WO2007113466A1 - Produits laitiers - Google Patents

Produits laitiers Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2007113466A1
WO2007113466A1 PCT/GB2007/000864 GB2007000864W WO2007113466A1 WO 2007113466 A1 WO2007113466 A1 WO 2007113466A1 GB 2007000864 W GB2007000864 W GB 2007000864W WO 2007113466 A1 WO2007113466 A1 WO 2007113466A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cheese
cheeses
fat content
heated
fat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2007/000864
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Timothy Marcus Robinson
Trevor Clarke
Original Assignee
Fayrefield Foods Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fayrefield Foods Limited filed Critical Fayrefield Foods Limited
Priority to AU2007232443A priority Critical patent/AU2007232443B2/en
Priority to EP07732008A priority patent/EP2009998A1/fr
Priority to CA002681305A priority patent/CA2681305A1/fr
Priority to NZ572343A priority patent/NZ572343A/xx
Publication of WO2007113466A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007113466A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C19/00—Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
    • A23C19/06—Treating cheese curd after whey separation; Products obtained thereby
    • A23C19/068—Particular types of cheese
    • A23C19/08—Process cheese preparations; Making thereof, e.g. melting, emulsifying, sterilizing
    • A23C19/082—Adding substances to the curd before or during melting; Melting salts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C19/00—Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
    • A23C19/06—Treating cheese curd after whey separation; Products obtained thereby
    • A23C19/09—Other cheese preparations; Mixtures of cheese with other foodstuffs

Definitions

  • This invention relates to dairy products, and particularly to the production of cheese.
  • Cheese is made by a wide variety of processes from milk, which may be cows' milk, goats' milk, ewes' milk or milk from other animals.
  • Cheese may be hard, such as Parmesan, or soft, such as Brie and mozzarella, or crumbly or semi-liquid, such as cottage cheese, with a wide variety of intermediate textures.
  • Cheese may be strong in flavour, such as mature Cheddar, or relatively bland, such as Caerphilly, and additional flavour effects can be brought about by introducing microorganisms or enzymes to produce blue cheeses such as Stilton and Gorgonzola. So-called 'processed cheese' is a cheese product that includes melted cheese.
  • Cheeses can have a range of fat contents, from zero up to 50% or more.
  • a high fat content is sometimes regarded as undesirable from a dietary point of view.
  • a low fat cheese is, officially, one containing no more than 3% fat. Low fat cheeses are often noted for their bland flavour, hard brittle texture and slightly bitter aftertaste.
  • Cheese is essentially casein - a protein - holding fat and water.
  • the present invention provides novel cheese and cheese products, including novel processed cheese, that can display a wide variety of tastes and textures, with a wide range of fat contents, right down to the 3% or less that qualify as low-fat cheese, and novel processes for making cheese and cheese products that incorporate functional or flavour additives prior to the blended process, as well as novel cheese making apparatus.
  • the invention comprises a method for making a cheese product comprising:
  • predetermining a fat content for the finished cheese product blending a first cheese having a first fat content higher than the predetermined fat content for the finished cheese with a second cheese having a second fat content lower than the said predetermined fat content;
  • the blended cheeses may be heated to a temperature less than the melting temperature of at least one of them, and may be heated to a temperature less than the melting point of either of them.
  • the blending may be effected under low shear conditions or no-shear conditions, and may be effected by a screw feeding arrangement.
  • the screw feeding arrangement may be heated, as by heat exchange with heated water.
  • the screw feeding arrangement may be heated by a water jacket or oi] jacket and a screw of the screw feeding arrangement may be heated, which may also be by heat exchange with heated water or heated oil.
  • a low fat cheese may be produced according to the invention by blending a major proportion of a low fat cheese with a minor proportion of a higher fat cheese, and the method may be adapted to produce a cheese with less than 3% fat.
  • the method may also be adapted, according to the invention, to produce a cheese with a mature cheese flavour by blending a major proportion of a fresh-produced cheese with a minor proportion of a matured cheese.
  • Two or more cheeses may be used.
  • the invention aiso comprises apparatus for making a cheese product, comprising:
  • a blender for combining at least two cheeses under homogenizing conditions; supply means for supplying a mixture of said cheeses to said blender in desired proportions;
  • cheese forming means adapted to receive a blended cheese product from said blender.
  • the blender may be temperature controlled.
  • the blender may comprise a screw feeding arrangement.
  • the blender may comprise a heat exchange arrangement, which may comprise a water jacket or oil jacket.
  • the blender may be a screw feed arrangement of which a feed screw is heated, and the screw is heated by heat exchange with heated water or heated oil by having water or oil passages for the circulation of heated water or heated oil.
  • the cheese forming means may be adapted to form cheeses of a size and shape which can cool from a blending temperature within 24 hours.
  • the invention also comprises a cheese product having a predetermined fat content comprised of a homogeneous blend of at least two cheeses with different fat contents.
  • the fat content may be less than 3%, containing a major proportion of a cheese with less than 3% fat content and a minor proportion of a cheese having a higher fat content.
  • the invention also comprises a cheese product comprising a blended cheese containing a major proportion of a fresh-produced cheese with a minor proportion of a matured cheese.
  • the cheese may comprise further additives such as spring onions, pickles, health products, cholesterol reducing agents, etc.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of one production process
  • Figure 2 is a picture diagram of a first part of the production process of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 is a picture diagram of further parts of the production process of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 4 is a part sectional side elevation of a screw feeding arrangement which blends cheese according to the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a part sectional plan view of the arrangement of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a section on the line Vl-Vl of Figure 5.
  • the drawings illustrate a method for producing a cheese product 11 , comprising:
  • the fat content may be predetermined in accordance with market or dietary requirements.
  • Various definitions of low fat cheese may be found.
  • One such definition specifies 3% or less fat content by weight.
  • Another, American, definition is less than 3 grams of fat per serving.
  • "Less fat” and “reduced fat” cheeses are supposed, by an American definition, to have 25% less fat than comparable "full fat” products.
  • the fat content makes a major contribution to the taste of the cheese.
  • Some types of cheese require to mature before developing a satisfactory flavour. Over a period of time, physical and chemical changes in the maturing cheese develop characteristic flavours, strengthening and enhancing the flavour when fresh produced.
  • the blending process according to the invention can introduce mature cheese taste into fresh-produced cheese by blending into a fresh-produced cheese a proportion of its mature version, or, perhaps, of the mature version of some other cheese.
  • Figure 1 shows a process for blending three cheeses, 12, 13 and 14.
  • the cheeses are fed in comminuted form, either as a crumbly cheese, or in diced or grated form, into a mixing chamber 15, where they are thoroughly mixed.
  • the mixture is then fed to a blender 16 in which the mixture is homogenized.
  • the homogenized cheese product is then fed to a cheese forming arrangement 17, where it is formed into cheeses of desired size and shape before being cooled in a cooling arrangement 18.
  • Blending can take place in a screw feeding blender 41, as is more particularly illustrated in Figures 4, 5 and 6.
  • This comprises an input hopper 42 entering into a duct 43 containing two rotary screws 44 which feed the softened cheese mixture forward under low shear or no-shear conditions.
  • the screws 44 can be varied in speed, dependent on the cheese processed but are typically in the order of one to ten revolutions per minute, and the screw "threads" do not touch each other or the wall of the duct 43.
  • the duct 43 is heated by an external water jacket 45, and the screws 44 are themselves heated by means of circulating water through their hollow shafts 44a.
  • Mozzarella is cooked and stretched in similar screw feeder arrangements, but immersed in water. As this is not the case in the method of the present invention, it will be necessary, with many cheese products, to apply greater force than in used in mozzarella production, and the equipment will usually be constructed to be more robust, after the fashion of machinery used to make inherently more viscous product than mozzarella.
  • the surfaces of the screw feeder against which the product flows are desirably coated with a non-stick coating, such as polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the flowing cheese product after about a 15 minute dwell time in the feeder blender 41 , emerges - see Figure 3, from a valve which is open or partially opened to provide, if required, a back pressure within the blender, to further the working action by the augers on the cheese mass as it passes through the blender. It emerges out of the blender valve at an elevated temperature into a feed arrangement 31 of a block making machine 32 which cools the outside of the moulded cheese for 10-30 minutes, making it shape stable.
  • a cooling medium which can consist of brine or water for sufficient time to cool the cheese block down to a core temperature of below 12 0 C.
  • the temperature and pressure regime during the blending phase can be very important to the quality of the finished cheese product, and this stage of the process can be usefully under the control of a microprocessor or programmable logic controller (PLC) which can, inter alia, control the temperature and flow of water through the screws and water jacket.
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • CHS03 ⁇ 3% fat cheese
  • a spreadsheet is used to calculate the proportions of ingredients in order to produce the CHS03 cheese.
  • the percentage target values of fat, water, and salt are predetermined, and the spreadsheet is used to calculate the weight in kg of each ingredient required.
  • Table 2 (below) lists these target values together with the amount required of each of the ingredients in order to produce the desired cheese.
  • the recipe listed Table 2 is used to make the required quantity of cheese.
  • the recipe is recalculated whenever the composition changes for new batches of existing ingredients - either extra ingredients are added, or the specification changes.
  • the ingredients are shredded and weighed into a mixer which blends the cheese together to ensure even distribution.
  • Computer software is used to compare the weighed amount of each ingredient with the actual amount required by the recipe. If out of tolerance, a warning alarm is sounded, and the mixer is locked until a Supervisor investigates the problem and clears the computer log.
  • the batch of cheese is placed in a blender where it is mixed and heated to make the cheese homogeneous. As the hopper of the mixer empties, the next batch is tipped in, and this process continues until the production run is completed.
  • a computer records the operating parameters of the mixer. Parameters such as start time, stop time, pressure, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and actual temperature are recorded, and are used to evaluate the operation.
  • the cheese is extruded into moulds of the correct shape, and then chilled with cold water for approximately 12 minutes. The cheese is then placed in water or brine baths, which complete the cooling.
  • the cooled cheeses are vacuum packed, placed in a cardboard box, labelled and palletised. They are placed in a chill store where they are tested for composition and microbiological content before being positively released.
  • An example of such a specification for CHS03 is shown in Table 3.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne de nouveaux fromages et produits de fromage, y compris un nouveau fromage traité qui peut présenter une grande variété de goûts et de textures, avec une vaste gamme de contenu en matières grasses, jusqu'à 3 % ou moins, ce qui permet de le qualifier de fromage allégé, et de nouveaux procédés pour faire du fromage et des produits de fromage, ainsi qu'un nouvel appareil pour faire du fromage. L'invention comprend une méthode pour faire un produit de fromage qui consiste à : prédéterminer une teneur en matières grasses pour le produit fini de fromage ; mélanger un premier fromage ayant une première teneur en matières grasses plus élevée que la teneur en matières grasses prédéterminée du fromage fini avec un deuxième fromage ayant une deuxième teneur en matières grasses inférieure à celle de ladite teneur prédéterminée ; sélectionner les quantités relatives des premier et deuxième fromages afin que la teneur en matières grasses prédéterminée corresponde à la teneur en matières grasses du produit fini de fromage ; mélanger lesdits fromages sous des conditions d'homogénéisation. L'invention concerne également un appareil permettant de les fabriquer.
PCT/GB2007/000864 2006-03-31 2007-03-13 Produits laitiers WO2007113466A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2007232443A AU2007232443B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2007-03-13 Dairy products
EP07732008A EP2009998A1 (fr) 2006-03-31 2007-03-13 Produits laitiers
CA002681305A CA2681305A1 (fr) 2006-03-31 2007-03-13 Produits laitiers
NZ572343A NZ572343A (en) 2006-03-31 2007-03-13 Method for making a blended cheese product comprising at least two cheeses

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0606471A GB0606471D0 (en) 2006-03-31 2006-03-31 Dairy Products
GB0606471.1 2006-03-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007113466A1 true WO2007113466A1 (fr) 2007-10-11

Family

ID=36424964

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2007/000864 WO2007113466A1 (fr) 2006-03-31 2007-03-13 Produits laitiers

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2009998A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2007232443B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2681305A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB0606471D0 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ572343A (fr)
WO (1) WO2007113466A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200809251B (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5104675A (en) * 1989-06-14 1992-04-14 Kraft General Foods, Inc. Product and process of making a firm-textured mozzarella/cheddar product
EP0535728A2 (fr) * 1991-09-30 1993-04-07 Unilever N.V. Procédés pour la préparation de compositions de fromage
US5750177A (en) * 1992-11-04 1998-05-12 Schreiber Foods, Inc. Cheese with improved melt properties and methods of producing same

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5104675A (en) * 1989-06-14 1992-04-14 Kraft General Foods, Inc. Product and process of making a firm-textured mozzarella/cheddar product
EP0535728A2 (fr) * 1991-09-30 1993-04-07 Unilever N.V. Procédés pour la préparation de compositions de fromage
US5750177A (en) * 1992-11-04 1998-05-12 Schreiber Foods, Inc. Cheese with improved melt properties and methods of producing same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2007232443B2 (en) 2012-04-19
CA2681305A1 (fr) 2007-10-11
AU2007232443A2 (en) 2008-11-27
EP2009998A1 (fr) 2009-01-07
AU2007232443A1 (en) 2007-10-11
NZ572343A (en) 2012-11-30
GB0606471D0 (en) 2006-05-10
ZA200809251B (en) 2009-11-25

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