WO2006123459A1 - 生化学物質の分析方法 - Google Patents
生化学物質の分析方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006123459A1 WO2006123459A1 PCT/JP2006/302786 JP2006302786W WO2006123459A1 WO 2006123459 A1 WO2006123459 A1 WO 2006123459A1 JP 2006302786 W JP2006302786 W JP 2006302786W WO 2006123459 A1 WO2006123459 A1 WO 2006123459A1
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- reagent
- luminescence
- beads
- probe
- analysis method
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
- G01N33/54373—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing involving physiochemical end-point determination, e.g. wave-guides, FETS, gratings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/531—Production of immunochemical test materials
- G01N33/532—Production of labelled immunochemicals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/76—Chemiluminescence; Bioluminescence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/08—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a stream of discrete samples flowing along a tube system, e.g. flow injection analysis
- G01N35/085—Flow Injection Analysis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for analyzing biochemical substances.
- the present invention also relates to a biochemical substance analyzer using an analysis device in which a probe, which is a substance that specifically captures a biochemical substance, is fixed to a solid phase.
- Fluorescence methods include a method of directly labeling a biochemical substance to be detected and a method of indirect labeling.
- the former is that the biochemical substance to be detected is directly labeled with a fluorophore, and this fluorescently labeled biochemical substance is captured and detected by an antibody immobilized on a solid phase. is there.
- competition methods are also included in this category.
- the latter includes a sandwich assembly in which antibodies that have affinity for the same biochemical substance are fluorescently labeled and then reacted secondarily.
- chemiluminescence has been developed.
- chemiluminescence since the scattering of excitation light is not measured as background light, more sensitive measurement can be realized.
- chemiluminescence there are cases where an enzyme is directly or indirectly labeled on a biochemical substance to be detected, and a fluorescent substance is labeled.
- peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase is often used as the enzyme.
- Eliza method falls into this category.
- An antibody that captures the target biochemical substance is immobilized on the microplate wall, etc., and a solution containing the detection target substance is added.
- the substance to be detected in the solution is captured on the wall by the antibody, and the excess solution is washed away.
- Add the enzyme-labeled antibody wait for the enzyme-labeled antibody to bind to the detection target substance, and wash away the excess solution.
- a solution containing a luminescent reagent that reacts with the enzyme is added, and the resulting luminescence is detected.
- the fluorescent substance is labeled, for example, in the case of an application as an HPLC detector, each fluorescently labeled molecule flowing out of the HPLC is mixed with a chemical excitation agent and labeled. The chemiluminescence emitted when the phosphor is chemically excited is detected.
- a multi-item detection device there is a technique (hereinafter referred to as a bead array) in which beads to which probes are bound are arranged in a thin tube (for example, Patent Document 1). There is also a report on a detection device in which a molecule that captures a target substance is bound to a solid phase using a microphone port channel (for example, Patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-243997
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-075812 Disclosure of Invention
- the number of photons per unit time that can be obtained from the target is reduced compared to the fluorescence method, so use a highly sensitive measurement system and reduce the measurement time. Ingenuity such as increasing is necessary.
- fluorescent labeling is performed on the detection target substance, and the capture of the fluorescent labeling substance on the probe is detected by fluorescence. While there is a merit that the reaction speed is fast, scattered light derived from excitation light and background light from bead material may be generated.
- luminescence detection is applied to a bead array, it is necessary to ensure absolute sensitivity because the number of photons per unit time decreases, and the luminescence from one bead is reflected on the surface of the next bead. It is assumed that “reflection” is measured like light emission from the beads.
- Scattered light and reflected light derived from light emission may also be generated in detection devices that use a microphone port channel and have molecules that trap the target substance in the solid phase.
- a probe bound to a solid phase a step of capturing a labeled detection target substance on the probe or a step of capturing and labeling an unlabeled detection target substance on the probe, a step of supplying a luminescent reagent by a liquid flow, And a step of optically detecting the vicinity of the site where the luminescent reagent and the label react with each other.
- the solid phase means that the probe is fixed at least partially.
- particles beads
- channel walls protrusions installed in the channels, string-like members, and the like can be used.
- plastics examples include plastics, metals, and inorganic compounds.
- Plastics include styrene resins such as polystyrene and polymethylstyrene, polyolefin resins such as polypropylene, polyethylene and polycyclohexylene, polyacrylates such as polycarbonate, polymethylacrylate, and polyethylacrylate, and polymethylmethacrylate.
- acrylic resins such as polymethacrylates such as poly (methacrylate) and poly (methacrylate)
- fluororesins such as polyfluoroolefin
- silicone resins such as dimethylsiloxane and jetylsiloxane.
- Examples of the metal include iron, stainless steel, copper, and alloys thereof.
- Examples of inorganic compounds include glass, ceramics, and semiconductors.
- the material of the solid phase is not limited to these, and may be composed of a single material or a plurality of materials. Polystyrene is most preferred because of the ease of probe to the solid phase, low background, and availability.
- the bead diameter is preferably 0.1 ⁇ ⁇ to 6 ⁇ , more preferably 0.5 // m to l mm, and further preferably 0.7 5 / im to It is preferably 500 ⁇ m, most preferably 1.0 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the pipe into which the beads are inserted is a pipe according to the bead size to be used and less than twice the diameter of the beads.
- high sensitivity can be realized by measuring the timing of the luminescent substrate delivery and the timing of measurement.
- a phenomenon is used in which a large luminescence peak appears in a short time from the time when the luminescent substrate reaches the solid phase, for example, the enzyme on the bead. By observing this peak, it is possible to separate the signal and noise with high accuracy and to measure with high sensitivity.
- the luminescent reagent is always supplied, and the concentration of the luminescent reagent in the vicinity of the enzyme does not decrease. can do.
- High-sensitivity and stable measurement can also be performed by adding signals after high peaks for a long time.
- the luminescence detection system in the present invention includes a chemiluminescence detection system and a bioluminescence detection system.
- Chemiluminescence is a phenomenon in which when a molecule excited by a chemical reaction returns to the ground state, it emits light as energy.
- Bioluminescence refers to the use of a bioenzyme such as firefly or pacteria luciferase.
- a phenomenon that emits light by a chemical reaction, such as oxidation, may fall into the category of chemiluminescence in a broad sense.
- the chemiluminescence detection system includes chemiluminescence of peroxidase using luminol / hydrogen peroxide as a substrate, and amadan tilme, a dioxetane derivative. Chemiluminescence of alcohol phosphatase using oxyphosphorylphenyl dioxetane (AMP PD) as a substrate, persuccinic acid ester derivatives such as bis 1,2,4,6_ trichlorophoxalate (TCPO) / There is a detection system that uses chemiluminescence of alkaline phosphatase with a fluorescent dye size such as hydrogen peroxide / 8-anilin nonaphthalene sulfonic acid (AN S), and the bioluminescence detection system is, for example, ATP / Luciferi Bioluminescence detection system for firefly luciferase using magnesium ion as a substrate, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase generates NADH produced from glucose
- the issue of preventing the reflection of light emission between beads is important for highly sensitive multi-item detection, regardless of the measurement optical settings.
- One means for solving this problem is to place beads made of a light-shielding material between a plurality of beads to be measured.
- Another solution is to make the refractive index of the solution containing the luminescent reagent close to the refractive index of the beads.
- a solution containing a luminescent reagent is ideally prepared and has substantially the same refractive index as the bead material, no light is reflected from the surface of the beads, so light is reflected between the beads. Can be prevented.
- Another means for solving this problem is to insert a polarizing plate between the measuring device and the bead array.
- the light emitted from the bead surface emits light in a random direction from the luminescent substrate, so the power that is considered to be unpolarized is reflected by the difference in the reflectivity of the s-wave and p-wave for reflection reflected by the adjacent bead It is thought that it is polarized. For this reason, by adding a polarizing plate, it is possible to focus on the reflection component, and as a result, the contribution of reflection can be reduced.
- the labeled detection target A step of capturing a quality or a step of capturing and labeling an unlabeled detection target substance by a probe, a step of supplying a reagent for a luminescence reaction to the flow path by a liquid flow, and a step of And a step of optically detecting the vicinity of the site where the reagent and the label react.
- a capillary As an example of the analysis kit, a capillary, a first particle to which a probe is fixed and contained in the capillary, a second particle containing a light-shielding substance and contained in the capillary, And a reagent for a luminescence reaction.
- a liquid feeding part for introducing and / or deriving a liquid into a narrow tube containing a solid phase with a probe fixed at least partially, and a first container for containing a sample
- a second container for storing a reagent for a luminescence reaction, and a detection unit for optically detecting an arbitrary part of the solid phase, the first container and the second container This container is connected to the liquid feeding section.
- a highly sensitive and quantitative light emission method can be realized in a detection device that detects light emission in multiple items.
- a bead array when used, there is an effect of preventing reflection of light emission between the beads.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a luminescence measurement example and a luminescent reagent feeding timing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a luminescence measurement example and a luminescent reagent feeding timing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between scanning and data in the optical system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the slit width and the signal waveform according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic view of light emission reflection according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the reflection of light emission and the effect of light-shielding beads according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the effect of the reflection of light emission and the adjustment of the refractive index of the solution according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a graph of the reflectance obtained by adjusting the refractive index of the solution according to the embodiment of the present invention with dalycerol.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the reflection of light emission and the effect of a glycerol 70% solution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus according to Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the measurement results of Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the measurement results of Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus according to Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 shows the measurement results of Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an outline of the analysis method of the first embodiment. The details will be described in the following paragraphs.
- a device having a flow path in which an antibody that captures the biochemical substance to be detected is immobilized on a solid phase is used. Introduce a sample solution containing the target substance for detection. Before the sample was introduced, nothing was captured by the antibody.
- the step (B) there is a step of capturing the detection target substance in the introduced sample solution by the antibody on the solid phase. In this case, it is possible to continue feeding the sample solution, or to stop feeding and wait for the reaction to proceed.
- step (C) there is a step of washing away the excess sample solution and washing the inside of the device.
- the substance to be detected is substantially present only at the site captured by the antibody.
- the next step (D) there is a step of introducing a solution containing an antibody labeled with an enzyme that emits light having affinity for the detection target substance into the device and reacting with the detection target substance. This step is a step of indirectly labeling the detection target substance.
- the next step (E) there is a step of washing the inside of the device by washing away excess enzyme-labeled antibody that has not reacted with the detection target substance and has not been captured on the solid phase.
- the enzyme that emits light later will be present only at the site where the substance to be detected is present, that is, at the site where the antibody that captures the biochemical substance to be detected is immobilized on the solid phase. As a result, no light is emitted from other places.
- a luminescent reagent that reacts with an enzyme is allowed to flow inside the device and the luminescence from the vicinity of the antibody is measured. Since the enzyme that causes luminescence exists only when the detection target substance is captured, the luminescence in the vicinity of the solid phase to which the enzyme that captures the detection target substance is immobilized is derived from the presence of the detection target substance.
- the amount of luminescence also reflects the amount of captured substance to be detected, or the amount or concentration of the substance to be detected in the sample solution.
- the final step (G) there is a step of processing a measurement signal derived from the measured luminescence as a detection result. By this step, the amount of the detection target substance is estimated from the obtained emission intensity.
- FIG. 2 shows the outline of the first embodiment as a schematic diagram in the vicinity of the solid phase on which the detection substance is fixed.
- the overall picture of the liquid delivery device and the measuring device will be described in the following paragraphs.
- a bead array is used as a device having a channel in which an antibody is immobilized on a solid phase.
- Outline of bead array Figure 2 (1) is a partial enlargement of.
- a capillary 1 0 1 is used as a narrow tube for forming the flow path.
- the detection target in this embodiment is, for example, hypoprotein 1
- anti- ⁇ protein protein 10 4 is immobilized on beads 10 2.
- the inner diameter of the capillary is 150 microns, for example.
- FIG. 2 (2) shows a schematic diagram in which a sample solution 10 9 containing ⁇ -foot protein 10 5 is introduced.
- the sample solution here is 50 L, and the volume flow of the solution is 10 L / min.
- Fig. 2 (4) shows a schematic diagram of washing the sample solution 109 with the washing buffer 110.
- the washing buffer 110 for example, a phosphate buffer ( ⁇ 7.4) containing a salt was used, and washing was performed under the condition that 100 was allowed to flow for 30 seconds.
- M E S (2- ( ⁇ -) was used as the washing buffer 110.
- Morpholino ethane sulfo ic acid ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ T ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ — — ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ -Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) buffer, Tris_EDTA_borate buffer, borate buffer, etc. Any buffer can be used. Further, as the salt to be added, salts such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, and ammonium acetate can be used. ⁇ - features not captured on beads 10 2 by this wash 10 5 is washed out of the bead array device.
- FIG. 2 (5) shows a schematic diagram in which a solution 11 1 containing, for example, HRP (horse radish peroxidase) -labeled anti-protein protein antibody 10 is introduced into a bead array.
- HRP is used as the label, but in the present invention, a labeling enzyme other than HRP or a labeling substance other than the enzyme can also be used.
- Examples of the labeling enzyme used in the present invention include peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, gnolecosoxidase,] 3 — D_galactosidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, invenoleretase, adenosine triphosphate Examples include acid (hereinafter ATP) ase, luciferase, and equorin.
- peroxidase alkaline phosphatase, gnolecosoxidase,] 3 — D_galactosidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, invenoleretase, adenosine triphosphate
- Examples include acid (hereinafter ATP) ase, luciferase, and equorin.
- the concentration of HRP-labeled anti- ⁇ -fetoprotein antibody 106 is assumed to be 100 ng / ml, the volume of solution 11 1 is 50 ⁇ u L, and the volume flow rate is 10 per minute.
- HRP-labeled anti- ⁇ -fetoprotein antibody 10 6 reacts with o-fetoprotein 10 5 captured by anti- ⁇ -fetoprotein antibody 10 4 on beads 10 2, resulting in beads 10 2 Caught on top.
- Fig. 2 (6) shows a schematic diagram of washing HRP-labeled anti- ⁇ -fetoprotein antibody solution 1 1 1 with wash buffer 1 1 2.
- a phosphate buffer containing a salt ( ⁇ 17.4) was used, and washing was performed under a condition that 100 ⁇ L was flowed for 30 seconds. By this washing, excess HRP-labeled anti- ⁇ protein protein 106 that was not captured on the beads 102 is washed out of the bead array device.
- Fig. 2 (7) shows a schematic diagram of the measurement of luminescence 10 8 when solution 1 13 containing reagent 107 for luminescence reaction was passed through the bead array.
- a reagent for luminescence reaction 10 7 when an enzyme is used for labeling, it contains a substance corresponding to the enzyme used.
- Substrates include, for example, luminol, dioxetane, peroxalate, gnolecose, / 3 — D-galactocinole, glucose mono-phosphate, noresigenin, ascorbate phosphate, adenosine triphosphate, luciferin or derivatives thereof, Calcium ions are listed.
- Reagents for luminescent reactions include alkyl hydroxides such as hydrogen peroxide and tarpyl hydroxide. It may contain oxidants such as peracids and oxygen-added oxidants such as sodium and sobenzene.
- the reagent for the luminescence reaction may further contain a luminescence sensitizer.
- Photosensitizers include, for example, 4-odophenol, 4 bromophenol, 4-black mouth phenol, 4-phenyl phenol, phenolo reindo mononore, 2-black mouth 4 one phenolenore. , 4 _ (2'-Cheninole) phenol, 4— (2 '-benzothiazolyl) phenol, 4 1 [4'-(2 '-methyl) thiazolyl] phenol, 4 — [2'-(4 ' —Methyl) thiazolyl] phenol, 4 4 'one thiazolinol) phenol, 4— (2'_benzothiazolyl) phenol, 4— [4' one (2'— 3 pyridyl)) thiazole] phenol, Phenothiazine mono-N-propyl sulfonate, 3 _ (10—Phenothiazyl) _ n—Propyl sulfonate, 3— (10—Pheno
- the reagent for the luminescence reaction includes luminol or a derivative thereof as a substrate, or an oxidizing agent such as lucigenin hydrogen peroxide, 4-iodophenol as a luminescence sensitizer, 4 — [4 ′-(2′-methyl) thiazolyl] phenol, 4— [2 ′ — (4′-methyl) thiazolinol] phenol, 4— (4′-thiazolinole) phenol, 4 -— [4 ′ — ( 2 '-(3'-pyridyl)) thianol] phenol, 4- (2'-cenyl) fu; '-(2'-methyl) thiazolyl] phenol or 4_ [2'-(4'-methyl) thiazolyl] phenol can be used.
- an oxidizing agent such as lucigenin hydrogen peroxide, 4-iodophenol as a luminescence sensitizer
- reagents for luminescence reaction can also be used.
- a chemiluminescence detection system glucose oxidase as a labeling enzyme
- glucose as a reagent for luminescence reaction
- Peroxyester derivatives such as triclonal fenoxalate (TCP ⁇ ) / 8—Aryl nonaphthalene sulfonic acid (AN s) and other fluorescent dyes, or systems using glucose / isonorol z microperoxidase (m-P OD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as a labeling enzyme, and adamantyl methoxyphos as a reagent for luminescence reaction System using dioxetane derivatives such as holylphenyl dioxetane (AMP PD), / 3 — D-galactosidase as labeling enzyme, 0-nitrophenyl 1 ⁇ — ⁇ — as reagent for luminescence reaction Galactostosyl / galactose dehydrogenase AD + ⁇ ADH, or lactose noglucose oxidase (G OD) / isoluminol /
- AD P tonoalcohol dehydrogenase
- the volume flow rate of the solution 1 13 containing the reagent 10 7 for the luminescence reaction was 10 ⁇ L per minute, and the flow was continued for 10 minutes or more.
- Luminescence occurs when the HRP on the HRP-labeled anti-protein antibody 10 06 reacts with the reagent 10 7 for the luminescence reaction, so that luminescence occurs only in the vicinity of the beads 102 To do.
- HRP is an antibody immobilized on a bead to capture the detection target, The detection target captured by the antibody and bound to the bead via the HRP-labeled anti-protein protein antibody 10 captured by the detection target.
- Luminescence occurs in the vicinity of the labeled HRP. As a result, it occurs near the surface of one bead 102.
- the emitted light 10 8 is measured by the optical measuring instrument 1 1 4. Details of the optical measuring device 1 1 4 will be described later.
- FIG. 3 shows an outline of the apparatus according to the first embodiment. Centered on bead array 1 2 1 described in Fig. 2, capillary 1 2 5 and capillary 1 2 2 are piped on both sides. One side of Beasley is Capillary 1
- syringe 1.2 3 Connected to syringe 1.2 3 through 2 2.
- the piston of the syringe 1 2 3 is pushed and pulled, and as a result, liquid can be fed into the bead array 1 2 1.
- a cabinet 1 2 5 is piped, and beyond that is connected to a plurality of containers 1 2 7 via valves 1 2 6.
- Each of these containers 1 2 7 contains the sample solution, washing buffer, HRP labeled antibody solution, etc., described in the previous explanation using FIG. 2, and also used as a waste reservoir. Is done. Access to each container 1 2 7 is achieved by operating valves 1 2 6.
- the light emitted from the beads array 1 2 1 is measured through the optical fiber 1 3 1.
- the stage is placed close to the luminous beads in the beads array 1 2 1 depending on the stage.
- the opposite end of optical fiber 1 3 1 is connected to PMT 1 3 3 through connector 1 3 2 to ⁇ (photomultiplier tube).
- ⁇ photomultiplier tube
- FIG. 4 (A) is an example of the luminescence measurement result of the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 (B) is a schematic diagram showing the timing and amount of luminescent reagent feeding at that time. Measurement starts at time 0, and no luminescence reagent is yet delivered at that time, so luminescence is not measured. The signal strength remains at the background level. It remains constant. The solution containing the luminescent reagent is delivered at a volumetric flow rate of 10 per minute at the start of the luminescent reagent introduction, and then the solution is continued. The signal intensity due to luminescence decreases soon after recording a high peak. The intensity of emitted light after the decrease is very slowly attenuated. The peak width of this first high peak is about 1 second or less.
- this timing-specific peak is a phenomenon that is specifically observed for light emission.
- the luminescence reagent is placed in the container and then set in the luminescence measuring device to measure luminescence, and this timing-specific peak cannot be observed.
- This timing-specific peak can be detected by measuring the luminescence at the site where luminescence occurs while flowing the reagent for the luminescence reaction. By measuring this timing-specific peak, high S / N measurement can be performed instantaneously. As a result, it is possible to measure with a small amount of luminescent reagent. In addition, highly sensitive measurement is possible.
- the luminescence reagent is always supplied, and the concentration of the luminescence reagent in the vicinity of the enzyme is not attenuated, so the attenuation of the luminescence intensity is suppressed and stable.
- High-sensitivity and stable measurement can be performed by adding signals after high peaks for a long time. For example, the output from PMT 1 3 3 is acquired at a sampling interval of 1 millisecond, and the digital data is obtained. By adding up with Sokon 1 3 5 you can get a higher signal-to-noise ratio compared to sampling at a single point.
- the signal-to-noise ratio is considered to increase in proportion to the sum of the sum of the points. Even when a large amount of detection target substance is captured and the density of the enzyme is high, the luminescent reagent is supplied by the flow and the decrease in the peripheral concentration of the luminescent reagent can be suppressed, so that highly accurate measurement can be performed. This phenomenon of occurrence of timing-specific peaks can be interpreted and understood as follows. At the first timing of the introduction of the luminescent reagent, the luminescent reagent that had not been around the enzyme on the beads until now has rushed to the periphery of the enzyme at once, so that luminescence appears greatly.
- the concentration of the luminescent reagent around the enzyme is the same as the concentration of the introduced luminescent reagent solution, which is practically maximum.
- the thin liquid film is thinner and the diffusion distance is shorter than when the solution is stopped without flowing.
- the luminescent reagent is supplied one after another by the flow, it is possible to prevent the decrease of the balancing agent concentration due to the digestion of the luminescent reagent, which is advantageous for long-time measurement.
- the luminescent reagent is poured, it is possible to stop the luminescent reagent solution delivery, and detection of luminescence can be realized. Even in this case, advantageous measurement can be realized by simultaneously introducing the luminescent reagent and measuring luminescence.
- a bead array is used.
- the present invention is not limited to using a bead array.
- a device with a flow channel in which a probe that captures a biochemical substance to be detected is fixed to a solid phase a system that performs luminescence detection by measuring the vicinity of the fixed region of the probe is generally used. Applicable.
- the protein synthetic assay is performed using antibody-immobilized beads, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
- RNA ribonucleic acid
- PNA peptide nucleic acid
- artificial nucleic acid having adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, uridine, inosine, or nucleic acid derivatives are generally used.
- nucleic acid probe When using a nucleic acid probe, it can be adapted for detection of nucleic acid, and when a protein is used as a probe, it can also be used for antibody testing, antigen testing, etc.
- food allergen testing, allergen specific It can be applied to IgE tests, infectious disease tests, chemical substance specific tests, and pollutant tests.
- sugar-lectin reaction and receptors can be used as probes. It is. Probe design that takes advantage of DNA_protein interaction is possible, and it can be applied to enzyme-substrate reactions such as piotin-avidin reaction.
- FIG. 5 shows an outline of the apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- the bead array 1 4 1 shown in Fig. 5 has a shape in which multiple beads corresponding to the bead array 1 2 1 in Fig. 2 (four in this case) are connected, and each bead part has a large diameter. It is installed so that it comes under the fiber bundle 1 4 2. It is desirable that the diameter of one bundle of optical fibers 1 4 2 is equal to or larger than the area where the beads to be measured are arranged. At least in this configuration, beads corresponding to the measurement items in one bead array are used.
- the outer diameter of the detection target bead on which the probe is immobilized (in the case of a plurality of beads, the length is the sum of the outer diameters of the plurality of beads) or larger than this. This makes it possible to reliably detect the beads to be measured.
- the internal volume of the connecting parts 1 2 .2 a, b, c was about 10 W L each.
- Each bead array corresponding to the bead array 1 2 1 1 2 1 a, b, c, d has different antibodies such as anti-protein protein antibody, anti-CA19-9 antibody, anti-CEA antibody, anti-PSA Includes beads with immobilized antibodies.
- the optical fiber bundle 1 4 2 is connected to the PMT 1 3 3 through the connection connector 1 4 3 between the optical fiber bundle 1 and the PMT. The rest of the configuration is the same as the device settings in Fig. 2.
- FIG. 6 (A) is a schematic diagram of an example of the luminescence measurement result of the second embodiment
- FIG. 6 (B) is a schematic diagram of the timing and amount of luminescent reagent feeding at that time.
- the sample solution contains, for example, ⁇ -fetoprotein, CA19-9, CEA, and PSA, and its purpose is to detect it.
- the HRP-labeled antibody solution a solution containing HRP-labeled antibodies against four kinds of substances was used. Measurement starts at time 0, and no luminescence is measured since the luminescent reagent has not yet been delivered. The signal strength stays constant at the backround level.
- Luminescence test The solution containing the luminescent reagent is delivered at a volumetric flow rate of IO JU L per minute at the start of drug introduction, and then the delivery is continued. As in the first embodiment, the peak of the signal intensity due to light emission is recorded. Thereafter, a total of four peaks are observed at intervals of about 1 minute. These peaks are considered to be luminescence in the vicinity of the beads to which the anti- (3 ⁇ 4 photoprotein antibody, anti-C-19 antibody, anti-CEA antibody, and anti-PSA antibody are immobilized.
- the time required for the solution to reach each bead array can be predicted from the flow rate of the solution containing the luminescent reagent. In this way, by measuring while sending the luminescent reagent, it is possible to detect multiple items using a single detector and not move the photodetector. There is an effect that can be realized simply and inexpensively.
- FIG. 7 shows an outline of the apparatus according to the third embodiment.
- This system detects multiple items by scanning an optical system.
- a liquid feeding system similar to that of the first embodiment is connected to a bead array 15 1 1 in which probe-fixed beads and probe-unfixed beads for a plurality of items are alternately arranged.
- One side of the bead array 15 1 is connected to a syringe 1 2. 3 installed in a syringe pump 1 2 4 by a capillary 1 2 2.
- a capillary-1 2 5 is piped and connected to the container 1 2 7 via a valve 1 2 6 at the end. Access to each container 1 2 7 is achieved by operating valve 1 2 6.
- Light emission from a plurality of beads in the bead array 15 1 is separately measured by scanning by the optical system 1 56.
- the optical system 1 5 6 moves relative to the bead array 1 51.
- the objective lens 15 2 has a focal length of 9 mm and a numerical aperture of 0.46
- the imaging lens 15 3 has a focal length of 180 mm, for example.
- the magnification is the ratio of the focal length, which is 20 times.
- the slit 1 5 4 is placed on the image plane of the optical system set by the objective lens 1 5 2 and the imaging lens 1 5 3. Taking a 100 micron bead in the bead array 1 51 as an example, this virtual image plane will appear as a 2 mm diameter.
- the slit 1 5 4 cuts out the image of the bead, and the bead array 1 5 A direction that is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of 1 and has a rectangular shape with a longitudinal direction.
- the slit width is described as a value obtained by multiplying the inverse ratio of the magnification, not the actual size of the slit width. For example, when the slit width is 20 microns, a bead image that is originally 100 microns is 5 minutes in the horizontal direction.
- PMT 1 5 5 is placed immediately after slit 1 5 4 and receives all the light that has passed through slit 1 5 4.
- the light receiving surface is
- the PMT 1 5 5 is connected to a personal computer 1 5 8 as a data processing device via a line 1 5 7. With this setting, the light emitted from the bead array 1 5 1 collected by the optical system 1 5 6 is guided to the PMT 1 5 5 and a signal is output from the personal computer 1 5 8.
- FIG. 8 shows an outline of the relationship between the scanning of the optical system and the obtained data in the third embodiment.
- Fig. 8 (A) is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship between the virtual bead array and slit on the image plane. An example is shown in which the slit width is set to 10 microns for a bead diameter of 100 microns. The light emission corresponding to the part of the rectangular slit cut out from the bead image (the white part in the figure) is measured by the PMT.
- Fig. 8 (B) is a diagram conceptually showing that the elapsed scan time corresponds to the bead placement position, and that the emission intensity corresponds to that position.
- the optical system including the slit When the optical system including the slit is scanned in the longitudinal direction of the bead array, the light emitted from the beads of the bead array passes through the slit and is measured as a waveform with positional resolution. If the slit width is widened, the amount of transmitted light increases, so a high signal intensity can be obtained. However, since the light emission from each bead overlaps, accurate measurement is difficult. If the scanning speed is too high, the waveform will be lost due to the influence of the PMT measurement bandwidth.
- the reciprocal of the PMT measurement band (which can be expressed in units of seconds) is equal to or longer than the scan time per bead. Even if the light emission is received by the PMT, the signal spreads over a time equivalent to or longer than the scanning of the beads, making it difficult to distinguish the beads. Therefore, the scan speed is one bead with the reciprocal of the measurement band. It is desirable to set the area so that it is sufficiently smaller than the per-scan time.
- FIG. 9 schematically shows the relationship between the slit width and the signal waveform in the third embodiment.
- the scan time is, for example, per bead
- Fig. 9 (A) shows the case where the slit width is 50 micron (about 50% of the bead diameter). In this case, since the slit width is large to some extent, a large signal can be obtained. On the other hand, when the slit is scanning towards the end of the bead, it picks up the light emitted from the adjacent bead, and the light emitted from each bead tends to be difficult to distinguish accurately. .
- Figure 9 (B) shows the case where the slit width is 10 microns (bead diameter 1).
- Figure 9 (C) shows a slit width of 8,0 microns.
- FIG. 10 shows an outline of the apparatus according to the fourth embodiment. 1st to 1st
- the optical system uses a CCD camera, it is possible to measure a large number of bead arrays at once.
- a bead array in which probe-fixed beads for a plurality of items and probe non-fixed beads or light-shielding beads are alternately arranged.
- Bead array group consisting of bundles of bee arrays 2 0 1 2.
- the liquid feed system is a part that has the function of feeding liquid to each bead array. As shown in Fig. 3, a system that uses a syringe and connects to each bead array or a system that uses a pump can be applied.
- the solution holding part and connection switching part 20 3 are the part of the container in which the reaction solution or cleaning solution is placed and the part that has the function of switching to that solution. Connected systems are applicable.
- Each of the liquid feeding system 20 2, the liquid holding unit, and the connection switching unit 20 3 has a function of flowing a solution containing a reagent for a luminescence reaction into each of the bead array groups 201.
- This bead array group 2 0 1 is measured by a CCD camera 2 0 5 through a camera lens 2 0 4.
- the force mellar lens 204 has an F value of 0.95 and a focal length of 50 mm, and the image magnification is set to the same magnification.
- the 100 micron beads in the bead array are projected onto the light-receiving surface of the CCD camera 205 at a size of 100 microns.
- the CCD camera 205 is connected to a data processing device BASCON 20 07 via a line 206, and the image obtained by the CCD camera 205 is processed and displayed by this personal computer 20 07. . Any CCD camera can be used here.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of reflection of light emitted from beads in the fourth embodiment.
- Fig. 11 (A) is an enlarged schematic diagram of a part of the image
- Fig. 11 (B) is a graph showing normalized emission intensity observed for each bead. The measurement time was temporarily 5 minutes.
- Figure 11 (A) shows an example of 100 micron polystyrene (PS) beads. This is the case where beads 2 1 2 (No.1, 2, 4, 5), which are not expected to emit light, are arranged on both sides of the emitting beads 2 1 1 (No. 3).
- Capillaries 2 1 3 contain beads 2 1 1 and 2 1 2, and an aqueous solution 2 1 4 containing a luminescent reagent flows in the space. The aqueous solution containing 2 14 luminescent reagent is fed from the left side in Fig. 11 (A).
- Figure 1 shows a comparison of the light intensity with the emission intensity of the emitted bead 2 1 1 as 100.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example in which light-shielding beads are sandwiched between reflections of light emission from the beads in the fourth embodiment.
- Figure 12 (A) shows the configuration. Inserted between beads 2 1 1 that emit light-shielding beads 2 2 1 and beads 2 1 2 that do not emit light.
- the light-shielding beads 2 2 1 beads prepared by mixing particles mixed with a light-shielding substance, for example, 100 micron Mn02 fine particles with polystyrene.
- black, blue, red and other colored particles, colored latex, metal particles, mixed materials with light-shielding materials, or particles with light-shielding materials, or any other material that exhibits light-shielding properties Can also be used.
- Fig. 1 2 (B) shows an enlarged schematic diagram of the image
- Fig. 1 2 (C) shows a graph showing the normalized emission intensity observed for each bead. The measurement time was temporarily 5 minutes.
- the emission intensity of the bead at No. 1 position is 2.8% to 0.9. /.
- the emission intensity from the bead No. 5 is significantly reduced from 3.2% to 1.2%.
- Light-shielding beads 2 2 1 emits light 2 1 1 has the effect of blocking the light emission and reducing the amount of reflection.
- Luminol-based light emission used in this embodiment has an emission wavelength of about 420 nm, and there is no problem if it is a material that blocks the wavelength as the material property of the light-shielding beads. For example, blasted beads with ferrite, blasted beads mixed with black pigment, or beads with gold vapor deposition are considered.
- a system with only one 100 micron bead but this is not necessarily the case.
- light shielding of 30 micron or less A similar effect can be expected with a system in which several beads are placed.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram schematically showing the effect of adjusting the refractive index of the solution regarding the reflection of light emitted from the beads in the fourth embodiment. Fig.
- the light emitted from the emitting beads 2 1 1 includes a light beam 2 3 1 that goes directly to the optical system and a light beam 2 3 2 that goes to the next bead.
- the refractive index of the aqueous solution 2 14 containing the reagent for the luminescence reaction is about 1.33
- the refractive index of polystyrene, which is one material of beads is 1.58. Therefore, the light beam 2 3 2 toward the next bead is affected by scattering or refraction at the surface of the bead 2 1 2, so that it is reflected in the bead 2 1 2 that is directed toward the optical system and consequently does not emit light. Will be observed.
- Figure 13 (B) is a schematic diagram when the refractive index is ideally adjusted.
- the refractive index of the solution 2 3 3 can be adjusted to the same refractive index as that of polystyrene, the light beam 2 3 2 directed to the adjacent bead is not affected by scattering or refraction at the surface of the bead 2 1 2. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the reflection caused by scattering or refraction to zero. In other words, it is possible to reduce the reflection by making the solution have a refractive index close to that of the beads.
- the choice of organic solvent is broadened, so the refractive index adjustment is easier.
- the above polystyrene has a refractive index of 1.58, but when a bead material is used and a material with a low refractive index, for example, a glass with a refractive index of 1.47, the refractive index of the solution can be adjusted within a low range. This makes it easier to prevent reflections.
- FIG. 14 is a graph verifying the effect of adjusting the refractive index of the solution with glycerol from the viewpoint of reflectivity, with respect to the reflection of light emitted from the beads in the fourth embodiment.
- Glycerol is a substance that changes the refractive index of an aqueous solution relatively large and has little influence on the enzyme reaction.
- the refractive index of an aqueous solution of daricerol increases from 1.33 to 1.47 as its weight concentration (% by weight) increases. Reflection was evaluated using the reflectance of light in the vertical direction as a representative, and the reflectance when the glycerol concentration was 0% was taken as 100%. The reflectance at that time was calculated as the reflectance ratio and plotted as a graph.
- the reflectivity in aqueous solution is 0.74%.
- the glyceride concentration is increased, the difference in refractive index becomes smaller and the reflectivity also decreases. For example, when 50% glycerol is added, the reflectance ratio drops to 50%, and a sufficient effect is obtained.
- the difference in refractive index at this time is 0.18. If the glycerol concentration exceeds 80%, the viscosity will increase significantly, which may cause inconvenience in the actual feeding. That is, when the beads are polystyrene, the concentration of glycerol is preferably in the range of 50% to 80%.
- the reflectivity for the aqueous solution is 0.25%, which is one third of that of polystyrene, and the reflectivity ratio is 49%, less than half, just by setting the glycerol concentration to 30%. That is, when the beads are glass, the concentration of glycerol is desirably 30% or more and 80% or less. In consideration of the general bead form used in the bead array, it is generally desirable that the concentration of glycerol be in the range of 30% to 80% based on the above conditions. Although the case of glycerol was shown this time, it is not limited to this as long as the solvent can change the refractive index.
- the refractive index of the beads is nb
- the refractive index of the solution is ns
- the reflectance is represented by the reflectance k in the vertical direction of the interface
- the relationship k (nb-ns) 2 / (nb + ns) 2 is obtained. is there.
- the range of the glyce oral solution in the case of the glyce oral solution is 30% to 80%.
- it is desirable that the difference between the refractive index of the bead and the refractive index of the solution is small, but from the following considerations, it is considered effective if it is about 0.2. It is done.
- the refractive index ns of the solution at this time is 1.4 0 for beads and polystyrene and glass, respectively. And 1.3. Taking the difference from the refractive index of the beads gives 0.18 and 0.10. In general, the refractive index of the resin is higher than that of glass, and considering the use of resin beads other than polystyrene, it is sufficient if the difference in refractive index is about 0.2 or less. effective.
- Fig. 15 shows an example of the reflection of luminescence from beads in the fourth embodiment when the solution containing the reagent for the luminescence reaction is adjusted so that the concentration of glycerol contained is 70%.
- the refractive index of the solution 2 3 3 is 1.43.
- Fig. 15 (A) shows an enlarged schematic diagram of the image
- Fig. 15 (B) shows a graph showing the normalized emission intensity observed for each bead.
- the measurement time was 5 minutes.
- a bead array is used, but the present invention is not limited to the case where a bead array is used.
- a probe that captures the biochemical substance to be detected is fixed to a solid phase, it is generally reflected in a system that detects luminescence by measuring the vicinity of the probe. Since this problem occurs, this embodiment is effective.
- FIG. 16 shows an outline of the apparatus related to reduction of reflection using a polarizing plate in the fourth embodiment.
- a polarizing plate 2 4 1 is inserted between a bead array group 2 0 1 and a CCD camera 2 0 5.
- the luminescence from the bead array group 20 1 is considered to be unpolarized because the luminescent substrate emits light in a random direction, but the reflection of the s-wave and p-wave is reflected with respect to the reflection reflected by the adjacent bead. It is thought that the light is polarized due to the difference in reflectance.
- Figure 17 shows a schematic diagram of the equipment used in the experiment. The reaction was performed according to the flow chart of FIG.
- blank beads which were only blocked with Block Ace TM and were not fixed with anti- IgE antibody, were prepared separately.
- the reaction was performed for 20 minutes.
- PBS was washed in one direction at a flow rate of 100 L / min and washed for 4 minutes. Diluted with PBS 100 ng / L HRP labeled anti-I g E antibody (Beaty 1 manufactured by Goat Anti-Hum an Ig E_HR PC onjugate) 5 0; u L flow rate 1 The solution was sent back and forth (0.00 back and forth) at 0.0 x LZmin and allowed to react for 20 minutes. PBS was washed in one direction at a flow rate of 100 ⁇ L / min and washed for 4 minutes.
- FIG. 18 shows the results of luminescence measurement using S.upperSignal®WestFetemo (manufactured by PIERC) as the luminescent substrate of HRP.
- S.upperSignal®WestFetemo manufactured by PIERC
- a peak derived from luminescence was obtained.
- the value was 5.5, and the same experiment was conducted with 0 ng / mL IgE (without IgE), 2.3 .
- Figure 17 shows a schematic diagram of the equipment used in the experiment. The reaction was performed according to the flow chart of FIG.
- a cedar pollen extraction antigen-immobilized bead (hereinafter referred to as a blank bead), which was only blocked with Block Ace TM, was prepared separately.
- the device was grooved with an inner dimension of 1 1 0 m X 1 1 0 ⁇ m in a 3.0 cm x 4.0 cm x 0.15 cm sized polyethylene acrylate.
- the open part of the chip was laminated with a 50 m thick film of the same material.
- the chip was arranged in the order of 10 blank beads, 1 cedar antigen-immobilized beads, and 10 plank beads.
- a dam structure In order to prevent the beads from flowing out at the end of the chip, a dam structure is provided, and the other side is a tapered structure, with a fused silica capillary with an outer diameter of 3 75 ⁇ m and an inner diameter of 50 m ( The spill of beads was stopped by inserting GL Sciences. Each cavity was connected using an inner seal connector (GLS Science, applicable inner diameter 2 5 0-5 3 0 ⁇ m).
- Block Ace TM was reciprocated (10 times) at a flow rate of 100 ⁇ L, and reacted for 10 minutes. (Blocking the flow path)
- 100 ng / ml mouse monoclonal anti-Cryj 1 antibody prepared with PBS manufactured by Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., AB—Cedar Po 1 1 en Allergen Cryjl, (0 2 6) (mo) (M), Affin) 50 ⁇ L was reciprocated (20 times) at a flow rate of 100 ⁇ L / min and reacted for 20 minutes. PBS was flushed in one direction at a flow rate of 100 L / min and washed for 4 minutes.
- Example 3 A schematic diagram of the apparatus used in the experiment is shown in FIG. For 2 50 ⁇ m PS beads (Po 1 ysciecnce, particle size range 2 5 0— 3 0 0 ⁇ ⁇ ), 10 ⁇ g mL of HR ⁇ labeled anti-A 1 dos adjusted with PBS 1 ase antibody (Anti-Aldolase, Rabbit Muscle, Goat-Poly, HRP Model No. 20 0— 1 34 1, manufactured by ROCKLAND) was immobilized in a refrigerator overnight.
- PBS 1 ase antibody Anti-Aldolase, Rabbit Muscle, Goat-Poly, HRP Model No. 20 0— 1 34 1, manufactured by ROCKLAND
- Both ends were fixed with a 50 m diameter SU S 3 04 stainless steel wire (manufactured by Niraco Co., Ltd., No. 3 5 1 1 0 7).
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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AU2006246598A AU2006246598B2 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2006-02-10 | Method of analyzing biochemical |
US11/915,021 US8178305B2 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2006-02-10 | Method of analyzing biochemical |
JP2007516207A JP4655088B2 (ja) | 2005-05-20 | 2006-02-10 | 生化学物質の分析方法 |
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WO2012153723A1 (ja) * | 2011-05-09 | 2012-11-15 | コニカミノルタホールディングス株式会社 | マイクロチップ送液システム |
JP2012233888A (ja) * | 2011-04-21 | 2012-11-29 | Universal Bio Research Co Ltd | 複数種の目的物質を同時に検出又は定量するための分析方法 |
JP2015129762A (ja) * | 2009-11-23 | 2015-07-16 | サイヴェク・インコーポレイテッド | アッセイを行う方法及び装置 |
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JP2009257819A (ja) * | 2008-04-14 | 2009-11-05 | Fujifilm Corp | イムノクロマト測定方法およびイムノクロマト測定キット |
JP2015129762A (ja) * | 2009-11-23 | 2015-07-16 | サイヴェク・インコーポレイテッド | アッセイを行う方法及び装置 |
JP2012233888A (ja) * | 2011-04-21 | 2012-11-29 | Universal Bio Research Co Ltd | 複数種の目的物質を同時に検出又は定量するための分析方法 |
WO2012153723A1 (ja) * | 2011-05-09 | 2012-11-15 | コニカミノルタホールディングス株式会社 | マイクロチップ送液システム |
US9952210B2 (en) | 2011-05-09 | 2018-04-24 | Konica Minolta, Inc. | Microchip solution sending system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1884766A1 (en) | 2008-02-06 |
JPWO2006123459A1 (ja) | 2008-12-25 |
CN101180530B (zh) | 2011-11-09 |
CN101180530A (zh) | 2008-05-14 |
US8178305B2 (en) | 2012-05-15 |
JP4655088B2 (ja) | 2011-03-23 |
KR20080016603A (ko) | 2008-02-21 |
EP1884766A4 (en) | 2013-10-16 |
AU2006246598B2 (en) | 2010-04-01 |
TWI368657B (ja) | 2012-07-21 |
US20090298094A1 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
AU2006246598A1 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
TW200722523A (en) | 2007-06-16 |
KR100967246B1 (ko) | 2010-07-01 |
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