WO2007013668A1 - Système de pile à combustible - Google Patents

Système de pile à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007013668A1
WO2007013668A1 PCT/JP2006/315258 JP2006315258W WO2007013668A1 WO 2007013668 A1 WO2007013668 A1 WO 2007013668A1 JP 2006315258 W JP2006315258 W JP 2006315258W WO 2007013668 A1 WO2007013668 A1 WO 2007013668A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
pressure
fuel cell
state
leak
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2006/315258
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Keigo Suematsu
Tatsuaki Yokoyama
Koji Katano
Nobuhiro Tomosada
Original Assignee
Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha filed Critical Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
Priority to DE112006001673T priority Critical patent/DE112006001673T5/de
Priority to US11/994,659 priority patent/US8486577B2/en
Publication of WO2007013668A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007013668A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
    • H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04679—Failure or abnormal function of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel cell system, and more particularly, to a technique for detecting leakage of hydrogen gas supplied to a fuel cell.
  • the problem to be solved by the present invention is to accurately detect hydrogen leakage even in a fuel cell system in which a pressure regulating valve is provided in the hydrogen supply flow path.
  • the fuel cell system of the present invention is configured as follows. That is, a fuel cell equipped with a fuel cell
  • a shutoff valve that shuts off hydrogen supply from the hydrogen supply means to the hydrogen supply flow path; a pressure regulating valve that is provided in the hydrogen supply flow path and depressurizes hydrogen supplied from the 7jC element supply means;
  • State quantity detection means for detecting at least one of pressure and flow rate as the state quantity of hydrogen in the hydrogen supply channel
  • State control means for bringing the fuel cell system into a leak detectable state that closes the shutoff valve and opens the pressure regulating valve to maintain a non-regulated state
  • the state detected by the state defect detection means in the leak detectable state is to provide a leak detection means for detecting a hydrogen leak generated downstream of the hydrogen supply means by analyzing the behavior of the quantity.
  • hydrogen leakage is detected while the pressure regulating valve is kept in the open state and kept in a non-regulated state. Even if it occurs on the opposite side of the state quantity detection means, it becomes possible to accurately detect pressure changes and flow rate changes associated with the leakage. Therefore, it is possible to accurately detect hydrogen leakage.
  • the fuel cell system configured as described above hydrogen leakage is detected while the pressure regulating valve is kept in the open state and kept in a non-regulated state. Even if it occurs on the opposite side of the state quantity detection means, it becomes possible to accurately detect pressure changes and flow rate changes associated with the leakage. Therefore, it is possible to accurately detect hydrogen leakage.
  • the fuel cell system configured as described above
  • the state quantity detection means is means for detecting a flow rate as the hydrogen state quantity
  • the leak detection means is configured to detect the hydrogen in the downstream direction by the state quantity detection means as the behavior in the leak detectable state.
  • the means for determining that hydrogen leakage has occurred downstream from the state quantity detection means, and the flow of hydrogen in the upstream direction detected by the state quantity detection means
  • the state quantity detection means is a means for detecting pressure as the hydrogen state quantity, and the leak detection means is configured such that in the leak detectable state, the behavior is as follows. When it is detected that the valve has risen, it is detected that hydrogen leakage has occurred in the hydrogen supply channel from the shut-off valve after closing the valve. Means to know,
  • the state quantity detection means is means for detecting both the flow rate and the pressure as the hydrogen state quantity
  • the leakage detection means in the leak detectable state, as the behavior, when the state quantity detection means detects the increase in pressure and the flow of hydrogen in the downstream direction, Means for judging that hydrogen leakage has occurred from the valve to the hydrogen supply flow path;
  • the state quantity detection means is means for detecting the flow rate as the hydrogen state quantity.
  • the leakage detection means when the flow rate detected by the state quantity detection means is larger than the standard flow rate of hydrogen that permeates the electrolyte membrane in the fuel cell from the anode to the force sword as the behavior. Means may be provided for determining that a hydrogen leak has occurred. With such a configuration, the occurrence of hydrogen leakage can be detected in consideration of the cross-leak phenomenon in which hydrogen permeates through the electrolyte membrane in the fuel cell from the anode to the cathode.
  • the leak detection means measures the time from when the state control means closes the shut-off valve until the pressure regulating valve opens and enters a non-pressure regulation state, and as the behavior,
  • the state quantity detection means is means for detecting the flow rate as the hydrogen state quantity y,
  • the leak detection means obtains a time change rate of the flow rate after the pressure regulating valve is opened and enters a non-pressure control state, and as the behavior, the time change rate is a standard when there is no hydrogen leak Means for determining that hydrogen leakage has occurred when the rate of change with time is smaller than the typical time change rate may be provided. With such a configuration, the occurrence of hydrogen leakage can be detected according to the rate of change over time in the hydrogen flow rate after the pressure regulating valve is fully opened.
  • the fuel cell system configured as described above,
  • a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of hydrogen in the hydrogen supply channel downstream of the pressure regulating valve
  • the state control means opens the shut-off valve and supplies hydrogen to the hydrogen supply flow path, and then the downstream pressure of the pressure regulating valve detected by the pressure sensor indicates that the pressure regulating valve is opened. Then, when the predetermined target value that is maintained in the non-regulated state is reached, the fuel cell system may be brought into the leak detectable state by closing the shutoff valve. With such a configuration, hydrogen leakage can be detected by opening the pressure regulating valve at the timing of opening the shut-off valve, such as when the system is started.
  • the fuel cell system configured as described above,
  • a pressure sensor that detects the pressure of hydrogen in the hydrogen supply channel downstream of the pressure regulating valve. Equipped with
  • the state control means After the shut-off valve is closed, the state control means has a predetermined target in which the pressure on the downstream side of the pressure regulating valve detected by the pressure sensor is maintained in a non-pressure regulated state when the pressure regulating valve is opened.
  • the fuel cell system may be brought into a state where the leakage can be detected by consuming hydrogen present in the hydrogen supply channel until the value is reached. With such a configuration, hydrogen leakage can be detected by opening the pressure regulating valve at the timing when the shut-off valve is closed, such as when the system is stopped or intermittently operated.
  • a downstream pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of hydrogen in the hydrogen supply channel downstream of the pressure regulating valve
  • An upstream pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of hydrogen in the hydrogen supply channel upstream of the pressure regulating valve
  • the state control means is configured to supply the hydrogen until the pressure detected by the downstream pressure sensor and the pressure detected by the upstream pressure sensor become the same pressure.
  • the pressure regulating valve may be opened by consuming hydrogen present in the flow path, and the fuel cell system may be brought into a state where the leakage can be detected. With such a configuration, by setting the pressure on the upstream side and the downstream side of the pressure regulating valve to be the same, the pressure regulating valve can be opened to detect hydrogen leakage.
  • the leak detection means generates the hydrogen by generating power with the fuel cell.
  • Means for consuming may be provided, and means for consuming the hydrogen by discharging the hydrogen from the fuel cell may be provided. With such a configuration, even if the hydrogen pressure downstream of the pressure regulating valve is high, the pressure regulating valve can be opened by reducing the pressure.
  • the pressure regulating valve is a modulatable pressure valve capable of directly adjusting the opening degree based on external control.
  • the state control means may control the pressure regulating valve to open the pressure regulating valve and keep it in a non-pressure regulated state. With such a configuration, the pressure regulating valve can be opened without consuming hydrogen.
  • a buffer tank for temporarily storing hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen supply unit may be connected between the shutoff valve and the state quantity detection unit.
  • hydrogen is supplied from the buffer tank to the hydrogen supply path even after the shut-off valve is closed, so that it is possible to detect hydrogen leakage over time, and the detection accuracy Can be improved.
  • a pressure regulating valve and a second pressure regulating valve are provided,
  • the state quantity detection means is provided between the second shutoff valve and the second pressure regulating valve,
  • the state control means closes the shutoff valve and keeps the second pressure regulating valve and the second pressure regulating valve open, and then closes the second shutoff valve, thereby Put the battery system in a leak-detectable state,
  • the leak detection means includes means for detecting hydrogen leaking from the hydrogen supply means into the hydrogen supply flow path through the shutoff valve based on the state quantity detected by the state quantity detection means. It is good. With such a configuration, it is possible to detect hydrogen leakage from the shut-off valve by using the state quantity detection means provided between the two pressure regulating valves. Since the state quantity detection means provided at such a position is not required to have a high pressure resistance, it is possible to employ a highly accurate sensor and to detect hydrogen leakage from the shutoff valve with high accuracy.
  • the present invention can also be configured as the following fuel cell system. That is,
  • a fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell
  • Hydrogen supply means for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell
  • a shutoff valve that shuts off hydrogen supply from the hydrogen supply means to the hydrogen supply flow path; a pressure regulating valve that is provided in the hydrogen supply flow path and depressurizes hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen supply means;
  • a state control means for closing the shut-off valve and opening the pressure regulating valve to make the fuel cell system a leak detectable state in which the upstream and downstream pressure states of the pressure regulating valve are the same;
  • a leakage detection means for detecting hydrogen leakage generated downstream of the hydrogen supply means by analyzing the behavior of the state quantity detected by the state quantity detection means in the leak detectable state;
  • the upstream side and the downstream side of the pressure regulating valve can be set to the same pressure state, so even if hydrogen leakage occurs at a position sandwiching the pressure regulating valve, Pressure changes and flow rate changes associated with the leakage are quickly transmitted to the state quantity detection means. Therefore, it becomes possible to detect hydrogen leakage with high accuracy.
  • the present invention can also be grasped as a method for detecting hydrogen leakage in a fuel cell system.
  • FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the overall configuration of a fuel cell system 100 as a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an abnormality detection routine executed by the control computer 400 when the fuel cell system 100 is started.
  • FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the abnormality determination table.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing another aspect of the abnormality detection routine shown in FIG.
  • Fig. 5 shows that the control computer 4 0 0 executes when the fuel cell system ⁇ 0 0 stops.
  • 6 is a flowchart of an abnormality detection routine.
  • FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of the abnormality detection routine when the pressure regulating valve 2 10 is a modulable pressure valve.
  • FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing an overall configuration of a fuel tank system 100 b as a second modification.
  • FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing an overall configuration of a fuel cell system 100 c as a third modified example.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart of an abnormality detection routine for detecting main stop valve leakage.
  • FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing the overall configuration of the fuel cell system 1 O Od as the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing changes in each state quantity in a normal state where no hydrogen leakage occurs in the fuel cell system 100 d.
  • FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing changes in the hydrogen flow rate when hydrogen leakage occurs downstream of the hydrogen flow meter 300.
  • FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing changes in the hydrogen flow rate when hydrogen leakage occurs upstream of the hydrogen flow meter 300.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart of an abnormality detection routine that is executed when the fuel cell system 1 O Od is stopped in the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing another aspect of the abnormality detection routine executed when the fuel cell system 0 0 d is stopped.
  • Country 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the overall configuration of a fuel cell system 100 as a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • a fuel cell system 100 according to the present embodiment is mounted on a vehicle 90, and is a fuel cell 10 that generates electricity by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, and a hydrogen tank that stores high-pressure hydrogen gas.
  • an air compressor 30 for supplying air to the fuel cell 10 a secondary battery 40 that is charged by the electric power generated by the fuel cell 10, an electric power generated by the fuel cell 10, and the secondary battery 40
  • a motor 50 that drives the axle 55 with electric power, a fuel cell system 100, a control computer 400 that controls the operation of the vehicle 90, and the like are provided.
  • the fuel cell 10 is a solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell, and has a stack structure in which a plurality of unit cells (not shown) are stacked.
  • Each single cell has a configuration in which a hydrogen electrode (hereinafter referred to as an anode) and an oxygen electrode (hereinafter referred to as a force sword) are arranged with an electrolyte membrane interposed therebetween.
  • anode a hydrogen electrode
  • an oxygen electrode hereinafter referred to as a force sword
  • the air compressor 30 is connected to the power sword of the fuel cell 10 via the air supply channel 34 and supplies air to the power sword side of the fuel cell 10.
  • the air (power sword off gas) after being subjected to the electrochemical reaction is discharged to the outside through the force sword off gas flow path 36.
  • the hydrogen tank 20 stores high-pressure hydrogen gas having a pressure of several tens of MPa.
  • the hydrogen tank 20 corresponds to the hydrogen supply means described in the claims, and is connected to the anode of the fuel cell 10 via the hydrogen supply flow path 24.
  • a main stop valve 20 0 is provided between the hydrogen tank 2 0 0 and the hydrogen supply flow path 2 4.
  • the main stop valve 20 0 corresponds to the shut-off valve described in the claims, and its opening and closing is controlled by the control computer 4 0 0.
  • the sections of the hydrogen supply flow path 24 that have different pressure states due to the pressure regulating valve 2 10 will be referred to as a low pressure part LS and a high pressure part HS, respectively, as shown.
  • the low pressure section LS and the high pressure section HS are provided with pressure sensors 3 10 and 3 30 as state quantity detection means for detecting the pressure of hydrogen gas flowing through the corresponding sections, respectively.
  • the hydrogen flow meter 3 0 0 detects the flow rate of hydrogen flowing upstream of the pressure regulating valve 2 0, that is, the high pressure section HS.
  • the hydrogen flow meter 300 is connected to the control computer 400.
  • This hydrogen flow meter 30 0 outputs a positive voltage when it detects the flow of hydrogen to the fuel cell 10 (downstream) side, and the flow of hydrogen to the hydrogen tank 20 (upstream side). When detected, a negative voltage is output. That is, the control combination 400 can determine the direction of the hydrogen flow based on the sign of the voltage input from the hydrogen flow meter 300.
  • An anode off gas flow path 26 is connected to the anode side outlet of the fuel cell 10. This anode off-gas flow path 26 is branched into two, one being connected to the low pressure part LS of the hydrogen supply flow path 24 via the circulation device 70, and the other being the purge valve 24. It is connected to the anode offgas discharge flow path 27 via 0.
  • the circulation device 70 for example, an ejector or a pump can be used.
  • hydrogen gas that could not be used for power generation by the fuel cell 10 may remain in the fusible anode.
  • This anode off-gas is circulated by the circulation device 70, and is then returned to the fuel cell 10 again. By supplying it, hydrogen gas can be used efficiently.
  • the purge valve 240 is opened at a predetermined evening according to control by the control computer 400.
  • the anode off-gas contains impurities such as nitrogen and moisture in the air that have permeated from the cathode side through the electrolyte membrane in the fuel cell 10. It is for discharging outside.
  • control computer 400 can estimate the concentration of impurities in the anode off-gas from the amount of power generated by the fuel cell and adjust the timing for opening the purge valve 240.
  • the control computer 400 corresponds to the state control means and leakage detection means described in the claims, and It has 13 ⁇ 40 [ ⁇ , RAM, and input / output ports.
  • R ⁇ M a program for performing an abnormality detection process described later and a program for controlling the operation of the vehicle 90 and the fuel cell system 100 are stored.
  • the CPU expands these programs into RAM and executes them.
  • Hydrogen flow meter 300, pressure sensor 3 1 0, 330, etc. are connected to the input / output port, and main stop valve 200, purge valve 240, air compressor 30, ignition switch (not shown), etc. Connected.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an abnormality detection routine that is executed by the control computer 400 when the fuel cell system 100 is started by turning on the innovation switch.
  • This abnormality detection routine is a process executed to detect whether hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell 10 is leaking from any location.
  • the control computer 400 first opens the main stop valve 200 (step S 100), and supplies hydrogen gas from the hydrogen tank 20 into the hydrogen supply flow path 24.
  • the pressure sensor 3 10 detects the pressure P 1 downstream of the pressure regulating valve 2 10, that is, the low pressure part LS (step S 1 1 0), and the detected pressure P 1 is set to a predetermined target. It is determined whether or not the value has been reached (step S 120).
  • This target value is set to a value that is lower than the set pressure set for the pressure regulating valve 2 10, and the pressure regulating valve 2 1 0 is fully opened and maintained in the non-pressure regulated state. If the pressure P 1 does not reach the target value in the above step S 120 (step S 120: No), the process returns to the above step S 110 and continues to the hydrogen tank. Continue supplying hydrogen from 20 On the other hand, when the pressure P 1 reaches the target value (step S 1 20: Y es), the main stop valve 20 0 and the purge valve 2 40 are closed (step S ⁇ 3 0). By doing so, the pressure regulating valve 2 10 is fully opened and the pipe connected to the anode side of the fuel cell 10 is closed.
  • the pressure regulating valve 2 10 is opened and kept in a non-regulated state, and the anode side pipe is closed and the upstream side and the downstream side of the pressure regulating valve 2 10 are in the same pressure state.
  • This state is called “leak detection possible state”.
  • the hydrogen pressure and flow rate in the piping will not fluctuate if there is no hydrogen leakage.
  • hydrogen may pass from the anode side of the fuel cell 10 to the force sword side through the electrolyte membrane in the fuel cell 10 (hereinafter, this phenomenon is called “cross leak”). In this example, it is assumed that such leakage due to cross leakage is very small and is not considered.
  • step S 1 4 0 the hydrogen flow meter 3 0 0 detects the hydrogen gas flow rate Q
  • the pressure sensor 3 3 0 detects the pressure in the hydrogen supply flow path 2 4.
  • P 3 is detected (step S 1 4 0).
  • the presence / absence of an abnormality is determined with reference to a predetermined abnormality determination table (step S 1 5 0).
  • step S 1 4 0 above the pressure in the hydrogen supply flow path 2 4 is detected using the pressure sensor 3 3 0 of the high pressure section HS, but the pressure regulating valve 2 1 0 is fully open, The pressure state is the same in the low pressure section LS and the high pressure section HS.
  • FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the abnormality determination table. As shown in the figure, the presence / absence of an abnormality and the location of the abnormality are set in advance in this abnormality determination table according to the behavior of the flow rate Q and the pressure P 3 in a leak detectable state.
  • the abnormality determination method based on the table will be explained in detail according to the situation that the pressure P 3 can take. ⁇ When pressure P 3 rises>
  • control computer 4 0 0 detects an increase in the pressure P 3 and detects a flow rate Q in the downstream direction, hydrogen leaks from the main stop valve 2 0 0 to the hydrogen supply flow path 2 4. (Hereafter, this phenomenon is called “main valve leakage”). Even if the flow rate Q is not detected, if an increase in pressure P3 is detected, it is determined that a main stop valve leak has occurred. This is because the flow rate may not be detected by the hydrogen flow meter 300 if the leak amount is very small. In addition, the control computer detects an increase in the pressure P 3, and if it detects a flow rate Q in the upstream direction, it determines that the sensor is abnormal. This is because such a situation cannot be assumed.
  • step S1440 of the above abnormality detection routine it may be determined that the main stop valve leakage has occurred if an increase in the pressure P3 is detected. Good. When there is no change in pressure P3>
  • the control computer 400 determines that no hydrogen leakage has occurred and no abnormality has occurred if the value of the pressure P 3 has not changed and the flow rate Q is substantially zero. However, when the flow rate Q in the downstream direction or the flow rate Q in the upstream direction is detected even though the pressure P 3 has not changed, this situation cannot be assumed, and the sensor has malfunctioned. Judged. In addition, if the detection of the flow rate Q is omitted in step S 140 of the abnormality detection routine, it may be determined that there is no abnormality if the pressure P 3 does not change.
  • the control computer 400 determines that a leak has occurred downstream of the hydrogen flow meter 30 0. On the other hand, if a decrease in pressure P3 is detected and a flow rate Q in the upstream direction is detected, it is determined that a leak has occurred upstream from the hydrogen flow meter 300. In addition, if the flow rate Q is substantially zero even though the pressure P 3 is decreasing, it is determined that hydrogen leakage has occurred in any part of the downstream of the main stop valve 200. This is because the flow rate may not be detected if the leakage is very small.
  • step S 14 0 of the above abnormality detection routine if the detection of the flow rate Q is omitted in step S 14 0 of the above abnormality detection routine, if a decrease in the pressure P 3 is detected, hydrogen will be detected at any location downstream of the main stop valve 20 0. It may be determined that a leak has occurred.
  • the control computer 4 0 0 can detect the flow rate Q in the downstream direction. If it is determined that a hydrogen leak has occurred downstream of the hydrogen flow meter 300 and the upstream flow Q is detected, a hydrogen leak will occur upstream of the hydrogen flow meter 300. It is determined that If the flow rate Q is approximately zero, it is determined that there is no abnormality. Return the explanation to Figure 2. If the control computer 400 determines that an abnormality has occurred as a result of the abnormality determination based on the abnormality determination table described above (step S ⁇ 60: Y es), the control computer will display a warning display, alarm sound, etc.
  • step S 1 70 To inform the driver that an abnormality has occurred (step S 1 70) and end the abnormality detection routine.
  • step S 1 6 0: N 0 power generation by the fuel cell 10 is started by opening the main stop valve 2 0 0 (step S 1 80), and an abnormality detection routine Exit.
  • step S 1 80 In the abnormality detection process described above, in the process of supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell 10 at the time of system startup, when the hydrogen pressure in the low pressure part LS is lower than the set pressure, the pressure regulating valve 2 10 is fully opened.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing another embodiment of the abnormality detection routine shown in FIG.
  • the abnormality detection routine shown in FIG. 2 after the supply of hydrogen is started, the abnormality is determined by closing the main stop valve 20 0 0 and the purge valve 24 0 when the pressure P 1 reaches a predetermined target value.
  • the supply of hydrogen is continued until the pressure P 1 reaches the set pressure of the pressure regulating valve 2 1 0, and then the pressure at which the pressure regulating valve 2 1 0 is fully opened. Decrease the pressure P 1 until an abnormality is judged.
  • the control computer 400 first opens the main stop valve 20 0 (step S 2 0 0), and supplies hydrogen gas into the hydrogen supply flow path 24.
  • the pressure sensor 3 1 0 detects the pressure P ⁇ downstream of the pressure regulating valve 2 1 0 (step S 2 1 0), and the detected pressure P 1 is set to the pressure regulating valve 2 1 0. Set pressure, that is, whether the pressure suitable for power generation in the fuel cell 10 has been reached.
  • Step S 2 2 0 If the pressure P 1 does not reach the set pressure as a result of this determination (step S 2 20: N 0), the process is returned to step S 2 ⁇ 0 and the supply of hydrogen gas is continued. To do. In step S 2 20, if it is determined that the pressure ⁇ ⁇ has reached the set pressure (step S 2 2 0: Y es), the control computer 4 0 0 performs the main stop valve 2 0 0 and purge. Close the valve 24 0 (step S 2 3 0) to close the anode side piping.
  • the hydrogen consumption process is a process for consuming hydrogen present in the hydrogen supply channel 24. Specifically, for example, hydrogen can be consumed by power generation by the fuel cell 10 or opening of the purge valve 240.
  • the control computer 400 detects the pressure P 1 of the low-pressure part LS (step S 2 5 0), and determines whether or not the detected pressure P 1 has decreased to a predetermined target value. Judgment is made (step S 2 60).
  • This target value is the same as the target value described in Fig. 2. That is, the pressure value is lower than the set pressure set in the pressure regulating valve 2 10, and the pressure value is maintained in the non-pressure regulated state when the pressure regulating valve 2 10 is fully opened. If it is determined in this step S 2 60 that the pressure P 1 has not decreased to the target value (step S 2 60: No), the process returns to the above step S 2 4 0 and the hydrogen consumption process Continue. If it is determined in step S 2 60 above that the pressure P 1 has decreased to the target value (step S 2 60: Y es), the pressure regulating valve 2 1 0 is fully opened and the pressure is not adjusted. Therefore, it can be determined that the system is ready for leak detection.
  • the control computer 400 detects the hydrogen flow rate Q using the hydrogen flow meter 30 0 and also detects the pressure in the high pressure section HS using the pressure sensor 3 30 (step S 2 70). To 3 Abnormality determination is performed based on the indicated abnormality determination table (step S 280). If it is determined that there is an abnormality as a result of this determination (step S 290: Yes), the driver is informed (step S 300). If it is determined that there is no abnormality (step S 290: No), power generation by the fuel cell is started by opening the main stop valve 200 (step S 3 1 0), and the series of abnormality detection routines is completed.
  • the low-pressure portion LS of the hydrogen supply flow path 24 is once increased to the set pressure of the pressure regulating valve 210, and then the hydrogen consumption process is performed, so that the pressure is regulated. Decrease to the target value at which 2100 is fully open. Even with such a method, it is possible to efficiently detect hydrogen leakage occurring on the low-pressure part LS side with the hydrogen flow meter 300 and the pressure sensor 330 provided in the high-pressure part HS. In step 260 above, it was determined that the system was in a leak-detectable state when the pressure P 1 of the low-pressure section LS after the hydrogen consumption treatment reached the target value.
  • the pressure P 1 of the low pressure part LS and the pressure P 3 of the high pressure part HS are detected and compared, and when both pressures are the same, the pressure regulating valve 2 10 is opened and the system leaks. It can also be determined that detection is possible.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an abnormality detection routine executed by the control computer 400 when the fuel cell system 100 is stopped.
  • the control computer 400 turns off the ignition switch and stops the vehicle completely, or during so-called intermittent operation, that is, stops the power generation by the fuel cell 10 and stores it in the secondary battery 40.
  • This abnormality detection routine is executed when the vehicle 90 is driven only by the generated electric power.
  • the control computer 400 first closes the main stop valve 20 0 0 and the purge valve 2 4 0 (step S 4 0 0), and closes the anode side piping. To do.
  • hydrogen consumption processing is executed (step S 4 10), and the pressure in the low pressure part LS of the hydrogen supply flow path 24 is reduced.
  • step S 4 2 0 when the control computer 400 detects the pressure P 1 of the low pressure part LS (step S 4 2 0), it determines whether or not the pressure P 1 has been reduced to a predetermined target value (step S 4 3 0) If the pressure has not been reduced to the target value (step S 4 30: No), the process returns to step S 4 10 and the hydrogen consumption process is continued. If it is determined in step S 4 30 above that pressure P 1 has dropped to the target value (step S 4 30: Y es), pressure regulator 2 10 will be fully open and the system will be able to detect leaks. It becomes a state.
  • the control computer 400 detects the hydrogen flow Q using the hydrogen flow meter 30 0, and detects the pressure P 3 of the high pressure section HS using the pressure sensor 3 30 (step S 4 4 0), Abnormality determination is performed based on the abnormality determination table shown in FIG. 3 (step S 4 5 0). As a result of the abnormality determination, if it is determined that there is an abnormality (step S 4 60: Y es), that fact is notified to the driver (step S 4 70), and the abnormality detection routine is terminated. If it is determined that there is an abnormality in the intermittent operation state, the power generation by the fuel cell 10 may be suppressed or prohibited, and the operation mode in which only the operation by the secondary battery 40 is allowed may be adopted.
  • the pressure regulating valve 2 1 0 can be fully opened by performing the hydrogen consumption process and reducing the low pressure part LS of the hydrogen supply flow path 2 4. The Therefore, even when stopping the system, such as when the vehicle is stopped or intermittently operated, just as with the abnormality detection process at system startup, the hydrogen flow meter 30 0 or pressure sensor 3 3 0 provided on the high-pressure section HS side alone It is possible to efficiently detect hydrogen leakage that has occurred on the low pressure part LS side.
  • step S 4 30 above it is determined that the system is in a leak-detectable state when the pressure P 1 of the low-pressure part LS after the hydrogen consumption treatment reaches the target value. For example, if the pressure P 1 of the low pressure part LS and the pressure P 3 of the high pressure part HS are detected and compared, and both pressures are the same, the pressure regulating valve 2 10 is opened, and the system is It can also be determined that the leak detection is possible.
  • FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of the abnormality detection routine when the pressure regulating valve 2 10 is a modulable pressure valve. This abnormality detection routine will be described as being executed when the system is stopped.
  • the control computer 400 first closes the main stop valve 20 0 0 and the purge valve 2 4 0 (step S 5 0 0), and closes the anode side piping. To the state.
  • step S 5 10 the modulatable pressure valve is controlled to forcibly fully open.
  • the control computer 4 0 0 uses the pressure sensor 3 1 0 to The force PI is detected (step S 5 2 0), and it is determined whether or not the detected pressure P 1 is stable (step S 5 30). Specifically, when the value of the pressure P 1 falls within a certain range over a predetermined period, it can be determined that the pressure is stable. As a result of such determination, if it is determined that the pressure P 1 is not stable, the process is returned to step S 5 20, and a loop is performed until the pressure P 1 is stabilized.
  • step S 5 20 and S 5 30 the pressure P 1 in the low-pressure part LS and the pressure P 3 in the high-pressure part HS are detected and the pressure is the same when both pressures are the same. May be judged to be stable. If it is determined in step S 53 0 that the pressure P ⁇ is stable (step S 53 0: Y es), the high pressure section HS and the low pressure section LS of the hydrogen supply channel 24 are in the same pressure state. Thus, it can be determined that the system is ready for leak detection. Therefore, the control computer 400 detects the hydrogen flow rate Q with the hydrogen flow meter 30 0 and also detects the pressure P 3 of the high pressure section HS with the pressure sensor 3 30 (step S 5 4 0).
  • step S 5 50 abnormality determination is performed (step S 5 50). If it is determined that there is an abnormality as a result of this determination (step S 5 60: Y es), the driver is informed (step S 5 70), and the abnormality detection routine is terminated.
  • the pressure regulating valve 2 1 0 is configured as a modulatable pressure valve, the pressure regulating valve 2 ⁇ 0 can be fully opened without reducing the pressure in the low pressure part LS by hydrogen consumption treatment. This makes it possible to easily detect hydrogen leaks. In addition, hydrogen consumption can be reduced. (Second modification)
  • FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the overall configuration of a fuel cell system ⁇ 0 0 b as a second modification.
  • FIG. The illustrated fuel cell system 1 0 0 b has substantially the same configuration as the fuel cell system 1 100 shown in FIG. 1, except that the main stop valve 2 0 0 of the hydrogen supply flow path 2 4 and the hydrogen flow meter
  • the buffer tank 2 1 is connected between 3 0 and 0.
  • the buffer tank 21 when hydrogen is supplied from the hydrogen tank 20 to the hydrogen supply passage 24, the hydrogen is temporarily stored.
  • this buffer function can be used when the main stop valve 20 and the purge valve 24 0 are closed to detect an abnormality.
  • hydrogen is supplied to the hydrogen supply channel 24. Therefore, if a hydrogen leak has occurred, the hydrogen leak can be detected over a longer period of time, and the leak detection accuracy can be improved.
  • FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing an overall configuration of a fuel cell system 100 c as a third modified example.
  • the purpose is to efficiently detect hydrogen leakage generated downstream of the pressure regulating valve 2 10 with the hydrogen flow meter 3 0 0 provided upstream.
  • the fuel cell system 100c of this modification is intended to detect main stop valve leakage.
  • the fuel cell system 1 0 0 c of this modification has a second pressure regulating valve 2 2 0 and a shirt bag valve 2 3 0 with respect to the hydrogen supply flow path 2 4 of the fuel cell system 1 0 0 shown in FIG.
  • the configuration with added is adopted.
  • a second pressure regulating valve 2 2 0 is provided between the hydrogen flow meter 3 0 0 and the main stop valve 2 0 0, and the shirt valve 2 between the pressure regulating valve 2 1 0 and the hydrogen flow meter 3 0 0 30 is provided.
  • the pressure regulating valve 2 1 0 in the first embodiment described above is referred to as a first pressure regulating valve 2 10.
  • the shirt bag valve 230 corresponds to the second shut-off valve described in the claims.
  • the hydrogen supply flow path 2 4 of this modification has two pressure regulating valves (first pressure regulating valve 2 1 0 and second pressure regulating valve
  • the pressure of hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen tank 20 is reduced stepwise. Therefore, the sections defined by these pressure regulating valves are called the high pressure part HS, the medium pressure part MS, and the low pressure part LS, as shown in the figure.
  • the hydrogen flow meter 3 0 0 and the shirt bag valve 2 in order to detect the pressure P 2 of the intermediate pressure part M S, the hydrogen flow meter 3 0 0 and the shirt bag valve 2
  • a pressure sensor 3 2 0 is provided between 3 and 0. Note that the pressure sensor 3 2 0 provided in the medium pressure part MS does not require pressure resistance performance as much as the pressure sensor 3 3 0 provided in the high pressure part HS, so it has better measurement accuracy than the pressure sensor 3 3 0 in the high pressure part HS. Can be adopted.
  • Fig. 9 is a flowchart of the abnormality detection routine for detecting main stop valve leakage. This abnormality detection routine is assumed to be executed when the system is stopped, and in the initial state, the shirt bag valve 230 is open. When this routine is executed, the control computer 400 first closes the main stop valve 20 0 0 and the purge valve 2 4 0 (step S 6 0 0) to close the anode side pipe.
  • the hydrogen consumption process is executed (step S 6 1 0). Then, the control computer 400 detects the pressure P 2 of the intermediate pressure unit MS using the pressure sensor 3 20 (step S 6 20), and the pressure P 2 reaches the predetermined target value. It is determined whether or not the pressure has been reduced (step S 6 30). If the pressure has not been reduced to the target value (step S 6 30: N 0), the process returns to step S 6 10 and the hydrogen consumption process is continue. As the target value of the pressure P 2, a pressure at which the second pressure regulating valve 2 20 is fully opened is set.
  • Step S 6 30 If it is determined in step S 6 30 above that pressure P 2 has dropped to the target value (Ste S 6 3 0: Y es), the second pressure regulating valve 2 20 and the first pressure regulating valve 2 10 are fully open, so the pressure state of the low pressure part LS, medium pressure part MS, and high pressure part HS is All are the same. Therefore, the control computer 4 0 0 is partitioned by the main stop valve 2 0 0 and the shirt 1 valve 2 3 0 by closing the shirt 1 2 3 0 (step S 6 4 0). The closed section is closed.
  • the control computer 4 0 0 detects the flow rate Q by the hydrogen flow meter 3 0 0 and the pressure sensor
  • the pressure P 2 is detected by 3 20 (step S 6 5 0), and the abnormality is judged (step S 6 60).
  • the value of the pressure P 2 rises, it can be determined that a main stop valve leak has occurred.
  • the value of the pressure P 2 decreases, a leak has occurred in the shirt supply valve 2 3 0 or the hydrogen supply flow path 2 4 between the main stop valve 2 0 0 and the shirt supply valve 2 3 0. Can be determined.
  • step S 6 60 If it is determined that there is an abnormality as a result of the abnormality determination in step S 6 60 (step S 6 60), the control computer 4 0 0 informs the driver (step S 6 7 0). End the anomaly detection routine.
  • the pressure sensor 3 2 0 of the intermediate pressure part MS which has higher measurement accuracy than the pressure sensor 3 3 0 provided in the high pressure part HS, can be used. It becomes possible to detect stop valve leakage.
  • step S 6 30 above it is determined that each pressure regulating valve is fully opened when the pressure P 2 of the intermediate pressure part MS after the hydrogen consumption treatment reaches the target value.
  • the pressure P 2 of the medium pressure part MS and the pressure P 3 of the high pressure part HS are detected and compared, and when both pressures are the same, it is determined that each pressure regulating valve is fully opened. Also good.
  • FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing the overall configuration of a fuel cell system 100 d as the second embodiment.
  • the fuel cell system 100 d of this embodiment employs a configuration in which a second pressure regulating valve 2 20 and a pressure sensor 3 20 are added to the fuel cell system 1 100 shown in FIG. That is, a configuration similar to the fuel cell system 100 c shown in FIG. 8 is adopted.
  • FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing changes in state quantities in a normal state in which no hydrogen leakage occurs in the fuel cell system 100 d of the present embodiment.
  • the flow rate of hydrogen is only the flow rate Q 0 «Q) that permeates to the force sword side due to cross leak.
  • the pressure P 1 of the low pressure part LS decreases, but when the pressure P 1 of the low pressure part LS decreases, the first pressure regulating valve 2 1 0 is opened, and hydrogen is supplied from the medium pressure part MS to the low pressure part LS.
  • the pressure P 1 of the low pressure part LS is kept constant as long as the pressure P 2 of the medium pressure part MS is higher than the pressure ⁇ of the low pressure part LS.
  • each pressure regulating valve is fully opened and becomes non-regulated, and the pressure state of each pressure section is the same, reducing the flow rate.
  • the time point at which this starts is called the flow rate change point, and the time from the closing of the main stop valve 20 00 and the purge valve 240 to the flow rate change point is T 1.
  • the volume of the low-pressure part LS downstream of the hydrogen flow meter 300 and the pressure before decompression are V 0, ⁇ 0 and the low-pressure part LS upstream of the hydrogen flow meter 300, respectively.
  • T 1 (P 2 V 2 + P 3 V 3) / Q 0-(P 0 V 2 + P 0 V 3) / Q 0 ... (1)
  • T 1 ⁇ P n V n / Q 0 ... (1 b)
  • FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing changes in the hydrogen flow rate when hydrogen leakage occurs downstream of the hydrogen flow meter 300.
  • the solid line graph in the figure shows the change in flow rate when a hydrogen leak occurs, and the broken line graph shows the change in normal flow rate when there is no leak.
  • the hydrogen flow rate Q detected by the hydrogen flow meter 300 is less than the hydrogen flow rate Q 0 due to cross leak by ⁇ ⁇ 91. Only more. Therefore, hydrogen quickly flows out from the hydrogen supply flow path 24, and the time ⁇ to reach the flow rate change point is shorter than the time ⁇ 1 when there is no leakage.
  • FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing changes in the hydrogen flow rate when hydrogen leakage occurs upstream of the hydrogen flow meter 300.
  • the solid line graph in the figure shows the change in flow rate when a downstream leak occurs, and the broken line graph shows the change in normal flow rate when there is no leak. If hydrogen leakage occurs upstream of the hydrogen flow meter 30 0, as shown in the figure, the hydrogen flow rate Q detected by the hydrogen flow meter 3 0 0 is the hydrogen flow rate due to cross leak until the flow rate change point. Same as Q 0.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart of an abnormality detection routine that is executed when the fuel cell system 100 d is stopped in the second embodiment.
  • the abnormality detection routine is the same as in the first embodiment, for example, when the vehicle is completely stopped by turning off the idle switch, or during so-called intermittent operation, that is, when the fuel cell 10 generates power.
  • the control computer 400 first closes the main stop valve 20 00 and the purge valve 24 0 (step S 7 0 0).
  • the hydrogen flow meter 3 0 0 detects the hydrogen flow rate Q, and the elapsed time T after the main stop valve 2 0 0 and the purge valve 2 4 0 are closed is measured by a timer or the like built in the control computer 4 0 0. Measure (Step S 7 1 0). After that, when the pressure sensor 3 1 0 and the pressure sensor 3 3 0 are used to detect the pressure P 1 of the low pressure part LS and the pressure P 3 of the high pressure part HS (step S 7 2 0), the control computer 4 0 0 Then, it is determined whether or not the pressure P 1 and the pressure P 3 match (Step S 7 30).
  • step S 7 30: Y es if it is determined that the pressure 1 and the pressure P 3 match (step S 7 30: Y es), the first pressure regulating valve 2 1 0 and the second pressure regulating valve 2 2 0 are fully opened. As the flow rate change point is reached and it can be determined that the system is in a leak-detectable state, the process proceeds to the next step S7440. On the other hand, if the pressure 1 and the pressure P 3 do not match (step S 7 30: N 0), the process returns to the above step S 7 10 and loops the above process until the flow rate change point is reached. .
  • step S 7 30 if pressure P 1 and pressure P 3 match, and the flow rate change point is reached, control computer 40 0 0 will have the behavior of flow rate Q detected in step S 7 10 0 It is determined whether or not the flow rate is larger than the standard flow rate Q 0 when there is no flow rate (step S 74 0).
  • the flow rate Q 0 can be determined experimentally and experimentally and stored in the ROM in advance. If the flow rate Q is larger than the flow rate Q 0 (step S 7 4 0: Y es) as shown in FIG. It is determined that a hydrogen leak has occurred, and the process proceeds to step S770 after step S77.
  • step S 7 40 N 0
  • step S 7 40 N 0
  • step S 7 40 N 0
  • step S 7 40 N 0
  • step S 7 40 N 0
  • step S 7 40 N 0
  • step S 7 40 N 0
  • step S 7 40 N 0
  • step S 7 40 N 0
  • step S 7 40 N 0
  • step S 75 0 it is determined whether or not the time T 1 matches the time
  • step S750: Yes it is determined that there is no abnormality (step S760)
  • step S760 the abnormality detection routine is terminated.
  • step S 7 50 N 0
  • the hydrogen leak It is determined that the error has occurred, and the process proceeds to step S770 after step S770.
  • the value of the time T 1 can be obtained by the above formula (1) or formula (1 b) and stored in the ROM in advance. If it is determined in step S740 that the flow rate Q is greater than the flow rate Q0 (step S740: Yes), or if the time T does not match the time T1 in step S750. If it is determined (step S 7 50: N 0), the control computer 400 further determines whether the time is shorter than the time T 1 when there is no leakage (step S 7 7 0). As a result, the time T is longer than the time T 1 (step S770: N0), and it is determined that a main stop valve leak has occurred (step S780).
  • step S 77 0: Y es if the time stamp is shorter than the time T 1 when there is no leakage (step S 77 0: Y es), it is determined that hydrogen leakage has occurred in any part of the hydrogen supply flow path 24. Therefore, in order to determine whether the leak is occurring either upstream or downstream of the hydrogen flow meter 300, the flow rate Q is detected again by the hydrogen flow meter 30 and the flow rate change point The magnitude 2 of the flow rate that suddenly changed in step 2 (see Fig. 13) is obtained (step S790). As a result, if ⁇ 02 is larger than the predetermined value (step S 800: Y es), it is determined that hydrogen leakage has occurred upstream of the hydrogen flow meter 300 (step S 8 10).
  • step S 800 N 0
  • step S 800 N 0
  • the control computer 400 determines that one of the main stop valve leak, upstream leak, or downstream leak has occurred in the above steps S 7 80, S 8 10 and S 8 2 0, This is notified to the driver (step S 8 30), and the series of abnormality detection routines is terminated.
  • the abnormality detection can be performed in consideration of the hydrogen flow rate due to cross leak, so that hydrogen leakage can be detected with high accuracy.
  • the value of ⁇ 2 is obtained in step S 790 above, it is possible to calculate the upstream leakage amount Q 1 using the value of AQ 2.
  • the hydrogen flow rate Q 0 due to cross leak when each pressure regulating valve is fully opened is subtracted from the hydrogen flow rate Q 0 due to cross leak when each pressure regulating valve is fully opened.
  • AQ 2 is obtained by adding the flow rate (back flow component) caused by upstream leakage Q 1 when the valve is fully open.
  • the following formula (2) is obtained by formulating this relationship.
  • AQ 2 Q 0 -Q 0 (V- V 0) / V + Q ⁇ V 0 / V... Equation (2 b)
  • the control computer 400 sets each parameter of this equation (2) or (2 b) By substituting the default values (AQ 2, Q 0, V 0 to V 3), the amount of hydrogen leakage Q 1 generated upstream of the hydrogen flow meter 3 0 0 can be calculated.
  • step S 800 instead of ⁇ Q 2, the location of hydrogen leakage may be determined according to the presence or absence of the leak amount Q 1 from the upstream side thus calculated.
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing another embodiment of the abnormality detection routine executed when the fuel cell system 100 d is stopped.
  • the abnormality detection routine described below hydrogen consumption processing is performed for the above-described abnormality detection routine to shorten the time required for leak detection.
  • the control computer 400 first closes the main stop valve 200 and the purge valve 240 (step S900) and executes the hydrogen consumption process (step S91). 0).
  • step S 9 2 0 it is determined whether or not the pressure P 1 and the pressure P 3 match. If the pressure P1 and the pressure P3 do not match, it can be determined that the consumption of hydrogen is still insufficient and the flow rate change point has not been reached, so the process returns to step S910 above. Loop until both pressures match.
  • step S 93 0 If it is determined in step S 93 0 that the pressure P 1 and the pressure P 3 match, the control computer 400 determines that the system is ready for leak detection and is required for the hydrogen consumption process.
  • the time T c is compared with the standard time T d required for the hydrogen consumption process, and it is determined whether or not the time T c is equal to or less than the time T d (step S 94 0). As a result of this determination, if it is determined that time T c is longer than time T d (step S 9 4 0: No), it is determined that the main stop valve leakage has occurred (step S 9 5 0).
  • the time required for the hydrogen consumption treatment can be obtained experimentally or experimentally and stored in the ROM in advance.
  • step S 94 0 Y es
  • the control computer 400 detects the time change rate d Q / dt of the flow rate Q per unit time by means of the hydrogen flow meter 30 0 (step S 96 0).
  • step S 970 it is determined whether or not this time rate of change d QZd t is smaller than the time rate of change d QO / dt when no leakage has occurred (step S 97 0). If d Q / dt is smaller than d Q 0 / dt as a result of this determination (step S 970: Y es), the graphs after the flow rate change point are displayed as shown in Fig. 12 and Fig. 13. Since it can be determined that the inclination is larger than the inclination at the standard time, it is determined that hydrogen leakage has occurred at any point between the main stop valve 2000 and the purge valve 2 40 (step S 9 80).
  • step S 970 determines that there is no abnormality (step S 990).
  • step S 990 determines that there is no abnormality (step S 990).
  • step S970 of the abnormality detection routine the time change rate dQZd t of the flow rate Q can be calculated by the following equation (3).
  • the following formula (4) can be used to obtain the time rate of change d Q 0 / dt of the flow rate Q 0 when hydrogen leakage does not occur.
  • P 1 is the pressure at which each pressure regulating valve is fully opened
  • V V 0 + V 1 + V 2 + V 3.
  • d Q / dt -Q 2 / (PI ⁇ V) ...
  • d QO / dt -Q0 2 / (P 1 ⁇ V) ...
  • Formula (4) The various embodiments of the present invention have been described above. did.
  • the purge valve is operated from the main stop valve 200 by one hydrogen flow meter 300 or pressure sensor. Hydrogen leakage in the entire anode-side section over 240 can be detected efficiently.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various configurations can be adopted without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
  • hydrogen leakage is detected after the pressure regulating valve is fully opened.
  • the pressure regulating valve is not fully opened but is maintained at a constant opening, It is possible to detect leaks. This is because the pressure before and after the pressure regulating valve becomes the same over time even if the pressure regulating valve is not fully open.

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Abstract

L’invention concerne un système de pile à combustible dans lequel une valve de coupure destinée à interrompre l’arrivée d’hydrogène depuis un moyen d’arrivée d’hydrogène jusqu’à un canal d’arrivée d’hydrogène est fermée et une valve de régulation de pression permettant de réduire la pression d’hydrogène dans le canal d’arrivée d’hydrogène est ouverte, maintenant ainsi un état de pression non-régulée lors du contrôle d’une fuite d’hydrogène. Un tel état est appelé un état permettant de détecter une fuite. Dans un tel état, au moins soit la pression soit le débit est détecté comme quantité caractéristique d’hydrogène dans le canal d’arrivée d’hydrogène vers une pile à combustible. La fuite d’hydrogène se produisant en aval du moyen d’arrivée d’hydrogène est détectée en analysant le comportement de la quantité caractéristique dans l’état permettant de détecter une fuite. Une fuite d’hydrogène peut être détectée avec précision dans un système de pile à combustible où une valve de régulation de pression est disposée dans le canal d’arrivée d’hydrogène.
PCT/JP2006/315258 2005-07-27 2006-07-26 Système de pile à combustible WO2007013668A1 (fr)

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DE112006001673T DE112006001673T5 (de) 2005-07-27 2006-07-26 Brennstoffzellensystem
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