. Then, the hard mask 37 is removed by whole surface anisotropic etching, so-called etch back.
- plugs 34 and 35 connected to the ferroelectric capacitor structure 30 are formed.
- the via holes 34a and 35a are embedded through the glue films 34b and 35b by the CVD method.
- a W film is formed.
- the W film and the glue films 34b and 35b are polished by CMP using the interlayer insulating film 33 as a stopper to form plugs 34 and 35 that fill the via holes 34a and 35a with W via the glue films 34b and 35b.
- CMP for example N O plasm
- first wirings 45 connected to the plugs 34, 35, 36 are formed.
- the barrier metal film 42, the wiring film 43, and the barrier metal film 44 are deposited on the entire surface of the interlayer insulating film 33 by sputtering or the like.
- the noria metal film 42 for example, a Ti film with a thickness of about 5 nm and a TiN film with a thickness of about 150 nm are formed by sputtering.
- the wiring film 43 for example, an A1 alloy film (here, Al—Cu film) is formed to a thickness of about 350 nm.
- the noria metal film 44 for example, a Ti film with a thickness of about 5 nm and a TiN film with a thickness of about 150 nm are formed by sputtering.
- the structure of the wiring film 43 is the same as that of the logic part other than the same rule of FeRAM, there is no problem in wiring processing or reliability.
- the antireflection film, the noria metal film 44, the wiring film 43, and the barrier metal film 42 are formed by lithography and subsequent dry etching.
- the first wiring 45 connected to the plugs 34, 35, and 36 is patterned.
- a Cu film (or Cu alloy film) may be formed by using a so-called damascene method or the like, and a Cu wiring may be formed as the first wiring 45. .
- a second wiring 54 connected to the first wiring 45 is formed.
- an interlayer insulating film 46 is formed so as to cover the first wiring 45.
- a silicon oxide film is formed to a thickness of about 7 OOnm
- a plasma TEOS film is formed to a total thickness of about lOOm, and then the surface is polished by CMP.
- the film thickness is about 750 nm.
- the interlayer insulating film 46 is processed by lithography and subsequent dry etching until a part of the surface of the first wiring 45 is exposed to form a via hole 47a having a diameter of about 0.25 m, for example.
- a W film is formed by the CVD method so as to fill the via hole 47a through the glue film 48. Then, for example, the W film and the glue film 48 are polished using the interlayer insulating film 46 as a stopper to form a plug 47 that fills the via hole 47a with W via the glue film 48.
- a barrier metal film 51, a wiring film 52, and a barrier metal film 53 are deposited on the entire surface by sputtering or the like.
- the noria metal film 51 for example, a Ti film with a thickness of about 5 nm and a TiN film with a thickness of about 150 nm are stacked by sputtering.
- the wiring film 52 for example, an A1 alloy film (here, Al—Cu film) is formed to a thickness of about 350 nm.
- the noria metal film 53 for example, a Ti film with a film thickness of about 5 nm and a TiN film with a film thickness of about 150 nm are formed by sputtering.
- the structure of the wiring film 52 is the same as that of the logic part other than FeRAM of the same rule, there is no problem in wiring processing and reliability.
- the antireflection film, the barrier metal film 53, the wiring film 52, and the barrier metal film are formed by lithography and subsequent dry etching.
- 51 is processed into a wiring shape, and the second wiring 54 is patterned.
- a Cu film (or Cu alloy film) may be formed by using a so-called damascene method or the like, and a Cu wiring may be formed as the second wiring 54.
- planar type FeRAM according to the present embodiment is completed through various processes such as the formation of the upper layer wiring and the interlayer insulating film. [0055] As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to secure a high yield without increasing the leakage current, although the amount of inversion of the ferroelectric capacitor structure 30 is improved. Highly reliable! Planar type FeRAM can be realized.
- This embodiment exemplifies a so-called stack type FeRAM in which the conduction of the lower electrode of the ferroelectric capacitor structure is taken below the ferroelectric capacitor structure and the conduction of the upper electrode is taken above the ferroelectric capacitor structure. .
- stack type FeRAM in which the conduction of the lower electrode of the ferroelectric capacitor structure is taken below the ferroelectric capacitor structure and the conduction of the upper electrode is taken above the ferroelectric capacitor structure.
- FIG. 7A to FIG. 11B are schematic cross-sectional views showing the configuration of the FeRAM according to the second embodiment in the order of processes together with its manufacturing method.
- a MOS transistor 120 that functions as a selection transistor is formed on a silicon semiconductor substrate 110.
- the element isolation structure 111 is formed on the surface layer of the silicon semiconductor substrate 110 by, for example, the STI (Shallow Trench Isolation) method to determine the element active region.
- the STI Shallow Trench Isolation
- an impurity here B
- an impurity here B
- a dose amount of 3.0 ⁇ 10 13 / cm 2 and an acceleration energy of 300 keV is ion-implanted into the element active region under the conditions of a dose amount of 3.0 ⁇ 10 13 / cm 2 and an acceleration energy of 300 keV to form the well 212.
- a silicon nitride film having a thickness of about 29 nm is deposited, and the silicon nitride film, the polycrystalline silicon film, and the gate insulating film 113 are processed into an electrode shape by lithography and subsequent dry etching, thereby forming a gate on the gate insulating film 113.
- the electrode 114 is patterned.
- a cap film 115 made of a silicon nitride film is patterned on the gate electrode 114.
- an impurity for example, As in this case, is ion-implanted into the element active region under the conditions of a dose amount of 5.
- a silicon oxide film is deposited on the entire surface by a CVD method, and this silicon oxide film is so-called etched back, so that only the side surfaces of the gate electrode 114 and the cap film 115 are formed. Then, the sidewall insulating film 117 is formed leaving the silicon oxide film.
- an impurity here P
- P an impurity
- a source Z drain region 118 is formed to complete the MOS transistor 120.
- a protective film 121, an interlayer insulating film 122, and an upper insulating film 123 of the MOS transistor 120 are sequentially formed.
- a protective film 121, an interlayer insulating film 122, and an upper insulating film 123a are sequentially formed so as to cover the MOS transistor 120.
- the protective film 121 a silicon oxide film is used as a material, and is deposited to a film thickness of about 20 nm by a CVD method.
- the interlayer insulating film 122 for example, a stacked structure in which a plasma SiO film (film thickness of about 20 nm), a plasma SiN film (film thickness of about 80 nm), and a plasma TEOS film (film thickness of about lOOOnm) are sequentially formed is formed. After that, polishing is performed by CMP until the film thickness reaches about 700 nm.
- the upper insulating film 123a a silicon nitride film is used as a material, and is deposited to a thickness of about lOOnm by a CVD method.
- a plug 119 connected to the source Z drain region 118 of the transistor structure 120 is formed.
- the upper insulating film 123a, the interlayer insulating film 122, and the protective film 121 are subjected to lithography and etching until a part of the surface of the source Z drain region 118 is exposed. Subsequent dry etching is performed to form a via hole 119a having a diameter of about 0.3 ⁇ m, for example.
- a Ti film and a TiN film are sequentially deposited to a thickness of about 20 nm and a thickness of about 50 nm by a sputtering method so as to cover the wall surface of the via hole 119a, and a base film (glue film) 119b is formed.
- a W film is formed by the CVD method so as to fill the via hole 119a through the glue film 119b.
- the W film and the glue film 119b are polished by CMP using the upper insulating film 123a as a stopper to form a plug 119 that fills the via hole 119a with W via the glue film 119b.
- plasma annealing of NO after CMP Apply for example, plasma annealing of NO after CMP Apply.
- an orientation improving film 123b, an oxygen noria film 123c, a lower electrode layer 124, a ferroelectric film 125, and an upper electrode layer 126 are sequentially formed.
- Ti is deposited to a thickness of about 20 nm, and then subjected to a rapid annealing (RTA) process at 650 ° C in an N atmosphere.
- RTA rapid annealing
- Ti is nitrided to TiN, and the conductive orientation improving film 123b is formed.
- a 2.6 kW sputtering DC capacity is applied for 7 seconds at a substrate temperature of 20 ° C in an Ar atmosphere of 0.15 Pa.
- a Ti film having a strong Ti (002) orientation can be obtained.
- This Ti film is then heat-treated at 650 ° C for 60 seconds in a nitrogen atmosphere using the RTA method to obtain a (111) -oriented TiN film.
- TiAIN is deposited to a thickness of about lOOnm to form a conductive oxygen noria film 123c.
- TiAIN is formed to a thickness of lOOnm with a sputtering power of OkW.
- an Ir film is deposited to a thickness of, for example, about lOOnm by a sputtering method, and a lower electrode layer 124 is formed.
- an Ir film is formed in an Ar atmosphere at a substrate temperature of 500 ° C. under a pressure of 0.1 lPa and a sputtering power of 0.5 kW.
- the lower electrode layer 124 is made of a platinum group metal such as Pt or a conductive oxide such as PtO, IrOx, or SrRuO instead of the Ir film.
- the first ferroelectric film 25 a is formed on the entire surface of the lower electrode layer 124 by, eg, MOCVD.
- a dielectric material for example PZ T, is used as a film thickness of 70 ⁇ ! ⁇ 250 nm, here, about 120 nm. Na The force of multiple A atoms in one unit of perovskite structure is not always the same in each unit, and the same is true for B atoms.
- MOCVD MOCVD
- DPM Pb
- Zr Zr
- Ti (0—iOr)
- liquid raw materials are supplied to the vaporizer of the MOCVD apparatus together with THF solvent at a flow rate of 0.474 ml / min at flow rates of 0.326 ml / min, 0.200 ml / min, and 0.200 mlZ, respectively.
- THF solvent a flow rate of 0.474 ml / min at flow rates of 0.326 ml / min, 0.200 ml / min, and 0.200 mlZ, respectively.
- Pb, Zr, and Ti source gases are formed.
- a substrate temperature of 620 ° C is maintained under a pressure of 665 Pa (5 Torr), and the Pb, Zr, and Ti source gases formed in this manner are supplied into the MOCVD apparatus. On the other hand, let it act for 620 seconds. As a result, a desired PZT film is formed on the lower electrode layer 124 to a thickness of about 1 OOnm, for example.
- the first ferroelectric film 25a may be formed by sputtering, for example, instead of the MOCVD method.
- the material of the first ferroelectric film 25a is PZT, PLZT, BLT, SBT, and Bi doped with at least one selected from La, Ca, Sr, and Si instead of PZT.
- Layered structure for example, (Bi R) Ti O (R is a rare earth element: 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), SrBi Ta O, and SrBi Ti l -xx 3 12 2 2 9 4
- high dielectric materials such as Zr oxide and Pb-based materials may be deposited.
- an amorphous second ferroelectric film 125b is formed on the entire surface of the first ferroelectric film 125a by, eg, MOCVD.
- B Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Cr
- a ferroelectric material such as PZT is used to form a film with a thickness of about 1 nm to 30 nm, here about 20 nm.
- there are multiple A atoms in the perovskite structure of one unit. Are not all the same, and the same is true for B atoms.
- a material in which is dissolved in a THF (TetraHvdroFuran: C H 2 O) solution is used.
- a material obtained by dissolving Zr ((C 3 H 2 O 3) 2) in THF solution is used.
- Ir iridium (Ir) supply
- DMP iridium (DMP)
- the film thickness of the ferroelectric film 125b is too large, the switching charge amount of the capacitor structure is likely to be reduced. Therefore, 30 nm or less is desirable, and is about 20 nm here.
- the content of Ir element is preferably about 0.01 to 3.00%. When the content of Ir element is increased, it is accumulated at the crystal grain boundary in the second ferroelectric film 125b by the subsequent heat treatment, and a leak path of the capacitor structure is formed.
- the second ferroelectric film 125b may be formed by sputtering, for example, instead of the MOCVD method.
- the material of the second ferroelectric film 125b doped with Ir is PZT, PLZT doped with at least one selected from La, Ca, Sr, and Si instead of PZT. , BLT, SBT, and Bi layered structures (eg, (Bi R) Ti 2 O (R is a rare earth element: 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), SrBi Ta O l -xx 3 12 2 2
- These dielectric materials have an ABO perovskite structure as a unit.
- Thermal annealing is performed in an oxidizing atmosphere, here an atmosphere containing oxygen (mixed atmosphere of inert gas and oxygen).
- the heat treatment temperature is 550 ° C to 800 ° C. C, in this case, for example, 580 ° C., in an atmosphere of oxygen at a flow rate of 50 sccm and Ar at a flow rate of 2000 sccm, the heat treatment time is 30 seconds to 120 seconds, here 60 seconds.
- the appropriate heat treatment temperature depends on the type of ferroelectric material. For example, PZT or a small amount of PZT
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably 600 ° C or less, BLT is 700 ° C or less, and SBT is 800 ° C or less.
- the second ferroelectric film 125b is crystallized, and Ir in the second ferroelectric film 125b becomes the A site or B of the crystal grains in the first ferroelectric film 125a. Join the site.
- a ferroelectric film 125 serving as a capacitor film is formed by the first ferroelectric film 125a and the second ferroelectric film 125b.
- the film thickness is ⁇ !
- a Pt film may be formed instead of the IrO film.
- the second ferroelectric film 125b is heat-treated, in this case, in a mixed atmosphere of an inert gas and oxygen by an RTA (Rapid Thermal Annealing) method.
- Heat treatment is performed.
- the heat treatment temperature is 725 ° C
- the oxygen flow rate is 20 sccm
- the flow rate is 20
- the heat treatment time is 60 seconds in an atmosphere of OOsccm Ar.
- the second ferroelectric film 125b is completely crystallized and the IrO film 1
- the plasma damage of 26a can be recovered, and the oxygen deficiency in the second ferroelectric film 125b is compensated.
- an IrO film (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2) 126b x Y having a thickness of about 100 nm to 300 nm is deposited on the IrO film 126a (in an Ar atmosphere, under a pressure of 0.8 Pa, 1. OkW (When depositing for 79 seconds with sputtering power, it becomes 200 nm).
- the oxygen composition ratio Y of the IrO film 126b is set higher than the oxygen composition ratio X of the IrO film 126a in order to suppress deterioration of the capacitor structure due to the subsequent process.
- an Ir film 126c functioning as a hydrogen noria film is sputtered on the IrO film 126b, for example.
- the IrO film 126a, the IrO film 126b, and the Ir film 126c are stacked.
- a partial electrode layer 126 is formed. Instead of the Ir film 126c, another Pt film or SrRu03 film is used. It may be formed.
- a TiN film 128 and a silicon oxide film 129 are formed as shown in FIG. 8A.
- the TiN film 128 is deposited on the upper electrode layer 126 to a thickness of about 2 OOnm by sputtering or the like.
- the silicon oxide film 129 is deposited on the TiN film 128 to a thickness of about lOOOnm by, for example, a CVD method using TEOS.
- an HDP film may be formed instead of the TEOS film. It is also preferable to further form a silicon nitride film on the silicon oxide film 129.
- a resist mask 101 is formed.
- a resist is applied on the silicon oxide film 129, and this resist is processed into an electrode shape by lithography to form a resist mask 101.
- the silicon oxide film 129 is processed.
- the silicon oxide film 129 is dry etched using the resist mask 101 as a mask. At this time, the silicon oxide film 129 is patterned following the electrode shape of the resist mask 101, and a hard mask 129a is formed. Further, the thickness of the resist mask 101 is reduced by etching.
- the TiN film 128 is cached.
- the TiN film 128 is dry etched using the resist mask 101 and the hard mask 129a as a mask. At this time, the TiN film 128 is patterned following the electrode shape of the hard mask 129a to form the hard mask 128a. Further, the resist mask 101 is etched and thinned during the etching. Thereafter, the resist mask 101 is removed by ashing or the like.
- the upper electrode layer 126, the Canon film 125, the lower electrode layer 124, the oxygen barrier film 123c, and the orientation improving film 123b are processed.
- the upper electrode layer 126, the capacitor film 125, the lower electrode layer 124, the oxygen barrier film 123c, and the orientation enhancement film 123b are formed using the hard masks 128a and 129a as masks and the upper insulating film 123 as an etching stopper. Perform dry etching. At this time, following the electrode shape of the node mask 128a, the upper electrode layer 126, the capacitor film 125, the lower electrode layer 124, the oxygen The noria film 123c and the orientation improving film 123b are patterned. Further, the hard mask 129a is thinned by being etched during the etching. Thereafter, the hard mask 129a is removed by dry etching (etchback) on the entire surface.
- etchback dry etching
- the ferroelectric capacitor structure 130 is completed.
- the node mask 128a used as the mask is removed by wet etching.
- the capacitor film 125 and the upper electrode 132 are sequentially stacked on the lower electrode 131, and the ferroelectric capacitor structure 130 in which the lower electrode 131 and the upper electrode 132 are capacitively coupled through the capacitor film 125 is completed.
- the lower electrode 131 is connected to the plug 119 via the conductive orientation improving film 123b and the oxygen noria film 123c, and the plug 119, the orientation improving film 123b, and the oxygen noria
- the source / drain 118 and the lower electrode 131 are electrically connected through the film 123c.
- the ferroelectric film 125 contains iridium in its inner part, and exhibits an iridium concentration distribution in which the iridium concentration decreases from the upper layer region toward the lower layer region. Have it.
- the upper layer region of the ferroelectric film 125 that is, the portion of the second ferroelectric film 125b has a uniform high iridium concentration
- the lower region of the ferroelectric film 125 That is, an iridium concentration distribution is formed in which the iridium concentration of the first ferroelectric film 125a decreases as the force is directed downward.
- a protective film 133 and an interlayer insulating film 134 are formed.
- alumina Al 2 O 3
- Al 2 O 3 alumina
- the protective film 133 is annealed.
- an interlayer insulating film 234 is formed so as to cover the ferroelectric capacitor structure 130 with the protective film 133 interposed therebetween.
- the interlayer insulating film 134 a silicon oxide film is formed by a plasma CVD method using TEOS, for example, with a film thickness of 1500 ⁇ ! After depositing to about 2500 nm, it is formed by polishing with CMP to a film thickness of about lOOOnm. After the CMP, for example, N 2 O plasma annealing is performed for the purpose of dehydrating the interlayer insulating film 134.
- the upper electrode 132 of the ferroelectric capacitor structure 130 is applied to the upper electrode 132.
- a via hole 135a is formed.
- the interlayer insulating film 134 and the protective film 133 are patterned by lithography and subsequent dry etching to form a via hole 135a that exposes a part of the surface of the upper electrode 132.
- a plug 135 connected to the upper electrode 132 of the ferroelectric capacitor structure 130 is formed.
- a base film (glue film) 135b is formed so as to cover the wall surface of the via hole 135a, and then a W film is formed by the CVD method so as to fill the via hole 135a via the glue film 135b.
- the W film and the glue film 135b are polished by CMP using the interlayer insulating film 134 as a stopper to form a plug 135 filling the via hole 135a with W through the glue film 135b.
- CMP for example, N 2 plasma annealing is performed.
- first wirings 145 connected to the plugs 135 are formed.
- the barrier metal film 142, the wiring film 143, and the barrier metal film 144 are deposited on the entire surface of the interlayer insulating film 134 by sputtering or the like.
- the noria metal film 142 for example, a Ti film with a film thickness of about 5 nm and a TiN film with a film thickness of about 150 nm are formed by sputtering.
- the wiring film 143 for example, an A1 alloy film (here, Al—Cu film) is formed to a thickness of about 350 nm.
- the noria metal film 144 for example, a Ti film with a thickness of about 5 nm and a TiN film with a thickness of about 150 nm are stacked by sputtering.
- the structure of the wiring film 143 is the same as that of the logic part other than the FeRAM of the same rule, there is no problem in wiring processing or reliability.
- the antireflection film, the noria metal film 144, the wiring film 143, and the barrier metal film are formed by lithography and subsequent dry etching.
- 142 is processed into a wiring shape, and the first wiring 145 connected to the plug 135 is patterned.
- a Cu film (or Cu alloy film) may be formed using a so-called damascene method or the like, and a Cu wiring may be formed as the first wiring 145. .
- a second wiring 154 connected to the first wiring 145 is formed. To do.
- an interlayer insulating film 146 is formed so as to cover the first wiring 145.
- a silicon oxide film is formed to a thickness of about 700 nm
- a plasma TEOS film is formed to a total thickness of about lOO nm, and then the surface is polished by CMP.
- the film thickness is formed to about 750 nm.
- the interlayer insulating film 146 is processed by lithography and subsequent dry etching until a part of the surface of the first wiring 145 is exposed to form a via hole 147a having a diameter of about 0.25 m, for example.
- a W film is formed by the CVD method so as to fill the via hole 147a via the glue film 148.
- the W film and the glue film 148 are polished using the interlayer insulating film 146 as a stopper to form a plug 147 that fills the via hole 147a with W via the glue film 148.
- a barrier metal film 151, a wiring film 152, and a barrier metal film 153 are deposited on the entire surface by sputtering or the like.
- the noria metal film 151 for example, a Ti film with a thickness of about 5 nm and a TiN film with a thickness of about 150 nm are stacked by sputtering.
- the wiring film 152 for example, an A1 alloy film (here, Al—Cu film) is formed to a thickness of about 350 nm.
- the rare metal film 153 for example, a Ti film with a film thickness of about 5 nm and a TiN film with a film thickness of about 150 ⁇ m are formed by sputtering.
- the structure of the wiring film 152 is the same as that of the logic part other than the FeRAM having the same rule, there is no problem in the processing or reliability of the wiring.
- a SiON film or an antireflection film (not shown) as the antireflection film
- the antireflection film, the noria metal film 153, the wiring film 152, and the barrier metal film are formed by lithography and subsequent dry etching.
- 151 is processed into a wiring shape
- the second wiring 154 is formed into a pattern.
- a Cu film (or Cu alloy film) may be formed using a so-called damascene method or the like, and a Cu wiring may be formed as the second wiring 154. .
- the interlayer insulating film is subjected to various processes such as the formation of further upper layer wiring, and this embodiment is completed.
- Complete stack-type FeRAM is
- FIG. 13A to 13C another example that can be applied to the first embodiment will be described.
- the description is based on the first embodiment, but the same applies to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 14A to 14C FIG.
- FIG. 13A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing only the structure corresponding to FIG. 1D as the main structure of the first embodiment.
- the first ferroelectric film is formed on the lower electrode layer 24 by a sputtering method at a low temperature, for example, 10 ° C. to 100 ° C., here 50 ° C. Then, the first ferroelectric film 61 in the amorphous state is formed.
- the film thickness is the same as that of the first ferroelectric film 25a.
- the second ferroelectric film 25b is formed by sputtering using a target to which Ir is added.
- the first ferroelectric film 61 and the second ferroelectric film 25b are crystallized by the RTA method.
- the first ferroelectric film 61 and the second ferroelectric film 25b are PZT films, if the total thickness of the PZT film is about 150 nm, the flow rate is 2 slm at 560 ° C to 580 ° C.
- Heat treatment is performed for 90 seconds in a mixed atmosphere of Ar and O at a flow rate of 25 sccm. Furthermore, this heat treatment
- the first ferroelectric film 61 and the second ferroelectric film 25b are completely crystallized, and Ir in the second ferroelectric film 25b is changed to the first ferroelectric film. Bonds to the A site and B site of the crystal grains inside the film 61.
- a ferroelectric film 25 serving as a capacitor film is formed by the first ferroelectric film 61 and the second ferroelectric film 25b.
- the upper electrode layer 26 is formed and patterned as in the first embodiment, thereby forming the ferroelectric capacitor structure 30.
- FIG. 13B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing only the components corresponding to FIG. 1D as the main configuration of the second embodiment.
- the first ferroelectric film 61 in an amorphous state is formed on the lower electrode layer 24 as the first ferroelectric film.
- the film thickness is the same as that of the first ferroelectric film 25a.
- the first ferroelectric film 61 is crystallized by the RTA method.
- heat treatment is performed for 90 seconds in a mixed atmosphere of Ar at a flow rate of 2 slm and O at a flow force of S25 sccm at 560 ° C to 580 ° C.
- the second ferroelectric film 25b is formed by sputtering using a target to which Ir is added.
- the first ferroelectric film 61 and the second ferroelectric film 25b are crystallized by the RTA method.
- the first ferroelectric film 61 and the second ferroelectric film 25b are PZT films, if the total thickness of the PZT film is about 150 nm, the flow rate is 2 slm at 560 ° C to 580 ° C.
- Heat treatment is performed for 90 seconds in a mixed atmosphere of Ar and O at a flow rate of 25 sccm. Furthermore, this heat treatment
- the second ferroelectric film 25b is completely crystallized, and Ir in the second ferroelectric film 25b becomes A of the crystal grains in the first ferroelectric film 61. Join to site or B site.
- a ferroelectric film 25 serving as a capacitor film is formed by the first ferroelectric film 61 and the second ferroelectric film 25b.
- the upper electrode layer 26 is formed and patterned as in the first embodiment, thereby forming the ferroelectric capacitor structure 30.
- Anomalous dispersion is a phenomenon in which the refractive index and scattering power change greatly due to the resonance effect when the X-ray frequency is close to the frequency at the absorption edge of the atom. That is, when measuring the X-ray diffraction intensity of a substance, the energy close to the absorption edge of the constituent element of the substance is applied to the substance. When you shoot, the X-ray diffraction intensity changes greatly. By using this phenomenon and examining the energy dependence of the diffraction intensity of a specific peak, the constituent elements of the peak can be clarified.
- FIG. 15 shows the results of examining the dependence of the P ZT (111) orientation intensity peak on the X-ray incident energy after annealing the PZT laminated on the lower electrode layer made of Pt.
- the wavelength near the LIII absorption edge of Ir was used as the X-ray.
- the Ir LIII absorption edge energy is 11.21 eV, the decrease in strength is increasing.
- Ir is contained in the crystal lattice of Ir-doped PZT, and Ir-doped PZT simply diffuses into the Ir force PZT film. It turns out that Ir is contained as a crystal constituent element of PZT. That is, the PZT is the A-site and B-site of the ABO perovskite structure.
- the crystal structure includes Ir element in at least one of them.
- FIG. 13C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing only the configuration corresponding to FIG. 1D as the main configuration of Example 3.
- the first ferroelectric film 61 in an amorphous state is formed on the lower electrode layer 24 as the first ferroelectric film.
- the film thickness is the same as that of the first ferroelectric film 25a.
- the first ferroelectric film 61 is crystallized by the RTA method.
- heat treatment is performed for 90 seconds in a mixed atmosphere of Ar at a flow rate of 2 slm and O at a flow force of S25 sccm at 560 ° C to 580 ° C.
- the second ferroelectric film 25b is formed by sputtering using a target to which Ir is added.
- an IrO film (0 ⁇ x2) 26a having a thickness of about 50 nm is formed.
- a Pt film may be formed instead of the IrO film.
- the second ferroelectric film 25b is crystallized by the RTA method.
- the heat treatment temperature is set to 725 ° C
- the flow rate of oxygen is 20 sccm
- the flow rate is 200
- Heat treatment time is 60 seconds in a mixed atmosphere of Osccm Ar.
- the second ferroelectric film 25b is completely crystallized, and Ir in the second ferroelectric film 25b becomes A of the crystal grains in the first ferroelectric film 61. Join to site or B site. Further, the plasma damage of the IrO film 26a can be recovered, and oxygen vacancies in the second ferroelectric film 25b are compensated.
- a ferroelectric film 25 serving as a capacitor film is formed by the first ferroelectric film 61 and the second ferroelectric film 25b.
- the IrO film 26b is formed and patterned as in the first embodiment.
- a ferroelectric capacitor structure 30 is formed.
- FIG. 14A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing only the components corresponding to FIG. 1D as the main components of Example 4.
- a first ferroelectric film 25a is formed on the lower electrode layer 24 as a first ferroelectric film.
- the second ferroelectric film 25b is formed by sputtering using a target to which Ir is added.
- an IrO film (0 ⁇ x2) 26a having a thickness of about 50 nm is formed.
- a Pt film may be formed instead of the IrO film.
- the second ferroelectric film 25b is crystallized by the RTA method.
- the heat treatment temperature is 725 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is 60 seconds in an atmosphere of oxygen at a flow rate of 20 sccm and Ar at a flow rate of 200 Osccm.
- the second ferroelectric film 25b is completely crystallized, and Ir in the second ferroelectric film 25b is A of the crystal grains in the first ferroelectric film 25a. Join to site or B site. Further, the plasma damage of the IrO film 26a can be recovered, and oxygen vacancies in the second ferroelectric film 25b are compensated.
- a ferroelectric film 25 serving as a capacitor film is formed by the first ferroelectric film 25a and the second ferroelectric film 25b.
- the IrO film 26b is formed and patterned as in the first embodiment.
- a ferroelectric capacitor structure 30 is formed.
- FIG. 14B is a schematic section showing only the components corresponding to FIG. FIG.
- the first ferroelectric film 61 in an amorphous state is formed on the lower electrode layer 24.
- the film thickness and the like are the same as those of the first ferroelectric film 25a. Note that, as in the first embodiment, the first ferroelectric film 25a may be formed.
- the second ferroelectric film 25b is formed by sputtering using a target to which Ir is added.
- the first ferroelectric film 61 and the second ferroelectric film 25b are crystallized by the RTA method.
- the first ferroelectric film 61 and the second ferroelectric film 25b are PZT films, if the total thickness of the PZT film is about 150 nm, the flow rate is 2 slm at 560 ° C to 580 ° C. Heat treatment is performed for 90 seconds in a mixed atmosphere of Ar and O at a flow rate of 25 sccm.
- the first ferroelectric film 61 and the second ferroelectric film 25b are completely crystallized, and Ir in the second ferroelectric film 25b is changed to the first ferroelectric film. Bonds to the A site and B site of the crystal grains inside the film 61.
- a ferroelectric film 25 serving as a capacitor film is formed by the first ferroelectric film 61 and the second ferroelectric film 25b.
- an IrO film (0 ⁇ x2) 26a having a thickness of about 50 nm is formed.
- a Pt film may be formed instead of the IrO film.
- the RTA method is performed.
- the heat treatment temperature is 725 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is 120 seconds in an atmosphere of oxygen at a flow rate of 20 sccm and Ar at a flow rate of 2000 sccm.
- the second ferroelectric film 25b is completely crystallized, and Ir in the second ferroelectric film 25b becomes A of the crystal grains in the first ferroelectric film 61. Join to site or B site. Further, the plasma damage of the IrO film 26a can be recovered, and oxygen vacancies in the second ferroelectric film 25b are compensated.
- a ferroelectric film 25 serving as a capacitor film is formed by the first ferroelectric film 61 and the second ferroelectric film 25b.
- the IrO film 26b is formed and patterned as in the first embodiment.
- a ferroelectric capacitor structure 30 is formed.
- FIG. 14C is a schematic section showing only the components corresponding to FIG. FIG.
- a ferroelectric film serving as a capacitor film is formed on the lower electrode layer 24 by sputtering at a low temperature, for example, 20 ° C. to 100 ° C., in this case, 50 ° C.
- the body film 62 is formed to a thickness of about 140 nm.
- 17A and 17B are cross-sectional views showing a state after a PZT film with a thickness of 140 nm formed on the lower electrode layer made of Pt is subjected to heat treatment at 553 ° C and 573 ° C for 90 seconds by the RTA method. It is a photograph. When the annealing temperature is low, the grain boundary of columnar crystals disappears near the surface, and it is thought that they are not crystals.
- the power applied to the semiconductor substrate 10 is 2. OkW in an atmosphere of oxygen at a flow rate of 50 to 58 sccm and Ar at a flow rate of 1 OOsccm.
- the X value of the formed IrO film 26c is about 1.4, for example.
- the heat treatment time is 120 seconds in a treatment temperature of 725 ° C., an oxidizing atmosphere, here an atmosphere containing oxygen (a mixed atmosphere of oxygen at a flow rate of 20 sccm and Ar at a flow rate of 2000 sccm).
- an atmosphere containing oxygen a mixed atmosphere of oxygen at a flow rate of 20 sccm and Ar at a flow rate of 2000 sccm.
- the ferroelectric film 62 is completely crystallized, and Ir in the IrO film 26c is diffused into the ferroelectric film 62. Further, the plasma damage of the IrO film 26c is recovered, and oxygen vacancies in the ferroelectric film 62 are compensated. However, the interface between the ferroelectric film 62 and the IrO film 26c is flat (very advantageous for low voltage operation). After that, the IrO film 26b is formed and patterned in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- a ferroelectric capacitor structure 30 is formed.
- It contains iridium in its interior, and has an iridium concentration distribution in which the iridium concentration decreases as it moves from the upper surface to the lower surface.
- the Pt lower electrode layer is oriented in the (111) plane.
- an amorphous PZT film is deposited at 150 nm.
- heat treatment is performed by the RTA method for 90 seconds in an atmosphere of oxygen at a flow rate of 25 sccm and Ar at a flow rate of 2000 sccm.
- Fig. 18A, Fig. 18B, Fig. 1 show the effect on the cross-sectional view of the capacitor due to the temperature of each heat treatment.
- Crystal growth of the PZT film grows from between the (111) grains in the Pt lower electrode layer.
- the crystal growth of the PZT film shows a very large variation in the size of the columnar PZT crystal grains with large variations.
- the surface of the PZT film is amorphous.
- Ir in the IrO film diffuses into the PZT film, and Pb in the PZT film becomes IrO.
- the invention has been devised based on the above basic idea. That is, by doping a small amount of Ir in the ferroelectric film, the defects in the ferroelectric film are compensated, the crystallinity of the ferroelectric film becomes uniform, and the crystal grains of the ferroelectric film become uniform. This is a technique that allows the interface layer between the ferroelectric film and the upper electrode to be thin without Ir being accumulated in between.
- the lower electrode of the capacitor structure is Pt (film thickness 150 nm, 350 ° C., with a film thickness of 0.3 kW).
- an amorphous CSPL ZT film is formed on the above lower electrode by RF sputtering using a PZT target to which trace amounts of Ca, Sr, and La are added.
- This amorphous CSPLZT film is heat-treated by the RTA method.
- Heat treatment time is 90 seconds in a mixed atmosphere of oxygen at a flow rate of 25 sccm and Ar at a flow rate of 2000 sccm.
- the heat treatment temperature was investigated from 533 ° C to 588 ° C.
- IrO film As IrO film,
- Heat treatment is performed for 20 seconds in a mixed atmosphere of m oxygen and 2000 sccm Ar.
- FIGS. 19A, 19B, 20A, and 20B The results of measuring the crystallinity of the CSPLZT film heat-treated as described above are shown in FIGS. 19A, 19B, 20A, and 20B.
- the (101) plane of the CSPLZT film under each condition is hardly oriented (effect of background level).
- the heat treatment temperature is low, the orientation of the (100) plane becomes stronger and the heat treatment As the temperature increases, the orientation strength of the (222) plane increases.
- the heat treatment temperature is 548 ° C or higher, the orientation ratio of the (222) plane is almost saturated. From the above results, it can be seen that the crystallinity of the CSPLZT film almost depends on the heat treatment conditions after the ferroelectric film is formed.
- the heat treatment temperature when the heat treatment temperature is lowered, the crystallinity of the CSPLZT film is bad, and the size of crystal grains varies.
- the heat treatment temperature is 548 ° C or higher, the crystal grain size of the CSPLZT film becomes almost uniform.
- the crystallinity of the CSPLZT film depends on the film thickness and the heat treatment temperature.
- Figures 21A and 21B show the effect of the heat treatment temperature on the crystallinity of the CSPLZT film when the CSPLZT film thickness is 120 nm.
- the heat treatment temperature is low, the orientation strength of the (100) plane increases and the orientation ratio of the (222) plane decreases.
- the temperature is about 543 ° C or higher, the orientation rate is almost saturated. From this result, the optimum heat treatment temperature decreases as the film thickness of the ferroelectric film decreases. That is, when the surface layer of the ferroelectric film is in an amorphous state, the heat treatment conditions for aligning the size and orientation of the ferroelectric crystal grains also depend on the thickness of the PZT.
- the ferroelectric capacitor structure is formed, and up to three layers of wiring are formed to complete a 1-transistor 1-capacitor (1T1C) FeRAM. Next, the motor characteristics and PT yield of the completed 1T1C FeRAM were investigated.
- the planar shape is a square ferroelectric capacitor (discrete) with a side length of 50 ⁇ m, and the planar shape has a long side length of 1.50 ⁇ m and a short side length.
- Figures 22A and 22B show the results of measuring the inversion charge QSW at an applied voltage of 3.0V.
- the applied voltage having the largest rate of change of the value P with respect to the applied voltage was taken as the coercive voltage Vc.
- ⁇ indicates the coercive voltage Vc (-) when the rate of change is negative, and ⁇ indicates the coercive voltage Vc (+) when the rate of change is positive.
- Vc was low, a high inversion charge QSW was obtained from a low voltage to a saturation voltage, and the slope increased. This means that it is extremely suitable for a ferroelectric memory operating at a low voltage.
- the cell capacitors at 543 ° C and 558 ° C rise quickly at low voltage, increase the saturation QSW, and decrease Vc. As the heat treatment temperature is increased, the rise to the low voltage is delayed, the saturation QSW is decreased, and Vc is increased.
- the heat treatment temperature is 560 ° C or lower, the surface of the CSPLZT film is amorphous. After that, when an IrO film is formed and then the heat treatment is performed, the Ir force SCSPLZT film diffuses into the C
- the interface between the SPLZT film and the IrO film is flat and a thin interface layer is generated.
- heat treatment
- the surface layer of the CSPLZT film is crystallized. At higher temperatures, the CSPLZT film crystallizes more completely. In this case, the heat treatment after the IrO film is formed.
- the Ir force diffuses into the SCSPLZT film, but hardly enters the crystal grain of the CSPLZT film and hits the crystal grain boundary.
- the interface layer between the CSPLZT film and the IrO film becomes thicker.
- the applied voltage corresponds to the potential of the lower electrode with respect to the upper electrode, and is ⁇ 5V.
- L CAPF is a discrete leakage current
- L CAP is a cell array leakage current.
- L—CAPF-2 is a leakage current of discretely applied voltage + 5V.
- FIGS. 25A and 25B are characteristic diagrams showing yield measurement results in the ferroelectric capacitor structure (1T1C type cell array).
- PT1 indicates the yield when reading is performed after writing.
- PT2 indicates the yield when heat treatment is performed at 250 ° C before reading.
- PT3 shows the yield when the data is reversed after heat treatment for PT2.
- PT indicates the overall yield of PT1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3. The ratio is ⁇ T1.
- the heat treatment temperature of PZT has a great influence on the device yield.
- the heat treatment temperature of soot is low, the leakage current of the capacitor is large, so a high voltage cannot be applied to the capacitor structure, and the yield of PT1 is very low.
- the heat treatment temperature of soot increases, the capacitor structure becomes difficult to operate at a low voltage, and retention (SS: Same State failure) and imprint (OS: Opposite State failure) are likely to occur, and PT decreases. Similarly, the PT ratio will be lower.
- Figure 26 shows the results of PT yield RET failure (SS & OS).
- the heat treatment temperature of the PZT (CSPLZT) film is preferably 543 ° C to 573 ° C.
- the optimum temperature is 553 ° C.
- a device yield of 90% and a yield rate of 98% or higher can be obtained by heat treatment at 548 ° C to 558 ° C.
- the optimum heat treatment temperature is considered to be 543 ° C to 553 ° C.
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US12/239,332 US7964904B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2008-09-26 | Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same |
US13/108,230 US8357585B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2011-05-16 | Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same |
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Cited By (7)
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JP2008244266A (ja) * | 2007-03-28 | 2008-10-09 | Seiko Epson Corp | 圧電素子の製造方法、インクジェット式記録ヘッド、およびインクジェットプリンター |
JP2010003775A (ja) * | 2008-06-19 | 2010-01-07 | Taiyo Yuden Co Ltd | 薄膜キャパシタ及びその製造方法 |
JP2011077226A (ja) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-04-14 | Fujitsu Semiconductor Ltd | 強誘電体キャパシタの製造方法 |
KR20140088155A (ko) * | 2011-11-18 | 2014-07-09 | 도꾸리쯔교세이호징 가가꾸 기쥬쯔 신꼬 기꼬 | 적층 구조체, 강유전체 게이트 박막 트랜지스터 및 강유전체 박막 캐패시터 |
KR101590280B1 (ko) * | 2011-11-18 | 2016-01-29 | 고쿠리츠켄큐카이하츠호진 카가쿠기쥬츠신코키코 | 적층 구조체, 강유전체 게이트 박막 트랜지스터 및 강유전체 박막 캐패시터 |
JP2014033140A (ja) * | 2012-08-06 | 2014-02-20 | Fujitsu Semiconductor Ltd | 半導体装置とその製造方法 |
JP2015213197A (ja) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-11-26 | 富士通セミコンダクター株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20090020797A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
KR20080098680A (ko) | 2008-11-11 |
US8497181B1 (en) | 2013-07-30 |
US7964904B2 (en) | 2011-06-21 |
KR101101566B1 (ko) | 2012-01-02 |
JP4998461B2 (ja) | 2012-08-15 |
JPWO2007116442A1 (ja) | 2009-08-20 |
US20110217792A1 (en) | 2011-09-08 |
US20130178038A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
US8357585B2 (en) | 2013-01-22 |
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