WO2006064589A1 - モータ用回転子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
モータ用回転子およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006064589A1 WO2006064589A1 PCT/JP2005/014683 JP2005014683W WO2006064589A1 WO 2006064589 A1 WO2006064589 A1 WO 2006064589A1 JP 2005014683 W JP2005014683 W JP 2005014683W WO 2006064589 A1 WO2006064589 A1 WO 2006064589A1
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- magnet
- magnetic
- soft magnetic
- powder
- rotor
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/2726—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of a single magnet or two or more axially juxtaposed single magnets
- H02K1/2733—Annular magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
- H02K15/02—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
- H02K15/03—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies having permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0273—Imparting anisotropy
- H01F41/028—Radial anisotropy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bonded magnet rotor for a motor integrated with a soft magnetic yoke for the purpose of achieving high efficiency such as a motor and a generator using a permanent magnet.
- the first method is a so-called surface permanent magnet (SPM) rotor in which permanent magnets are arranged on the surface of the magnetic pole as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) to 2 (c) and (f).
- the second method is an interior permanent magnet (IPM) rotor in which permanent magnets are arranged inside the rotor as shown in Figs. 2 (d) and 2 (e).
- the former SPM rotor is a type in which a permanent magnet placed on the rotor surface faces the stator with an air gap in between, and has the advantage that it is easier to design and manufacture than the latter IPM rotor.
- the latter IPM rotor has excellent structural reliability and is easy to obtain reluctance torque.
- the abduction-type magnet rotor shown in Fig. 2 (f) has a low risk of magnetite scattering, so it often has an SPM structure.
- an insulating laminated product of silicon steel sheet is conventionally manufactured by forging, forging, etc.
- an adhesive has conventionally been used. It is common to use.
- a protective ring 3 for structural reinforcement that can also be used, such as non-magnetic stainless steel or reinforced plastic fiber fiber, is used as a magnet. It is often wrapped around the outer peripheral surface of 101 to supplement the strength. In such a case, however, the effective air gap widens, making it difficult for the magnetic flux to reach the stator and lowering the motor output.
- metal protection rings such as stainless steel
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 listed as comparative examples in which a magnet and a soft magnetic yoke are integrally molded it is assumed that a structural reinforcement frame and a protective ring are used. It is clear that sufficient joint strength is obtained between the soft magnetic yokes. Also, in Patent Document 3, a wedge shape is provided on the ring magnet so that the magnet is prevented from coming off from the soft magnetic yoke due to the macro appearance of the magnet. Also in Patent Document 4, the magnet is formed into a ring shape.
- Isotropic magnets have a magnetic property that is about 20% lower than that of anisotropic magnets, but they have the advantage of being easy to manufacture because they do not require a magnetic field to be applied during compression molding of magnetic powder.
- An anisotropic magnet puts unmagnetized raw material powder with an easy magnetization axis into a mold and applies a strong magnetic field to this by an appropriate method to align the easy magnetization axis in a specific direction.
- magnet powder 6 is placed in a mold that is magnetically applied as shown in Fig. 4 (in the figure, arrow A indicates the pressing direction). Compression molding. As a result, the magnetized magnet powder 6 becomes a particle magnet having N and S magnetic poles in the direction of the easy magnetization axis, and is almost aligned in the direction of the external magnetic field like a magnetic needle. When compression molding is performed in this state, a green compact with easy magnetization axes is obtained.
- the anisotropic magnet is demagnetized in the last step of forming in a magnetic field by applying a reverse magnetic field or an alternating decay magnetic field.
- the green compact is premixed with a thermosetting resin, which is thermoset to form a bonded magnet.
- a magnet having the same easy axis is called an anisotropic magnet.
- An anisotropic magnet provides excellent magnetic properties only in the direction in which the easy axis of magnetization is aligned.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-95185
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-32931
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-326232
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-7-169633
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-052921
- rare-earth bonded magnets such as NdFeB require an orientation magnetic field strength of about 1600 kAZm.
- the above-mentioned magnetic field strength can be obtained when it is possible to run the coil many times spatially.
- a magnetic field of about 800 kAZm cannot be generated. Therefore, for magnets that require a high magnetic field of 1600 kAZm or more, a method of instantaneously (pulsingly) supplying a high-voltage large current charged in a capacitor is used.
- a forced air cooling or forced water cooling mechanism that generates a large amount of heat in the coil section to prevent insulation breakdown of the conductor due to heat generation in the coil section.
- FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a magnetic field forming device for radial orientation.
- Fig. 6 (a) is a cross-sectional view of the magnetic field forming apparatus in the quadrupole anisotropic orientation.
- the magnetic field force from the electromagnets arranged above and below is collected at the center of the yoke portion as indicated by the gray arrows, and spreads radially outward at the magnet position.
- the orientation magnetic field it is desirable that a sufficiently strong magnetic field is uniformly distributed in the magnet position.
- the orientation magnetic field strength in the vicinity of the upper and lower end surfaces is inferior to that in the vicinity of the center in the axial direction of the ring magnet, or that the radial direction component is disturbed in the vicinity of the upper and lower end surfaces of the magnet.
- an electromagnet is arranged as close as possible to the magnet to generate a strong magnetic field, and the magnetic path surrounding the electromagnet has as high a saturation flux density as possible. It is desirable to use a magnetic material having a relative magnetic permeability and to have a closed magnetic circuit. However, due to manufacturing constraints, both are often difficult to implement. For example, electromagnets must be arranged avoiding piping that feeds magnet powder, piping that cools coils, etc., and the electromagnet moves further away due to clearance with the press forming punch that is a movable part. It will be kept away.
- the mold magnetic circuit surrounding the electromagnet also has a configuration far from the closed magnetic circuit due to the necessity of a magnet extraction opening.
- mechanical strength must be given priority over magnetic properties so that the die material can withstand the high pressure force during compression molding.
- the magnetic saturation of the mold magnetic path is a limitation, and a desired magnetic field may not be obtained even when a large current is passed.
- the smaller the inner diameter of the magnet the more limited the magnetic saturation at the tip of the yoke, so that a sufficient orientation magnetic field cannot be obtained, and orientation in the desired direction becomes difficult.
- NS magnetization to a desired number of poles can be performed with a magnetizing apparatus having a structure similar to that of the molding apparatus in FIG. 6 (a).
- a magnetizing apparatus having a structure similar to that of the molding apparatus in FIG. 6 (a).
- the coil corresponding to the desired number of poles (4 poles in Fig. 6) was wound.
- Figure 6 (a) and A magnetic field is applied as shown by a gray arrow using an electromagnet having a similar configuration.
- arrow B indicates the magnetic field direction
- arrow C indicates the magnetization direction
- the molded body has four magnetic poles magnetized in the radial direction.
- the molded product can be formed with four magnetic poles magnetized in the polar direction: radial oriented magnet and polar anisotropic oriented magnet
- the magnetization pattern is different because it is magnetized following the orientation direction of the molded body.
- the present invention provides a surface magnet type rotor and an internal magnet type rotor that have high strength and safety even in high-speed rotation applications in which the bonding strength between the bonded magnet portion and the soft magnetic yoke portion is high. It aims at providing the manufacturing method.
- the present invention can easily perform stable orientation with little disturbance regardless of the number of poles, dimensions and shape of the magnet, and magnetization, and the magnetic pole can be formed only by radial (radial) or polar anisotropic 1
- a first invention of the present application includes a bonded magnet portion made of a magnetic powder containing a binder and a soft magnetic yoke portion made of a soft magnetic powder containing a binder, and the magnet powder and the soft magnetic powder are The bonded magnet part and soft magnetic yoke part are compressed in a body while meshing with each other on the joint surface.
- the present invention relates to a bonded magnet rotor for a motor integrated with a soft magnetic yoke.
- a mixture of ferrite magnets or rare earth magnets and thermosetting resin, and high permeability soft magnetic materials such as atomized iron powder, Fe-Co alloy powder, nanocrystal powder and thermosetting resin is provided with a rotor for a motor in which a bonded magnet and a soft magnetic yoke are made into a single body by subjecting the product to a hardening treatment at 250 ° C. or lower after being integrally molded with pressure.
- a configuration in which the bonded magnet portion and / or the soft magnetic yoke portion are formed at a plurality of portions can be employed.
- an isotropic and / or anisotropic rare earth bonded magnet for the bonded magnet section. In order to obtain high magnetic properties, it is more desirable to use an anisotropic bonded magnet.
- the present invention is not limited to a rotary motor, and can be applied to general magnetic circuit components using both a magnet and a soft magnetic yoke, such as a linear actuator, a magnetic sensor, and a speaker.
- a magnetic circuit can be formed by using a nonmagnetic compound in which a binder is mixed with a nonmagnetic powder such as Cu for a part or all of the soft magnetic part.
- the present invention has an anisotropic bonded magnet portion mainly composed of magnetic powder and binder having magnetic anisotropy, and a soft magnetic portion mainly composed of soft magnetic powder and binder. And a rotor for a motor that is formed into a substantially cylindrical shape by compression molding means so that magnetic poles having different polarities are alternately generated on the magnetically acting surface portion of the anisotropic bonded magnet portion having a substantially parallel orientation. It is preferable to form in conjunction with.
- a magnet unit configured to form one magnetic pole by combining a plurality of permanent magnets oriented in parallel magnetic fields is connected so that magnetic poles having different polarities are alternately generated on the magnetic action surface portion.
- a magnet unit having a magnetic pole formed by joining a pair of permanent magnets so that their magnetic directions are symmetric with respect to the joint surface is provided on the magnetic action surface portion. It is preferable that anisotropic permanent magnets are formed so as to form poles, and the magnetization direction of the permanent magnets is a direction having an inclination angle with respect to the radial direction passing through the joint surface.
- the inclination angle is preferably 5 ° to 35 °, more preferably 20 ° ⁇ 10 °.
- the magnetic powder has an average particle size of 50 to 200 ⁇ m, and the soft magnetic powder has an average particle size of 1 to 1. What is 00 m is preferable. By changing the particle size from each other, the bonding strength between the bonded magnet portion and the soft magnetic portion increases, and a rotor that can suppress voids and cracks can be manufactured.
- a more preferable magnet powder has an average particle size of 80 to 150 ⁇ m, and a more preferable soft magnetic powder has an average particle size of 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the magnet powder is preferably an anisotropic R-Fe-B magnet powder or Sm-Fe-N magnet powder.
- the magnet powder is preferably an anisotropic R-Fe-B magnet powder or Sm-Fe-N magnet powder.
- the residual magnetic flux density Br is less than 0.4 T as in a ferrite-based bonded magnet, it is not possible to obtain a necessary and sufficient torque as a motor. Therefore, it is more desirable to use rare earth bonded magnets with Br ⁇ 0.8T and coercive force Hcj ⁇ 600kAZm.
- the soft magnetic powder uses atomized iron powder, Fe-Co iron powder, Fe-based nanocrystalline magnetic powder, etc., and the electrical conductivity is 20 kSZm or less, the magnetic properties are saturation magnetic flux density Bm ⁇ l. It is desirable to set the magnetic force Hc ⁇ 800AZm.
- the electrical conductivity is less than 20 kSZm, the eddy current loss can be reduced in substantially the same manner as an insulating laminated product such as a silicon steel plate, which is used as a soft magnetic yoke in the conventional bonding method.
- Bm is low, the necessary and sufficient magnetic flux cannot be obtained, and the yoke must be extremely enlarged.
- a rare earth bonded magnet with Br ⁇ 0.8T is used as in the present invention, this problem becomes apparent.
- He is too high, the hysteresis loss during motor rotation becomes significant and the motor efficiency drops significantly.
- Patent Document 1 the material has high fluidity due to its manufacturing method. Therefore, magnet materials must be mixed with soft magnetic materials and a large amount of grease. For this reason, the mass% of soft magnetic materials is about 60%, and although it has the advantage of being lightweight, only low magnetic properties can be obtained. On the other hand, since the present invention is compression molding, the mass% of the soft magnetic material can be increased to about 98%, and there is a feature that higher magnetic properties can be obtained.
- the soft magnetic powder it is also preferable to coat the soft magnetic powder with an insulating film. Alternatively, it is also preferable to form an insulating coating on the rare earth magnet powder. By applying an insulating coating, the electrical resistance increases and eddy current loss during motor rotation can be reduced.
- a raw material for forming a magnet rotor which is an integral body of a bond magnet and a soft magnetic yoke
- magnet powder and Add a resin binder to the soft magnetic powder.
- the binder it is desirable to contain a thermosetting resin in an amount of 1 to 5% by mass for a magnetic powder compound and 0.1 to 3% by mass for a soft magnetic powder compound.
- the binder is preferably a thermosetting resin.
- epoxy resin, phenol resin, urea resin, melamine resin, polyester resin and the like can be used as appropriate.
- the content with respect to the magnet powder mass is preferably 0.1 to 5 mass%, more preferably 1.0 to 4 mass%.
- the content of the soft magnetic powder is preferably 0.1 to 3% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 2% by mass. If the binder content is too low, the mechanical strength is significantly reduced, and if the binder content is too high, the magnetic properties are significantly reduced.
- a soft magnetic powder and a binder, or magnet powder (particularly, rare earth magnet powder) and a binder are mixed to form a compound.
- This compound may contain an antioxidant and a lubricant.
- Antioxidants contribute to preventing the magnetic powder from being deteriorated by preventing the magnetic powder from being oxidized. Further, it contributes to the improvement of thermal stability during compound kneading and molding, and good moldability can be maintained with a small amount of binder added.
- the antioxidant known ones can be used.
- metal ions such as tocopherol, amine compound, amino acid compound, nitrocarboxylic acid, hydrazine compound, cyanide compound, sulfide, etc., particularly Fe component
- chelating agents that form chelate compounds can be used.
- the lubricant improves the fluidity during the kneading and molding of the compound, the same characteristics can be obtained with a smaller amount of binder added.
- known ones can be used.
- stearic acid or a metal salt thereof, fatty acid, silicone oil, various waxes, fatty acid and the like can be used.
- additives such as stabilizers and molding aids may be added.
- the compound is mixed using a mixer or stirrer.
- the second invention of the present application is a method of manufacturing a magnetic circuit component comprising an anisotropic bonded magnet part and a soft magnetic part, wherein the anisotropic bonded magnet part mainly comprises a binder and magnet powder. It is pre-molded in a magnetic field using a magnetic powder compound, and then formed into a single body with a soft magnetic powder compound mainly composed of soft magnetic powder in the absence of a magnetic field, followed by thermosetting. This is a method for manufacturing a magnetic circuit component.
- the third invention of the present application is to preform a magnet powder containing a binder to produce a preform,
- the preform and the soft magnetic powder containing the binder are loaded into the cavity, and the preform and the soft magnetic powder are higher than the preforming pressure in a direction parallel to the boundary surface formed by mutual contact.
- a method for manufacturing a magnetic circuit component comprising compression molding at a molding pressure.
- a soft magnetic powder containing a binder is preformed to prepare a preform, and the preform and a magnet powder containing a binder are loaded into a cavity,
- a method for manufacturing a magnetic circuit component wherein the molded body and the magnet powder are compression-molded at a molding pressure higher than a pre-molding pressure in a direction parallel to a boundary surface formed by mutual contact.
- FIG. 7 (in the figure, I is a magnet pre-molding process, II is a preform assembly process, III is an integral molding process, IV shows the thermosetting process, V shows the magnetizing process, (i) shows the pre-forming in the magnetic field, (ii) shows the main forming in the non-magnetic field, (iii) shows the top view, and (iv) Will be described in detail using side views).
- a magnetic powder compound mainly composed of a binder and a magnetic powder having an average particle diameter of 50 to 200 m is filled in a compression molding apparatus dedicated to magnet preforming and preformed at a molding pressure of 200 to 400 MPa. The reason for lowering the molding pressure in the preliminary molding is to increase the adhesion between the magnet powder and the soft magnetic powder during the main molding. If the bonded magnet is anisotropic, preforming is performed while applying a magnetic field with an electromagnet or the like.
- a plurality of bonded magnet preforms are assembled into the cylindrical cavity, and the average particle size of the binder, atomized iron powder, Fe-Co alloy powder, nanocrystal powder, etc. is 1 to: L00 Soft magnetic powder compound mainly composed of ⁇ m high permeability soft magnetic material powder is fed, and the bond magnet part and soft magnetic yoke part are simultaneously higher than the pre-forming pressure 600 ⁇ : Integrated with molding pressure of LOOOMPa The main molding is performed. The reason for lowering the molding pressure in the preliminary molding is to increase the adhesion between the magnet powder and the soft magnetic powder during the main molding.
- the preform formed in the cavity and the magnet powder or soft magnetic powder supplied into the cavity later are applied at a molding pressure higher than the preforming pressure in a direction parallel to the boundary surface formed by mutual contact. When pressed, both are compressed at the same time, reducing the area of the interface. At this time, the particles constituting the preform and the particles supplied into the cavity afterward enter the mating region on the boundary surface.
- the boundary surface becomes a shape having irregularities in its cross section. This unevenness provides sufficient mechanical coupling at the interface.
- the mechanical bond strength increases as the unevenness of the interface increases.
- the soft magnetic yoke portion may be preformed at a low pressure in advance, and the preforms of the bond magnet and the soft magnetic yoke may be combined in the cavity to perform the main molding.
- a bonding material or an adhesive may be applied in advance to the joint surface of the preform.
- the bonding material and the adhesive are melted and penetrate into the bonded magnet portion and the soft magnetic yoke portion to strengthen the joint surface.
- the upper and lower punches for the bond magnet part and the soft magnetic yoke part can be moved separately, it becomes possible to pressurize simultaneously without breaking the shape of the punch contact surface of the preform. . After integral molding, cure at 250 ° C or less, and after applying surface treatment such as epoxy resin coating if necessary, press-fit or adhesively fix the rotating shaft.
- the magnetic pole part is magnetized to form a magnet rotor.
- a motor rotating shaft 13 having a flat surface 16 can be set in advance in the main molding cavity, and the motor rotating shaft and the magnet rotor can be integrated together.
- the motor shaft length is long, a plurality of magnet rotors can be stacked and used. Furthermore, it is easy to provide a skew angle by stacking while shifting the magnetic pole pitch.
- the shear stress is always stable and becomes lOMPa or more, and further 15 MPa or more.
- rotational torque is generated in the rotor.
- shear stress is mainly applied to the bonding interface between the bonded magnet portion and the soft magnetic yoke portion.
- the joint interface formed according to the present invention has a high strength that is almost equivalent to both shear stress and tensile stress.
- the shear strength of the joint interface is used as an index of the joint strength. It was.
- Fig. 11 (a) (in Fig. 11 (a), i represents the shear strength of the interface between the isotropic bonded magnet and the soft magnetic yoke). From FIG. 11 (a), it can be seen that the lower the preforming pressure of the isotropic bonded magnet, the higher the shear strength of the joint surface 110 after being integrally formed with the soft magnetic powder. If the preforming pressure is 200 MPa or less, the shape of the preform cannot be maintained, and the productivity is significantly reduced. Since the residual magnetic flux density of the magnet is isotropic, there is no correlation with the preforming pressure.
- Fig. 11 (b) shows the correlation between the pressure and the shear strength of the bond interface, and the residual magnetic flux density of the magnet section (in Fig. 11 (b), ii represents the shear strength of the bonded surface of the anisotropic bonded magnet and the soft magnetic yoke). And iii represent Br (%) of the anisotropic bonded magnet, respectively).
- the pre-forming pressure is low because no magnetic field is applied during the integral molding process!
- the preforming pressure is preferably in the range of 250 to 500 MPa from the viewpoint of achieving both the magnetic properties of the magnet and the bonding force.
- the power of 300-400MPa is even more desirable!
- Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 show photographs of the joint surface appearance of the cross section in the pressing direction of the integrally molded product obtained after the main molding when the preforming pressure is changed.
- Fig. 13 shows a further enlargement of the joint surface in Fig. 12.
- the vertical direction in the photograph is the pressing direction during molding.
- both the isotropic bond magnet and the anisotropic bond magnet have a larger amount of unevenness at the joint interface as the preforming pressure is lower.
- Pre-forming pressure and main forming pressure Are the same, there is almost no unevenness at the bonding interface.
- a strong bonding force of 15 MPa or more is achieved by creating a state in which the magnet powder and soft magnetic powder mesh with each other in the vicinity of the interface with an unevenness amount of about 50 to LOO m. You can see how they are getting.
- the magnets can be oriented one unit at a time in a sufficient magnetic field in the preforming step, so that stable orientation and magnetization can be easily performed regardless of the number and size of the magnets. It becomes ability. That is, as a method for manufacturing a magnetic circuit component that also has an anisotropic bonded magnet part and a soft magnetic yoke part force, the anisotropic bonded magnet part mainly comprises a binder and a magnet powder having an average particle size of 50 to 200 ⁇ m. Pre-molded in a magnetic field using a magnetic powder compound, and then integrated with a soft magnetic powder compound mainly composed of soft magnetic powder having an average particle size of 1 to 100 m in the absence of a magnetic field.
- a production method characterized by being formed and thermally cured can be adopted.
- the metal mold for the main molding is made of carbide or other material that emphasizes mechanical strength characteristics rather than magnetic characteristics so that it can withstand high pressures of 500 to 1000 MPa, and has a thickness that is more than a certain degree. There is a need to. For this reason, it becomes difficult to transmit the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet to the magnet forming part without waste.
- a steel material with high saturation magnetic flux density and high relative permeability that emphasizes magnetic properties can be used for the mold material, and furthermore, a thin wall can be used, so the distribution is uniform.
- an orientation magnetic field with high strength can be generated in the magnet molding part. For example, when a radially anisotropic ring magnet is oriented, a magnet with a higher degree of orientation and less magnetic variation can be obtained by orienting with a preforming mold.
- the pre-forming press of about 300 MPa is more compact than the main forming press, and the material of the press can be selected with more emphasis on magnetic properties.
- a closed magnetic circuit connected by a back yoke can be configured, and the electromagnet can be placed near the magnet powder.
- Fig. 8 (b) in the figure, arrow B indicates the direction of the magnetic field
- the magnet's magnetic axis is made easier by tilting the magnet that compresses the magnet against a uniform parallel magnetic field. It can be aligned in any direction.
- Fig. 8 (c) in the figure, arrow B indicates the direction of the magnetic field
- the magnetic easy axis can be bent by devising the shape of the yoke tip and the arrangement of the electromagnet.
- it is possible to control a more complicated orientation magnetic field by making a complicated magnetic path in a mold for preforming a magnet, or by making a permanent magnet function as a secondary magnetic path.
- 500 to: The density when compression molding at a high pressure of LOOOMPa is an example.
- R- Fe- 5. In the bonded magnet portion of the B system 5 ⁇ 6. 5MgZm 3, R- Fe- 5. 3 ⁇ 6 with a bond magnetic Ishibe the N system. 2MgZm is 3, bonding the soft magnetic portions of Fe powder If it is 6.0-6.8Mg / m (?
- a rotor in which many permanent magnets having complicated shapes and orientations as shown in Fig. 1 are installed cannot be manufactured by the prior art as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, but the manufacturing method of the present invention is used. Can be manufactured.
- a magnet unit comprising a pair of permanent magnets 1A, 1B so that their magnetic directions are axisymmetric with respect to each other's joint surface 100 constitutes a magnetic pole.
- anisotropic magnets are formed in such a way that magnetic poles of different polarities are alternately generated, high characteristics are expected. In other words, the generated magnetic field can be efficiently concentrated at the center position of the magnetic pole as compared with the structure in which one magnetic pole is formed by a single magnet as shown in FIG.
- the angle ⁇ in Fig. 9, that is, the inclination angle with respect to the radial direction of the joint surface is preferably 5 to 35 °. In particular, a range of 20 ° ⁇ 10 ° is more preferable.
- the induced voltage is normalized in a comparative example (conventional method: Fig. 3).
- the present invention integrally forms a rotor with a bonded magnet powder containing a binder such as a resin binder and a soft magnetic powder, so that the bonding strength between the bonded magnet portion and the soft magnetic yoke portion is increased. Therefore, it is possible to provide a magnet rotor with high structural reliability even in high-speed applications.
- the compression molding manufacturing process is divided into low-pressure pre-forming and high-pressure main forming, and the magnet's easy axis is aligned in a sufficient magnetic field in the pre-forming process. Regardless of the number of poles and dimensions of the rotor, it is possible to obtain a magnet rotor that has a stable magnetic pitch and a small magnetic canopy.
- Example 1 the effect of eliminating the protective ring was investigated by taking advantage of the high bonding strength between the bonded magnet portion and the soft magnetic yoke portion, which is a feature of the manufacturing method of the present invention.
- a guard ring is essential as shown in Fig. 3.
- the manufacturing method of the present invention when used, the rare earth bonded magnet portion and the soft magnetic yoke portion made of soft magnetic powder can be firmly integrated, so that a protective ring is not required, which is more than that of Comparative Example 1.
- the magnetic flux of the magnet can be used effectively. It is also possible to avoid a decrease in output due to eddy current loss in the protection ring in the high frequency range. Furthermore, since no bonding or assembly process is required, it can be manufactured at a lower cost than in the past.
- epoxy resin is 3% by mass with respect to magnet powder and 1. with respect to soft magnetic powder.
- the outer diameter of the rotor is 50 mm, the thickness in the magnetization direction of the bond magnet part 1 is 10 mm, and the length in the direction of the rotation axis is 20 mm.
- a 0.3 mm thick Ti-based protective ring was used.
- Table 1 is a table showing the relationship between the induced voltage of the motor and the rotational speed for both rotors.
- the voltage is 100% of the value of lOOOrpm (number of revolutions per minute) of Comparative Example 1
- the induced voltage at lOOOOrpm is that the effective air gap can be narrowed by the absence of the protective ring in Example 1, although the residual magnetic flux density (Br) of the magnet is 30% lower than that in Comparative Example 1.
- the induced voltage drop is only 4%.
- the induced voltage increases almost in proportion to the number of revolutions.
- Comparative Example 1 the eddy current loss in the protective ring portion becomes more noticeable and the generated linear voltage decreases as the speed increases.
- up to 20,000 rpm An induced voltage almost proportional to the rotational speed is obtained.
- Example 1 did not cause problems such as magnet breakage or bond peeling between the magnet part and the soft magnetic part.
- the safety factor of about 20,000 rpm was satisfied about 5 times.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a permanent magnet rotor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- one magnetic pole is composed of two magnets 1A and 1B, a yoke 2 made of a soft magnetic material, and a shaft 13.
- the production method of the present invention makes it possible to install a large number of permanent magnets having such complicated shapes and orientations.
- the magnets are joined so that the magnetic field direction is symmetrical with respect to the joining surface (dashed line connecting N and S in the figure), it occurs at the center of the magnetic pole indicated by N in the figure.
- the magnetic field can be concentrated efficiently, and high magnetic properties can be obtained compared to a structure in which one magnetic pole is composed of a single magnet as shown in Fig. 2.
- the concentration of the generated magnetic field is related to the inclination angle of the magnetic field.
- the magnet material and dimensions are the same as in Example 1.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the induced voltage and the tilt angle for Example 2.
- the induced voltage was specified with the value at lOOOrpm as the value of Comparative Example 1 as 100%. From Fig. 9, it can be seen that by adopting the structure shown in Fig. 1, motor characteristics higher than those of Comparative Example 1 using the conventional segment bonding method can be obtained. It can be seen from FIG. 9 that in order to improve the voltage, a tilt angle of 5 to 35 ° is preferable, and a range of 20 ° ⁇ 10 ° is particularly preferable. Also in Example 2, a generated voltage almost proportional to the number of revolutions can be obtained up to 20,000 rpm, and it can be seen from Table 1 that the structure is more advantageous at high speeds.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a permanent magnet rotor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the magnet having a large thickness in the magnetic field direction is difficult to be oriented or multipolar.
- the magnet pole Stable orientation and magnetization can be easily performed regardless of the number and size.
- one pole can be composed of three magnets 1A ⁇ : LC force, and the generated magnetic field can be concentrated efficiently at the magnetic pole center position.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a permanent magnet rotor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 16 (a) shows the difference between the four poles integrated with the soft magnetic yoke by combining the magnets with the magnetic axis easy bent using the magnetic field orientation device shown in Fig. 8 (c). This is an example of isotropic magnetization.
- Fig. 16 (b) shows an example of 12 poles of a magnetic pole concentration type in which one magnetic pole has two magnets 1A and IB force. In this way, a multi-pole magnet rotor can be easily realized by combining a plurality of preformed magnets with soft magnetic powder and integrating them together.
- FIG. 16 (a) shows the difference between the four poles integrated with the soft magnetic yoke by combining the magnets with the magnetic axis easy bent using the magnetic field orientation device shown in Fig. 8 (c). This is an example of isotropic magnetization.
- Fig. 16 (b) shows an example of 12 poles
- FIG. 16 (c) shows an embodiment in which a nonmagnetic compound is sandwiched between magnets and integrated with a soft magnetic yoke.
- FIG. 16 (d) shows an embodiment in which the thickness of the magnet in the magnetic field direction is changed along the circumferential direction.
- FIGS. 16 (e) and 16 (f) show an example of a magnet embedded type. As described above, according to the present invention, a rotor having a complicated magnet shape and magnetic direction can be easily realized.
- a bonded magnet rotor for a motor integrated with a soft magnetic yoke is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a surface magnet permanent magnet rotor (a) and a reluctance effect combined surface magnet permanent magnet rotor (b) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a conventional permanent magnet rotor system.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a surface magnet type permanent magnet rotor of a comparative example.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the principle of forming in a magnetic field.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional method for manufacturing a radial anisotropic orientation type ring magnet.
- FIG.6 Schematic cross-sectional view of polar anisotropic ring magnet magnetization method in conventional method (a), magnetization of radial anisotropic ring magnet (b), and polar anisotropic ring magnet It is a schematic cross section showing the principle of magnetization (c).
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a rotor manufacturing method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a magnetic field application method during preforming in the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a voltage-one-magnetization tilt angle showing a measurement result of an induced voltage according to another example of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a permanent magnet rotor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the pre-forming pressure of the magnet in the present invention and the shear strength after integral molding with soft magnetic powder.
- FIG. 12 is a view showing an appearance photograph of a pressure-direction bonded surface after integral molding with a magnet pre-forming pressure and soft magnetic powder in the present invention.
- FIG. 13 An enlarged view of the photograph of FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the definition of the unevenness of the joint surface.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the pre-forming pressure of the magnet in the present invention, the shear strength after integral molding with soft magnetic powder, and the unevenness of the joint surface.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a permanent magnet rotor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an integral part of a motor rotating shaft according to another embodiment of the present invention.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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JP2008282909A (ja) * | 2007-05-09 | 2008-11-20 | Tdk Corp | リング状磁石の製造方法 |
GB2468019A (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2010-08-25 | Isis Innovation | A permanent magnet electrical machine with wound stator bars |
CN102163482A (zh) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-08-24 | 瑞科稀土冶金及功能材料国家工程研究中心有限公司 | 一种多级聚合v型取向磁环的成型制备方法 |
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WO2019219984A3 (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2020-03-05 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S | Manufacturing a sintered flux focusing permanent magnet with an apparatus having asymmetrically formed magnetic devices |
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EP4340180A1 (de) * | 2022-09-16 | 2024-03-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Permanenterregte dynamoelektrische maschine, verfahren zur simulation, computersystem, computerprogrammprodukt |
WO2024127713A1 (ja) * | 2022-12-14 | 2024-06-20 | 株式会社レゾナック | 永久磁石の製造装置 |
EP4439933A1 (de) * | 2023-03-29 | 2024-10-02 | Wirthwein SE | Rotor |
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Cited By (11)
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JP2008282909A (ja) * | 2007-05-09 | 2008-11-20 | Tdk Corp | リング状磁石の製造方法 |
GB2468019A (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2010-08-25 | Isis Innovation | A permanent magnet electrical machine with wound stator bars |
GB2468019B (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2014-06-11 | Isis Innovation | Electric machine - flux |
CN102163482A (zh) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-08-24 | 瑞科稀土冶金及功能材料国家工程研究中心有限公司 | 一种多级聚合v型取向磁环的成型制备方法 |
CN106849430A (zh) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-06-13 | 中能投资国际控股有限公司 | 电机用转子、电动机、发电机及电机用转子的制造方法 |
WO2019219984A3 (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2020-03-05 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S | Manufacturing a sintered flux focusing permanent magnet with an apparatus having asymmetrically formed magnetic devices |
CN112989643A (zh) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-06-18 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 永磁磁路设计方法 |
EP4340180A1 (de) * | 2022-09-16 | 2024-03-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Permanenterregte dynamoelektrische maschine, verfahren zur simulation, computersystem, computerprogrammprodukt |
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EP4439933A1 (de) * | 2023-03-29 | 2024-10-02 | Wirthwein SE | Rotor |
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CN101080862A (zh) | 2007-11-28 |
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