WO2007000474A1 - Herstellverfahren für eine polfläche in einem elektromagneten, ein anker, ein joch, ein elektromagnet, und ein elektromechanisches schaltgerät - Google Patents
Herstellverfahren für eine polfläche in einem elektromagneten, ein anker, ein joch, ein elektromagnet, und ein elektromechanisches schaltgerät Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007000474A1 WO2007000474A1 PCT/EP2006/063708 EP2006063708W WO2007000474A1 WO 2007000474 A1 WO2007000474 A1 WO 2007000474A1 EP 2006063708 W EP2006063708 W EP 2006063708W WO 2007000474 A1 WO2007000474 A1 WO 2007000474A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electromagnet
- pole face
- milling
- switching device
- yoke
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 101100495769 Caenorhabditis elegans che-1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002844 continuous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- ONUFESLQCSAYKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iprodione Chemical compound O=C1N(C(=O)NC(C)C)CC(=O)N1C1=CC(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1 ONUFESLQCSAYKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
- H01F41/0233—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
- H01F3/02—Cores, Yokes, or armatures made from sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
- H01H50/163—Details concerning air-gaps, e.g. anti-remanence, damping, anti-corrosion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
- H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
- Y10T29/49071—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor by winding or coiling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
- Y10T29/49073—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor by assembling coil and core
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a pole face of a metallic closing element of an electric magnet ⁇ advises particular for an electromechanical switching speed.
- the invention further relates to a yoke and an armature and an electromagnet, in particular for an electromechanical switching device.
- an electromechanical switching device such as a contactor or a relay
- electromagnetic actuator Trie ⁇ make the electrical connections electromagnetic actuator Trie ⁇ be needed.
- a significant part in such actuators is as closing elements an armature and a yoke comprehensive electromagnet. If a current flows through the coils of the electromagnet, the armature is accelerated by the resulting magnetic field to the yoke until the armature and yoke on the pole faces each other lie. If the current is turned off by the coils of the electromagnet, armature and yoke are usually opened by mechanical remindstellmit ⁇ tel, such as springs and the like. In order to close and open the electrical contacts, moving contact pieces connected to the armature are moved relative to fixed contact pieces in an electromechanical switching device.
- the pole faces of the closing elements of the electromagnet for an electromechanical switching device must have a certain roughness, whereby the mutual Liability of the pole faces is reduced.
- the pole faces must be flat, since otherwise there is an air gap between the closing elements, which weakens the tributary flow in the magnet system. This leads to a reduction in the holding force and an undesirable increase in the tendency to hum of the switching device.
- the first object is achieved for a method according to the upper ⁇ concept of claim 1 according to the invention in that a surface of a raw stamped part of the closing element to the pole face by a machining method works ⁇ works, eg milled, is.
- the subordinate claims describe various advantageous embodiments of the various aspects of the invention.
- the invention is based on the consideration that a narrow tolerance range with respect to the surface finish of the pole face can not be achieved by grinding. This is because grinding wheels always show an inhomogeneous distribution of the abrasive material applied thereon.
- the shape and also the size of the individual particles of the applied Schleifmateri ⁇ as well as for a given grain size to a considerable variability. For this reason, it is not possible to machine a surface to be treated as precisely as desired by grinding, even if the grinding machines operate completely precisely.
- the invention solves the prejudice in the art that the pole faces of Schwinelemen ⁇ te a particular intended for an electromechanical switching device electromagnet must be treated by grinding.
- the invention recognizes that, in contrast to grinding in a surface removal by milling the described uncertainties do not occur. Unlike grinding wheels cutters have defined cutting, tero only to aging or wear un ⁇ .
- the method described is not limited in terms of its application to special materials or special compositions of the stamped ⁇ parts. In particular, it is for all ferromagnetic materials for the closing elements of
- Electromagnet usable is also used to treat the surfaces of conventional ⁇ for example electromagnet of switching devices laminated closure elements is used.
- a laminated core is used as a raw stamped part, wherein the laminations of the laminated core are packaged transversely to the surface.
- the individual sheets are riveted together.
- the stamped sheets are freed by the use of milling of burrs and bumps.
- the material removal results in the pole surface with the desired surface properties.
- the milling of the surface with the input variables feed speed and speed of the milling tool is controlled and / or regulated.
- the rotational speed of milling tool ⁇ in connection with the feed speed steu ⁇ ert the feed and thus the material removal per tooth or cutting edge of the milling tool. This allows the desired roughness and the desired flatness of the pole surface to be set.
- the second object with regard to an electromagnet is achieved according to the invention in that it has a metallic has sches closing element, the pole face is made according to the ⁇ be described method.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows the milling treatment of the surface of a closing element of an electromagnet designed as a laminated core
- FIG. 2 schematically shows an electromagnet for an electromechanical switching device
- FIG. 5 shows a processing station in the production line
- FIG. 6 shows a lifting device in the processing station
- Figure 7-9 possible relative movement between the work piece carrier ⁇ and the cutters in the milling station.
- the milling cutter used was a standard cutter with three cutters designed as turning inserts. It was mm at a fixed depth of cut of 0.055 and an average width of 25 mm above the table feed at a constant rotational speed of the milling tool of 1492 revolutions varies To ⁇ mm per minute, the feed per tooth from .02 to .125.
- Example 3 In a further series of experiments, the pole faces of a laminated armature were produced as a closing element of an electromagnet for a contactor by milling. The same milling machine and the same milling tool as in Step Example 1 and used ⁇ len. 2 With a fixed cutting depth of 0.08 mm, a cutting width of 25 mm and a speed of the milling tool of 1492 revolutions per minute, the feed per tooth was again varied between 0.02 and 0.125 mm via the table feed.
- the achievement of the desired values for evenness, roughness and load-bearing ratio was checked in each case.
- the over all average flatness according to DIN 4768 an average roughness and the carrying percentage determined.
- the average flatness designated ⁇ net while the mean deviation of the surface from the given or before ⁇ desired shape.
- the average roughness measures the average distance of a measurement point on a top surface ⁇ to the average surface level, that is the arithmetic mean of deviation.
- the carrying percentage is defined as the proportion of the area lying between recesses on the total area and was determined at a penetration depth of 5 ⁇ m.
- the closing element 1 for example, the armature of the electromagnet, is composed of packetized sheets 3.
- the milling cutter is moved in predetermined paths with respect to the marked directions X and Y via the contact surface 5.
- the milling cutter 7 has cutting edges 10 for this purpose.
- the cutting edges 10 can be designed in particular as exchangeable turning plates.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows an electromagnet 12 for an electromechanical switching device.
- Anchor 14 and yoke 15 of the electromagnet 12 are laminated and each have a central portion 17 and 18 and two outer pole legs 20 and 22, respectively. In the spaces 23 are - not shown - coils used.
- the pole faces 24 are milled.
- 3 shows an anchor 14, which has been compiled from ge 32 with rivets ⁇ riveted metal sheets.
- the outer pole faces 24, ie the end faces of the pole legs 22 of the armature 14, are milled according to the invention. Also, the pole face 31 of the middle pole leg 18 can be milled.
- FIG. 4 shows a yoke 15, which has also been assembled from rivets 32 riveted sheets.
- the outer pole ⁇ surfaces 24, that is, the end faces of the pole leg 20 of the yoke 15, are milled according to the invention. Since the average Polschen ⁇ angle 17 of the yoke 15 as the outer pole ⁇ leg is generally shorter 20, the pole face is preferably of the mitt ⁇ sized pole piece 17 is not milled 41st However, the pole face 41 can also be milled if the middle pole leg 17 is not shorter or if a size-matching milling cutter 7 is present.
- an electromagnet is implemented with an armature 14 and a yoke 15 of the type mentioned above.
- the coil is then inserted around the middle pole leg 18 of the armature 14.
- the armature 14 and / or the yoke 15 are also oiled.
- an improved damping is achieved when the armature 14 bounces against the yoke 15 when the electromagnetic drive is repeatedly closed.
- FIG. 5 shows a processing station 525, 535, 545 in the production line 510.
- the processing station 525, 535, 545 is designed to implement the method according to the invention.
- Stamped parts 520 which may preferably be both anchors 14 and yokes 15, are conveyed in rows on the conveyor belt.
- the rows 520 of stamped parts coming from the production line 510 are laid on a rotatable conveyor table 526 in the loading station 525 by a first robot 530, preferably in rows.
- the robot 530 also causes the unloading of the conveyor table to the milling station 535.
- the milling station 535 preferably receives the stamped parts to be processed in rows.
- the milling station with two workpiece holders 536A, 536B shown which allows a conti nuous ⁇ handling of the stamped parts.
- Other configurations are also possible.
- the milling of the pole face is performed by a relative movement between one of the workpiece carriers 536A and the milling cutter 7.
- Another robot 540 removes the milled stampings from a workpiece carrier 536A from the milling station 535 and passes them to the unloading station 545, preferably in rows on the rotatable conveyor table 526, as soon as the stamped parts placed on the workpiece carrier 536A are milled. Simultaneously, milling is performed on the other workpiece carrier 536B, and the first robot 530 replenishes the first workpiece carrier 536A.
- the robot 540 restores the milled stampings on the rotating conveyor table 526 to the treadmill 510 via the loading station 555.
- FIG. 6 shows a lifting device in the working ⁇ station 535, with which the stamping parts are lifted before milling.
- the easiest way is the lifting device in the workpiece carrier 536A, 536B, but other constructions are conceivable.
- the anchors 14 or the yokes 15 are, preferably in rows, by movement of a lifting device, such as a Pro raised bar 630.
- the profiled bar 630 rises by an anchoring M mounted legs 631, 632 to mill the ⁇ the workpieces in such a way between the legs 632, 632 and side walls 610 pinch that the pole faces 24, 31 and 41, slightly above the upper edge of the side walls 610 can be raised.
- the stops A in the side walls 610 and in the legs 631, 632 are preferably designed such that they clamp the riveted punched parts around the rivets 32 or next to the rivets 32, but that no or only a minimum force and moment action on the rivets 32 Doomed? ⁇ is gently, avoid to deformations of the pole legs better ver ⁇ .
- FIGS. 7 to 9 show possible relative movements between the workpiece carrier 536 A, 536 B and the milling head 7 in the milling station 535.
- a pole face of a punching element is milled by a progressive movement. In the returning movement then becomes another
- Milled pole face In other words, the milling is in ei ⁇ ne alternating direction, preferably back and forth leads Runaway ⁇ .
- stamping elements are arranged in rows and the rows 520 are adjacent to one another, a relative milling movement is possible, as shown in FIG.
- the number of rows can be changed as desired, the example in Figure 7 shows four rows 520, each with four stamped parts.
- the number of stamped parts can be changed at will ⁇ who.
- the stamped parts are anchors 14, all three Polflä ⁇ Chen 24, 41, 24 are milled. According to the invention, at least the pole faces 24 of the outer pole limbs 20, 22 are milled. If the stamped parts are yokes 15, either all or only the outer pole faces 24 can be milled, depending on how large the yoke 15 is. With a relatively small yoke 15, it may happen that the middle pole face 41 can not be milled. This is particularly the case when the cutter 7 is greater than the distance between the Polflä ⁇ chen 24 of the yoke 15, because preferably the middle pole leg 17 is slightly shorter than the outer pole leg 20. The FIG 8 shows the consequent milling movement.
- milling is a machining method for machining the pole faces, it can not be ruled out that, instead or in addition, another cutting machining method is used, such as planing or turning. However, since the cutting inserts of a milling cutter are completely uncomplicated and inexpensive to renew, milling is preferred here.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electromagnets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2006800187702A CN101185145B (zh) | 2005-06-29 | 2006-06-29 | 电磁体极面的制备方法、衔铁、磁轭、电磁体和机电开关设备 |
EP06763970A EP1897101A1 (de) | 2005-06-29 | 2006-06-29 | Herstellverfahren für eine polfläche in einem elektromagneten, ein anker, ein joch, ein elektromagnet, und ein elektromechanisches schaltgerät |
US11/791,757 US7861402B2 (en) | 2005-06-29 | 2006-06-29 | Method for production of a pole face of a metallic closing element of an electromagnet |
JP2008518854A JP2009500817A (ja) | 2005-06-29 | 2006-06-29 | 電磁石における磁極面の形成のための方法、接極子、継鉄、電磁石、電気機械式開閉器 |
US12/805,133 US8421567B2 (en) | 2005-06-29 | 2010-07-14 | Method for production of a pole face of a metallic closing element of an electromagnet |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005030376A DE102005030376B4 (de) | 2005-06-29 | 2005-06-29 | Herstellverfahren für eine Kontaktfläche in einem Elektromagneten sowie Elektromagnet |
DE102005030376.5 | 2005-06-29 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/791,757 A-371-Of-International US7861402B2 (en) | 2005-06-29 | 2006-06-29 | Method for production of a pole face of a metallic closing element of an electromagnet |
US12/805,133 Division US8421567B2 (en) | 2005-06-29 | 2010-07-14 | Method for production of a pole face of a metallic closing element of an electromagnet |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007000474A1 true WO2007000474A1 (de) | 2007-01-04 |
Family
ID=37188880
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2006/063708 WO2007000474A1 (de) | 2005-06-29 | 2006-06-29 | Herstellverfahren für eine polfläche in einem elektromagneten, ein anker, ein joch, ein elektromagnet, und ein elektromechanisches schaltgerät |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7861402B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1897101A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2009500817A (de) |
CN (1) | CN101185145B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102005030376B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2007000474A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (10)
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DE102005030376B4 (de) | 2005-06-29 | 2009-03-26 | Siemens Ag | Herstellverfahren für eine Kontaktfläche in einem Elektromagneten sowie Elektromagnet |
US10108265B2 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2018-10-23 | Apple Inc. | Calibration of haptic feedback systems for input devices |
WO2013169304A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-14 | Yknots Industries Llc | Determining characteristics of user input to input and output devices |
US20150109223A1 (en) | 2012-06-12 | 2015-04-23 | Apple Inc. | Haptic electromagnetic actuator |
US9886116B2 (en) | 2012-07-26 | 2018-02-06 | Apple Inc. | Gesture and touch input detection through force sensing |
US9304587B2 (en) | 2013-02-13 | 2016-04-05 | Apple Inc. | Force sensing mouse |
US20150242037A1 (en) | 2014-01-13 | 2015-08-27 | Apple Inc. | Transparent force sensor with strain relief |
US10297119B1 (en) | 2014-09-02 | 2019-05-21 | Apple Inc. | Feedback device in an electronic device |
US9939901B2 (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2018-04-10 | Apple Inc. | Haptic feedback assembly |
US9798409B1 (en) | 2015-03-04 | 2017-10-24 | Apple Inc. | Multi-force input device |
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DE10206391B4 (de) * | 2002-02-15 | 2004-02-12 | Siemens Ag | Herstellverfahren der Oberflächengeometrie von Elektromagneten |
EP1385252B1 (de) * | 2002-06-22 | 2004-10-13 | ZF Sachs AG | Elektrische Maschine mit Aussenläufer und einer gegossenen Nabe |
US6737951B1 (en) * | 2002-11-01 | 2004-05-18 | Metglas, Inc. | Bulk amorphous metal inductive device |
TWI269334B (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2006-12-21 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Electromagnetic contactor |
DE102005030376B4 (de) | 2005-06-29 | 2009-03-26 | Siemens Ag | Herstellverfahren für eine Kontaktfläche in einem Elektromagneten sowie Elektromagnet |
GB0603171D0 (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2006-03-29 | Rolls Royce Plc | An actuator |
-
2005
- 2005-06-29 DE DE102005030376A patent/DE102005030376B4/de not_active Revoked
-
2006
- 2006-06-29 EP EP06763970A patent/EP1897101A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-06-29 US US11/791,757 patent/US7861402B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-06-29 JP JP2008518854A patent/JP2009500817A/ja active Pending
- 2006-06-29 WO PCT/EP2006/063708 patent/WO2007000474A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-06-29 CN CN2006800187702A patent/CN101185145B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-07-14 US US12/805,133 patent/US8421567B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
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US4042898A (en) * | 1974-03-13 | 1977-08-16 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Pole piece for use in magnet device and method for manufacturing same |
EP0338175A1 (de) * | 1988-04-22 | 1989-10-25 | MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Ankern des Elektromagnetspulen-Anker-Systems für Matrixdruckköpfe und Anker, insbes. der Klappankerbauart |
DE4120149A1 (de) * | 1989-12-22 | 1992-12-24 | Lungu Cornelius | Magnetantrieb mit druckdichtem hubankerraum |
DE19549180A1 (de) * | 1995-12-30 | 1997-07-03 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Stator für elektrische Maschine |
EP1193724A2 (de) * | 2000-09-18 | 2002-04-03 | Isuzu Motors Limited | Magnet bestehend aus einem Elektromagnet und einem Dauermagnet und Wirbelstrombremse |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101185145B (zh) | 2011-03-16 |
EP1897101A1 (de) | 2008-03-12 |
JP2009500817A (ja) | 2009-01-08 |
DE102005030376B4 (de) | 2009-03-26 |
CN101185145A (zh) | 2008-05-21 |
US8421567B2 (en) | 2013-04-16 |
US20080122561A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
US7861402B2 (en) | 2011-01-04 |
US20100283562A1 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
DE102005030376A1 (de) | 2007-01-04 |
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