WO2007000821A1 - 中間転写ベルト - Google Patents
中間転写ベルト Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007000821A1 WO2007000821A1 PCT/JP2005/011962 JP2005011962W WO2007000821A1 WO 2007000821 A1 WO2007000821 A1 WO 2007000821A1 JP 2005011962 W JP2005011962 W JP 2005011962W WO 2007000821 A1 WO2007000821 A1 WO 2007000821A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- organic compound
- carbon black
- intermediate transfer
- transfer belt
- particles
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/01—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for producing multicoloured copies
- G03G15/0105—Details of unit
- G03G15/0131—Details of unit for transferring a pattern to a second base
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
- G03G15/16—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer
- G03G15/1605—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer using at least one intermediate support
- G03G15/162—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer using at least one intermediate support details of the the intermediate support, e.g. chemical composition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/01—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes for producing multicoloured copies
- G03G2215/0103—Plural electrographic recording members
- G03G2215/0119—Linear arrangement adjacent plural transfer points
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an intermediate transfer belt used in an image forming apparatus employing an electrophotographic process such as an electrophotographic copying machine or a printer.
- image formation by this type of image forming apparatus is performed as follows. That is, an electrostatic latent image is formed by exposing a charged photosensitive drum, a toner image is formed by attaching the toner to the electrostatic latent image, and the toner image is transferred to a recording paper to form an image. Form.
- an electrostatic latent image is formed by exposing a charged photosensitive drum
- a toner image is formed by attaching the toner to the electrostatic latent image
- the toner image is transferred to a recording paper to form an image.
- the method of transferring directly from the photoconductor to the recording paper and the method of transferring the toner image to the intermediate transfer belt and then transferring it to the recording paper have been put into practical use! /
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of the image forming apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- This image forming apparatus is called a tandem type image forming apparatus.
- 10 is a photoconductor as an image carrier
- 11 is a scorotron charger
- 12 is an image writing device
- 13 is a developing device
- 14 is a photosensitive device.
- the image forming unit 1 includes a photoconductor 10, a scorotron charger 11, a developing device 13, a cleaning device 14, and the like, and the mechanical configuration of the image forming unit 1 for each color is the same.
- reference symbols are given to the configuration of only the Y (yellow) series, and the reference symbols are omitted for the components of M (magenta), C (cyan), and K (black).
- the arrangement of the image forming unit 1 for each color is in the order of Y, ⁇ , C, K with respect to the running direction of the intermediate transfer belt 20, and each photoreceptor 10 is a stretched surface of the intermediate transfer belt 20. And rotates at the contact point in the same direction as the traveling direction of the intermediate transfer belt 20 and at the same linear speed.
- the intermediate transfer belt 20 is stretched around a driven roller 21, a transfer roller 22, a tension roller 23, a static elimination roller 27, a drive roller 24, and the like. These rollers and the intermediate transfer belt 20, a transfer device 25, a cleaning device 28, a transfer assist
- the belt unit 3 is composed of rollers 29 and the like.
- the intermediate transfer belt 20 is driven by rotation of a driving roller 24 by a driving motor (not shown).
- the photoreceptor 10 is obtained by forming a conductive layer, a-Si layer, or a photosensitive layer such as an organic photoreceptor (OPC) on the outer periphery of a cylindrical metal base formed of, for example, an aluminum material. Rotate counterclockwise as indicated by the arrow in the figure with the grounded.
- OPC organic photoreceptor
- An electrical signal corresponding to the image data from the image reading device 80 is converted into an optical signal by an image forming laser, and is irradiated onto the photoreceptor 10 by the image writing device 12.
- the developing device 13 is a cylindrical non-magnetic stainless steel or aluminum material that maintains a predetermined distance from the circumferential surface of the photoconductor 10 and rotates in the same direction as the rotation direction of the photoconductor 10.
- the developing sleeve 16 is formed.
- the transfer unit 25 has a function of transferring a toner image formed on the photoreceptor 10 onto the intermediate transfer belt 20 by applying a direct current having a polarity opposite to that of the toner.
- a transfer roller can be used in addition to the corona discharge device.
- Reference numeral 26 denotes an earth roller that can be released from contact with the transfer roller 22 via the intermediate transfer belt 20, and retransfers the toner image formed on the intermediate transfer belt 20 onto the transfer material P.
- the cleaning device 28 is provided to face the driving roller 24 with the intermediate transfer belt 20 interposed therebetween. After the toner image is transferred to the transfer material P, the intermediate transfer belt 20 has its residual toner charge weakened by the static elimination roller 27 to which an AC voltage superimposed with a DC voltage of the same polarity or opposite polarity as the toner is applied. It is rolled and dropped onto the conveying screw 283 by the conveying roller 282.
- [0013] 4 is a fixing device, 41 is a heating roller, 42 is a pressure roller, 43 is a guide plate, 44 is a fixing discharge roller, and 81 is a main body discharge roller.
- 70 is the paper feed roller, 71 is the timing port , 72 is a paper cassette, and 73 is a transport roller.
- a color image is formed by the following image forming process.
- the photoreceptor driving motor (not shown) starts to rotate the photoreceptor 10 of the color signal Y in the counterclockwise direction indicated by the arrow, and at the same time, the scorotron charger 11 charges the photoreceptor 10. Application of a potential is started.
- the image writing device 12 After the photoconductor 10 is applied with a potential, the image writing device 12 starts writing an image corresponding to the Y image data, and corresponds to the Y image of the original image on the surface of the photoconductor 10. An electrostatic latent image is formed.
- the electrostatic latent image is reversely developed in a non-contact state by a Y developing device 13, and a Y toner image is formed on the photoreceptor 10 according to the rotation of the photoreceptor 10.
- the Y toner image formed on the photoconductor 10 is transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 20 by the action of the Y transfer unit 25.
- the photoconductor 10 is cleaned by a cleaning device 14 and enters the next image forming cycle (hereinafter referred to as M, C, K tally-ung process). This is the same as above, and the explanation is omitted).
- the image writing device 12 performs image writing corresponding to the color signal of ⁇ (magenta), that is, the image data of ⁇ , and electrostatics corresponding to the ⁇ image of the original image on the surface of the photoconductor 10.
- a latent image is formed.
- the electrostatic latent image is converted into a toner image on the photosensitive member 10 by the developing unit 13 of the cocoon, and is synchronized with the toner image of the ⁇ ⁇ on the intermediate transfer belt 20 by the ⁇ ⁇ transfer unit 25. It is superimposed on the toner image.
- the superimposed toner image of ⁇ and ⁇ is synchronized, and the C (cyan) toner image is transferred onto the above-mentioned superimposed toner image of ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ in the C transfer device 25.
- the toner image is further synchronized with the superimposed toner image of Y, M, and C, and the K (black) toner image is transferred onto the superimposed toner image of Y, M, and C in the K transfer device 25.
- a superposed toner image of Y, M, C, and ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is formed on the intermediate transfer belt 20.
- the intermediate transfer belt 20 is fed clockwise as indicated by an arrow.
- the transfer material ⁇ is fed from the paper cassette 72 by the paper feed roller 70 and conveyed.
- the toner is conveyed to the timing roller 71 via the roller 73, and the timing roller 71 is driven to synchronize with the superimposed toner image on the intermediate transfer belt 20, and a DC voltage having the same polarity as the toner is applied to the toner image.
- the charge of the residual toner is weakened by the neutralizing roller 27, and the intermediate transfer belt 20 is cleaned by the cleaning blade 281 in contact with the intermediate transfer belt 20, and the next image forming cycle starts.
- the transfer material P onto which the superimposed toner image has been transferred is further sent to the fixing device 40, and heat and pressure are applied at the top portion T between the heating roller 41 and the pressure roller 42.
- the transfer material P which is nipped and conveyed and on which the superimposed toner images are melted and fixed, is discharged to a discharge tray 82 by a discharge roller 81.
- the intermediate transfer belt holds and conveys the superimposed toner images, and further plays a role of transferring them onto the transfer material P. Further, after the transfer, the intermediate transfer belt is mechanically driven by the cleaning blade 281. The surface is also required to have friction resistance in order to be subjected to excessive stress.
- the intermediate transfer belt 20 is an endless belt having a volume resistivity of 10 6 to 10 12 ⁇ ⁇ « ⁇ , and is a seamless belt having a two-layer structure including a base and a toner filming prevention layer. It is described that it is preferable.
- conductive materials are dispersed in engineering plastics such as modified polyimide, thermosetting polyimide, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, nylon alloy, etc., with a thickness of 0.1 to 1. Omm.
- carbon black is widely adopted as a conductive material to be added.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-37586
- the intermediate transfer belt using carbon black available as a conductive material as a conductive material has a problem in that density unevenness occurs when an image having a uniform density is developed. . According to the study by the inventors, this is due to the fact that the resistance characteristic varies depending on the portion of the intermediate transfer roller, and it has been found that carbon black dispersed in the substrate is one of the causes.
- carbon black exists as secondary particles in which a plurality of basic particles are chemically and physically bonded, that is, as aggregates (also called structures) (Fig. 7).
- This agglomerate has a complex agglomerated structure branched into irregular chains.
- the aggregates also form secondary aggregates due to Van der Waals force, simple aggregation, adhesion, and entanglement, it was difficult to obtain a sufficient micro-dispersed structure.
- it may have a complicated shape, and even if dispersed in the above-described substrate medium, it is difficult for these compositions to exhibit uniform resistance characteristics.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an intermediate transfer belt capable of forming a high-quality toner image.
- An intermediate transfer belt that is wound around at least a pair of support shafts and to which a toner image on a photoconductor is transferred, and has at least one resin layer, and the resin layer is formed on the substrate surface.
- An intermediate transfer belt in which carbon black having a number average particle diameter of 5 to 300 nm and primary particles of 5% or more on a number basis is dispersed in a fat material.
- primary particles in the present application will be described. Ordinary carbon black exists in the form of aggregates, but these aggregates are in a form in which a plurality of basic particles are chemically aggregated physically.
- primary particles refer to the basic particles. However, it does not refer to the basic particles in the state of constituting the aggregate, but refers to particles that are separated and separated stably from the aggregate force.
- secondary particles refer to aggregates formed by aggregation of basic particles.
- secondary aggregates in which aggregates are aggregated are also collectively referred to as secondary particles in the present application.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between secondary particles and basic particles.
- the state in which the basic particles are aggregated is defined as secondary particles.
- Fig. 2 shows the state in which the basic particles constituting the secondary particles are separated from the secondary particles and exist stably, and the particles existing as a single basic particle are defined as primary particles.
- the carbon black of the present invention has a ferret diameter number average particle diameter in the range of 5 to 300 nm.
- the measurement target of the number average particle diameter of the ferret diameter is primary particles and secondary particles of carbon black that exist stably.
- the aggregate is an object to be measured, and the basic particles in the aggregate are not measured.
- the carbon black existing as aggregates is appropriately selected so that the basic particle diameter of the carbon black falls within the above range, or the aggregate is primary particles. This can be achieved by changing the manufacturing conditions to divide into children.
- the number average particle diameter of the ferret diameter can be observed with an electron microscope.
- the average particle size of carbon black such as rosin
- the average particle size of carbon black was taken with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) at a magnification of 100,000 times, and 100 particles were selected as appropriate. May be issued.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the ferret diameter used in the present invention represents the maximum length in any one direction of each carbon black particle over the plurality of carbon black particles photographed by the electron microscope.
- the maximum length is the distance between parallel lines when two parallel lines that are perpendicular to the above-mentioned arbitrary direction and are in contact with the outer diameter of the particle are drawn.
- an arbitrary one direction 1201 is defined for a photograph 1300 of carbon black particles 1200 taken by an electron microscope!
- the distance between two straight lines 1202 perpendicular to the arbitrary one direction 1201 and in contact with each carbon black particle 1200 is the ferret diameter 1203.
- the carbon black of the present invention preferably has a number average particle diameter of the ferret diameter of the primary particles of 2 to 100 nm. In particular, it is 3 to 80 nm.
- the method for measuring the number average particle size of the primary particles is in accordance with the method for measuring the number average particle size of the carbon black. However, the number of measured particles shall be 100 primary particles.
- the carbon black of the present invention contains 5% or more primary particles in the carbon black based on the number.
- the upper limit is 100%. These ratios vary depending on the industrial field to which they are applied. However, the higher the proportion of primary particles, the better the product performance in the industrial field to which it is applied. If it is a resin molding, mechanical strength, surface glossiness, etc. will improve. Specifically, 10% or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, 40 % Or more and 50% or more in this order.
- the ratio of primary particles is measured in the same manner using the above-mentioned electron microscope, but the number of measured particles is calculated by counting the primary particles present in 1000 carbon black particles.
- the surface of the carbon black particles finally present stably be surface-treated (including grafting) with an organic compound or the like.
- the grafting rate is defined below.
- Grafting rate is expressed as (( ⁇ - ⁇ ) / ⁇ ) X 100 (%), where Y is the amount of organic compound before reaction and ⁇ is the extracted organic compound.
- the graft ratio is preferably 50% or more. Dispersibility improves as the surface is evenly treated.
- the carbon black of the present invention has at least a surface grafted with a force having an active free radical, which will be described later, or an organic compound that can be generated.
- a suitable production method that can be used in the present invention includes at least the following steps.
- radicals are generated on the surface of the structure, which is the smallest agglomeration unit, by heat or mechanical force, and the surface is treated with an organic compound that can capture these radicals.
- This step effectively reduces the re-aggregation sites that have been agglomerated due to the strong agglomeration force between the carbon blacks, and prevents the primary particles of the structure and carbon black from aggregating and adhering.
- the surface treatment includes a treatment for adsorbing the surface with an organic compound and a treatment for grafting the organic compound.
- the organic compound is grafted on the entire surface of the secondary particles on the portion other than the surface separated from the secondary particle force! It is preferable to graft an organic compound on the surface of the carbon black in this step in order to make primary particles exist stably after the grafting step described later.
- the surface treatment can be performed by mixing carbon black aggregates with a force having active free radicals or an organic compound that can be generated.
- this surface treatment it is preferable to include a mixing step for applying a mechanical shearing force.
- the surface of the carbon black secondary particles is activated in the process of applying mechanical shearing force, and the organic compound itself is also activated by shearing force, resulting in a so-called radical state.
- an apparatus capable of applying a mechanical shearing force is preferable.
- the preferred mixing apparatus used in the surface treatment step in the present invention is a borombo system mixer (manufactured by Thermo Electron), a refiner, a single screw extruder, a twin screw extruder, a planetary screw extruder, a cone screw extruder. Machines, continuous kneaders, sealed mixers, Z-type kneaders, etc. can be used.
- the degree of mixture filling in the mixing zone in the mixer is 80% or more.
- a mechanical shearing force can be uniformly applied to the entire particles by making the state full at the time of mixing.
- the degree of fullness is low, the transmission of shearing force is insufficient, the activity of carbon black and organic compounds cannot be increased, and grafting may not progress easily.
- the temperature of the mixing zone is preferably equal to or higher than the melting point of the organic compound, preferably within the melting point + 200 ° C, and more preferably within the melting point + 150 ° C.
- surface treatment is performed by using electromagnetic waves such as ultrasonic waves, microwaves, ultraviolet rays and infrared rays, ozone action, oxidizing agent action, chemical action and Z or mechanical shear force action in combination. It is possible to change the process time.
- the mixing time is about 15 seconds to 120 minutes depending on the desired degree of surface treatment. Preferably 1 to: LOO minutes.
- the organic compound used for the surface treatment is preferably added in the range of 5 to 300 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the carbon black to perform the surface treatment step. More preferably, it is 10 to 200 parts by weight.
- the organic compound can be uniformly attached to the surface of the bonbon black, and further, sufficient to attach to the separation surface generated when the secondary particles are formed. The amount can be made small. For this reason, it is possible to effectively prevent the decomposed primary particles from aggregating again, and carbon black produced by an organic compound that is excessively present in the finished carbon black, which is generated when added in excess of the amount of added calories. The possibility of losing inherent properties is reduced.
- (B) A step of imparting mechanical shearing force to carbon black containing at least secondary particles to form primary particles, and grafting an organic compound onto the separated surface where the secondary particle force is separated.
- This is a step of cleaving carbon black in which the re-aggregation sites are reduced in the surface treatment step to form primary particles from secondary particles, and at the same time grafting with an organic compound on the surface to form stable primary particles. That is, for example, the mechanical shear force is It is applied to the carbon black surface-treated with the organic compound, and the organic compound is grafted to the agglomerated portion of the basic particle while causing cracks in the agglomerated portion of the basic particle, thereby suppressing the reaggregation of the carbon black.
- the cracked part is expanded, and the organic compound is grafted to the separation surface generated by the cleavage while forming primary particles, and finally separated as primary particles
- the active part capable of agglomeration is not present, so that it is present as a stable secondary particle.
- the organic compound itself is also activated by the mechanical shearing force, and the grafting is promoted.
- carbon black grafted with an organic compound refers to carbon black in which an organic compound portion is grafted onto a carbon black portion.
- grafting as defined here is defined by Jean-Baptiste Donnet et al. In his book “Carbon Black” (published on May 1, 1978 by Kodansha). The force is the irreversible addition of an organic compound to a substrate such as Bon Black.
- the grafting step is a step of grafting at least a force having an active free radical in the cracked portion or an organic compound that can be generated, but a graph toy wrinkle may occur simultaneously in addition to the cracked portion. Also, it may be executed simultaneously or as a separate process during the progress of the surface treatment process.
- a crack it is preferable to cause a crack by applying at least a mechanical shearing force. It is desirable to place the carbon black (structure) surface-treated with an organic compound in a place where mechanical shearing force is applied and to adjust the surface-treated carbon black from the structure to primary particles. When applying this mechanical shearing force, other means for causing cracks described above may be used in combination.
- the mechanical shearing force here is preferably a shearing force similar to the mechanical shearing force in the surface treatment step described above.
- the action of the mechanical shear force causes the carbon black to be finely divided from the aggregate to the primary particles. It is also possible to generate active free radicals by breaking the chain inside the carbon black, which is not a force if it is made into particles.
- the organic compound capable of generating or having a free radical used in the present invention is an organic compound that can be cleaved under the action of a mechanical shear force field to have or generate an active free radical, for example. Contains compounds. If the active free radicals cannot be sufficiently formed only by the action of mechanical cutting force, they are exposed to electromagnetic waves such as ultrasonic waves, microwaves, ultraviolet rays, and infrared rays, under the action of ozone, or under the action of an oxidizing agent. , The number of active free radicals can be complemented.
- Polylab system mixer manufactured by Thermo Electron
- refiner single screw extruder, twin screw extruder, planetary screw extruder, cone screw extruder, continuous kneading machine Machines, sealed mixers, Z-types, etc.
- the conditions for applying the mechanical cutting force are preferably the same as those for the surface treatment described above from the viewpoint of effectively applying the mechanical shearing force.
- mechanical energy can be imparted to the entire particle uniformly effectively and continuously, so that grafting can be performed efficiently and uniformly. Is preferable.
- the organic compound to be added may be gradually or intermittently added so that the organic compound becomes a predetermined amount. Add a certain amount in advance at the start of the surface process, and run until the grafting process! /.
- the organic compound used in the grafting step as the material to be grafted with the organic compound used in the surface treatment step as the surface treatment material may be the same or different.
- the grafting step described above is performed under conditions that are equal to or higher than the melting point of the organic compound used.
- the upper limit of the temperature condition is particularly preferably within the melting point of the organic compound + 200 ° C., more preferably within the melting point + 150 ° C., from the viewpoint of promoting the graft reaction and fragmentation of the primary particles.
- the temperature is set with respect to the melting point of the organic compound having the highest melting point.
- the mechanical shearing force application time described above depends on the amount and scale of the sample, but in order to perform the process sufficiently, it is 1 minute or more and 100 minutes or less to improve the uniformity of the reaction. It is preferable from the viewpoint.
- the reaction gives a shearing force at or above the melting temperature of the organic compound, the organic compound becomes liquid, so that it can evenly fit on the surface of the solid carbon black and effectively advance the reaction. .
- a solvent is used, the uniformity is improved, but the energy transfer when applying a mechanical shearing force is reduced, so the level of activity is reduced, and the graphing is effective. It is estimated that it will be difficult to proceed.
- the method for adjusting the amount of primary particles is not particularly limited, but it can be adjusted by changing the above-mentioned conditions for applying the mechanical shearing force. More specifically, the mechanical shearing force can be changed by adjusting the mixing degree of the mixing zone in the mixer for applying the shearing force to 80% or more and changing the filling degree. The proportion of primary particles can be adjusted. Furthermore, it can also be adjusted by changing the stirring torque at the time of mixing. As a method for adjusting this torque, in addition to the above-mentioned fullness, it can also be controlled by the stirring rotation speed and the stirring temperature. More specifically, when the temperature at the time of mixing is lowered, the viscosity of the molten organic compound is increased, so that the torque is increased and the resultant shear force is increased. That is, the abundance of primary particles increases.
- Examples of usable carbon black include carbon black having a force-aggregate structure in which any commercially available carbon black such as furnace black, channel black, acetylene black, and lamp black can be used.
- This aggregate structure means a carbon black that has been formed into a secondary particle that is formed by agglomeration of primary particles, which are basic particles, and has a structure structure, and also has a so-called aggregate force of primary particles. .
- sufficient oxygen-containing functional groups such as carboxyl groups, quinone groups, phenol groups, and rataton groups, and layer surfaces on the surface of the carbon black. It is desirable that there are many active hydrogen atoms at the periphery.
- the carbon black used in the present invention preferably has an oxygen content of 0.1% or more and a hydrogen content of 0.2% or more.
- the oxygen content The force is 10% or less
- the hydrogen content is 1% or less.
- the oxygen content and the hydrogen content are respectively obtained by dividing the number of oxygen elements or the number of hydrogen elements by the total number of elements (sum of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen elements).
- the surface treatment of the organic compound onto the carbon black can facilitate the graft reaction.
- the organic compound used to surface-treat carbon black in the surface treatment process or to graft onto the carbon black in the grafting process is a force with free radicals or an organic compound that can be generated. .
- the conditions for generating the free radical are not particularly limited. However, in the case of the organic compound used in the present invention, the free radical is removed during the grafting step. It is necessary to be in the possessed state.
- the organic compound includes at least a compound capable of generating a free radical by electron transfer, a compound capable of generating a free radical by thermal decomposition, and a compound capable of generating a free radical as a result of the structure of the compound being cleaved by shearing force or the like. preferable.
- the molecular weight is preferably 50 or more, and the upper limit is preferably 1500 or less. .
- the molecular weight is preferably 50 or more, and the upper limit is preferably 1500 or less.
- the organic compounds used in the surface treatment step and the grafting step may be the same or different, and plural types of organic compounds may be added to each step. In order to control the reaction temperature and simplify other conditions, it is desirable that the organic compounds used in the surface treatment process and the grafting process be the same.
- organic compound examples include organic compounds capable of trapping free radicals on the carbon black surface of phenolic compounds, amine compounds, phosphate ester compounds, and thioether compounds. it can.
- antioxidants of phosphate ester compounds, thiol compounds, and thioether compounds can also be used. A plurality of these organic compounds may be used in combination. Depending on the combination, various surface treatment characteristics can be exhibited.
- These organic compounds preferably do not have an isocyanate group in order to reliably control the reaction. That is, when an organic compound having excessive reactivity is used, a uniform grafting reaction is difficult to be formed, and it may be necessary to use a large amount of reaction time and amount of the organic compound. The reason for this is not clear, but when an organic compound with high reactivity as described above is used, the reaction proceeds in addition to the surface active sites and is formed by the mechanical shear force that is the original purpose. It is presumed that the reaction to the active point is insufficient.
- R C 9 H 1 (Organic compound 96)
- Phenolic organic compounds (Organic compound 161)
- the intermediate transfer belt 200 of the present embodiment is an endless belt that is used by being laid over a plurality of rollers.
- the intermediate transfer belt 200 and the outer periphery of the base 201 It has a two-layer structure including a toner filming prevention layer 202 formed on the surface.
- the semiconductive film substrate 201 has, for example, a volume resistivity of 10 6 to 10 12 ⁇ ′cm.
- modified polyimide, thermosetting polyimide, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, nylon alloy It is constructed by dispersing a conductive agent such as carbon black in engineering plastics such as, and its thickness is 0.1 to 1. Omm.
- the toner filming preventing layer 202 is, for example, a fluorine coating having a thickness of 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- a semiconductive rubber belt having a thickness of 0.5 to 2.0 mm in which a conductive material is dispersed in silicon rubber, urethane rubber or the like can also be used.
- the intermediate transfer belt can be manufactured by, for example, a centrifugal molding method or an extrusion molding method.
- the extrusion molding method applied in Examples and Comparative Examples will be described with reference to FIG.
- the seamless belt manufacturing apparatus 510 is disposed below the molding die 511, the gear pump 515 connected to the resin injection port 512 of the molding die 511, the extruder 514, and the outlet of the molding die 511. It has a sizing die 517, a take-up machine 518 for taking up the cylindrical film F, and a cutting machine 519.
- the resin introduced from the material inlet 516 of the extruder 514 is stirred, mixed, heated, melted and extruded in the extruder 514, and the extruded molten resin is further passed through a gear pump 515 to be converted into a resin. It flows into the mold 511 from the inlet 512.
- the molten resin flowing into the molding die 511 is removed from the inner mandrel and outer mandrel of the molding die 511. It flows down while diffusing through the gap between the dorsels and continuously comes out of the molding die 511 as a molten cylindrical film F.
- the melted cylindrical film F continuously coming out of the molding die 511 is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the sizing die 517 arranged below the outlet of the molding die 511, and Pulled out by the conveyor belt 518a. By being attached to the outer peripheral surface of the sizing mold 517, it is cooled and solidified, and has a predetermined peripheral length and thickness.
- a seamless belt is completed by cutting a ring into a predetermined size with a cutting machine 519.
- the molding die 511 is configured to be heated by winding a band heater around the outer peripheral surface to maintain a predetermined temperature.
- the sizing mold 517 is provided with a cooling water circulation path, and maintains a temperature of about 80 ° C. by circulating the cooling water.
- the sizing mold 517 has a molten cylindrical shape continuously coming out of the molding die 511. A structure for cooling the film F is provided.
- the above-described seamless belt manufacturing apparatus is configured to withstand continuous force at a processing temperature of about + 10 ° C above the melting temperature of the resin, and this seamless belt manufacturing apparatus is used.
- the manufacture of the seamless belt shall be performed by extruding the above-mentioned resin material at a temperature of 280 ° C or higher.
- This twin-screw extruder was mixed with two screws, and PCM-30 (manufactured by Ikegai Seisakusho) was used. It was not modified so that it could be kneaded in a continuous manner, but was modified so that the outlet could be sealed and stirred with two screws. Both were put into the apparatus so that the degree of fullness was 94%, and then stirred while being heated to a first temperature (Tpl) of 160 ° C (melting point + 35 ° C).
- Tpl first temperature
- the first stirring speed (Svl) was set at 30 rotations per minute and the first processing time (T1) was set at 10 minutes, and stirring processing was performed.
- the sample was sampled and the state of the grafted soot was confirmed by Soxhlet extraction. It was found that the grafting rate was about 30%. That is, grafting habits progress on the carbon black surface. It was confirmed that the state became V.
- the second stirring speed (Sv2) was set to 50 revolutions per minute at the number of rotations of the screw
- the second temperature (Tp2) was set to 180 ° C (melting point + 55 ° C)
- more mechanical shearing was performed.
- the condition was changed to a higher one
- the second treatment time (T2) was 60 minutes.
- the organic compound was grafted on the surface of the curve black at a graft ratio of 91%.
- 65% by number of primary particles were present.
- the number average particle diameter of the ferret diameter of carbon black was 42 nm. This carbon black is referred to as “carbon black # 1”.
- Carbon black # 2, # 3, and # 4 were obtained in the same manner except that the production conditions for carbon black # 1 were as shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- the batch type twin-screw extruder used in Example 1 was charged. Subsequently, the mixture was stirred while being heated to 240 ° C. (melting point + 19 ° C.) (Tpl). Stirring was performed at a stirring speed (Svl) of 35 rotations per minute by screw rotation and stirring for 15 minutes (T1). Sampling was performed after the stirring treatment, and when the state of grafting was confirmed by Soxhlet extraction, it was found that the grafting rate was about 32%.
- the stirring speed (Sv2) was set to 55 rotations per minute at the number of rotations of the screw
- the heating temperature (second temperature Tp2) was set to 270 ° C (melting point + 49 ° C)
- the mechanical shearing force was further increased.
- the condition was changed to a higher one and the treatment was performed for 70 minutes as the treatment time (T2). Thereafter, it was cooled and the treated carbon black was taken out.
- the organic compound was grafted on the surface with a graft ratio of 72%. Further, 53 number% of primary particles were present.
- the number average particle diameter of the ferret diameter was 48 nm. This carbon black is called “carbon black # 5”.
- carbon black # 1 For carbon black # 1, except that the manufacturing conditions were as shown in Table 1 and Table 2. In the same manner, carbon black # 6 to # 9 were obtained.
- Carbon black # 1 was replaced with Ravenl035 (Columbia Chemical Industries, Ltd.) instead of carbon black (N220, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), and the other conditions were the same as shown in Table 1 and Table 2. Obtained carbon black # 10.
- carbon black # 5 instead of carbon black (N220, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), Ravenl035 (manufactured by Columbia Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used, and other conditions were the same as shown in Table 1 and Table 2. Obtained carbon black # 11.
- Carbon black # 12 to # 13 were obtained in the same manner except that the production conditions for carbon black # 1 were as shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- carbon black (N220, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) is designated as carbon black # 14.
- carbon black # 1 the sample was taken out after 1 minute of the first treatment time (T1). This is carbon black # 15.
- Carbon black # 16 was treated in the same manner except that carbon black was changed to carbon black having a ferret diameter number average particle diameter of 500 m.
- the seamless belt manufacturing apparatus described above As the intermediate transfer belt of Example 1, the seamless belt manufacturing apparatus described above was used. ⁇ ⁇ Polyphenylene sulfide (product name: E2180, manufactured by Torayen clay) is used as the resin material. 100 parts by mass of this resin material, 30 parts by mass of carbon black # 1 as a conductivity-imparting agent, and montanic acid as a lubricant A compounding material was obtained by blending 2 parts by mass of calcium.
- This compounded material is put into the seamless belt manufacturing apparatus 10 described above, and subjected to an extrusion force at a processing temperature of 290 ° C, which is 10 ° C higher than the melting point of the resin material (280 ° C), and a film thickness of 500 m
- a processing temperature of 290 ° C which is 10 ° C higher than the melting point of the resin material (280 ° C)
- a film thickness of 500 m An endless belt having a circumference of 400 mm and a surface resistance of 1 ⁇ 10 7 ⁇ Zcm2 was obtained.
- the outer peripheral surface of this endless belt is spray coated with fluorine resin resin purgeon (trade name NEOFLON FFP made by Daikin Industries, Ltd. containing 50 parts by mass of tetrafluoroethylene-16-fluoropolymer), 40 ⁇ m
- fluorine resin resin purgeon trade name NEOFLON FFP made by Daikin Industries, Ltd. containing 50 parts by mass of tetrafluoroethylene-16-fluoropolymer
- An intermediate transfer belt was manufactured by forming a dielectric layer (toner filming preventing layer) having a thickness of 5 mm.
- Example 2 12 Comparative Example 15 As a conductivity imparting agent for the intermediate transfer belt of Example 1 and The same manufacturing method and materials as in Example 1 were used except that carbon black # 2 to # 17 were used instead of carbon black # 1 used.
- Carbon blacks # 2 to # 12 are Examples 2 to 12, and carbon blacks # 13 to # 16 are Comparative Examples 1 to 5.
- the density of the solid image is higher when the image is formed using the intermediate transfer belt of the embodiment according to the present invention than when the image is formed using the developing roller of the comparative example. Unevenness was reduced, and improvement in image quality was confirmed.
- the extrusion method has been described as an example of the method for producing the intermediate transfer belt.
- the intermediate transfer belt of the present invention is produced by this production method.
- it is not limited to those produced, but may be produced by a centrifugal molding method as introduced in JP-A-61-95361.
- the centrifugal molding method is used, the conventional carbon black has a broad secondary particle size distribution, so the particle size distribution occurs in the thickness direction of the intermediate transfer belt, and uniform conductive performance cannot be obtained.
- carbon black having a number average particle diameter of the ferret diameter of 5 to 300 nm and primary particles of 5% or more on the basis of the number as exemplified in carbon black 1 to 12 is used. By using it, such problems can be solved.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between secondary particles and basic particles.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a state in which the basic particles constituting the secondary particles are separated from the secondary particles and exist stably.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the diameter of a flange used in the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of an intermediate transfer belt 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a seamless belt manufacturing apparatus 10 employed in examples and comparative examples of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a general electrophotographic image forming apparatus employing an intermediate transfer belt.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a conventional carbon black aggregate (structure).
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2007523269A JP4407751B2 (ja) | 2005-06-29 | 2005-06-29 | 中間転写ベルト |
PCT/JP2005/011962 WO2007000821A1 (ja) | 2005-06-29 | 2005-06-29 | 中間転写ベルト |
US11/916,581 US7817949B2 (en) | 2005-06-29 | 2005-06-29 | Intermediate transfer belt for image-forming apparatuses |
CN200580050935XA CN101213495B (zh) | 2005-06-29 | 2005-06-29 | 中间转印带 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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PCT/JP2005/011962 WO2007000821A1 (ja) | 2005-06-29 | 2005-06-29 | 中間転写ベルト |
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WO2007000821A1 true WO2007000821A1 (ja) | 2007-01-04 |
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PCT/JP2005/011962 WO2007000821A1 (ja) | 2005-06-29 | 2005-06-29 | 中間転写ベルト |
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US (1) | US7817949B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4407751B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101213495B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007000821A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100055445A1 (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2010-03-04 | Xerox Corporation | Hydrophobic polyetherimide/polysiloxane copolymer intermediate transfer components |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8007426B2 (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2011-08-30 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc. | Developing roller |
JP2009020154A (ja) * | 2007-07-10 | 2009-01-29 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc | 電子写真用転写ベルト |
US8886106B2 (en) * | 2011-03-02 | 2014-11-11 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc. | Intermediate transfer belt and method for producing the same |
US10871733B2 (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2020-12-22 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Belt, intermediate transfer belt, and image forming apparatus |
JP2022094202A (ja) * | 2020-12-14 | 2022-06-24 | キヤノン株式会社 | 中間転写体及び画像形成装置 |
Citations (4)
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JPH10120935A (ja) * | 1996-10-18 | 1998-05-12 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 電気抵抗調整材 |
JP2002156835A (ja) * | 2000-11-16 | 2002-05-31 | Nitto Denko Corp | 半導電性ベルト |
JP2004045916A (ja) * | 2002-07-15 | 2004-02-12 | Nitto Denko Corp | 中間転写兼定着ベルトおよびその製造方法 |
JP2004287005A (ja) * | 2003-03-20 | 2004-10-14 | Nitto Denko Corp | 半導電性シームレスベルト及びその製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE69010607T2 (de) * | 1989-10-02 | 1994-12-01 | Canon Kk | Entwickler-Trägerelement, Entwicklungsvorrichtung und Einheit mit dieser Vorrichtung. |
US6489020B1 (en) * | 2000-10-27 | 2002-12-03 | Xerox Corporation | Polyanaline and carbon black filled polyimide intermediate transfer components |
JP2005037586A (ja) | 2003-07-18 | 2005-02-10 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc | 画像形成装置 |
JP4189915B2 (ja) | 2003-12-19 | 2008-12-03 | 株式会社リコー | 中間転写体とその製造方法及びそれを用いた画像形成装置 |
US8007426B2 (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2011-08-30 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc. | Developing roller |
-
2005
- 2005-06-29 CN CN200580050935XA patent/CN101213495B/zh active Active
- 2005-06-29 WO PCT/JP2005/011962 patent/WO2007000821A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-06-29 JP JP2007523269A patent/JP4407751B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-06-29 US US11/916,581 patent/US7817949B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10120935A (ja) * | 1996-10-18 | 1998-05-12 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 電気抵抗調整材 |
JP2002156835A (ja) * | 2000-11-16 | 2002-05-31 | Nitto Denko Corp | 半導電性ベルト |
JP2004045916A (ja) * | 2002-07-15 | 2004-02-12 | Nitto Denko Corp | 中間転写兼定着ベルトおよびその製造方法 |
JP2004287005A (ja) * | 2003-03-20 | 2004-10-14 | Nitto Denko Corp | 半導電性シームレスベルト及びその製造方法 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100055445A1 (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2010-03-04 | Xerox Corporation | Hydrophobic polyetherimide/polysiloxane copolymer intermediate transfer components |
US8623513B2 (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2014-01-07 | Xerox Corporation | Hydrophobic polyetherimide/polysiloxane copolymer intermediate transfer components |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20090116881A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
CN101213495B (zh) | 2011-04-06 |
CN101213495A (zh) | 2008-07-02 |
US7817949B2 (en) | 2010-10-19 |
JPWO2007000821A1 (ja) | 2009-01-22 |
JP4407751B2 (ja) | 2010-02-03 |
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