WO2006068227A1 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006068227A1 WO2006068227A1 PCT/JP2005/023607 JP2005023607W WO2006068227A1 WO 2006068227 A1 WO2006068227 A1 WO 2006068227A1 JP 2005023607 W JP2005023607 W JP 2005023607W WO 2006068227 A1 WO2006068227 A1 WO 2006068227A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- hydrogen
- hydrogen storage
- supplied
- storage tank
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
- H01M8/04208—Cartridges, cryogenic media or cryogenic reservoirs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
- H01M8/04216—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes characterised by the choice for a specific material, e.g. carbon, hydride, absorbent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system, and more specifically, hydrogen is supplied to a fuel cell from a hydrogen storage tank provided with a hydrogen storage material, and the hydrogen storage material is used using a heat medium after cooling the fuel cell. It is related with the fuel cell system which heats and maintains the pressure in a tank more than the pressure required for the supply of hydrogen to a fuel cell.
- a hydrogen storage alloy that stores hydrogen as a hydride under a certain temperature and pressure condition and releases hydrogen under another temperature and pressure condition. It is attracting attention. By using this hydrogen storage alloy, much more hydrogen can be stored in the same volume than in the gaseous state.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration in which a heat medium circulation system that cools a fuel cell also serves as a heat medium circulation system that heats a hydrogen storage alloy. According to this configuration, by controlling the supply of the heat medium to the hydrogen storage tank, the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank is maintained higher than the pressure necessary for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that hydrogen gas is filled in the gap in the tank at a pressure exceeding the plateau pressure of the hydrogen storage alloy corresponding to the temperature in the hydrogen storage tank.
- the pressure of hydrogen filling the hydrogen storage tank is preferably 25 to 50 MPa. ing.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-5-251105
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-108570
- the oxygen electrode of the fuel cell hydrogen and oxygen react to generate water, and a part thereof becomes water vapor, which may penetrate the electrolyte membrane from the oxygen electrode and enter the hydrogen electrode.
- the electrolyte membrane is kept wet to allow hydrogen ions to pass therethrough. For this reason, for example, when the outside air temperature is below freezing point, the temperature of the hydrogen supplied to the hydrogen electrode decreases, so that the water present on the hydrogen reaction surface of the fuel cell freezes and the hydrogen flow path There is a risk of blockage.
- the flow rate and temperature of the cooling medium are adjusted to maintain the temperature of the fuel cell at a temperature (60 to 80 ° C.) with good power generation efficiency. If not noticed, the temperature of hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell is lowered, which may reduce the temperature of the hydrogen reaction surface and reduce the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell.
- the present invention suppresses a decrease in power generation efficiency due to a decrease in the operating temperature of the fuel cell, and prevents freezing of water present on the hydrogen reaction surface and closure of the hydrogen flow path. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel cell system that can be used.
- the fuel cell after hydrogen is supplied to a fuel cell from a hydrogen storage tank provided with a hydrogen storage material in the tank body, the fuel cell is cooled.
- the hydrogen storage material is heated in a fuel cell system that heats the hydrogen storage material using the heat transfer medium and maintains the pressure in the tank body at or above the pressure required to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell.
- a heat exchanger provided in the tank, a heat medium flow path for supplying a heat medium to the heat exchanger, temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell, and a heat medium flow path.
- a switching means capable of switching the heat medium flow path between a state where the heat medium after cooling the fuel cell is supplied to the heat exchanger and a state where the heat medium bypasses the heat exchanger, and a temperature detection means
- a control means for controlling the switching means based on the signal of the control circuit, the control means, when the temperature of the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell is below a predetermined temperature, the heat medium after cooling the fuel cell is transferred to the heat exchanger.
- the switching means is controlled so as to be supplied.
- the heat medium after cooling the fuel cell is supplied to the heat exchanger and the hydrogen storage tank is heated. This prevents the temperature of hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell from becoming too low. Therefore, since the decrease in the operating temperature of the fuel cell is suppressed, the decrease in the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell can be suppressed. In addition, since freezing of water present on the hydrogen reaction surface of the fuel cell is avoided, the hydrogen flow path is also prevented from being blocked.
- the predetermined temperature is preferably set to a temperature at which moisture present on the hydrogen reaction surface of the fuel cell is frozen. According to this configuration, since water freezing on the hydrogen reaction surface is avoided, the hydrogen flow path is further prevented from being blocked.
- the fuel cell system includes a plurality of hydrogen storage tanks, hydrogen is supplied from each hydrogen storage tank to the fuel cell through a common pipe, and the temperature detecting means is provided for each pipe. It is desirable to detect the temperature of hydrogen flowing between the connection with the hydrogen storage tank and the fuel cell. According to this configuration, the temperature of hydrogen supplied from each hydrogen storage tank to the fuel cell can be accurately detected using one temperature detection means.
- the switching means is a heat medium after cooling the fuel cell. It is desirable that the heat medium flow path can be switched between a state where the heat medium is sequentially supplied to each heat exchanger and a state where the heat medium is supplied to a specific heat exchanger. According to this configuration, when the fuel cell system includes a plurality of hydrogen storage tanks, all the hydrogen storage tanks can be heated simultaneously, or only a specific hydrogen storage tank can be selectively heated. it can.
- each hydrogen storage tank is provided with a valve, and the control device is configured to equalize the remaining amount of hydrogen in each hydrogen storage tank when supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell. It is desirable to control the opening and closing of the valve. According to this configuration, since the remaining amount of hydrogen in each hydrogen storage tank is almost uniform, it is related to the heating of the hydrogen storage material in each hydrogen storage tank, that is, the supply of the heat medium to each heat exchanger. Easy to control.
- the control device when the hydrogen is supplied from the hydrogen storage tank supplied to the fuel cell for a predetermined time, the control device supplies the fuel cell to a hydrogen storage tank different from the hydrogen storage tank. It is desirable to control the opening and closing of each valve so that hydrogen is supplied. According to this configuration, it is possible to more easily control the supply of the heat medium to each hydrogen storage tank.
- the fuel cell system is desirably mounted on a fuel cell vehicle. According to this configuration, for example, the operating state of the fuel cell vehicle can be stabilized regardless of the outside temperature or the like.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a hydrogen storage tank according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a hydrogen storage tank according to another embodiment.
- the fuel cell system 10 includes a fuel cell 11, three hydrogen storage tanks 12, and a compressor 13. And a radiator 14.
- the fuel cell 11, each hydrogen storage tank 12, and the radiator 14 are connected to each other via a heat medium flow path 15.
- a long life coolant (LLC) is used as the heat medium flowing through the heat medium flow path 15.
- the fuel cell 11 is a solid polymer type fuel cell.
- the fuel cell 11 reacts hydrogen supplied from each hydrogen storage tank 12 with oxygen in the air supplied from the compressor 13 to generate DC electric energy (DC power).
- the fuel cell 11 is provided with a heat exchanging portion 11a for cooling the fuel cell 11 during operation.
- the heat exchanging portion 11a constitutes a part of the heat medium flow path 15.
- Each hydrogen storage tank 12 includes a tank body 16, and a hydrogen storage unit 17 is provided in the tank body 16.
- the hydrogen storage unit 17 includes a known hydrogen storage alloy MH as a hydrogen storage material.
- Each hydrogen storage tank 12 is provided with a heat exchanger 18 for exchanging heat with the hydrogen storage alloy MH.
- the heat exchanger 18 includes a large number of fins 19 in order to efficiently exchange heat with the hydrogen storage alloy MH.
- the heat exchanger 18 constitutes a part of the hydrogen storage unit 17 and also constitutes a part of the heat medium flow path 15.
- Each hydrogen storage tank 12 is connected to a hydrogen supply port 20 b of the fuel cell 11 through a common pipe 20.
- a valve 21 is provided at each connection portion 20a connecting the pipe 20 and each hydrogen storage tank 12.
- a pressure regulating valve 22 is provided downstream of the connecting portion 20a.
- each hydrogen storage tank 12 is filled with hydrogen at a pressure (for example, about 35 MPa) higher than the pressure (plateau pressure) in the plateau region of the hydrogen storage alloy MH.
- the pressure of the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell 11 is adjusted to a predetermined pressure (for example, about 0.3 MPa) by the pressure regulating valve 22.
- a temperature sensor 23 as a temperature detecting means is provided downstream of the connecting portion 20a in the pipe 20. The temperature sensor 23 detects the temperature of hydrogen supplied from each hydrogen storage tank 12 to the fuel cell 11.
- Each hydrogen storage tank 12 is connected to a pipe line 24 provided with a hydrogen filling port 24a, and through this pipe line 24, for example, hydrogen gas is filled into each hydrogen shell storage tank 12 from a hydrogen station.
- Each hydrogen storage tank 12 is provided with a check valve 25 and a pressure sensor 26, respectively.
- the check valve 25 prevents the hydrogen flowing through the pipe 20 from flowing back into each hydrogen storage tank 12 through the pipe line 24.
- a pressure sensor 26 detects the pressure in each hydrogen storage tank 12.
- the compressor 13 is connected to an oxygen supply port 27a of the fuel cell 11 via a pipe line 27. Compressed air (oxygen) is supplied from the compressor 13 to the fuel cell 11 through the pipe line 27.
- the compressor 13 includes an air cleaner (not shown), and the cleaned air is discharged to the pipe 27 in a compressed state.
- a fan 28 a that rotates by driving of the motor 28 is arranged.
- the heat medium passing through the radiator 14 is cooled by the rotation of the fan 28a.
- the heat medium flow path 15 connects the first part 15a, which connects the inlet of the heat exchanger 11a of the fuel cell 11 and the outlet of the radiator 14, the outlet of the heat exchanger 11a, and the heat exchanger 18 of each hydrogen storage tank 12.
- a second portion 15b connecting the inlet and the third portion 15c connecting the outlet of each heat exchanger 18 and the inlet of the radiator 14 is provided.
- a pump 29 is provided in the first portion 15a.
- a bypass portion 15d branched from the first portion 15a and connected to the second portion 15b is provided.
- First and second electromagnetic valves VI and V2 are respectively provided on the downstream side of the bypass portion 15d and the branch portion of the first portion 15a. The first and second electromagnetic valves VI and V2 are switched between a state in which the heat medium discharged from the pump 29 is supplied to the heat exchange unit 11a and a state in which the heat exchange unit 11a is bypassed.
- a bypass portion 15e branched from the second portion 15b and connected to the third portion 15c is provided upstream of the branch portion corresponding to the most upstream heat exchanger 18.
- the third and fourth electromagnetic valves V3, V4 as switching means are provided between the bypass portion 15e and the branch portion to the heat exchanger 18 and the branch portion to the bypass portion 15e in the second portion 15b.
- the third and fourth solenoid valves V3 and V4 switch between a state where the heat medium that has passed through the heat exchange section 11a or the bypass section 15d is supplied to each heat exchanger 18 and a state that bypasses each heat exchanger 18 It is done.
- the control device 30 includes a microcomputer (not shown).
- a temperature sensor 23 and each pressure sensor 26 are electrically connected to the input side of the control device 30.
- Compressor 13, pressure regulating valve 22, motor 28, pump 29, valve 21, and first to fourth solenoid valves VI, V2, V3, and V4 are electrically connected to the output side of control device 30, respectively.
- the compressor 13, the pressure regulating valve 22, the motor 28, the pump 29, the valve 21, and the first to fourth electromagnetic valves VI, V2, V3, and V4 are controlled based on a command signal from the control device 30.
- the control device 30 controls the first and second electromagnetic valves VI and V2 so that the heat medium is supplied to the heat exchange unit 11a of the fuel cell 11 when the fuel cell 11 is operated.
- the control device 30 detects the temperature of the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell 11 based on the detection signal from the temperature sensor 23. When the temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature, the heat medium after cooling the fuel cell 11 is each hydrogen
- the third and fourth solenoid valves V3 and V4 are controlled so as to be supplied to the heat exchanger 18 of the storage tank 12.
- the predetermined temperature is set to a temperature at which moisture present on the hydrogen reaction surface of the fuel cell 11 is frozen.
- the control device 30 detects the pressure in each hydrogen storage tank 12 based on the detection signal from each pressure sensor 26.
- the control device 30 controls to open the valve 21 corresponding to the hydrogen storage tank 12 when the pressure in the tank body 16 is equal to or higher than the first set pressure.
- the control device 30 allows the heat medium after cooling the fuel cell 11 to be supplied to each heat exchanger 18 when the pressure in the at least one hydrogen storage tank 12 is less than the first set pressure.
- the third and fourth solenoid valves V3 and V4 are controlled.
- control device 30 cooled the fuel cell 11 when the pressure in the at least one hydrogen storage tank 12 related to the detection signal from the temperature sensor 23 is the same as the plateau pressure of the hydrogen storage alloy MH.
- the third and fourth electromagnetic valves V3 and V4 are controlled so that the subsequent heat medium is supplied to each heat exchanger 18.
- the starting force normal operation is performed. Is called.
- hydrogen is supplied from each hydrogen storage tank 12 to the anode electrode of the fuel cell 11, and air is supplied from the compressor 13 to the power sword electrode of the fuel cell 11 while being pressurized to a predetermined pressure. .
- the control device 30 holds the first and second electromagnetic valves VI and V2 in a state in which the heat medium is supplied to the heat exchange unit 11a during the normal operation of the fuel cell 11. Based on the detection signal from the temperature sensor 23 and the detection signal from the pressure sensor 26, the third and fourth solenoid valves V3 and V4 are switched and controlled. When the pressure in each hydrogen storage tank 12 is less than the first set pressure, the control device 30 determines that the hydrogen storage alloy MH needs to be heated, and the heat medium after cooling the fuel cell 11 has each heat. Switch the 3rd and 4th solenoid valves V3 and V4 to the state where they are supplied to the exchanger 18.
- control device 30 determines that the heating of the hydrogen storage alloy MH is unnecessary when the pressures in all the hydrogen storage tanks 12 are equal to or higher than the second set pressure, and the heat medium is stored in each hydrogen storage tank 12. Switch the 3rd and 4th solenoid valves V3 and V4 to bypass the heat exchanger 18.
- the control device 30 detects the pressure in each hydrogen storage tank 12 based on the detection signal from each pressure sensor 26. The control device 30 determines that the hydrogen storage tank 12 whose pressure is equal to or higher than the first set pressure is filled with hydrogen, and opens the valve 21 corresponding to the hydrogen storage tank 21. On the other hand, if the pressure in all the hydrogen storage tanks 12 is less than the first set pressure even after the heating by the heat medium is continued for a predetermined time, the control device 30 fills each hydrogen storage tank 12 with hydrogen. When it is determined that it is necessary, the notification means (for example, a display unit such as a lamp) is driven.
- the notification means for example, a display unit such as a lamp
- each hydrogen storage tank 12 When each hydrogen storage tank 12 is filled with hydrogen, a dispenser of a hydrogen station is connected to a hydrogen filling port 24a. Then, each hydrogen storage tank 12 is filled with hydrogen due to a pressure difference between the hydrogen curdle of the hydrogen station and each hydrogen storage tank 12.
- the hydrogen storage alloy MH in each hydrogen storage tank 12 is accompanied by a heat generation reaction to store hydrogen, and therefore it is necessary to fill the hydrogen storage alloy MH while cooling it with a heat medium.
- the control device 30 generates heat when filling each hydrogen storage tank 12 with hydrogen.
- the first and second electromagnetic valves VI and V2 are switched so that the medium bypasses the heat exchange part 11a of the fuel cell 11 and is supplied to the second part 15b, and the heat medium flowing through the second part 15b Switch the 3rd and 4th electromagnetic valves V3, V4 to the state supplied to the heat exchanger 18 of the storage tank 12.
- the hydrogen storage alloy MH in each hydrogen storage tank 12 can be effectively cooled.
- the hydrogen storage reaction to the hydrogen storage alloy MH can be smoothly advanced.
- Each hydrogen storage tank 12 is fully filled with hydrogen storage alloy MH that is higher than the plateau pressure of the hydrogen storage alloy MH and higher than the equilibrium pressure of the hydrogen storage alloy MH corresponding to the temperature in each hydrogen storage tank 12.
- hydrogen filled in the space in each hydrogen storage tank 12 is supplied to the fuel cell 11.
- the pressure in each hydrogen storage tank 12 is equal to or higher than the pressure required to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell 11 (the first set pressure L).
- Each hydrogen storage tank 12 was not heated.
- the control device 30 allows the temperature of the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell 11 to be equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature even if the pressure in each hydrogen storage tank 12 is equal to or higher than the first set pressure.
- the third and fourth electromagnetic valves V3 and V4 are switched so that the heat medium after cooling the fuel cell 11 is supplied to each heat exchanger 18. Thereby, each hydrogen storage tank 12 is heated by the heat medium, so that the temperature of hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell 11 is prevented from becoming too low.
- each hydrogen storage tank 12 When the pressure in each hydrogen storage tank 12 is substantially the same as the plateau pressure of the hydrogen storage alloy MH, the control device 30 does not depend on the temperature of the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell 11, and the fuel cell 11 The third and fourth solenoid valves V3 and V4 are switched so that the heat medium after cooling is supplied to each heat exchanger 18. In this case, even if the heat medium continues to flow through each heat exchanger 18, the pressure in each hydrogen storage tank 12 does not rapidly increase.
- the control device 30 causes the heat medium after cooling the fuel cell 11 to exchange each heat in each hydrogen storage tank 12.
- the third and fourth solenoid valves V3 and V4 are controlled to be supplied to the vessel 18 This allows fuel
- the heat medium after cooling the battery 11 can be supplied to each heat exchanger 18 to heat each hydrogen storage tank 12. Therefore, the temperature of hydrogen supplied from each hydrogen storage tank 12 to the fuel cell 11 is prevented from becoming too low. Therefore, a decrease in power generation efficiency due to a decrease in the operating temperature of the fuel cell 11 can be suppressed, and freezing of moisture present on the hydrogen reaction surface and blockage of the hydrogen flow path can be prevented.
- the predetermined temperature is set to a temperature at which moisture present on the hydrogen reaction surface of the fuel cell 11 is frozen.
- the temperature of hydrogen supplied from each hydrogen storage tank 12 does not decrease to a temperature at which water present on the hydrogen reaction surface of the fuel cell 11 is frozen. Therefore, freezing of moisture on the hydrogen reaction surface is avoided, so that it is possible to prevent the fuel cell 11 from being unable to generate power without blocking the hydrogen flow path of the fuel cell 11.
- the control device 30 cools the fuel cell 11 regardless of the temperature of the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell 11.
- the third and fourth electromagnetic valves V3 and V4 are controlled so that the heat medium after being supplied is supplied to each heat exchanger 18. That is, hydrogen filled in the space of each hydrogen storage tank 12 at a high pressure at the time of filling is supplied to the fuel cell 11, and then the heat medium after cooling the fuel cell 11 is supplied to the heat exchanger 18. Controlled. Therefore, the control becomes easier compared to controlling the third and fourth electromagnetic valves V3 and V4 based on the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 23.
- the fuel cell 11 is supplied with hydrogen from each hydrogen storage tank 12 through a common pipe 20. Further, a temperature sensor 23 for detecting the temperature of hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell 11 is provided on the downstream side of the connecting portion 20a to each hydrogen storage tank 12 in the pipe 20. According to this configuration, the temperature of the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell 11 is detected because the temperature is detected at a position closer to the fuel cell 11 than when a temperature sensor is provided in each hydrogen storage tank 12. Can be detected with higher accuracy.
- a pressure regulating valve 22 that adjusts the pressure of hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell 11 is provided on the downstream side of the connecting portion 20 a with the hydrogen storage tank 12 in the pipe 20. According to this configuration, control can be easily performed as compared with the case where the pressure regulating valve 22 is provided in each hydrogen storage tank 12.
- each hydrogen storage tank 12 the pressure in each hydrogen storage tank 12 is detected with the vanolev 21 And a pressure sensor 26 is provided. According to this configuration, by closing only the valve 21 of the hydrogen storage tank 12 whose internal pressure is less than the first set pressure, even if the specific hydrogen storage tank 12 is nearly empty, there is no problem. Hydrogen can be supplied from the hydrogen storage tank 12 to the fuel cell 11.
- each hydrogen storage tank 12 In the state where each hydrogen storage tank 12 is fully filled with hydrogen, the hydrogen storage alloy MH occupies the tank body 16 and the hydrogen storage alloy MH occupies the hydrogen storage space. Hydrogen is filled at a pressure higher than the plateau pressure of the alloy MH and higher than the equilibrium pressure of the hydrogen storage alloy MH. Thereby, the hydrogen storage amount of the hydrogen storage tank 12 can be increased as compared with the hydrogen storage tank 12 filled with hydrogen at the plateau pressure of the hydrogen storage alloy MH.
- each hydrogen storage tank 12 a hydrogen filling port and a hydrogen outlet are provided at opposite ends 12 a and 12 b of the tank body 16, respectively.
- a heat medium inlet and outlet and a hydrogen outlet are provided at the same end 12 a of the tank body 16, respectively.
- the pipe 20 is connected to the end portion 12a on the hydrogen outlet side of each hydrogen storage tank 12 through a connecting portion 20a.
- Each connection portion 20a is provided with a pressure sensor 26 for detecting the pressure in each hydrogen storage tank 12.
- each hydrogen storage tank 12 of the first embodiment the heat medium supplied to the heat exchanger 18 heats the hydrogen storage alloy MH and then heats the vicinity of the hydrogen outlet of the end 12a.
- the heating medium power is deprived by the heating of the storage alloy MH, and the hydrogen gas in the vicinity of the hydrogen outlet at the end 12a may not be heated sufficiently.
- the vicinity of the hydrogen outlet of each hydrogen storage tank 12 is heated before the hydrogen storage alloy MH.
- the hydrogen gas in the vicinity of the hydrogen outlet can be sufficiently heated.
- each hydrogen storage tank 12 the hydrogen filling port and the hydrogen outlet are respectively provided at the opposite end portions 12a, 12b of the tank body 16, so that the diameter of the cap of each hydrogen storage tank 12 is reduced. Can be small.
- the heat medium flow path 15 is provided with a sixth portion 15f that connects the outlet of the heat exchanging portion 11a and the inlet of the radiator 14 instead of the second portion 15b shown in the first embodiment. .
- the inlet of the heat exchanger 18 of each hydrogen storage tank 12 is connected to a seventh portion 15g branched from the sixth portion 15f.
- an electromagnetic three-way valve 31 as a switching means is provided at each branch portion with respect to each seventh portion 15g.
- the outlet of the heat exchanger 18 of each hydrogen storage tank 12 is connected to an eighth portion 15h branched from the sixth portion 15f.
- Each electromagnetic three-way valve 31 is connected to the control device 30, and based on a command signal output from the control device 30, the heat medium flowing through the sixth portion 15f is supplied to the inlet of the heat exchanger 18 ( The first state) and the state where the heat medium is supplied to the sixth portion 15f downstream from the branching portion (second state) are switched.
- each electromagnetic three-way valve 31 sequentially supplies the heat medium after cooling the fuel cell 11 to each heat exchanger 18 and one or two selected heats.
- the heat exchanger is switched to one of the states in which the heat medium is supplied to the exchanger 18.
- Each hydrogen storage tank 12 is provided with a temperature sensor 23 for detecting the temperature of hydrogen filled in the tank body 16.
- the control device 30 selects the hydrogen storage tank 12 that needs to be heated if it exists.
- the control device 30 switches each electromagnetic three-way valve 31 so that the heat medium after cooling the fuel cell 11 is supplied to the heat exchanger 18 in the selected hydrogen storage tank 12.
- the hydrogen storage tank 12 that needs to be heated and the corresponding electromagnetic three-way valve 31 are held in the first state, and the hydrogen storage tank that does not require heating 12 And the corresponding electromagnetic three-way valve 31 is held in the second state.
- the control device 30 selects the hydrogen storage tank 12 that needs to be heated, and the heat medium after cooling the fuel cell 11 only in the heat exchanger 18 in the selected hydrogen storage tank 12
- Each electromagnetic three-way valve 31 is controlled so that is supplied.
- the hydrogen storage alloy MH and the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank 12 that require heating are efficiently heated, so that the temperature of the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell 11 is shorter than that in the above embodiments. It can be increased by time.
- the electromagnetic three-way valve 31 switches between passing through each hydrogen storage tank 12 or passing through only the selected hydrogen storage tank 12. It is done. In this case, based on the detection signals of the temperature sensor 23 and the pressure sensor 26 of each hydrogen storage tank 12, the movement path of the heat medium may be changed so that the state in each hydrogen storage tank 12 becomes an appropriate state. it can. Therefore, the hydrogen storage alloy MH in each hydrogen storage tank 12 can be appropriately and easily heated and cooled.
- the configuration of the heat exchanger 18 may be changed to the configuration shown in FIG.
- the heat medium pipe 18a that constitutes the heat exchanger 18 extends along the outside of the hydrogen storage unit 17, and is then passed through the hydrogen storage unit 17 from the vicinity of the hydrogen outlet. It is formed so as to fold back on the opposite side of the raw outlet, pass through the hydrogen storage unit 17, and again extend along the outside of the hydrogen storage unit 17.
- the configuration of the heat exchanger 18 may be changed to the configuration shown in FIG. As shown in FIG.
- a heat exchanger 3 2 for heating hydrogen filling the space in the tank body 16 is provided separately from the heat exchanger 18 for heating the hydrogen storage unit 17. Is provided.
- the heat medium flowing through the heat exchanger 32 is used only for heating the hydrogen, compared with the configuration of FIG. 4, the power S for heating the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank 12 efficiently can be achieved.
- the fuel cell 11 may be provided with a temperature sensor 23 that detects the temperature of hydrogen. Further, instead of the temperature sensor 23 as temperature detecting means, a configuration for detecting the temperature difference between the force sword electrode (air electrode) and the anode electrode (hydrogen electrode) of the fuel cell 11 may be adopted.
- the predetermined temperature for determining whether or not the heat medium after cooling the fuel cell 11 is supplied to the heat exchanger 18 is the hydrogen reaction surface of the fuel cell 11
- the temperature may be higher than the temperature at which the existing water is frozen (for example, 5 to 10 ° C.).
- each hydrogen A configuration may be adopted in which hydrogen is sequentially supplied from the storage tank 12.
- the time during which hydrogen is supplied from each hydrogen storage tank 12 is stored in the memory of the control device 30, and the hydrogen storage tank 12 supplied to the fuel cell 11 is stored every time the supply time elapses. Even if you switch sequentially.
- a valve may be provided for each branch pipe corresponding to each hydrogen storage tank 12 so that each hydrogen storage tank 12 is sequentially filled with hydrogen gas.
- the pressure when the hydrogen storage tank 12 is fully filled with hydrogen gas may be larger or smaller than 35 MPa.
- the pressure when the hydrogen storage tank 12 is a hybrid tank is preferably 5 MPa or more.
- the fuel cell 11 may be, for example, a phosphoric acid fuel cell or an alkaline fuel cell, and the heat medium may be a fluid such as water.
- the first to fourth electromagnetic valves VI, V2, V3, and V4 may be changed to electromagnetic three-way valves, respectively.
- the number of hydrogen storage tanks 12 is not limited to three, but may be two or less or four or more.
- the hydrogen storage alloy MH may be changed to a hydrogen storage material such as activated carbon fiber or single-walled carbon nanotube.
- the fuel cell system 10 may be mounted on, for example, a fuel cell system for a moving body other than a vehicle or a cogeneration system for home use instead of the fuel cell vehicle.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112005002944T DE112005002944B4 (de) | 2004-12-24 | 2005-12-22 | Brennstoffzellensystem |
| US11/659,897 US20080044704A1 (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2005-12-22 | Fuel Cell System |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004-374356 | 2004-12-24 | ||
| JP2004374356A JP5002126B2 (ja) | 2004-12-24 | 2004-12-24 | 燃料電池システム |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006068227A1 true WO2006068227A1 (ja) | 2006-06-29 |
Family
ID=36601824
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/023607 Ceased WO2006068227A1 (ja) | 2004-12-24 | 2005-12-22 | 燃料電池システム |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080044704A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5002126B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101010824A (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE112005002944B4 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006068227A1 (ja) |
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| JP2009087574A (ja) * | 2007-09-27 | 2009-04-23 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システムおよび燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
| CN117613297A (zh) * | 2023-11-29 | 2024-02-27 | 江苏兴邦能源科技有限公司 | 一种氢能两轮车用储氢罐热管理系统 |
| CN120701899A (zh) * | 2025-07-11 | 2025-09-26 | 华北电力大学 | 一种适用于小型固态储氢的热管理供氢系统及其方法 |
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| DE102006037054B4 (de) * | 2006-08-08 | 2009-06-10 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | System zur Erzeugung von Energie, Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Beladung eines aufladbaren Metallhydridspeicherelements |
| GB0818799D0 (en) | 2008-10-14 | 2008-11-19 | Agco Sa | Vehicle powered by hydrogen fuel cell and system for fuelling such vehicle |
| CN102142570A (zh) * | 2010-02-03 | 2011-08-03 | 扬光绿能股份有限公司 | 燃料电池系统 |
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| DE102013201128A1 (de) * | 2013-01-24 | 2014-07-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Hochtemperaturwärmeübertrager |
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| EP3325190A4 (en) | 2015-07-23 | 2019-08-14 | Hydrexia Pty Ltd | MG-BASED ALLOY FOR HYDROGEN STORAGE |
| JP6540575B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-30 | 2019-07-10 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
| JP6460059B2 (ja) * | 2016-07-15 | 2019-01-30 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 燃料電池システム |
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| JP6724833B2 (ja) | 2017-03-22 | 2020-07-15 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | 燃料電池及び温度調整方法 |
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| CN108327562B (zh) * | 2018-03-12 | 2023-09-05 | 金龙联合汽车工业(苏州)有限公司 | 氢燃料汽车加氢监控系统及其监控方法 |
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| EP3967609A1 (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2022-03-16 | Airbus Operations GmbH | Aircraft comprising a fuel cell and a dioxygen supply unit |
| JP7568225B2 (ja) | 2021-01-07 | 2024-10-16 | 清水建設株式会社 | 熱媒体供給システム及び熱媒体供給方法 |
| DE102021126153A1 (de) | 2021-10-08 | 2023-04-13 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Speichersystem |
| CN114278563B (zh) * | 2021-12-23 | 2024-01-19 | 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 | 一种燃料电池用氢气循环泵、氢气循环系统及其工作方法 |
| JP7842991B2 (ja) * | 2022-03-30 | 2026-04-09 | 清水建設株式会社 | 水素貯蔵システム、制御装置、および制御方法 |
| CN117212686B (zh) * | 2022-06-02 | 2025-08-29 | 中国石化工程建设有限公司 | 一种氢气自动储存释放的系统 |
| KR20240003393A (ko) | 2022-06-30 | 2024-01-09 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 수소 저장 시스템 및 그 차압 조절 방법 |
| CN116182064B (zh) * | 2023-03-09 | 2025-03-28 | 浙江大学 | 一种功热协同驱动的液氢增压加注系统 |
| CN117267610B (zh) * | 2023-09-18 | 2025-08-26 | 氢积电能源技术(苏州)有限公司 | 一种油冷式固态储氢热管理系统及其控制方法 |
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-
2005
- 2005-12-22 DE DE112005002944T patent/DE112005002944B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-12-22 US US11/659,897 patent/US20080044704A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-12-22 WO PCT/JP2005/023607 patent/WO2006068227A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2005-12-22 CN CNA2005800289580A patent/CN101010824A/zh active Pending
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| JP2009087574A (ja) * | 2007-09-27 | 2009-04-23 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システムおよび燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
| CN117613297A (zh) * | 2023-11-29 | 2024-02-27 | 江苏兴邦能源科技有限公司 | 一种氢能两轮车用储氢罐热管理系统 |
| CN117613297B (zh) * | 2023-11-29 | 2024-05-31 | 江苏兴邦能源科技有限公司 | 一种氢能两轮车用储氢罐热管理系统 |
| CN120701899A (zh) * | 2025-07-11 | 2025-09-26 | 华北电力大学 | 一种适用于小型固态储氢的热管理供氢系统及其方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112005002944T5 (de) | 2007-11-08 |
| CN101010824A (zh) | 2007-08-01 |
| DE112005002944B4 (de) | 2010-01-07 |
| JP2006179441A (ja) | 2006-07-06 |
| JP5002126B2 (ja) | 2012-08-15 |
| US20080044704A1 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
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