WO2006134723A1 - 画像データ処理装置、画像データ処理方法およびプログラム - Google Patents
画像データ処理装置、画像データ処理方法およびプログラム Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- Image data processing apparatus image data processing method and program Technical Field
- the present invention relates to an image processing apparatus, and in particular, an image applied to process image data captured by an imaging apparatus such as a digital still camera or a camera / recorder (an apparatus in which a video camera and a recorder are integrated).
- the present invention relates to a data processing apparatus, an image data processing method, and a program for causing a computer to execute the processing method.
- Imaging devices such as digital still cameras and camera / recorders capture still images in response to pressing the shutter.
- the captured original image data is subjected to internal signal processing such as imaging signal processing and encoding processing, and is recorded on, for example, a removable recording medium.
- the captured original image data is temporarily stored in the image memory before internal signal processing is performed.
- This image memory is composed of DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory), SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM), and the like.
- DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
- SDRAM Synchronous DRAM
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2 0 02-1 1 1 9 8 9
- the conventional imaging apparatus compresses the captured original image data, and the compressed data Is stored in the image memory (original image data buffer memory), and the data read from this image memory is stored. After extending the evening again, the subsequent processing was performed.
- General compression processing of original image data includes DP CM processing for original image signals, Huffman coding, arithmetic coding, JPEG lossless coding appropriately used, universal coding represented by Ziv-Lempel method, etc. It has been known.
- DPCM processing is effective for the upper 6 to 8 bits of the high-order bits with high correlation, for example, 1-pixel 12-bit image data, but the low-level with low correlation. Even if DP CM processing is applied to bits, a high compression ratio cannot be obtained. In DP CM, there is a problem that distortion increases when images with low correlation, such as image edges, are compressed. Furthermore, DP CM has the problem of error propagation. The compressed data read from the image memory is expanded to obtain the original image data, and gamma correction, white balance correction, linear matrix, etc. are performed on the original image data.
- the signal processing is performed to generate a luminance signal and two color difference signals.
- Gamma correction is a process to reversely correct the nonlinearity of the emission characteristics of a CRT on the camera side.
- image data with high luminance is compressed at a high rate. Therefore, a compression method using non-linear transformation has been proposed in which image data with high luminance is compressed according to the gamma correction characteristics.
- the compression process using non-linear transformation can be made very simple, but the higher the compression rate, the lower the bit information is lost and the visually unsightly image such as solarization is. Since quality degradation occurs, a high compression rate cannot be obtained.
- Solarization means that the developable density of a photographic emulsion is reduced due to extreme overexposure. Visually, the image has a rough gradation with a small number of quantization bits, and there is a problem that the image quality is noticeably deteriorated in a flat image portion.
- the conventional compression processing usually has different compression distortions depending on the type of compression processing.
- the higher the compression rate the greater the degradation of image quality.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an image data processing device, an image data processing method, and a program capable of improving encoding efficiency and improving image quality. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention provides an image data processing apparatus that compresses original image data captured by an image sensor.
- a means for extracting signals of the same color component of the color filter and a first compression process for compressing each pixel from L bits to M ( ⁇ L) bits for each image data separated into the same color components are performed.
- An image memory for holding the compressed data from the second compression means;
- Second decompression means for decompressing each pixel of the data held in the image memory from N bits to M bits by a second decompression process that is the reverse of the second compression process;
- the second decompression unit is connected in series with the second decompression unit and decompresses each pixel of the output data of the second decompression unit from the M bit to the L bit by the first decompression process which is the reverse process of the first compression process.
- An image data processing apparatus An image data processing apparatus.
- the present invention relates to an image data processing method for compressing original image data captured by an image sensor.
- the step of extracting the same color component signal of color fill and the first compression processing to compress each pixel from L bit to M ( ⁇ L) bit for each image data separated into the same color component A first compression step of performing
- the second compression process in which the characteristics of the distortion that occurs are different from the first compression process, and compresses each pixel from M bits to N ( ⁇ M) bits.
- An image data processing method comprising:
- the present invention includes a step of extracting a signal of the same color component of a color filter of an image sensor,
- the second compression process in which the characteristics of the distortion that occurs are different from the first compression process, and compresses each pixel from M bits to N ( ⁇ M) bits.
- a second decompression step for decompressing each pixel of the data held in the image memory from N bits to M bits by a second decompression process that is the inverse process of the second compression process;
- the first decompression of each pixel of the data decompressed in the second decompression step by the first decompression process which is the inverse process of the first compression process, from the M bit to the L bit.
- a program for causing a computer to execute an image data processing method comprising:
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an imaging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of an image processing unit in one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the compression / decompression unit in the image processing unit.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram used for explaining packing to the data bus width of the image memory.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a compressor using nonlinear transformation.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a decompressor using nonlinear transformation.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram used for explaining the conversion curve of a compressor with a non-linear conversion.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an example in which a conversion curve of a compressor using nonlinear conversion is realized by a polygonal force curve.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the DPCM compressor / decompressor according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10A, FIG. 10B, and FIG. 10C are schematic diagrams showing examples of histograms of the level distribution of images for selecting the quantization table of the DPCM compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a quantization table of the DP CM compressor in one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing an example in which the quantization table of the DP CM compressor in one embodiment of the present invention is realized by a polygonal curve.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram of the compression Z decompressor in the image processing unit.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing another example of the configuration.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing an example of the AD R C compressor.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing an example of the AD R C decompressor. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the configuration of an imaging apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the imaging device 1 includes a lens unit 2, an imaging device 3, a sunset generation unit 4, a front end 5, an image processing unit 6, an image memory 7, an image monitor 8, an external storage medium 9, and a camera. And a control micro computer.
- the lens unit 2 collects light from the subject.
- Aperture 1 2 controls the amount of light.
- Shutter 13 controls exposure by blocking the passage of light.
- the aperture 1 2 may have the function of the shutter 1 3.
- the image sensor 3 is an image sensor such as a CCD (Charged Coupled Device), a CMO S sensor (Co immediate metal oxide semiconductor sensor), and converts light information of a subject into an electrical signal. SE On the surface of the sensor, a plurality of color filter elements such as a three primary color filter and a complementary color filter are arranged.
- the timing generation unit 4 drives the image sensor 3.
- the timing generator 4 also performs exposure control such as a high-speed / low-speed electronic shutter. This timing generator 4 is controlled by a camera control microphone port computer 10.
- the front end 5 converts the analog signal output from the image sensor 3 into a digital signal. Inside this front end 5, each of the correlated double sampling that removes the noise component in the image sensor 3 and extracts the image signal, the gain control that controls the level of the image signal, and the AZD conversion that converts the analog signal into a digital signal Processing is done.
- the front end 5 is controlled by a camera control microcomputer 10.
- the image processing unit 6 performs various digital signal processing based on the imaging data from the imaging device 3 converted into digital signals, and generates a luminance signal and a color signal.
- the image processing unit 6 has a function of encoding image data into a predetermined file format such as JPEG (Joint Pohtograpihic Experts Group).
- the image memory 7 is a storage element for temporarily storing image data during signal processing in the image processing unit 6, for example, using a DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory), SD RAM (Synchoronous DRAM), etc. Is done.
- DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
- SD RAM Synchronous DRAM
- the image monitor 8 allows the user to check an image (through image) captured by the image sensor 3 and to perform a menu necessary for operating the imaging device.
- This is a monitor for displaying one image and displaying the reproduced image data.
- an LCD panel Liquid Crystal Display Panel
- the external storage medium 9 is a recording medium for storing image data, and a flash memory is often used as a rewritable nonvolatile memory.
- the camera control microcomputer 10 controls the entire imaging device 1. In other words, exposure control by aperture 1 2, opening and closing control of shirt evening 1 3, electronic shirt evening control in timing generation unit 4, gain control in front end 5, various mode control and parameter control in image processing unit 6 Is made by the microcomputer.
- FIG. 2 shows a configuration example of the image processing unit 6 in one embodiment of the present invention.
- the image processing unit 6 includes a signal processing unit 2 1, a detection unit 2 2, a compression unit 2 3, a decompression unit 2 4, a memory controller 2 5, a memory in evening interface 2 6, and a monitor in evening interface 2. 7 and a micro computer interface 2 8. These units are connected to each other by a data path 29 and a control bus 30.
- Fig. 2 the flow of image data is indicated by a solid line, and the flow of control data is indicated by a broken line.
- the signal processing unit 21 performs correction related to the image sensor 3 on the original image information (RAW data) digitized in the front end 5, for example, defect correction.
- the corrected original image data is compressed by the compression unit 23 and written to the image memory 7 via the memory controller 25 and the memory interface 26.
- the compressed data read from the image memory 7 is decompressed by the decompression unit 24, and the original image data is obtained from the decompression unit 24.
- the original image data read from the image memory 7 and obtained in the decompression process is supplied to the signal processing unit 21.
- the signal processing unit 21 performs digital signal processing such as digital clamp, white balance, gamma correction, interpolation calculation, filter calculation, matrix calculation, luminance generation calculation, and color generation calculation, and outputs image signals consisting of luminance and color difference signals. Generate.
- the signal processing unit 21 generates image data encoded in a predetermined file format such as JPEG.
- the present invention can also be applied to a configuration in which signal processing is performed on original image data and an image signal composed of the obtained luminance signal and color difference signal is compressed and written to an image memory. Further, the compressed image data may be stored in the external storage medium 9 as in the case of the image memory 7.
- the detection unit 22 performs detection processing of camera-captured images that serve as a reference for various camera controls.
- the detection signal detected by the detection unit 22 is, for example, a detection signal related to autofocus, a detection signal related to automatic exposure control, or the like.
- the detection unit 22 detects an edge component of luminance in the autofocus detection area set at a predetermined position on the captured image as a detection signal related to autofocus, detects the edge component, and detects the edge component. Outputs the contrast value obtained by integrating the components.
- the detection unit 22 detects the luminance of the luminance detection area set at a predetermined position on the imaging screen as a detection signal related to automatic exposure control, and outputs the luminance level.
- the compression unit 23 compresses the captured image from the front end 5 for each color when capturing a still image.
- the compressed image data is packed in the memory interface 26 according to the bus width of the image memory 7.
- the packed data is It is temporarily stored in the image memory 1 through the memory interface 26.
- the compressed data is read from the image memory 7 to the memory interface 26, and the packing process is released. Thereafter, the decompression unit 24 decompresses the image data that has been depacked for signal processing in the signal processing unit 21.
- the memory controller 25 controls the data bus 29 that passes image data between each unit in the image processing unit 6 or between each unit and the image memory 7.
- the memory interface 26 exchanges image data and compressed data with the image memory 7 used for signal processing in the image processing unit 6.
- the monitor interface 2 7 converts the image data into various display formats for display on the image monitor 8. For example, an NTSC encoder for displaying on an NTSC monitor is known.
- the microcomputer interface 28 exchanges control data and image data between the camera control microcomputer 10 that controls the image processing unit 6 and the image processing unit 6.
- FIG. 3 shows the functional configuration of the compression unit 23, the decompression unit 24, the memory controller 25, and the memory interface 26 in the image processing unit 6.
- This image processing apparatus performs different first and second compression processes, performs non-linear compression as the first compression process, and performs DPCM compression as the second compression process.
- the first and second compression processes differ from each other in image distortion caused by compression. If the compression method is different, the image distortion is often different. Therefore, two types of compression methods combined in series are possible. For example, combination of nonlinear compression and other compression circuits such as ADRC (Adaptive Dynamic Range Coding) It is also possible to combine three or more compression methods.
- ADRC Adaptive Dynamic Range Coding
- the timing generator 40 To the timing generator 40, a horizontal synchronization signal and a vertical synchronization signal for image data, an image data enable signal, and the like are input.
- the timing generator 40 generates non-linear timing signals and control signals for the compressors 4 1 and 4 2, decompressors 4 6 and 4 7, packing unit 4 3, depacking unit 4 5, image memory 7, etc.
- the compressor 41 using the conversion receives image data (one pixel is L bit) of each color component of the three primary color signals. For example, luminance information is extracted as image information P I 1 from the original image data from the front end 5, and this information P I 1 is output to the microcomputer 10.
- the microcomputer 10 identifies the characteristics of the input image from this information, and sets an appropriate compression conversion table TB1 for the information.
- the set compression conversion table T B 1 is fed back to the compressor 41 using non-linear conversion.
- As the image information P I 1 information for automatic exposure control obtained in the detection unit 22 may be used.
- M M bits
- This compressor 4 1 has characteristics similar to the gamma curve characteristics used in the gamma correction of the signal processing unit 21 (see Fig. 1) at the subsequent stage. By performing compression conversion, the same weighting is applied to the image data as in the subsequent signal processing.
- the image data compressed and converted to M bits by non-linear conversion by the non-linear compressor 41 is input to the DPCM compressor 42.
- Information P I 2 for setting the quantization table T B 2 is generated.
- the compressed image data is input to the packing unit 43, packed into the bus width of the image memory, and stored in the image memory 7.
- Fig. 4 shows an example of packed image data when the bus width is 16 bits.
- the compression ratio of the compressor 4 1 using nonlinear transformation is 14 and the compression ratio of the DPCM compressor 4 2 is 1 Z 4. It has been realized.
- the decompression process is a process performed in the reverse order to the compression process described above. Similarly to the compression process, the expansion process is performed for each color signal of the three primary color components.
- the image data stored in the image memory 7 is read out and input to the depacking unit 45.
- the compressed data that has been multiplexed into the bus width is returned to N-bit image data by the depacking unit 45 and input to the D P C M decompressor 46 as the second decompression means.
- the DPCM expander 46 expands from N bits to M bits using the reverse conversion table TB12.
- the decompressed image data is input to the decompressor 47 using nonlinear transformation as the first decompression means.
- the decompressor 4 7 converts the image data to the original bit according to the compression table TB 1 selected by the compressor 4 1 and the inverse compression table TB 1 1 Expands to a number L bit.
- the original image data of each L-bit color component from the decompressor using nonlinear transformation 47 is supplied to the signal processing unit 21 (see Fig. 2) for digital clamping, white balance, gamma correction, and interpolation.
- Image signals consisting of luminance and chrominance signals are generated by digital signal processing such as calculation, fill-up calculation, matrix calculation, luminance generation calculation, and color generation calculation.
- Figure 5 shows the configuration for compression using nonlinear transformation.
- Image data corresponding to a certain color is supplied to the compressor 41 and the luminance extraction unit 53.
- the luminance extraction unit 53 extracts the image information P I 1 corresponding to the luminance from the original image data from the front end 5.
- the extracted image information P I 1 is supplied to the compression conversion rule setting unit 51.
- the compression conversion rule setting unit 51 sets the compression conversion rule in the compression conversion table 52 based on the extracted luminance information PI1. That is, the characteristics of the compression conversion table are set according to the compression conversion rule.
- the set compression conversion table T B 1 is supplied to the compressor 41.
- the compressor 41 performs compression processing using nonlinear conversion according to the compression conversion table T B 1.
- the compressed M-bit data is supplied to the next-stage D PCM compressor 42.
- Information identifying the characteristics of the compression conversion table used is transmitted in association with the compressed data, and is used to indicate the expansion conversion table during expansion. This information may be held in the microcomputer 10.
- Figure 6 shows the configuration for decompression using nonlinear transformation.
- the data read from the image memory 7 and expanded to M bits by the DPCM expander 46 is supplied to the conversion rule setting unit 54 and the expander 46 using nonlinear conversion.
- the conversion rule setting unit 5 4 is a decompression conversion table TB 1 that is paired with the compression conversion table used during compression. 1 is output from the expansion conversion table 5 5.
- the decompressor 4 6 decompresses the data to N bits according to the decompression conversion table TB 1 1.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a curve corresponding to the compression conversion table TB1.
- the compression conversion table TB 1 is composed of a set of pre-compression data and post-compression conversion pairs.
- the compressor 41 compresses data by referring to the conversion pair in the compression conversion table TB1.
- the compression conversion table TB I consists of a fixed area and a variable area. In the fixed area, each conversion pair is fixed. In the variable region, the conversion pair can be appropriately changed by the compression conversion rule setting unit 51.
- three types of conversion curves 61, 62 and 63 are shown in the variable region. These curves are selected by the luminance information PII extracted by the luminance extraction unit 53. For example, when luminance information is extracted in frame units, the conversion curve is switched in frame units.
- the conversion curve 61 is adopted, if it is medium luminance, the conversion curve 62 is adopted, and if it is high luminance, the conversion curve 63 is adopted.
- these conversion curves 6 1, 6 2, and 6 3 are preferably the same as the gamma correction curves used in the subsequent signal processing unit 2 1.
- the compression conversion table TB 1 is approximated by a polygonal curve.
- a polyline curve is defined by threshold values TH 0, TH 1, TH 2, TH 3 and offsets OFT 0, OFT 1, OFT 2, OFT 3. That is, the straight line 6 4 a is defined by (TH 0, ⁇ FT 0), the straight line 6 4 b is defined by (THI, 0 FT 1), and the straight line 6 4 c is defined by (TH 2, OFT 2).
- TH 3, OFT 3 Defines a straight line 6 4 d, and a straight line 6 4 e is defined by the value of the 1 square of the maximum value 2 of the data before compression and the value of the 1 square of the maximum value 2 of the data after compression.
- the slope decreases from the straight line 64 a to the straight line 6 4 e.
- straight lines 64 a, 6 4 b and 6 4 c are fixed, and straight lines 6 4 d and 6 4 e are variable.
- the uncompressed data is compared with each threshold value to determine which range of the five lines 64a to 64e is included. Since each straight line is expressed as a linear function, the value of the compressed data on each straight line can be obtained by linear interpolation. Furthermore, by changing the threshold value or the offset, the characteristics of the compression conversion table can be adapted to the extracted luminance information PI1. For example, the straight lines 6 4 d and 6 4 e can be changed to straight lines 6 5 d and 6 5 e, respectively, by changing the offset OF T 3 to the offset OF T 4.
- the conversion curve need not be divided into a fixed area and a variable area, and the entire curve may be variable.
- a value other than the offset as a representative point may be obtained by nonlinear interpolation.
- Figure 9 shows DPCM compressors 4 2 and 4 6 configured to share compression and decompression circuitry.
- the input image data compressed from L bits, for example, 14 bits to M bits, for example, 12 bits is supplied to the subtractor 70 by the compressor 41 using non-linear conversion.
- a prediction error with a prediction value predicted from a past pixel defined by the delay element D in the predictor 71, for example, an adjacent pixel on the same line, is obtained.
- a is a weighting coefficient for generating a predicted value.
- the prediction error is input to the differential histogram detector 7 2, the quantizer 7 3, and the quantizer / inverse quantizer 7 4.
- the quantizer / inverse quantizer 74 has a configuration in which a process for performing quantization and a process for performing inverse quantization for converting a quantized value into a representative value are performed simultaneously.
- the quantization characteristic of the quantized Z inverse quantizer 74 is the same as the quantization characteristic of the quantizer 73 and the inverse quantization characteristic of the inverse quantizer 75.
- the output data of the quantizer / inverse quantizer 74 is supplied to the adder 77 via the selector 76.
- Selector 76 is the compression / decompression switching signal S. Therefore, the input terminal a is selected during compression and the input terminal b is selected during expansion. At the time of compression, the data obtained by adding the output of the quantizer / inverse quantizer 74 and the output of the predictor 71 to the adder 77 is supplied to the subtractor 70, and the prediction error is calculated. By accumulating the quantizer in the feedback loop and providing a circuit with the same configuration as the expander, accumulation of quantization noise generated by the quantizer in the expander is avoided.
- the difference histogram detector 72 creates a histogram indicating the frequency of occurrence of prediction errors for one captured still image, and outputs this value as image information PI2.
- the histogram obtained by the differential histogram detector 72 shows a significant bias in the distribution depending on the image signal.
- the quantization table T B 2 used in the quantizer 73 and the quantization inverse quantizer 74 is adaptively changed, and efficient compression is performed. At the time of compression, compressed data compressed to N bits, for example, 10 bits, is obtained from the quantizer 73. The compressed data is written to the image memory 7.
- Data read from image memory 7 is supplied to inverse quantizer 75 Is done.
- Inverse quantizer 7 5 expands N bits to M bits by inverse transform table TB 1 2 which is paired with quantization table TB 2 used in quantizer 7 3 .
- Information indicating which reverse conversion table to select is stored in the image memory 7. However, the reverse conversion table may be set based on information from the microcomputer 10.
- the prediction error expanded to M bits from the inverse quantizer 75 is supplied to the adder 77 via the selector 76.
- the predicted value generated by the predictor 7 1 is fed back to the adder 7 7, and a restored value is obtained from the adder 7 7. This restored value is supplied to the expander 47 using nonlinear transformation.
- FIG. 10A, FIG. 10B, and FIG. 10C show schematic examples of histograms showing the frequency of occurrence of prediction errors, obtained at the output of the subtractor 70.
- FIG. The horizontal axis shows the prediction error
- the vertical axis shows the frequency.
- the value of the prediction error gradually increases along the horizontal axis, the range from the minimum value to the maximum value of the prediction error may be divided into a predetermined number, and the occurrence frequency of each divided range may be detected.
- the frequency of occurrence of prediction errors is examined for one image, and a histogram is created. Based on the histogram, a quantization table T B 2 used for nonlinear compression of the quantizer 73 and the quantizer / inverse quantizer 74 is set.
- FIG. 11 shows an example of the quantization table TB2.
- the horizontal axis shows the prediction error, and the vertical axis shows the representative value.
- Reference numeral 8 1 indicates a standard quantization table, and a quantization table 8 2 and a quantization 8 3 are set for the quantization table 8 1.
- These quantization tables are based on the fact that the sensitivity of the human eye is more sensitive in the smaller part than in the part where the difference is large. It is higher than the last part.
- the quantization table 82 is set for an image in which the distribution of the prediction error is concentrated on a small value, that is, a flat image.
- the quantization table 8 2 outputs different representative values for prediction errors in the relatively small level range from 0 to threshold A, and for the prediction error of levels exceeding threshold A. Is the one that outputs the maximum representative value in common. In other words, the bit allocation is increased for a small level of prediction error.
- the number of bits generated in one image such as one frame is set to a predetermined value or less, so how to allocate the usable number of bits to the prediction error reduces the compression distortion. It is necessary to do.
- a quantization table 81 is set for a normal image in which the distribution of the prediction error is relatively evenly included in the level range up to a certain level.
- the quantization table 8 1 outputs different representative values for the prediction error in the range indicated by 0 to the threshold BOA), and common for the prediction error of the level exceeding the threshold B. Output the maximum representative value. In other words, the distribution of bits is increased for the low and medium prediction error levels.
- the quantization table is used for images in which the distribution of the prediction error is distributed over a large level range, that is, for images in which the correlation between adjacent pixels is small due to fine patterns.
- 8 3 is set.
- the quantization table 8 3 outputs different representative values for the prediction error in the level range indicated by 0 to the threshold COB), and commonly for the prediction error of the level exceeding C. Biggest A representative value is output. In other words, bits are allocated to the entire prediction error from a small level to a large level.
- the quantization table can be approximated by a polygonal line characteristic, as shown in Fig. 12.
- the vertical axis shows the prediction error and the horizontal axis shows the representative value.
- threshold values t h 0 to t h 6 are defined, and for representative values, offsets o f t 0 to o f t 5 are defined.
- Each line defined by these thresholds and offsets has a conversion coefficient (1, ⁇ / 2, 1 /, 1/8, 1/16, 1/3 2, 1/6 4).
- Threshold and offset value pair data is stored in memory.
- the threshold value and the prediction error are compared to determine which linear range the prediction error falls within, and a representative value corresponding to the prediction error is obtained. In that case, the representative value is obtained by the primary interpolation calculation.
- the characteristics of the quantization table can be changed by changing at least one of the threshold value and the offset value.
- DPCM compression uses the correlation between the difference sensitivity and the image signal
- the sensitivity of the human eye is more sensitive, the quantization error is dispersed, and noise is detected.
- Difficult Can the nonlinear compression / decompression conversion table is adaptively changed to the bit allocation suitable for the histogram, and the optimal quantization table is adaptively changed by the histogram distribution of the prediction error, so that the prediction error is reduced.
- representative value distribution suitable for the distribution can be performed.
- the compression ratio can be increased without changing the visual noise after the signal processing.
- the number of still images stored in the image memory can be increased.
- the frequency band for accessing the image memory and realizing low power consumption the battery of digital still cameras and camera / recorders can be maintained for a longer time.
- FIG. 13 shows another embodiment of the present invention.
- Another embodiment is an example in which non-linear compression and AD R C (Adaptive Dynamic Coding) compression are combined as compression transformations having two different characteristics.
- AD R C Adaptive Dynamic Coding
- Image data horizontal sync signal and vertical sync signal, image data enable signal, etc. are input to the evening immator 90.
- the timing generator 90 generates a timing signal and a control signal to be distributed to the compressors 9 1 and 9 2, decompressors 9 6 and 9 7, packing unit 9 3, depacking unit 9 5, image memory 7, etc.
- the compressor 9 1 using nonlinear transformation is the same as the compressor 4 1 in the embodiment shown in FIG. That is, the three primary color signals Image data for each color component (one pixel is L bit) is input, and luminance information is extracted from the image information PI 3 such as the original image data from the front end 5, and the microphone mouth computer 10 is extracted from the image information PI 3. Identify the characteristics of the input image.
- the compression conversion table TB 3 set by the microcomputer 10 based on the image information PI 3 is supplied to the compressor 91 using non-linear conversion.
- MML M bits
- the conversion power for non-linear conversion in the compressor 91 has the same characteristics as the gamma correction curve used in the gamma correction of the signal processing unit 21 (see FIG. 1) at the subsequent stage.
- the image data compressed and converted from the L bit to the M bit by the nonlinear conversion by the nonlinear compressor 91 is input to the ADRC compressor 92.
- the compressed image data is input to the packing unit 93, packed into the path width of the image memory, and stored in the image memory 7.
- the decompression process is a process performed in the reverse order to the compression process described above. Similarly to the compression process, the expansion process is performed for each color signal of the three primary color components.
- the image data stored in the image memory 7 is read out and input to the depacking unit 95.
- the compressed data multiplexed in the bus width is returned to N-bit image data by the depacking unit 95 and input to the ADRC decompressor 96.
- ADRC expander 9 6 is the inverse conversion table paired with quantization table TB 4. Use the TB 1 4 to expand from N bits to M bits.
- the decompressed image data is input to the decompressor 97 using non-linear transformation.
- the decompressor 9 7 decompresses the image data to L bits, which is the original number of bits, in accordance with the compression conversion table TB 3 selected by the compressor 91 and the inverse compression table TB 13 corresponding to the compression conversion table TB 3.
- the original image data of each L-bit color component from the decompressor 97 using non-linear transformation is supplied to the signal processing unit 21 (see Fig. 2).
- Digital clamp, white balance, gamma correction, interpolation calculation, Image signals consisting of luminance and color difference signals are generated by digital signal processing such as fill calculation, matrix calculation, luminance generation calculation, and color generation calculation.
- the compressor 91 using the non-linear transformation can use the configuration shown in FIG. 5, and the decompressor 97 using the non-linear transformation can use the configuration shown in FIG.
- a D C focuses on the fact that multiple spatially or temporally adjacent pixels have a correlation, and performs compression in the level direction.
- FIG. 14 shows an example of the ADRC compressor 91.
- Each pixel is M-bit image data (one color component data) is supplied to the block circuit 101 and divided into blocks that are two-dimensional areas composed of a plurality of pixels.
- the dynamic range (D R) detection circuit 1 0 2 detects the maximum value M A X and the minimum value M I N of each block pixel, and detects the dynamic range D R by M A X —M I N.
- the minimum value MIN is subtracted from the value of each pixel.
- the data supplied to the subtractor 103 may be delayed by the time required for detection by the detection circuit 102.
- the data in the block is normalized by the subtractor 1 0 3.
- the output data of the subtractor 1 0 3 is supplied to the quantizer 1 0 4.
- the quantizer 10 4 performs quantization using the quantization table TB 4 and the dynamic range DR, and outputs an N-bit code DT. Assuming that linear quantization is performed, a quantization step ⁇ is generated by 1 to 2 N of the dynamic range DR, and quantization is performed by dividing the data after removal of the minimum value by the quantization step ⁇ . Do.
- the quantizer 10 04 performs non-linear quantization with a quantization table TB 4 similar to the quantization table of the DPCM compressor 42 in one embodiment, for example, and the quantization characteristic is an image characteristic, for example, It is changed according to the histogram of the level distribution in the embodiment.
- the quantization step ⁇ is made different in a plurality of ranges obtained by dividing the data level after removal of the minimum value.
- the quantization step is reduced in the range where the data level after the minimum value is removed is small, and the quantization step is increased in the range where the level is large.
- Such control of the quantization step is not constant and changes according to the histogram of the level distribution.
- Information (not shown) indicating the dynamic range DR, minimum value MIN, code DT, and quantization table TB4 is packed by the packing unit 93 and written to the image memory 7.
- Information indicating the quantization table T B 4 may be held in the microcomputer 10.
- the data read from the image memory 7 is depacked by the depacking unit 95, and the dynamic range DR and code DT are supplied to the inverse quantizer 1 1 2.
- Inverse quantizer 1 1 2 is also supplied with inverse conversion table TB 1 4 that is paired with quantization table TB 4 Is done.
- the inverse conversion table TB 1 4 is specified from the information indicating that the quantization is performed using the quantization table TB 4.
- the inverse quantizer 1 1 2 converts the code DT into a representative value according to the inverse conversion table T B 14.
- the quantization step ⁇ is obtained from the dynamic range D R, and the representative value is obtained by multiplying the value of the code D T by the quantization step ⁇ .
- a representative value is calculated using the quantization step ⁇ defined by the inverse transformation table T B 14.
- ADRC processing performs quantization independently for each block, so if the correlation in the block is high, that is, if the dynamic range DR is small, a high compression ratio can be obtained, but if the correlation in the block is low, In other words, when the dynamic range DR is large, a difference in quantization between blocks may occur as block distortion.
- the compression processing using nonlinear transformation can simplify the configuration, but the higher the compression rate, the lower bit information is lost, resulting in visually unsightly image quality degradation such as solarization.
- a compression process having such different compression characteristics can be performed in series to obtain a higher compression ratio, and a plurality of different compression distortions can be obtained. It will be dispersed in the noise of the characteristic, and it can be as if the deterioration is visually suppressed.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment of the present invention, and various modifications and applications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- the number of bits compressed by each compressor connected in series is fixed.
- the first stage compresses from L bits to M bits
- the second stage compresses from M bits to N bits.
- the allocation of each (L-N) -bit compressor to be compressed may be changed in accordance with the characteristics of the image to be processed.
- a compressor Z expander is provided for each color component of the color signal, it is possible to multiplex all the color components and perform time division processing to reduce the circuit. This can also be applied to cases where the image sensor has a color filter with four or more colors.
- the same bit allocation is performed for all the color components, but a higher compression rate can be expected by changing the bit allocation, that is, the compression rate according to the bias of the arrangement. .
- it may be distributed to different numbers of bits for each color according to the weight for each color component of signal processing performed in the subsequent stage and the arrangement condition of the color fill.
- the present invention can be applied not only when capturing a still image during monitoring but also when capturing a still image during moving image recording.
- processing means in one embodiment and other embodiments of the present invention may not be regarded as a method having these series of means as steps, and a program for causing a computer to execute these series of means. Or it may be regarded as a recording medium for storing the program.
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- 2005-06-16 JP JP2005175961A patent/JP4321496B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2006-04-18 EP EP20060732252 patent/EP1901547B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-04-18 US US11/922,155 patent/US8233060B2/en active Active
- 2006-04-18 WO PCT/JP2006/308494 patent/WO2006134723A1/ja active Application Filing
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Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001094985A (ja) * | 1999-09-20 | 2001-04-06 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 画像符号化装置 |
JP2001257977A (ja) * | 2000-03-14 | 2001-09-21 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 電子カメラ |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP1901547A4 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2186345A4 (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2015-08-19 | Ricoh Co Ltd | IMAGING APPARATUS AND ILLUSTRATIVE PROCESS |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN100539636C (zh) | 2009-09-09 |
US8233060B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 |
KR101241662B1 (ko) | 2013-03-11 |
KR20080025048A (ko) | 2008-03-19 |
JP4321496B2 (ja) | 2009-08-26 |
EP1901547A4 (en) | 2011-03-16 |
CN101199198A (zh) | 2008-06-11 |
EP1901547A1 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
EP1901547B1 (en) | 2012-09-05 |
US20090290045A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
JP2006352509A (ja) | 2006-12-28 |
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