WO2007105783A1 - 新規な1,3,5-トリス(ジアリールアミノ)ベンゼン類とその利用 - Google Patents
新規な1,3,5-トリス(ジアリールアミノ)ベンゼン類とその利用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007105783A1 WO2007105783A1 PCT/JP2007/055166 JP2007055166W WO2007105783A1 WO 2007105783 A1 WO2007105783 A1 WO 2007105783A1 JP 2007055166 W JP2007055166 W JP 2007055166W WO 2007105783 A1 WO2007105783 A1 WO 2007105783A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tris
- diarylamino
- benzenes
- group
- carbon atoms
- Prior art date
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- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000004986 diarylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- ZZLCFHIKESPLTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylbiphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZLCFHIKESPLTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000319 biphenyl-4-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- JLBBKSDFPSFKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=C(C(=C(C=C1N)N)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C)N Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=C(C(=C(C=C1N)N)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C)N JLBBKSDFPSFKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 53
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 31
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 27
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 27
- RPHKINMPYFJSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-triamine Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC(N)=C1 RPHKINMPYFJSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- -1 aromatic tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 14
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 10
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 4
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 4
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- UQRLKWGPEVNVHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dichloroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1 UQRLKWGPEVNVHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000284156 Clerodendrum quadriloculare Species 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- CHBDXRNMDNRJJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 CHBDXRNMDNRJJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000590 4-methylphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007707 calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ALLIZEAXNXSFGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2-phenylbenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ALLIZEAXNXSFGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- GTNZVEGWHJSEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-methylphenyl)benzene-1,3,5-triamine Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=C(N)C=C(N)C=C1N GTNZVEGWHJSEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AZWHFTKIBIQKCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sn+2]=O.[O-2].[In+3] Chemical compound [Sn+2]=O.[O-2].[In+3] AZWHFTKIBIQKCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUOKPLVTMFHRJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,3-triamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1N RUOKPLVTMFHRJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005266 diarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013020 steam cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/54—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to two or three six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/20—Carbon compounds, e.g. carbon nanotubes or fullerenes
- H10K85/221—Carbon nanotubes
- H10K85/225—Carbon nanotubes comprising substituents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/321—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3]
- H10K85/324—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3] comprising aluminium, e.g. Alq3
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1014—Carbocyclic compounds bridged by heteroatoms, e.g. N, P, Si or B
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/10—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene
- H10K2102/101—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene comprising transparent conductive oxides [TCO]
- H10K2102/103—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene comprising transparent conductive oxides [TCO] comprising indium oxides, e.g. ITO
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/917—Electroluminescent
Definitions
- the present invention relates to novel 1,3,5-tris (diarylamino) benzenes and their use.
- all of the substituents on the nitrogen atom of the three diarylamino groups it has are the same.
- organic compounds that have a light-electron conversion function and a reversible redox function and can form an amorphous film by themselves are used as electronic functional materials, for example, light-emitting devices and semiconductors using hole transport agents.
- Various electronic devices are attracting attention.
- a binder resin such as polyponicate and the organic compound are dissolved in an organic solvent, applied, dried, and formed into a thin film.
- starperst polynuclear aromatic tertiary amines
- a method of forming a thin film is known (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-2.911115).
- the organic compound is diluted with the binder resin in the formed thin film and is affected by this, so that the function of the original electronic functional material is reduced. It cannot be fully used.
- the binder resin even with the help of the binder resin, a stable thin film can be formed at room temperature, but the low molecular weight organic compound itself has a low glass transition temperature and poor heat resistance. There is a problem in life.
- starburst polynuclear aromatic tertiary amines
- This “starburst” molecule has three groups based on its molecular structure: triphenylamine skeleton (triphenylamines), triaminobenzene bone It is broadly divided into those of the standard (triaminobenzenes) and those of the triphenylbenzene skeleton (triphenylbenzenes).
- triaminobenzenes for example, 1, 3, 5-tris (N— (p-methylphenyl) 1 N— (1 naphthyl)) aminobenzene (p—MTPNAB) and 1, 3, 5—tris (N— (p-methylphenyl) 1 N— (4-biphenylyl) amino) benzene (p—MTPBAB) has been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-155754).
- These triaminobenzenes are reversible in redox and have relatively high glass transition points of 87 and 98, respectively, but they are still relatively high in performance as organic electronic functional materials. And durability may not be sufficient.
- 1,3,5-tris (diarylamino) benzenes are more stable in repeated redox than those known so far and have a higher glass transition temperature.
- these 1, 3, 5-tris (diallylamino) benzenes have the same chemical structure of their three diarylamino groups, that is, all the substituents of the three diarlumino groups are the same. It has a symmetric molecular structure and high crystallinity, and therefore has a high melting point.
- a high vapor deposition temperature is required. In doing so, there is a problem that 1,3,5-tris (diarylamino) benzenes are thermally decomposed.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems in conventional 1, 3, 5-tris (diarylamino) benzenes, while maintaining excellent characteristics as an organic electronic functional material.
- New 1, 3, 5-tris (diarylamino) benzenes capable of forming thin films by evaporation at low temperatures?
- the present invention further provides an organic electronic functional material comprising such 1,3,5-tris (diarylamino) benzenes, in particular, a hole injection and / or transport agent.
- R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3.
- a and B Do not have the same value of n.
- R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
- R and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
- an organic electronic functional material containing the 1,3,5-tris (diarylamino) benzene can be suitably used as, for example, a hole injection and / or transport agent. Therefore, according to the present invention, as a preferred embodiment, an organic electoating port having a hole injecting and / or transporting layer containing a hole injecting and / or transporting agent comprising the above 3,5-tris (diarylamino) benzenes.
- a luminescence device is provided. Brief Description of Drawings FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an organic electroluminescence element.
- Fig. 2 shows N, N, N ', N'-tetrakis (4' monomethyl 4-biphenylyl) mono N, one of the 1,3,5-tris (diarylamino) benzenes according to the present invention.
- ", N" One-bis (4-methylphenyl) benzene-1,3,5-triamine (compound (3)).
- FIG. 3 is a DSC chart of the above compound (3).
- FIG. 4 is a TGZDTA chart of the above compound (3).
- FIG. 5 is a CV chart of the compound (3).
- Fig. 6 shows N, N, N ', N'-tetrakis (4-biphenylyl), one N ", N", one of the 1,3,5-tris (diarylamino) benzenes according to the present invention.
- (4-methylphenyl) This is an infrared absorption spectrum of benzene-1,3,5-triamine (compound (4)).
- FIG. 7 is a D.SC chart of the above compound (4).
- FIG. 8 is a TGZDTA chart of the above compound (4).
- FIG. 9 is a CV chart of the above compound (4).
- novel 1,3,5-tris (diarylamino) benzenes according to the present invention have the general formula (I)
- R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a cyclohexane having 5 or 6 carbon atoms. Represents an alkyl group, and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3. However, A and B do not have the same value of n. )
- the aryl groups A and B represented by the general formula (II) are substituted with the above-mentioned alkyl group.
- a phenyl group which may have an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, a substituent on the phenyl group at the end, a biphenylyl group which may have the above alkyl group or an alkyl group on the terminal, and a substituent on the phenyl group at the terminal
- a terter which may have the above alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group which may have the above alkyl group or a terminal phenyl group, or a quater which may have the above alkyl group or cycloalkyl group as a substituent on a terminal phenyl group. quater) is a phenyl group.
- the aryl groups A and B may be groups having the opposite relationship with respect to the value of n.
- the aryl groups A and B may be groups having the opposite relationship with respect to the value of n.
- the aryl groups A and B are biphenyl groups, one of which may have the above substituents and the other of which may have the above substituents. It is preferable that .
- the group R is an alkyl group
- specific examples include, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, ptyl, A pentyl or hexyl group can be mentioned, and an alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms may be linear or branched.
- the cycloalkyl group is a cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl group.
- the group R is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. Good.
- R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- 1,3,5-Tris (Dialylamino) benzenes according to the present invention can be dehalogenated according to their structure by dehydrating 1 mol ( ⁇ , ⁇ -Dialyl) amino-3,5-dihalobenzene and 2 mol of diarylamine. It can be obtained by hydrogenation reaction. More specifically, for example, N, N, N ′, N ′ —tetrakis (4, 1-methyl-4-biphenyl) 1N ”, N” 1-bis (4 1-methylphenyl) benzene 1, 3, 5— Triamine
- (3) is a mixture of bis (N, N—4-methylphenyl) -1,5-diphenylamine (6) and bis (4,4) in the presence of a base in an inert gas atmosphere. It can be obtained by reacting methyl biphenyl) amine (7) in an organic solvent using a palladium catalyst.
- a base alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium t-butoxide, carbonates or bicarbonates of alkali metals such as sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate are used.
- a hydrocarbon solvent such as xylene, decalin, mesitylene, heptane or the like is preferably used.
- the reaction temperature is usually in the range of 100-130 ° C., and the reaction time is usually in the range of 5-30 hours.
- the reaction product is dissolved in an organic solvent, the catalyst is filtered off, the reaction product is separated and purified by column chromatography using an appropriate eluent, and then re-reacted from an appropriate organic solvent.
- a refined product can be obtained by crystallization. .
- the 1,3,5-tris (diarylamino) benzenes according to the present invention differ in the chemical structure of one di-lamino group from that of the other two di-lamino groups.
- the molecular structure is not perfectly symmetrical, so the melting point is relatively low, and as a result, at relatively low temperatures, with little or substantially no thermal decomposition, A thin film can be formed by vapor deposition.
- the thin film thus obtained is an amorphous film having no anisotropy because it does not show a clear na-peak even when analyzed by X-ray diffraction.
- 1,3,5-tris (diallylamino) benzenes according to the present invention, it is possible to form a stable amorphous film by itself, that is, without the aid of a binder resin, at a temperature above room temperature. Can do.
- this 1,3,5-Tris (Dialylamino) benzenes have excellent solubility in organic solvents.
- the 1,3,5-tris (diarylamino) benzenes according to the present invention can be suitably used as an organic electronic functional material containing the benzene in applications requiring heat resistance in various electronic devices.
- the organic electrification element has low voltage direct current drive, high efficiency, high brightness, and can be made thin, so that it can be used as a display device in addition to backlights and proof devices. In recent years, its practical application has been promoted.
- 1,3,5-tris (diarylamino) benzenes according to the present invention can be used as various organic electronic functional materials in organic electroluminescence devices. Can be.
- a hole injection layer that is used as a hole injection agent between the anode and the hole transport layer is a hole injection layer.
- a light emitting layer, or a hole injecting and transporting layer using this as a hole injecting and transporting agent between the anode and the light emitting layer is a hole injection layer.
- a hole injecting and transporting layer using this as a hole injecting and transporting agent between the anode and the light emitting layer to drive at a low voltage. It is possible to obtain a high-brightness organic electoluminescence device with excellent durability.
- the 1,3,5-tris (diarylamino) benzenes according to the present invention may of course be used as a hole injection and / or transport layer formed of a thin film by using a binder resin.
- 1,3,5-tris (diarylamino) benzenes according to the present invention can be used as a hole injecting agent for forming a hole injecting layer in an organic electroluminescence device, and thus have the same function. It can also be used as a hole transporting agent for forming a hole transporting layer comprising Further, in the organic electoluminescence device, when the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer are formed as a single layer, it can also be used as a hole injection transport agent.
- 1,3,5-tris (diallylamino) benzenes according to the present invention can be used as hole injection and / or transport agents, and such hole injection and Z or transport agents are Each can be used to form a hole injection and / or transport layer in an organic electoluminescence device.
- a transparent anode 2 made of ITO is adhered and laminated and supported on a transparent substrate 1 such as glass.
- a hole injection layer 3 a, a hole transport layer 3 b, a light emitting layer 4 and a metal or metal On the anode, a hole injection layer 3 a, a hole transport layer 3 b, a light emitting layer 4 and a metal or metal
- the cathode 5 made of a compound is laminated in this order.
- the anode and cathode are connected to an external power source 6. Therefore, in such an organic electoluminescence device, since holes are easily injected from the anode into the light emitting layer through the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer, the device can be driven at a low voltage. .
- Electrons are injected from the cathode into the light-emitting layer, and in this light-emitting layer, electrons injected from the cathode and holes injected from the anode recombine to generate light. Light emission is emitted outside through the transparent electrode (anode) and the transparent substrate.
- an electron transport layer may be laminated between the light emitting layer and the cathode, and it is possible to prevent excess holes from escaping to the cathode side. Therefore, a blocking layer may be provided.
- the laminated structure of the organic electoluminescence device is not particularly limited.
- the organic electoluminescence device comprises a hole injection and / or transport agent comprising the above-described hole injection and / or transport layer of 1,3,5-tris.
- a hole injection and / or transport agent comprising the above-described hole injection and / or transport layer of 1,3,5-tris.
- (Diarylamino) benzenes It has the feature in the point to include. Since 1,3,5-tris (diarylamino) benzenes according to the present invention can form an amorphous film by themselves, for example, they are vapor-deposited on the transparent electrode using a vacuum vapor deposition apparatus. A hole injection layer can be formed.
- the film thickness is usually in the range of 10 to 200 nm, and preferably in the range of 20 to 80 nm.
- the film thickness is usually in the range of 10 to 200 nm. Preferably, it is in the range of 20 to 8 O nm.
- a single layer hole injection and transport layer made of 1,3,5-tris (diarylamino) benzenes according to the present invention can be formed on the transparent electrode.
- the 1,3,5-tris (diarylamino) benzenes are dissolved in an appropriate organic solvent together with an appropriate binder resin as required, and this is dissolved in an appropriate means, for example, A hole injection and / or transport layer can also be formed by coating on the anode and drying by spin coating. Even in this case, the film thickness is the same as described above.
- the hole injection layer formed from 1,3,5-tris (diarylamino) benzenes according to the present invention it is made of a hole transporting agent such as NPD according to a conventional method.
- An organic electroluminescence device can be obtained by laminating a hole transport layer and further laminating a light emitting layer and a cathode thereon.
- organic electroluminescence can be obtained by laminating a hole transport layer made of tris (diarylamino) benzenes according to the present invention on an appropriately formed hole injection layer, and further laminating a light emitting layer and a cathode thereon.
- An element can be obtained.
- a layer other than the hole injection and / or transport layer composed of 1,3,5-tris (diallylamino) benzenes according to the present invention that is, a transparent substrate, a book Ordinary hole injection and Z or transport layers, anodes, light emitting layers, electron transport layers and electrodes combined with hole injection and / or transport layers according to the invention are used appropriately according to the known forces.
- a transparent electrode made of indium oxide-tin oxide (ITO) force is preferably used as the anode, and a single metal such as aluminum, magnesium, indium, silver, or an alloy thereof such as an A 1-Mg alloy is used as the cathode. Ag-Mg alloy, lithium fluoride, etc. are used, and a glass substrate is usually used as the transparent substrate.
- conventional hole transporting agents include conventionally known low molecular weight organic compounds such as ⁇ -NPD (4, 4, -bis ( ⁇ — (1 naphthyl) — ⁇ — (Phenylamino) biphenyl) and TPD (4, 4'-bis (3-methylphenyl) -l-phenylamino) biphenyl are used, and copper phthalocyanine and the like are used as normal hole injecting agents.
- the film thickness is usually in the range of 10 to 200 nm.
- tris (8-quinolinol) aluminum (AI q 3 ) is used for the organic light emitting layer, and the film thickness is usually in the range of 10 to 200 nm.
- the organic electoluminescence device includes an electron transport layer, the film thickness is usually in the range of 10 to 20 O nm.
- 1,3,5-tris (dialylamino) benzenes according to the present invention are not limited in their use, and the hole-injecting agent, hole-transporting agent, and host in the light-emitting layer in the organic electroluminescence device described above.
- the agent for example, it can also be suitably used for organic semiconductors in solar cells, charge transport materials in electrophotographic devices, and the like.
- the tris (diarylamino) benzenes according to the present invention are different in the chemical structure of the one diarylamino group, that is, the chemical structure of the other two diarylamino groups, that is, the substituent that it has.
- the glass transition temperature and decomposition temperature are high Regardless, because of the asymmetry of the molecular structure, the melting point is relatively low, and as a result, at relatively low temperatures, with little or substantially no thermal decomposition, the film can be deposited by evaporation. Can be formed.
- an organic electronic functional material having excellent heat resistance and stable performance can be obtained as a thin film.
- Example 1 The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
- Example 1
- DSC Differential scanning calorimetry: As shown in Fig. 3, the DSC chart has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 179 ° C and a melting point (Tm) of 327 ° C, indicating excellent heat resistance. In contrast, the compound (1) had a glass transition temperature of 103 and a melting point of 278 ° C., and the compound (2) had no glass transition temperature and a melting point of 408.
- the decomposition temperature is 478, indicating excellent heat resistance.
- the oxidation potential was 0.52V (vs Ag / Ag.
- it has good repetitive stability and reversibility of the redox process.
- compound (3) In order to obtain a deposition rate of 5 A / sec, compound (3) required 350 ° C, while compound (2) required a deposition temperature of 415 ° C. In addition, as seen in the TGZDTA chart of compound (3), at temperature 430 at which decomposition of compound (3) begins, it is higher than the above deposition temperature of 350 ° C. At the above deposition temperature, it does not appear to decompose substantially. In fact, when the deposition residue after deposition and after deposition was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, the compound (3) had a purity of 100.00% in both the deposition bottom residue before and after deposition. It was.
- DSC Differential scanning calorimetry
- the DSC chart has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 133 ° C and a melting point (Tm) of 308 ° C, indicating excellent heat resistance.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- Tm melting point
- the compound (1) has a glass transition temperature of 103 and a melting point of 278 ° C
- the compound (2) has no observed glass transition temperature and has a melting point of 408 ° C. Met.
- the decomposition temperature is 498 ° C, indicating that it has excellent heat resistance.
- the oxidation potential of the CV chart was 0.54V (vs Ag / Ag + ). It also has good repeatability and excellent reversibility of the redox process.
- a plate glass (manufactured by Yamato Vacuum Co., Ltd.) coated on one side was subjected to ultrasonic cleaning using acetone and steam cleaning using methanol, and then irradiated with ultraviolet light for 10 minutes using a low-pressure mercury lamp.
- copper phthalocyanine (CuPC) was deposited on each of the ITO coatings using a vacuum deposition apparatus to form a 20 nm-thick hole injection layer, and then compound (3) was deposited thereon. Evaporation was performed to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 1 Onm.
- a 75 nm thick light-emitting layer made of tris (8-quinolinol) aluminum (Al q 3 ) is formed on the hole transport layer, and a 0.5 nm thick lithium fluoride layer is further formed thereon.
- An aluminum layer having a thickness of 100 nm was sequentially deposited and formed to form a cathode, thus obtaining an organic electroluminescence element.
- the current efficiency at a current density of 2 SmAZcm 2 is 5.4 cd / A
- the energy efficiency is 3.41 m / W
- the brightness when driven at an initial brightness of 1000 cd / m 2 The luminance half-life indicated by the driving time until 1 ⁇ 2 becomes 1425 6 hours, and the maximum luminance was 33239 cd / m 2 .
- An organic electoluminescence device was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the compound (4) was deposited to form a 1 Onm thick hole transport layer.
- This organic-electric-luminescence element has a current efficiency of 5.2 cd / A at a current density of 25 mA no cm 2 , energy The Gee efficiency is 3.31 mZW, the luminance half-life is 15862 hours, and the maximum brightness is 32910 cd / m 2 , which is shown in the driving time until the luminance becomes 1 2 when driven at an initial luminance of 1000 cd / m 2 . It was. Comparative Example 1
- Example 2 an organic electoluminescence device was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that ⁇ -NPD was used as the hole transport agent.
- This organic-electric-luminescence element has a current efficiency of 4.0 c dZA at a current density of 25 mA / cm 2 , an energy efficiency of 2.2 i mZW, and an initial brightness of 1000 cd / m 2 to achieve brightness.
- the luminance half-life indicated by the driving time until 1/2 was 8019 hours, and the maximum luminance was 28710 cd / m 2 .
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP07715338A EP1995235B1 (en) | 2006-03-13 | 2007-03-08 | Novel 1,3,5-tris(diarylamino)benzenes and use thereof |
US12/282,266 US8029920B2 (en) | 2006-03-13 | 2007-03-08 | 1,3,5-tris(diarylamino)benzenes and use thereof |
KR1020087023465A KR101093849B1 (ko) | 2006-03-13 | 2007-03-08 | 신규의 1,3,5-트리스(디아릴아미노)벤젠류와 그 이용 |
CN2007800081628A CN101395125B (zh) | 2006-03-13 | 2007-03-08 | 新型的1,3,5-三(二芳氨基)苯类及其用途 |
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JP2006067768A JP4395483B2 (ja) | 2006-03-13 | 2006-03-13 | 新規な1,3,5−トリス(ジアリールアミノ)ベンゼン類とその利用 |
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EP (1) | EP1995235B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4395483B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101093849B1 (ja) |
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CN104356004A (zh) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-02-18 | 江苏三月光电科技有限公司 | 一种新型芳香类化合物的合成及其在oled器件上的应用 |
US9139522B2 (en) | 2008-10-17 | 2015-09-22 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Aromatic amine derivative and organic electroluminescent device using the same |
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JP5023598B2 (ja) * | 2005-08-26 | 2012-09-12 | 株式会社デンソー | 有機elパネルおよびその製造方法 |
JP4882444B2 (ja) | 2006-03-27 | 2012-02-22 | 株式会社デンソー | 有機el素子 |
JP2010056364A (ja) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-11 | Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc | 有機発光素子 |
EP2341043A1 (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2011-07-06 | Bando Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Novel 1,3,5-tris(diarylamino)benzene and use thereof |
WO2011086870A1 (ja) * | 2010-01-12 | 2011-07-21 | バンドー化学株式会社 | 新規な1,3,5−トリス(ジアリールアミノ)ベンゼン類とその利用 |
KR101627746B1 (ko) | 2013-05-27 | 2016-06-07 | 제일모직 주식회사 | 화합물, 이를 포함하는 유기발광소자 및 상기 유기발광소자를 포함하는 표시장치 |
CN109836339B (zh) * | 2019-04-09 | 2022-12-02 | 江苏三月科技股份有限公司 | 一种三芳胺类有机化合物及其应用 |
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KR101093849B1 (ko) | 2011-12-13 |
EP1995235B1 (en) | 2011-09-14 |
EP1995235A1 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
EP1995235A4 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
TW200738594A (en) | 2007-10-16 |
CN101395125A (zh) | 2009-03-25 |
KR20080104344A (ko) | 2008-12-02 |
US8029920B2 (en) | 2011-10-04 |
JP4395483B2 (ja) | 2010-01-06 |
JP2007246399A (ja) | 2007-09-27 |
CN101395125B (zh) | 2012-06-13 |
US20090058287A1 (en) | 2009-03-05 |
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