WO2007097663A9 - Procédés et dispositifs destinés au traitement thermique de métaux - Google Patents
Procédés et dispositifs destinés au traitement thermique de métauxInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007097663A9 WO2007097663A9 PCT/RU2007/000083 RU2007000083W WO2007097663A9 WO 2007097663 A9 WO2007097663 A9 WO 2007097663A9 RU 2007000083 W RU2007000083 W RU 2007000083W WO 2007097663 A9 WO2007097663 A9 WO 2007097663A9
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- air
- nozzle
- regenerative
- heating
- fuel
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D19/00—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium
- F28D19/04—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium using rigid bodies, e.g. mounted on a movable carrier
- F28D19/041—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium using rigid bodies, e.g. mounted on a movable carrier with axial flow through the intermediate heat-transfer medium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/08—Surface hardening with flames
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/52—Methods of heating with flames
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
- C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C1/00—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air
- F23C1/08—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air liquid and gaseous fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
- F23L15/02—Arrangements of regenerators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/06—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated
- F27B9/068—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated heated by radiant tubes, the tube being heated by a hot medium, e.g. hot gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
- F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
- F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor
- F27B9/2407—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor the conveyor being constituted by rollers (roller hearth furnace)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B9/36—Arrangements of heating devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
- F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0073—Seals
- F27D99/0076—Furnace car seals, i.e. seals used in continuous furnaces or kilns for preventing gas or heat exchange between heating chamber and the area comprising driving means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D17/00—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles
- F28D17/005—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles using granular particles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
- F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
- F27D2099/0053—Burner fed with preheated gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Definitions
- the group of inventions relates to metallurgy and mechanical engineering and can be used in the heat treatment of metals (melting, deformation heating, heat treatment) in direct (direct) heating flame furnaces heated by gaseous or liquid fuel, in which the products of fuel combustion come into contact with the heated material ( product), that is, with a charge, and in indirect flame furnaces, in which heat is transferred from the flame and combustion products to the heated material or product (charge) through metal wall of radiant tubes or crucibles.
- the invention can also be used for roasting, drying and other heat treatment of non-metallic products, such as ceramics.
- the disadvantage of this method is the loss of waste of a significant amount of the processed metal located in the working space of the furnace, due to the oxidizing atmosphere of the combustion products affecting the processed metal, since the working space where the metal is located is also the heated space of the furnace [decree. above V.F. Kopytov, pp. 5-6, 162-163].
- Medvedeva The study of oxidation and decarburization of steels in the products of natural gas combustion, a collection of metal heating and the operation of heating furnaces, collection of scientific books Mb, Metallurgizdat, Sverdlovsk Branch, 1960, p. 87, Fig. 6].
- decarburization can extend to a depth of up to 3.0 mm.
- Decarburization of the surface layers of steel products leads to a decrease in hardness, a decrease in resistance to cyclic loads and a deterioration in the cutting ability of the tool. Removing the decarburized layer in the finished products by continuous cleaning and grinding leads to physical loss of metal and an increase in the cost of production.
- the disadvantage is that when heating, for example, titanium alloys by the specified method, in addition to a significant waste of metal, there is a hydrogen entrapment of products to a considerable depth. So the hydrogen content in a sample with a diameter of 30 mm from a Ti-5Al-l, 7V alloy when heated for 10 hours in an electric furnace and a flame furnace heated by natural gas with an air excess coefficient ⁇ equal to 1.25, increases from 0.007% to 0.025%, then - yes, 3.6 times. [S.N. Khomov, M.A. Grigoriev, S.M. Shulkin, Encouraging titanium alloys when heated in flame furnaces, Light alloy technology, N ° 2, 1980, pp. 57–62].
- the method is based on burning a mixture of gaseous fuel and air, includes supplying fuel with subsequent incomplete combustion with primary air flow (excess) coefficients (Ot 1 equal to 0.30-0.40) above the intermediate chamber bottom
- the specified method comprises the operation, which consists in the fact that when incompletely burning 60-100% of the fuel above the intermediate hearth in the under-pod space of the final heating chamber and holding in the heating zone, only secondary air is supplied to the part of the burners, in the rest
- burners burn fuel with ⁇ equal to 1, O5 ⁇ 1Do, completely shut off in the burner holding zone, with incomplete burning above the intermediate hearth 10 ⁇ 60% of the fuel in the under-water space of the holding zone, completely burn the fuel with air flow (excess) coefficients close to stoichiometric values, and in the heating zone at
- the method includes supplying a jet of compressed air (primary fuel-air mixture) into the fuel volume (heated space) inside the fuel jet and mixing hot, that is, heated secondary air to the primary fuel-air mixture in the specified furnace volume, which
- the method includes feeding into the combustion volume of the air-fuel mixture and secondary air and burning them with excess air coefficients in the range of 0.75 ⁇ l, 5, while to the air-fuel mixture containing 0, l ⁇ 0.2 cubic meters of heated or unheated primary air per 1 MJ of fuel energy, secondary air is mixed at a temperature of 700 ⁇ 1400 ° C in an amount of 0, l ⁇ 0.2 cubic meters per 1 MJ of energy.
- the considered method with ⁇ equal to O, 75 ⁇ 1D ensures the production of a low-oxidizing environment in the combustion products, and with a equal to l, 0 ⁇ l, 5 provides an oxidizing environment.
- the choice of the type of medium in the furnace is determined by its need for processing the corresponding product.
- the disadvantages of this method in the case of its use for heat treatment of metal are due to the composition of the combustion products (when using an oxidizing medium, i.e.
- the metal being processed, located in the working space outside the radiation pipe is not in the atmosphere of the combustion products and is not exposed to fumes and / or hydrogen distillation. However, there is a burnout of the metal of the inner walls of the radiation pipe located in the heated
- Another variation of the prototype method is a method of heat treatment of metal in an indirect heating flame furnace, in which a mixture of fuel and heated air is burned in the heated space of a radiation pipe [I. M. Distergeft, G. M. Druzhinin, V. I. Shcherbinin, Experience VNIIMT in the development of regenerative diseases
- Burnout which occurs especially at elevated temperatures, leads to the loss of metal during its heat treatment, and the hydrogenation of metals, mainly non-ferrous (for example, titanium and its alloys), worsens the properties of these metals.
- the method includes at least three stages of heating (step heating): heating at low temperatures (to an intermediate temperature of 650-850 0 C) with holding at an intermediate temperature, heating at 335 high temperatures (that is, at temperatures higher than 85O 0 C) to the working temperature with holding at the working temperature.
- the specified well-known multi-stage method of heat treatment of metals can be used for indirect heating using muffles (for example, a radiation pipe or crucible).
- muffles for example, a radiation pipe or crucible.
- the objective of the invention is the first and second variants of the methods
- heat treatment of metal in a direct or indirect flame furnace heating with direct heating is a reduction in the waste of the processed metal and a decrease in the level of hydrogenation of the processed metals, including alloys of aluminum, titanium, iron, and with indirect heating, an increase in the service life of the muffle (radiation pipe, crucible),
- the object of the invention is to increase the productivity of the furnace and improve the quality of heat treatment of metal and non-metal products.
- high-temperature industrial direct heating furnaces mainly tunnel furnaces, used for firing, in particular, zirconia products [RF patent N ° 2099661], including supplying a stream of compressed air (primary fuel-air mixture) to the combustion chamber (heated space) and mixing
- the method is a method of burning fuel in a tunnel furnace
- 385 direct heating [RF patent N ° Ns 2166161], including the combustion of a mixture of fuel and air in a heated space (furnace volume) and the transfer of combustion products into the working space of the furnace.
- the method includes feeding into the combustion chamber a volume of air-borne air and secondary air and their combustion at excess air coefficients within
- the considered method with ⁇ equal to O, 75 ⁇ 1D ensures the production of a low-oxidizing environment in the combustion products, and with ⁇ equal to l, 0 ⁇ l, 5 provides an oxidizing environment.
- the choice of the type of medium in the furnace is determined by its need for processing the corresponding product. The method is used in the annealing of ceramic products and can
- the result of the limited speed of movement of the combustion products is also the uneven distribution of temperatures, both in the working space of the furnace and in the charge (subjected to heat treatment of products), which reduces the quality of heat treatment of products.
- the objective of the third variant of the invention is a method - a method of burning
- a mixture of liquid or gaseous fuel and heated air at a certain value of the coefficient of excess air is to increase the productivity of the furnace and improve the quality of heat treatment of metal and nonmetallic products, as well as reduce fumes, decarburization and hydrogenation of heated
- indirect heating uses regenerative flame furnaces equipped with appropriate heating devices for these furnaces.
- regenerators alternately heated by the products of combustion, and also alternately heating the air supplied to them, which flows further into the burners (two-cycle pulsed operation mode of the heating device of the flame furnace).
- the device contains connecting nozzles and channels with cross over (shut-off) valves, suitably connected to regenerators, burners, and a flue system.
- the stoichiometric ratio of the volumes of combusted gas fuel and heated air in the device ( ⁇ "1) is ensured by
- the metal to be treated When using the specified indirect heating device in a flame furnace, the metal to be treated is placed in the working space outside the radiation pipe, is not in the atmosphere of the combustion products, and is not
- the device is a device for heating a flame furnace with an open flame (direct heating) for non-oxidative heating of steel billets [above.
- regenerative nozzles in one cycle of the operation of a heating device of a flame furnace is a means for heating said heat transfer elements with hot combustion products, in another cycle a means for heating air with heat transfer elements heated in a previous cycle.
- the device contains a control and switching system
- 510 including channels with valves, appropriately connected to regenerative nozzles, burners, and a smoke exhauster, providing alternate movement of combustion products and air through regenerative nozzles, supplying heated air to at least one of the two burners, and exhausting combustion products, i.e., management system and
- the device includes a heated, it is the same working space (combustion chamber), operating in a two-cycle pulse mode, a regenerative burner for burning gas fuel in
- regenerative nozzles of heat transfer elements provide heating of the required amount of air per unit time to maintain the required coefficient of excess air.
- the regenerative nozzle in one operation cycle of the heating device of the flame furnace is a means for heating the heat transfer elements located in it 550 hot combustion products, after cooling in the nozzle leaving in the flue, in another cycle - a means for heating the air with heat transfer elements heated in the previous cycle.
- the device comprises a control and switching system, including channels and valves, configured to implement a regenerative nozzle
- the control and switching system provides in one cycle the movement through the regenerative nozzle of the combustion products from the pre-mixer chamber to heat the heat transfer elements of the nozzle, and the discharge of the cooled combustion products of this cycle into the gas duct, and in the other cycle, the flow through the regenerative nozzle to
- control and switching system is configured to perform cyclically variable functions by the regenerative nozzle.
- the objective of the invention is a device for heating a direct or indirect flame furnace according to the first embodiment, is to reduce the waste and the level of hydrogen pickup of metals during their heat treatment in flame furnaces (with direct heating of the charge) and increase the service life of the muffle (radiation pipe, crucible), reduce operational
- the device is a device for heating a direct flame heating furnace
- the specified device includes a heated space, which is also a working space for placing a heated metal, two burners for burning gas or liquid fuels mixed with
- 600 preheated air at a certain ratio of fuel and heated air, characterized by the corresponding value of the coefficient of excess air, a system for heating the air and supplying it to each burner in the required quantity, a channel for supplying gas or liquid fuel, a channel for outputting cooled combustion products, and
- $ 60 is also a control and switching system.
- the system for heating the air and supplying it to each burner in the required quantity includes a channel for supplying external air and two regenerative nozzles, each of which has an internal space with two input / output windows, filled with a layer of heat transfer elements of a certain volume.
- 610 regenerative nozzles in one cycle of the operation of the heating device of the flame furnace is a means for heating these heat transfer elements by hot combustion products, in another cycle, by means for heating air by heat transfer elements heated in the previous cycle.
- control and switching system is configured to carry out cyclically variable functions by burners and regenerative nozzles.
- control and switching system ensures in each cycle of the heating device of the flame furnace the connection of the gas or liquid fuel supply channel to one of the burners, the connection of the other burner to one of the input-output windows of the interior of one of the regenerative nozzles, the connection of the other from the input output windows of this
- the volume of the layer of heat transfer elements in the form of corundum balls filling the inner space of each regenerative nozzle determines the productivity by supplying heated air to each burner and the coefficient of excess air providing an oxidizing atmosphere in the heated space in which
- the disadvantage of the described prototype of the second and third variants of the invention is a device for heat treatment of metal in a direct flame heating furnace is the loss of a significant amount of metal into waste due to the oxidizing atmosphere of the combustion products ( ⁇
- 640 is approximately equal to 1) and hydrogen picking up metals.
- Another type of prototype device of the second and third embodiment of the invention is a metal heat treatment device in indirect flame furnace [I. M. Distergeft, G. M. Druzhinin, V. I. Shcherbinin, VNIIMT experience in the development of regenerative systems
- the specified device includes a heated space in the form of a radiation pipe with two burners for burning gas or liquid fuel in a mixture with pre-heated air at a certain ratio of fuel and heated air, characterized
- the heating system of air and supplying it to each burner in the required quantity the channel for supplying gas or liquid fuel, the channel for outputting cooled combustion products to the outside, as well as the control and switching system.
- 655 number includes an air supply channel and two regenerative nozzles, each of which has an internal space with two input-output windows, filled with a layer of heat transfer elements of a certain volume.
- Each of the regenerative nozzles in one cycle of the operation of the heating device of the flame furnace is a means for
- heating said heat transfer elements with hot combustion products in another cycle, means for heating air with heat transfer elements heated in the previous cycle.
- Each of the burners in one cycle of the device for heating the flame furnace performs the function of a burner, and in another cycle of the device for heating the flame furnace
- control and switching system is configured to carry out cyclically variable functions by burners and regenerative nozzles. Namely, the control and switching system provides in each cycle of operation of the heating device
- each regenerative nozzle determines the coefficient of excess air, providing an oxidizing atmosphere in the heated space inside the radiation pipe. Subjected to heat treatment, the metal is placed in the working space outside the radiation pipe.
- a device for heat treatment of metal in a flame indirect heating furnace is the presence of metal fumes of the walls of the radiation pipe located in the heated space of the indirect heating furnace, which reduces the life of the radiation pipe, increases operating costs and the cost of processing
- the result is a lower value of the convective component of heat transfer, an increased heating time of the processed metal and nonmetallic products, and reduced furnace productivity.
- the result of the limited velocity of the combustion products is also the uneven distribution
- the objective of the invention is the heating device of the flame furnace according to the second and third options is for direct heating furnace reduction 705 levels of waste and the level of hydrogenation of cages (processed metals), including alloys of aluminum, titanium, iron, and for an indirect heating furnace, increase the life of the radiation pipe (crucible), reduce operating costs and the cost of metal processing.
- the object of the invention is to increase the productivity of the furnace and
- regenerative flame furnaces for the heat treatment of metals heated by a combustible mixture of liquid or gaseous fuels and heated air
- regenerative nozzles are used, each of which includes an internal space with two input and output windows
- the design of the regenerative nozzles and the principles of their operation are the same for the known types of flame furnaces of direct and indirect heating.
- the regenerative nozzle is designed for two-cycle operation. In one cycle nozzle
- the nozzle 72Q is a means for heating the heat transfer elements with combustion products of the combusted mixture, and in another cycle, the nozzle is a means for heating the air with heat transfer elements.
- the input / output windows are connected through an appropriate switching system (flip,
- shut-off valves with a channel for supplying hot combustion products from the heated space of the flame furnace, a channel for discharging cooled combustion products, an air channel and a channel for supplying heated air to the burner.
- the regenerative nozzle in one cycle of operation carries out the function of a means for heating said heat transfer elements with combustion products, in another cycle it is a means for heating heated air
- the structural drawback of the regenerative nozzle under consideration, as well as the aforementioned nozzles, is the presence in its inner space of heat transfer elements in a certain volume, which ensures heating in the nozzle of the amount of air that
- the task of the group of inventions is three options regenerative nozzles for a flame furnace direct or indirect heating,
- heated by a mixture of liquid or gas fuel and heated air is to improve the quality of the metal subjected to heat treatment (cages) by reducing the waste of metal during its heat treatment in a flame furnace and reducing the level of hydrogen pickup of metals, including aluminum, titanium and iron alloys.
- the objective of the inventions - three options for regenerative nozzles for a flame furnace is to increase the productivity of the furnace and improve the quality of heat treatment of products.
- a method of heat treating metal in a direct or indirect heating flame furnace (the first variant of the method), based on burning a mixture of liquid or gaseous fuel and heated air at a certain value of the excess air coefficient, differs in that the said mixture of fuel and air is burned at a value
- a method of heat treatment of metal in a flame furnace of direct or indirect heating heating (second variant of the method), based on burning a mixture of liquid or gaseous fuel and heated air,
- the heat-treated metal to a working temperature is produced by increasing the coefficient of excess air to a value exceeding the value of 2.0 and which is mainly in the range up to 6.0, and exposure at operating temperature is carried out at a constant or variable
- heating heating (the first version of the furnace device), including a heated space with a window for the output of combustion products, at least one burner for burning gas or liquid fuel mixed with heated air at a certain ratio of fuel and heated air, characterized by the corresponding value of the coefficient
- the system for heating the air and supplying it to each burner in the required amount differs in that the system for heating the air and supplying it to each burner in the required amount is structurally designed to allow heating and supply of air in an amount that provides the value of the coefficient of excess air ,
- each of the burners in one cycle of operation of the heating device of the flame furnace, the burner functions, and in the other cycle, the functions of the window for removing combustion products from the heated space, characterized in that the inner space of each regenerative nozzle is filled with such a layer of heat transfer elements,
- V K « ⁇ - B b
- V is the volume of the layer of heat transfer elements filling the inner 880 space of the regenerative nozzle, m 3 ;
- K is the proportionality coefficient, depending on the type of fuel, the type and size of the heat transfer elements, the temperature of the air and combustion products in the input and output windows of the regenerative nozzle, the duration of the cycle of operation of the heating device of the flame furnace, h; 885 ⁇ - coefficient of excess air, selected depending on the desired heat treatment in a flame furnace, exceeding the value of 2.0 and set mainly in the range up to 6.0, dimensionless value;
- a heating device for a direct or indirect heating flame furnace including a heated space, two burners for burning gas or liquid fuel mixed with heated air at a certain ratio of fuel and heated air, characterized by the corresponding value
- each of the burners through a valve is connected to the gas or liquid fuel supply channel, and is also connected to one of input / output windows
- the other input / output window of each nozzle is connected to the air supply channel and to the exhaust duct through an individual three-way changeover valve for each nozzle or through a four-way change-over valve common to both nozzles, characterized in that the internal space of each
- V K - Ci - B b
- V is the volume of the layer of heat transfer elements filling the inner space of the regenerative nozzle, m 3 ;
- K - coefficient of proportionality depending on the type of fuel, type and size of heat transfer elements, air temperature and combustion products in the input-output windows of the regenerative nozzle, duration
- ⁇ is the coefficient of excess air, selected depending on the desired heat treatment in a flame furnace, in excess of 2.0 and set mainly in the range up to 6.0, dimensionless value;
- Regenerative nozzle of a direct or indirect heating flame furnace (the first version of the nozzle) heated by a combustible mixture of liquid or gaseous fuel and heated air at a certain ratio of fuel and heated air, characterized by
- V K - ⁇ “ Bi,
- V is the volume of the layer of heat transfer elements filling the inner space of the regenerative nozzle, m 3 ; 935 K - proportionality coefficient, depending on the type of fuel, type and size of heat transfer elements, air temperature and combustion products in the input-output windows of the regenerative nozzle, the duration of the cycle of operation of the heating device of the flame furnace, h; ⁇ is the coefficient of excess air, selected depending on 940 the required heat treatment in a flame furnace, in excess of 2.0 and set mainly in the range up to 6.0, dimensionless value;
- Regenerative nozzle of a direct or indirect heating flame furnace (second nozzle version) heated by a combustible mixture of liquid or gaseous fuel and heated air at a certain ratio of fuel and heated air characterized by the corresponding coefficient of excess air, including 950 internal space filled with mesh transmitting elements and connected with the sub-nozzle space below it, moreover, the specified internal space has in the upper part one input / output window, and the specified sub-nozzle space has another input / output window with a shut-off valve, characterized in that
- the interior space filled with heat transfer elements is made in the form of several at least two sections located one below the other, each of which, with the exception of the lowest section, is connected to the underlying section by means of an additional attachment space located between these sections, each of which
- each section of the internal space is filled with a certain volume by a layer of heat-transmitting elements, the total volume of which corresponds to the ratio:
- V max the total volume of layers of heat transfer elements of all sections of the inner space of the regenerative nozzle, m;
- K is the proportionality coefficient depending on the type of fuel, type and size of 970 heat transfer elements, air temperature and combustion products in the input and output windows of the regenerative nozzle, the duration of the operation cycle of the heating device of the flame furnace, h;
- ⁇ X max maximum coefficient of excess air of the regenerative nozzle, selected depending on the required heat treatment 975 in a flame furnace, exceeding the value 2.0 and installed mainly in the range up to 6.0, dimensionless value;
- Vi K ⁇ a 1 - Bi, 995
- Vj is the volume of the layer of heat transfer elements of the i-th section of the inner space of the regenerative nozzle, m 3 ; variable i and members K, B 1 are defined above.
- V max the total volume of layers of heat transfer elements of all the internal spaces of the regenerative nozzle, m 3 ;
- K is the proportionality coefficient, depending on the type of fuel, the type and size of the heat transfer elements, the temperature of the air and combustion products in the input and output windows of the regenerative nozzle, duration 1025 of the operation cycle of the heating device of the flame furnace, h; axis - the maximum coefficient of excess air of the regenerative nozzle, selected depending on the required heat treatment in a flame furnace, exceeding the value of 2.0 and installed mainly in the range up to 6.0, dimensionless
- ots - the selected value of the coefficient of excess air of the i-th internal 1040 space of the regenerative nozzle the value is dimensionless;
- i - serial number of the inner space of the regenerative nozzle takes values from 1 to p, and n is equal to the number of internal spaces of the regenerative nozzle; and the volume of the layer of heat transfer elements filling each of 1045 internal spaces corresponds to the ratio:
- Vj is the volume of the layer of heat transfer elements of the i-th internal
- 1110 pipes, crucibles provides an increase in the service life of muffles, as well as a corresponding reduction in operating costs and the cost of heat treatment of metals.
- IZO substitution by the proposed method of the known method of heat treatment of metals in electric furnaces.
- the second variant of the method of heat treatment of metals in a flame furnace of direct or indirect heating three-stage heating with a variable value of ⁇ ) in comparison with the one-stage first option (with a constant
- 1135 value ⁇ is more economical.
- the metal surface temperature when heated to an intermediate temperature, when the metal surface temperature is sufficiently low (for example, for steel no more than 650 ⁇ 800 ° C and the oxidation process is weak, it is impractical to increase the coefficient of excess air and spend
- the first version of a device for heating a direct or indirect heating flame furnace is the most common of the proposed devices, which makes it possible to solve the problem due to the fact that the heating system of air and supplying it to each burner in the required amount is structurally designed to allow heating and
- 1155 air supply in an amount providing a coefficient of excess air in excess of 2.0 and set mainly in the range up to 6.0.
- This option provides for the use of at least one burner in a flame furnace, the supply of heated air to which can be provided both by means of
- the second variant of the device for heating a flame furnace, direct or indirect heating corresponds to the optimal problem solving of the invention
- 1170 proposed methods of heating a flame furnace with an excess air coefficient ⁇ exceeding the value of 2.0 (mainly up to 6.0).
- the third embodiment of a device for heating a direct or indirect heating flame furnace corresponds to the design of a flame furnace, which includes two alternately burning
- the first version of the regenerative nozzle corresponds to the most common of the proposed designs of such nozzles, providing the implementation of the proposed methods of heating a direct flame furnace
- the second variant of the regenerative nozzle is the design of the regenerative nozzle with the placement of several
- the third option for the regenerative nozzle is the design
- the second and third variants of the regenerative nozzle can be used when implementing the second variant of the thermal method processing metals in a flame furnace direct or indirect heating, including three-stage heating with a variable value of ⁇ .
- FIG. L is a block diagram of a device for heating a direct heating flame furnace for implementing the first and second variants of the invention, a device with regenerative nozzles according to the first embodiment;
- figure 2 is a graph of the dependence of the burning of metal (ordinate axis, g / cm) on the coefficient of excess air ⁇ (abscissa axis, dimensionless value) at 1240 heating of samples of steel St 10;
- fig.Z is a graph of the concentration of oxygen O 2 , carbon dioxide CO 2 and water vapor H 2 O (ordinate axis,%) on the coefficient of excess air ⁇ (abscissa axis, dimensionless value);
- figure 4 is a graph of the dependence of the fume of metal (ordinate axis, g / cm) from 1245 coefficient of excess air ⁇ (abscissa axis, dimensionless value) when heating samples of titanium alloy Ti - 6 Al - 4V;
- 5 is a graph of the volume of heat transfer elements of the
- FIG. 6 is a simplified block diagram of a device for heating a direct heating flame furnace according to the third embodiment, with two burners, two regenerative nozzles, each of which is made according to the first
- FIG. 1255 variant of the regenerative nozzle, and a four-way change-over valve in the switching system is a diagram of a regenerative nozzle according to its second embodiment with sequential placement and interconnection of sections of the inner space of the regenerative nozzle for operation at 1260 different coefficients of excess air ⁇ that change during operation;
- Fig. 8 is a diagram of a regenerative nozzle according to a third embodiment with parallel arrangement of internal spaces of the regenerative nozzle for operation at various air excess coefficients ⁇ that vary during operation.
- Fig.9 a device for heating an indirect flame furnace with a radiation pipe; figure 10 - device for heating a flame furnace indirect heating with a crucible; 11 - the left part of the experimental setup for 1270 implementation of the proposed method; Fig - the right part of the experimental setup for implementing the proposed method.
- the furnace 1 shown in FIG. 1 for heat (thermal) metal processing with a constant value of the excess air coefficient that is not changed during the heat treatment corresponds to the first and second versions of a heating device for a direct heating flame furnace, including two burners, two regenerative nozzles, each of which 1280 is made according to the first embodiment of the regenerative nozzle, and two three-way change-over valves in the control and switching system.
- the furnace 1 is placed on the foundation 2 and contains a heating device, including a heated (it is also working) space 3, in which a platform (hearth) 5 with heat-treated metal 6 is placed on the wheels (rails) or rollers 4.
- the furnace 1 can be loaded for heat treatment of products from ferrous or non-ferrous metals and their alloys.
- the heating device contains burners located in the masonry of the furnace 1: the first burner 8 on the left, the second burner on the right 9. Each burner (8, 9) contains burner stone (respectively, 10, 11), ignition device (in the drawing
- 1300 is the source of the burner flame, and when the burner is off, it acts as a window for removing hot combustion products from the working (heated) space 3 of furnace 1.
- Each of the nozzles 19, 20 is made in the form of a lined chamber with an inner space 21, 22 filled with heat transfer elements, for example, in the form of a layer of corundum or metal balls.
- the inner space 21, 22 of each nozzle 19, 20 has an upper input-output window 23, 24 and a lower input-output window 25, 26.
- each nozzle 19 (20) Heat transfer elements in the inner space 21 (22) of each nozzle 19 (20) are laid on a grate, under which there is a nozzle space with a lower input-output window 25 (26).
- Each of the regenerative nozzles shown in FIG. 19 (20) relates to the first embodiment of the nozzle as an invention. She is done
- 1315 is structurally such that it contains in its inner space 21 (22) a volume of heat transfer elements corresponding to the invention, which provides the required coefficient of excess air greater than 2.0 and which is mainly in the range of up to 6.0. In these nozzles (19, 20) no means are provided for changing the indicated volume
- Each of the nozzles 19, 20 is, in one cycle of the operation of the heating device of the flame furnace, a means for heating the heat transfer elements, in particular corundum balls, with hot combustion products, in
- the upper input-output window 23 (24) of the nozzle 19 (20) is connected via a channel 27 (28) to the channel 12 (13) of the burner 8 (9) and through this channel to the exit window 17 (18) ) burners 8 (9).
- nozzles 19 (20) are connected via a branch pipe 29 (30) through a controlled three-way valve 31 (32) to the supply channel 33 from outside the "cold”, unheated air (air source, fan not shown), and to the channel 34 of the output of chilled products combustion connected to a smoke exhauster and a chimney (not shown in the drawing).
- the shutoff valve 14 has two states - open and closed. In the open state, the valve 14 (15) provides the supply of gaseous fuel from the channel 16 to the burner 8 (9), in the closed state, the valve 14 (15) stops the supply of fuel to the burner, while simultaneously preventing the output of the burner 8 (9) entering the window 17 (18) ) combustion products from
- the three-way changeover valve 31 (32) also has two states - the first and second. In the first state, valve 31 (32) provides a connection
- valve 31 (32) provides the connection of the lower input-output window 25 (26) of the nozzle 19 (20) through the pipe 29 (30) with the channel 33 for supplying cold air nozzles 19, 20.
- a window 35 (36) is provided in the lower part of each nozzle, and in
- each nozzle has a hatch 37 (38) for filling new heat transfer elements.
- Removing or filling the heat transfer elements with the help of hatches 37 (38) and windows 35 (36) requires a time of the order of 20-30 minutes and is usually carried out usually when the furnace 1 is serviced in the interval between metal heat treatment operations.
- control unit 39 To control the operation of the heating device of the furnace 1 there is a control unit 39, the outputs 40, 41, 42 and 43 of which are connected to the control inputs of the valves, respectively, 31, 14, 15 and 32. To ensure ignition synchronous with the fuel supply to the burners 8, 9 a mixture of fuel and heated air, the control unit 39 has corresponding connections with
- the control unit 39 sets the cyclical operation of the burners 8, 9 and regenerative nozzles 19, 20.
- the system for heating the air and supplying it to the burner 8 (9) in the required quantity in this case includes a channel 33 for supplying external air,
- the control and switching system of the heating device of the flame furnace according to the second embodiment includes a control unit 39 and
- each of these regenerative nozzles is implemented in one operation cycle of the heating device of the flame furnace 1 as a means for heating the heat transfer elements with hot combustion products, in another cycle, the functions of the means for heating the air heated in the previous cycle
- each of the burners in one cycle of operation of the heating device of the flame furnace 1 of the burner function is also ensured, and in another cycle - the function of the window of the output of combustion products from the heated space.
- the required volume of a layer of corundum balls, filled in the inner space 21, 22 of each nozzle 19, 20, corresponds to the ratio:
- V K - ⁇ - Bi, (1)
- V is the volume of the layer of heat transfer elements filling the inner space of the regenerative nozzle, m 3 ;
- K - proportionality coefficient depending on the type of fuel, type and size of heat transfer elements, air temperature and combustion products in the input and output windows of the regenerative nozzle, the duration of the cycle of operation of the heating device of the flame furnace, h;
- ⁇ is the coefficient of excess air, selected depending on 1435 the required heat treatment in a flame furnace, in excess of 2.0 and set mainly in the range up to 6.0, dimensionless value;
- the temperature of the combustion products cooled in the nozzle 19 (20) is 900 ⁇ 1450 ° C in the upper input-output window 23 (24) and 200 0 C in the lower input-output window 25 (26) of this nozzle 19 (20);
- the duration of the operation cycle of the heating device of the flame furnace is equal to the length of time during which a stream of heated air passes through one of the regenerative nozzles (for example, 20), directed to one of the burners (9, respectively), in which this air
- combustion products are discharged, which pass through another regenerative nozzle (19), heating its heat transfer elements, after which the cooled combustion products are fed into the flue system (channel 33 )
- the temperature in the heated space 3 is practically equal to the temperature of the combustion products in the upper input / output window 23 (24) of the nozzle 19 (20) due to the direct transfer of combustion products from the heated space 3 to nozzle 19 (20) through burner 8 (9) and short channel 27 (28).
- the temperature of the combustion products at the entrance to the regenerative nozzle may be correspondingly lower than the temperature in the heated space of the furnace (not shown in the drawings).
- output windows of the regenerative nozzle and the duration of the operation cycle of the heating device of the flame furnace are made taking into account the available data [for example, I.M.Distergeft, G.M. Druzhinin, V.I.Sherbinin, VNIIMT experience in the development of regenerative heating systems for metallurgical units, Steel, 2000, N ° 7, p. 86].
- the graph of figure 5 shows the values of the volumes of heat transfer elements for various values of B 1 and ⁇ .
- the volume of the layer of heat transfer elements V is 0.232 m 3 .
- the desired volume V is 0.46 m 3 .
- the volume V of the layer of heat transfer elements is the working (useful) volume of the regenerative nozzle 19 (20) and includes in this case both the volume of the heat transfer elements themselves and the gaps between them.
- the desired volume of heat transfer elements is 0.116 m 3 .
- the volume of the layer of heat transfer elements V is equal to the product of the cross-sectional area of the inner space of the regenerative
- S is the cross-sectional area of the inner space of 1515 regenerative nozzles, m 2 ;
- H is the height of the layer of heat transfer elements in the inner space of the regenerative nozzle, m
- the required height of the layer of heat transfer elements is determined by the ratio:
- the height H of the layer of balls is limited to a value of 0.6 ⁇ 0.7 m, performing a lined nozzle chamber with an enlarged cross section S, which corresponds to the ratio:
- Relations (3), (4) are analogues of relation (1) and are used, if necessary, instead of relation (1) when calculating the volume of the layer of heat transfer elements in nozzles 19 (20) through the parameters
- Determination of the required cross-sectional area S of the regenerative nozzle and the height H of the layer of heat transfer elements is made taking into account their influence on the characteristics of the regenerative nozzle [I.M.Disterheft et al., Regenerative heating systems for
- the 1550 to the ratio (1) is made depending on the fuel consumption B 1 , that is, on the amount of fuel supplied to the burner 8 (9) unit of time.
- the flow rate of air supplied to the regenerative nozzle 19 (20) depends on the type and amount of fuel burned by the burner per unit time and determined in a known manner. In case of use as
- the volume V of the layer of heat transfer elements located in the regenerative nozzle 19 (20) is determined by the ratio (1) for the maximum required value of ⁇ , equal in this case to 4.5.
- the volume of heat transfer elements can be provided, for example, by changing the amount of air supplied per unit time to the regenerative nozzle (19, 20) through channel 33 using an appropriate controller or fan with a thyristor converter (not shown in the drawings).
- Fig. 7 shows the implementation and inclusion in the heating device of the flame furnace of Fig. 1 of the regenerative nozzle 44, made according to the second embodiment of the nozzle, providing the ability to adjust the value.
- the coefficient of excess air directly in the process of heat treatment of metal (the second option of the proposed method of heat
- the regenerative nozzle 44 of FIG. 7 is included in the heating device similarly to the nozzle 19 (FIG. 1).
- the regenerative nozzle 44 (Fig. 7) contains three sections of 45, 46 and 47 of the internal space of this nozzle filled with heat transfer elements located one below the other, so that the full (maximum) 1585 the inner space of the nozzle 44 are all three of these sections.
- the upper section 45 and the middle section 46 are interconnected by an additional nozzle space 48.
- the middle section 46 and the lower section 47 are also interconnected by an additional nozzle space 49.
- the lower section 47 has its own
- Each nozzle space 48, 49 and 50 has its own input / output window, 51, 52 and 53, respectively, provided, in turn, with a corresponding shut-off valve 54, 55 and 56.
- the upper input / output window of the upper section 45 is
- the input-output windows 51 ⁇ 53 of the nozzle spaces 48 ⁇ 50 with their shut-off valves 54 ⁇ 56 are the input-output windows of the nozzle 44.
- the common point plays the role of the generalized lower input-output window 58 of the nozzle 44 interconnecting pipelines 59, 60 and 61, coming from the shut-off
- the input 62 of the three-way valve 31, in accordance with Fig. 1, is connected to the output 40 of the control unit 39.
- the upper input-output window 57 of the nozzle 44 (Fig. 7) is connected via a channel 27 to a channel 12 of the burner 8 and through this channel to an outlet
- Each of the sections 45, 46, 47 of the internal space of the nozzle 44 is filled with a certain volume by a layer of heat transfer elements, the total volume of which corresponds to the ratio:
- V max K • ⁇ max • B 1 , (5)
- V max the total volume of layers of heat transfer elements of all sections of the inner space of the regenerative nozzle 44, m;
- 1625 nozzles 44 selected depending on the desired heat treatment in a flame furnace, exceeding a value of 2.0 and installed mainly in the range up to 6.0, dimensionless value;
- OCj is the selected value of the coefficient of excess air of the i-th section of the inner space of the regenerative nozzle 44, the value is dimensionless; i - serial number of the regenerative internal space section
- V the volume of the layer of heat transfer elements of the i-th section of the inner
- shut-off valves 54 ⁇ 56 are 1655 shut-off valves 54 ⁇ 56. These valves can be switched manually or can be included in the control system (not shown in the drawings).
- the volumes of heat transfer elements in sections 45 ⁇ 47 of the regenerative nozzle 44 depend on the required parameters of the metal heat treatment mode and the values of the number of nozzle sections set for its implementation
- K 0.00097 h
- B 1 40 m 3 / h.
- a three-section regenerative nozzle 44 can be used with its parameters listed below.
- the maximum value of the coefficient ⁇ max is 6.5 for the nozzle 44 as a whole, taking into account relation (6).
- the volumes of heat transfer elements of each of the three sections 45 ⁇ 47 and the entire internal space of the nozzle 44 as a whole in accordance with the relations (7) and (5) are equal to:
- 1690 Regenerative nozzle 63 (Fig. 8) is made according to the third embodiment of the nozzle, which also provides the ability to adjust the coefficient of excess air directly during the heat treatment of the metal when implementing the second variant of the proposed method of heat treatment of metal. Nozzle 63 is also included in the heating device
- the regenerative nozzle 63 of FIG. 8 contains three inner spaces 64, 65 and 66 arranged adjacent to each other by heat transfer elements. Each of the inner spaces 64, 65, 66 has its own gas tight lined with refractory brick
- each nozzle space 67, 68 and 69 has its own input / output window, respectively, 70, 71 and 72, equipped, in turn, with a corresponding shut-off valve 73, 74 and 75 (window 72 and
- valve 75 is not visible in FIG. 8).
- Full (maximum) internal the nozzle space 63 is made up of all three of the indicated internal spaces 64 ⁇ 66.
- the upper input-output windows 76, 77 and 78 of the internal spaces, respectively, 64, 65 and 66 are connected to the upper input-output
- the outlet window 79 of the nozzle 63 is the input-output windows 70 ⁇ 72 of the nozzle spaces 67 ⁇ 69 with their shut-off valves 73 ⁇ 75 are the input-output windows of the nozzle 63.
- the role of the generalized lower input-output window 80 of the nozzle 63 is performed by a common connection point pipelines 81, 82 and 83 (the latter in FIG.
- the inlet 62 of the changeover valve 31, in accordance with FIG. 1, is connected to the output 40 of the control unit 39.
- the upper input-output window 79 of the nozzle 63 is connected via a channel 27 to a channel 12 of the burner 8 and through this channel to an exit window 17
- Each of the internal spaces 64, 65, 66 of the nozzle 63 is filled with a certain volume by a layer of heat transfer elements, the total volume of which corresponds to the ratio:
- V max K. ⁇ max - B b (8)
- Vsh ah the total volume of layers of heat transfer elements of all the internal spaces of the regenerative nozzle 63, m 3 ; 1740 K - proportionality coefficient, depending on the type of fuel, type and size of heat transfer elements, air temperature and combustion products in the input and output windows of the regenerative nozzle, the duration of the operation cycle of the heating device of the flame furnace, h; axis - the maximum coefficient of excess air of regenerative 1745 nozzle 63, selected depending on the required heat treatment in a flame furnace, exceeding the value 2.0 and installed mainly in the range up to 6.0, dimensionless value;
- the volume of the layer of heat transfer elements filling each of the internal spaces 64, 65, 66 of the nozzle 63 corresponds to the ratio:
- Vj is the volume of the layer of heat transfer elements of the i-th internal space of the regenerative nozzle 63, m 3 ;
- variable i and members K, B 1 are defined above, in the explanations to
- regenerative nozzle 63 can be used with its parameters indicated below.
- the nozzle 63 uses
- the maximum value of the coefficient ⁇ max is 6.5 for the nozzle 63 as a whole
- the sections of the regenerative nozzle 44 and the internal spaces of the nozzle 63 can be made in one housing common to each nozzle or in
- Each of the regenerative nozzles 44, 63 can be used in the heating device of the furnace 1 (FIG. 1) instead of the nozzle 19 (20) shown in FIG. 1 connected to the burner 8 (9).
- Regenerative nozzles 19, 20, 44, 63 can be integrated into the furnace body 1, as shown in Fig. L, or can be made separately from the furnace body 1 (not shown in the drawings).
- Regenerative nozzles 19, 20 can be replaced by one rotating regenerative nozzle [Furnaces for metal heating, ed. N.N.
- the rotating regenerative nozzle is made separately from the furnace body 1 and has at least two sections, each of which performs the function of one of the nozzles 19, 20. In one section of the rotating nozzle
- FIG. 6 shows a simplified block diagram of a device for heating a direct-burning flame furnace according to a third embodiment with two burners, two regenerative nozzles and a four-way valve 136 in the control and switching system.
- Valve 136 contains four inlet-outlets 137, 138, 138 and l40 and a damper that accepts two operating positions.
- the damper connects the inputs / outputs 137-138 and 139-140 of the four-way valve 136 in pairs, and at position 142 (dashed), the damper connects the valve inputs and outputs 140-137 and 138-139 of the valve 136 in pairs. - the output 137 of the valve 136 through the pipe 29 is connected to the lower input-output window 25 of the nozzle 19. Inlet-outlet
- valve 136 is connected to a channel 34 for output of cooled products of combustion from nozzles 19 (20).
- the inlet-outlet 139 of the valve 136 through the pipe 30 is connected to the lower input-output window 26 of the nozzle 20.
- the inlet-outlet 140 of the valve 136 is connected to the channel 33 for supplying the nozzles 19, 20 of cold air.
- the control unit 39 in Fig.6 is not shown, but with the considered design
- any of the variants of the proposed heating device may be a heating device of a flame furnace indirect
- FIG.9 shows the implementation of the furnace 1 (Fig.l) with indirect heating.
- the exit windows 17 (18) of the burners 8, 9 are connected to the radiation pipe 143, the interior of which is the heated space 144 of the furnace 1.
- the radiation pipe 143 is located in the working space 145 of the furnace 1, at
- the radiation pipe 143 may have one or more U-shaped bends (not shown in the drawings). shown).
- Figure 10 shows a diagram of the implementation of the furnace 1, shown in figure 6, but with indirect heating. Moreover, in the heated burners 8, 9
- each regenerative nozzle 19 or 20 (44, 63) provides the supply of heated
- each of the nozzles 19, 20 can be designed to supply heated air simultaneously to several burners located near this nozzle on one side of the furnace 1 (not shown in the drawing).
- 1875 of such burners depends on the thermal power of an individual burner of the selected type and is determined by the required parameters of the designed furnace for heat treatment of metal.
- the burner unit (heating device module) can be made in another form, for example, with the location of both burners and both
- the burner unit according to the first embodiment of the invention may contain only one burner and one regenerative nozzle (according to any of its proposed variants) with an appropriate control system and
- the furnace 1 may have several of the burner blocks described above (not shown in the 1900 drawings).
- furnace variants are also possible (not shown in the drawings): when the furnace is narrow, all burner blocks can be located on one side of the furnace; 1905; if the furnace is wide, the burner blocks can be located on both sides of the furnace, staggered or strictly opposite each other; in a very wide furnace, it is possible to arrange the burners on a flat arch or, if the arch is not flat, then on the arched clamps (the so-called end heating); 1910 when two-sided heating is required, for example, a sheet of metal moving on rollers, the burners can be located above and below the specified metal being processed (one regenerative nozzle serves two burners on one side of the furnace, which are located above and below the metal being processed); 1915 the burner stone may be perpendicular to the furnace wall or at an angle; the burner stone may be parallel to the metal being machined or at an angle to it; from the regenerative nozzle one channel can go out to one burner 1920 or several burners at once, but several channels can go out, each to its own burner; regenerative
- the above-described versions of the burner block, regenerative 1925 nozzles and switching systems can be used in the implementation of the first, second and third versions of the device for heating a flame furnace.
- valves 14, 15, 31, 32, 44, 136 are used solenoid valves.
- a device is used for pre-heating the fuel, which reduces its consumption (not shown in the drawing).
- liquid fuel for example, fuel oil or water-oil fuel (dispersed system, prepared mechanically based on fuel oil and water), as well as artificial composite fuel, which is also a dispersed fuel system of a colloidal type, created on the basis of 1940 coal any brand, water and additives that give the desired properties to the fuel [RF patent JNb 2144059 from 01/10/2000].
- Figure l shows and describes the hearth furnace for heating metal under deformation.
- the proposed variants of the invention can also be applied in chamber and passage furnaces of rolling 1945 production, in smelters, kilns, open-hearth furnaces, glass melting furnaces, and in heating wells.
- On the hearth 5 of the furnace 1 can be placed subjected to heat treatment of non-metallic products.
- 11 and 12 show a diagram of the experimental setup, which is a combined (gas-electric) furnace for thermal 1950 processing of metals, their alloys, as well as non-metallic products, including a heated workspace for placing workpieces with windows for input and output of fuel combustion products into it, a window for input of combustion products is connected to the output of the high-temperature combustion chamber, the input of which is connected to the output
- the experimental setup of FIG. 12, contains an electric furnace 84 (FIG. 12) with silicon carbide heaters and a maximum operating temperature of 1400 ° C, a high-temperature combustion chamber 109, a gas preparation system, and a control and regulation system (FIG. 12,).
- Furnace 84 has a contactless control unit (not shown in the drawings).
- the gas preparation system and the control and regulation system are a variant of the design of the system for supplying a mixture of air and fuel to the high-temperature combustion chamber 109, which is made possible to supply air and fuel to
- a muffle 86 made of quartz glass, the inner cavity of which
- the rear end 87 of the muffle 86 is sealed, the front end 88 is equipped with a plug (plug) 89 with the terminals 90 of the contact thermocouple 95 and the gas supply pipe 91.
- the gas supply pipe 91 for introducing combustion products into the muffle 86 is also made of quartz glass and
- Turbulator 94 is designed to provide constant conditions of external heat transfer along sample 93.
- a control thermocouple 95 is attached to the holder tube 91 below, the junction of which is located directly on
- the gas supply pipe 91 interferes with the flow of combustion products of a mixture of air and natural gas through it to the rear end 87 of the muffle 86, where the combustion products are reversed, pass through a turbulator 94, a metal sample 93 is wound around and exit the muffle 86 through
- the gas outlet pipe 96 is connected to a gas line 99 provided with a shutoff valve 100 and a first gas discharge candle 101.
- the electric furnace 84 is also equipped with a regulating thermocouple 97 graduation ⁇ 30 / 6 (B), which has conclusions 98.
- the gas preparation system (Fig. 11) is designed to prepare and supply to the muffle 86 of the furnace 84 combustion products of a mixture of air and natural gas for heating the sample 93, as well as to supply argon to purge the muffle 86 before and after heating the sample 93.
- the gas preparation system includes line 102 of natural gas low pressure, through which
- the pipe 103 is connected in series with a shut-off valve 104, a natural gas flow meter 105 (rotameter), a shut-off valve 106 and a flow meter of a mixture of air and natural gas 107, the output of which is connected to the input 108 of the high-temperature combustion chamber 109 with a platinum catalyst and an electric heater.
- the air supply line includes (Fig. 11) a cylinder 110 with compressed air through the shut-off valve 111 connected in series, a pressure regulator of compressed air 112 and an air flow meter 113 (rotameter) connected to the inlet 114 of the shut-off valve 106. From the inlet 114 of the valve 106 gas line 115, through a shutoff valve 116 connected to
- the supply lines of natural gas and air in front of the flow meters 105, 113 are connected to the stabilizer 118 air pressure and natural gas (barbator).
- the output 119 of the high-temperature combustion chamber 109 through a heated gas line 120 is connected to a gas supply pipe 91, partially located in
- the argon supply line (Fig. 11) contains a cylinder 121 with argon through a shut-off valve 122 connected to the input 123 of the flow meter 107 connected to the input of the high-temperature combustion chamber 109.
- the control and regulation system includes a sensor
- control and regulation system includes a microcontroller 125 (personal
- Alpha indicator 126 is a thermostat with a temperature of 800 ⁇ 810 ° C, inside of which there is a platinum catalyst and an electrochemical sensor
- the gas-air mixture is first supplied to the catalyst, where it reacts to an equilibrium state, and then to the electrochemical sensor, the signal of which depends on the concentration of oxygen in the combustion products.
- the microcontroller 125 is connected by a communication line 129 to the terminals 90 of the thermocouple 95, a communication line 130 to the output of the indicator 126 of the air flow coefficient and a communication line 131 to the terminals 98 of the thermocouple 97.
- Analog-to-digital converters are used in the indicated communication lines (not shown in the drawing) .
- the input of the indicator 126 of the air flow coefficient is connected by a gas line 132 to the input 114 of the shut-off valve 106.
- the input of the gas chromatograph 127 by means of gas pipelines 133 and 115 is also connected to the inlet 114 of the valve 106, and the gas pipe 134 and the gas pipe 99 is connected to the exhaust pipe 96 of the muffle 86. With the same pipe 96 is connected
- 2050 is a U-shaped pressure gauge (pressure sensor 124), and to maintain excess pressure there is a valve 100 on the second candle 101.
- this system includes, in particular, the above-mentioned connected means of measuring and regulating gas and air flows, such as flow meters of natural gas 105, air FROM, mixtures air and natural gas 107, indicator 126 air flow rate,
- the heating device of the flame furnace works, and the method of thermal processing of metal 2070 in a flame furnace of direct or indirect heating (or a method of burning a mixture of fuel and heated air in a flame furnace of direct or indirect heating) is carried out as follows.
- Example 1 On the hearth 5 of furnace 1 (Fig. 1), articles from a titanium alloy Ti - 6 Al - 4V are placed. We believe that the furnace 1 is in working condition,
- the heat transfer elements in the inner space 22 of the regenerative nozzle 20 are heated by the combustion products passing through this nozzle in the previous cycle of its operation.
- the two-way shut-off valve 14 is closed, the two-way shut-off valve 15 is open,
- rocker valve 31 is in the first state, rocker valve 32 - in the second state.
- Gaseous fuel enters the burner 9 through the channel 16 through the open valve 15, and heated air from the nozzle 20 enters the nozzle 20 from the external cold air supply channel 33 through the valve 32, the nozzle 30, and the lower window 26 of this nozzle through the channel 28.
- the output window 18 of the burner 9 acts a flame from burning in it a mixture of fuel and heated air. Hot combustion products move through the heated space 3, heating the metal 6, to the exit window 17 of the burner 8, which acts as a window for the output of combustion products from space 3. Through the channel 27, the hot combustion products enter the internal
- the furnace When using the furnace 1 in the embodiment with a four-way valve (Fig. 6), the furnace operates in the same way as described, except that instead of the two-way valves 31 and 32, a four-way change-over valve 136. is used.
- valve 15 heating the flame furnace valve 14 is closed, valve 15 is open, the valve flap 136 is in position 141.
- the directions of movement of fuel, air and combustion products in this cycle are shown by the corresponding arrows in Fig.6.
- the furnace operates as described, taking into account the presence of shut-off valves 54, 55, 56. With the valves 54, 55 turned off and the valve 56 turned on, the directions of movement of fuel, air and combustion products in this cycle are shown corresponding arrows in Fig.7.
- 2120 regenerative nozzles are carried out as described above. The only difference is that in the indirect heating furnace with a radiation pipe 143 (Fig. 9), the combustion products pass through the heated space 144 of the radiation pipe 143, without getting into the working space 145 of the furnace 1, where the processed metal 6 is placed, and in the indirect furnace
- control unit 39 puts the valve 14 in the open state, the valve 15 - in
- valve 2130 is a closed state, valve 31 is placed in a second state, and valve 32 is in a first state.
- this burner 9 is turned off, the burner 8 is turned on.
- gaseous fuel enters burner 8 through channel 16, and heated air from nozzle 19 enters nozzle 19 from external cold air supply channel 33 through channel 27
- valves 54, 55, 56 With the valves 54, 55 turned off and the valve 56 turned on, the directions of movement of fuel, air and combustion products in this cycle are opposite to the arrows shown in Fig. 7.
- regenerative nozzle 63 in the furnace 1 with three internal spaces 64, 65, 66 (Fig. 8) and with directional valves 73, 74, 75 turned on
- 2170 heat transfer elements located in each nozzle corresponds to the above ratio (1).
- the consumption of natural gas amounted to 80 m / h, the volume of heat transferring elements - 0.464 m 3 .
- the temperature of the cold air supplied to the regenerative nozzles 19, 20 is 20 ⁇ 25 ° C.
- the temperature of the heated air is 1050 0 C.
- the fume of the titanium alloy Ti - 6 Al - 4V is 0.082 g / cm 2 (Fig. 4).
- the specified flame furnace can work with a larger coefficient of excess air, in particular, equal to 6.0 ⁇ 6.5, at temperatures in the furnace 800 ⁇ 1600 ° C.
- a larger coefficient of excess air in particular, equal to 6.0 ⁇ 6.5, at temperatures in the furnace 800 ⁇ 1600 ° C.
- sample 93 was weighed on an electronic balance and placed in a quartz muffle 86, in a boat 92 made of fireclay.
- the muffle 86 was hermetically sealed with a plug 89 (with a gas inlet 91 and gas outlet 96 tubes, as well as a thermocouple 97) and purged with argon from cylinder 121.
- the air-to-natural gas ratio was monitored using a chromatograph 127 by the oxygen content in the initial mixture and by the readings of indicator 126 of the air flow coefficient.
- the composition of the gas (combustion products) in the muffle 86 was controlled according to indications
- the temperature regime of heat treatment of sample 93 in an electric furnace 84 included heating of sample 93 in a muffle 86 in an atmosphere of products
- Example 3 The method described in example 2, held heating
- Example 4 An experimental fire stand was used [I. M. Distergeft, G. M. Druzhinin, V. I. Shcherbinin, VNIIMT experience in the development of regenerative heating systems for metallurgical units, “Steel”, 2002, JN ° 7, p.84 - 2265 90], equipped with one burner unit, made similar to that shown in Fig.l.
- This burner unit includes two regenerative nozzles (19, 20), each of which is connected to one burner (8, 9) and is filled with heat transfer elements in the form of corundum balls with a diameter of 20 mm.
- samples were heated with dimensions of 6 x 50 x 100 mm,
- 2270 made of titanium alloys BT-5-1 and BT-20 with values of air excess coefficient ⁇ equal to l, 17 ⁇ l, 20, and with values of ⁇ equal to 2.20.
- the heating temperature of the samples is 1200 0 C
- the temperature of the heated air is 900 0 C
- the exposure time is 2 hours.
- Fuel is natural gas. Duration of a cycle of a pulse operating mode 45-6Oc. results
- the thickness of the gas-saturated layer decreases from 89 ⁇ m to 45 ⁇ m (by 49.5%), and the hydrogen content in the surface layer of the sample decreases from 0.073% to 0.06%, (decrease by
- Example 5 In a chamber heating furnace, similar to the furnace in 2285 Fig. L, equipped with a regenerative heating system, two experiments were performed on heating two workpieces with a diameter of 800 mm and a length of 4000 mm from BT-IO titanium alloy with air excess coefficients ⁇ equal to 1, 5 and 2.8 - 3.5. Fuel is natural gas. The temperature at the outlet of the metal from the furnace corresponded to 1200 0 C. The temperature of the heated air was 1050 0 C. With a 2290 increase in the coefficient of excess air from 1.5 to a value of 2.8 ⁇ 3.5, the time for heating the billets decreased from 9.5 hours to 7.5 hours (21%). The uniformity of heating has improved, since the temperature difference along the length and diameter of the workpiece, which did not exceed ⁇ 10 ° C, decreased. In this case, the metal burn decreased by almost 1.5 times. 2295 Example 6. Heat treatment of metal in a chamber flame furnace 1
- the methodical zone where the furnace temperature should be relatively low (during metal processing, so that significant thermal
- Example 7 It differs from example 6 in that the metal exposure at
- operating temperature is carried out at a variable value of the coefficient of excess air in excess of 2.0 and set mainly in the range up to 6.0.
- the exposure is carried out at a value of the coefficient of excess air, varying from 3.3 to 6.0 in 2.5 hours.
- the quality of the metal is consistent
- Example 8 A method of heat treatment of steel and non-ferrous metals in a flame furnace, based on burning a mixture of liquid or gaseous fuel and heated air at a certain value of the coefficient of excess air, is carried out as described in the example
- Example 9 When burning a mixture of liquid or gaseous fuels and
- inventions also reduces the decarburization of steel without the above negative consequences of low oxidative heating, carried out at values of ⁇ less than 1.0.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Air Supply (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
- Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI0708293-2A BRPI0708293A2 (pt) | 2006-02-26 | 2007-02-21 | métodos e dispositivos para tratamento térmico de metais |
EP07747823A EP1995333B1 (de) | 2006-02-26 | 2007-02-21 | Metallwärmebehandlungsverfahren und -vorrichtungen |
AU2007218345A AU2007218345B2 (en) | 2006-02-26 | 2007-02-21 | Metal heat treating methods and devices |
CN2007800147485A CN101432449B (zh) | 2006-02-26 | 2007-02-21 | 金属热处理方法和装置 |
MX2008010969A MX2008010969A (es) | 2006-02-26 | 2007-02-21 | Metodos y dispositivos para el procesamiento termico de metal. |
UAA200811585A UA96752C2 (ru) | 2006-02-26 | 2007-02-21 | Способ тепловой обработки металлосодержащих изделий в пламенной печи (варианты), способ сжигания смеси жидкого или газообразного топлива и нагретого воздуха в пламенной печи для тепловой обработки металлосодержащих изделий, устройство отопления пламенной печи для тепловой обработки металлосодержащих изделий (варианты), регенеративная насадка пламенной печи для тепловой обработки металлосодержащих изделий (варианты) для осуществленния этих способов |
CA002643298A CA2643298A1 (en) | 2006-02-26 | 2007-02-21 | Metal heat treating methods and devices |
JP2008556272A JP2009528444A (ja) | 2006-02-26 | 2007-02-21 | 金属熱処理方法及び装置 |
IL193643A IL193643A (en) | 2006-02-26 | 2008-08-24 | METHODS AND DEVICES FOR METAL PROCESSING BY HEAT |
US12/197,577 US20110294082A1 (en) | 2006-02-26 | 2008-08-25 | Metal heat treating methods and devices |
NO20084075A NO20084075L (no) | 2006-02-26 | 2008-09-24 | Metallvarmebehandlingsmetoder og innretninger |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2006105992 | 2006-02-26 | ||
RU2006105992/02A RU2324745C2 (ru) | 2006-02-26 | 2006-02-26 | Способ тепловой обработки металла в пламенной печи прямого или косвенного нагрева (варианты), способ сжигания смеси жидкого или газообразного топлива и нагретого воздуха в пламенной печи прямого или косвенного нагрева, устройство отопления (варианты) и регенеративная насадка (варианты) для осуществления способов |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2007097663A1 WO2007097663A1 (fr) | 2007-08-30 |
WO2007097663A9 true WO2007097663A9 (fr) | 2007-10-25 |
Family
ID=38437622
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/RU2007/000083 WO2007097663A1 (fr) | 2006-02-26 | 2007-02-21 | Procédés et dispositifs destinés au traitement thermique de métaux |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110294082A1 (ru) |
EP (1) | EP1995333B1 (ru) |
JP (1) | JP2009528444A (ru) |
KR (1) | KR20090003214A (ru) |
CN (1) | CN101432449B (ru) |
AU (1) | AU2007218345B2 (ru) |
BR (1) | BRPI0708293A2 (ru) |
CA (1) | CA2643298A1 (ru) |
IL (1) | IL193643A (ru) |
MX (1) | MX2008010969A (ru) |
MY (1) | MY150891A (ru) |
NO (1) | NO20084075L (ru) |
RU (1) | RU2324745C2 (ru) |
UA (1) | UA96752C2 (ru) |
WO (1) | WO2007097663A1 (ru) |
Families Citing this family (11)
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RU2324745C2 (ru) * | 2006-02-26 | 2008-05-20 | Игорь Михайлович Дистергефт | Способ тепловой обработки металла в пламенной печи прямого или косвенного нагрева (варианты), способ сжигания смеси жидкого или газообразного топлива и нагретого воздуха в пламенной печи прямого или косвенного нагрева, устройство отопления (варианты) и регенеративная насадка (варианты) для осуществления способов |
KR101413182B1 (ko) * | 2012-08-09 | 2014-07-01 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 축열식 순산소 연소 시스템 및 그 연소 시스템을 이용한 연소방법 |
JP2014074540A (ja) * | 2012-10-04 | 2014-04-24 | Chugai Ro Co Ltd | 加熱炉の改造方法 |
FR3038622B1 (fr) * | 2015-07-06 | 2017-08-04 | Snecma | Procede de traitement thermique d'une preforme en poudre en alliage a base de titane |
KR101866962B1 (ko) | 2016-09-02 | 2018-06-22 | 김보람 | 원적외선을 이용한 도장 제품의 열처리 방법 |
KR101691335B1 (ko) | 2016-09-02 | 2017-01-09 | 김보람 | 원적외선을 이용한 도장 제품의 열처리 시스템 |
KR101691336B1 (ko) | 2016-09-02 | 2017-01-09 | 김보람 | 원적외선을 이용한 도장 제품의 열처리 시스템 |
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KR101940459B1 (ko) | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-18 | 이재철 | 금속가공품 열처리방법 |
CN110047644A (zh) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-07-23 | 龙国剑 | 一种双通道油水冷却一体式节能环保直流电源装置 |
KR20240043403A (ko) | 2022-09-27 | 2024-04-03 | 동아대학교 산학협력단 | Stb소재의 전기저항 임피던스 전력제어 가열장치 |
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-
2006
- 2006-02-26 RU RU2006105992/02A patent/RU2324745C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2007
- 2007-02-21 CA CA002643298A patent/CA2643298A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-02-21 JP JP2008556272A patent/JP2009528444A/ja active Pending
- 2007-02-21 UA UAA200811585A patent/UA96752C2/ru unknown
- 2007-02-21 EP EP07747823A patent/EP1995333B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-02-21 KR KR1020087022185A patent/KR20090003214A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-02-21 WO PCT/RU2007/000083 patent/WO2007097663A1/ru active Application Filing
- 2007-02-21 MY MYPI20083284 patent/MY150891A/en unknown
- 2007-02-21 CN CN2007800147485A patent/CN101432449B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-02-21 BR BRPI0708293-2A patent/BRPI0708293A2/pt active Search and Examination
- 2007-02-21 AU AU2007218345A patent/AU2007218345B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-02-21 MX MX2008010969A patent/MX2008010969A/es active IP Right Grant
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2008
- 2008-08-24 IL IL193643A patent/IL193643A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-08-25 US US12/197,577 patent/US20110294082A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-09-24 NO NO20084075A patent/NO20084075L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1995333A4 (de) | 2010-01-13 |
IL193643A0 (en) | 2009-05-04 |
AU2007218345B2 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
BRPI0708293A2 (pt) | 2011-05-24 |
IL193643A (en) | 2013-05-30 |
KR20090003214A (ko) | 2009-01-09 |
EP1995333A1 (de) | 2008-11-26 |
US20110294082A1 (en) | 2011-12-01 |
JP2009528444A (ja) | 2009-08-06 |
RU2324745C2 (ru) | 2008-05-20 |
MX2008010969A (es) | 2008-11-27 |
MY150891A (en) | 2014-03-14 |
UA96752C2 (ru) | 2011-12-12 |
CA2643298A1 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
AU2007218345A1 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
CN101432449A (zh) | 2009-05-13 |
NO20084075L (no) | 2008-11-11 |
CN101432449B (zh) | 2010-12-29 |
EP1995333B1 (de) | 2012-08-29 |
RU2006105992A (ru) | 2007-09-20 |
WO2007097663A1 (fr) | 2007-08-30 |
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