WO2006041176A1 - 分極反転構造の製造方法および分極反転構造 - Google Patents
分極反転構造の製造方法および分極反転構造Info
- Publication number
- WO2006041176A1 WO2006041176A1 PCT/JP2005/018993 JP2005018993W WO2006041176A1 WO 2006041176 A1 WO2006041176 A1 WO 2006041176A1 JP 2005018993 W JP2005018993 W JP 2005018993W WO 2006041176 A1 WO2006041176 A1 WO 2006041176A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- substrate
- low resistance
- polarization reversal
- comb
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/355—Non-linear optics characterised by the materials used
- G02F1/3558—Poled materials, e.g. with periodic poling; Fabrication of domain inverted structures, e.g. for quasi-phase-matching [QPM]
Definitions
- Patent application title Method for manufacturing domain-inverted structure and domain-inverted structure
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a domain-inverted part by a voltage application method.
- the second harmonic (S HG: S eco) nd -H a rmo nic (G eneration) can be generated. Since any crystal such as lithium niobate and lithium tantalate can be easily made into an optical waveguide, it is possible to realize a high-efficiency and small second harmonic generation device.
- This device can generate light with wavelengths from ultraviolet to visible and infrared, as long as it has an excitation laser called fundamental light, and has a wide range of applications such as medical, photochemical, and various optical measurements. Is possible.
- the substrate surface is inclined by 3 ° with respect to the polarization axis of the ferroelectric crystal, and the comb electrode and the rod electrode are formed on the surface of the substrate.
- Several low electric resistance portions are formed between the tip of each electrode piece and the rod-shaped electrode.
- a DC voltage is applied between the comb-shaped electrode and the rod-shaped electrode, a polarization reversal portion is formed corresponding to the electrode piece of the comb-shaped electrode, and a polarization reversal portion corresponding to each low electric resistance portion. (Fig. 28). Disclosure of the invention
- the width of the inversion part was different between the most advanced part and the root part of the comb electrode. That is, the width of the inversion part tends to be widened at the tip of the comb-shaped electrode, and the electric field is weakened at the base part, so that the width of the inversion part tends to be narrowed.
- the width of the polarization reversal part is constant.
- the periodic domain-inverted structure is usually formed on a substrate in which the polarization axis of the ferroelectric crystal constituting the substrate is inclined with respect to the substrate surface, such as a 5-degree off-cut substrate. Therefore, if the width of each domain-inverted portion is changed on the substrate surface, the width of the domain-inverted portion should change in the depth direction inside the substrate. Such a variation in the width of the domain-inverted portion degrades the high-frequency modulation characteristics.
- An object of the present invention is to reduce the crack-like damage of the wafer due to dielectric breakdown near the tip of the comb-shaped electrode when manufacturing the domain-inverted part by a so-called voltage application method, and to reduce the variation in the width of each domain-inverted part. Is to make it smaller.
- the present invention provides a domain-inverted structure by a voltage application method using a comb-shaped electrode having a plurality of electrode portions and a power feeding portion provided on one surface of a single-domain ferroelectric single crystal substrate.
- Each electrode part corresponds to each polarization inversion part of the domain-inverted structure, and the electrode parts are arranged in a direction intersecting the longitudinal direction of the electrode part, and are arranged in a plurality of rows of low resistance pieces separated from each other It is characterized by having.
- each electrode part includes a plurality of rows of low resistance pieces arranged in a direction intersecting with the longitudinal direction of the electrode part and spaced apart from each other.
- each electrode portion of the comb-shaped electrode has a one-to-one correspondence with each inversion portion of the domain-inverted structure, and therefore there is a gap between adjacent electrode portions.
- the electrode pieces were separated in the width direction of the electrode part, and a plurality of rows of low resistance pieces were provided. This makes it possible to alleviate the concentration of electric charges on the tip of the comb-shaped electrode, confirming the operational effect that it is easy to obtain a uniform polarization inversion shape without damaging the substrate, The present invention has been reached. Brief Description of Drawings ⁇
- FIG. 1 is a plan view schematically showing the pattern of the comb electrode 3 and the counter electrode 1 used in an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged photograph of the comb electrode shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a pattern example of the low resistance piece array portion 10.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a pattern example of the low resistance piece arrangement portion 17 according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view for explaining the voltage application method.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a pattern of a periodically poled structure obtained by the method of the present invention.
- Fig. 7 is a plan view showing the pattern of the periodically poled structure obtained by the method of the comparative example, and the width of the domain-inverted part changes significantly.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view showing the pattern of the periodically poled structure obtained by the method of the north comparative example, and black cracks are generated along the tip edge of the electrode.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the pattern of the periodically poled structure obtained by the method of the comparative example, where there is a large variation in the length and width of the domain-inverted portion.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a pattern of electrodes provided on a substrate.
- Fig. 2 is a photograph showing the planar pattern of the electrode portion of the comb-shaped electrode shown in Fig. 1
- Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the tip portion of each electrode portion
- Fig. 5 is a voltage application method. It is a perspective view which shows the application method.
- an off-force substrate made of a ferroelectric single crystal is used as the substrate 8. Since the polarization direction A of the ferroelectric single crystal is inclined at a predetermined angle, for example, 5 °, with respect to the surface 8a and the back surface 8b, the substrate 8 is called an off-force substrate.
- the comb-shaped electrode 3 and the counter electrode 1 are formed on the front surface 8a of the substrate 8, and the uniform electrode 9 is formed on the back surface 8b.
- the comb-shaped electrode 3 includes a large number of elongated electrode portions 5 arranged periodically, and an elongated power feeding portion 2 that connects the roots of the large number of electrode portions 5.
- the counter electrode 1 is an elongated electrode piece, and the counter electrode 1 is provided so as to face the tip of the electrode part 5.
- the entire substrate 8 is polarized in the non-polarization inversion direction A. Then, when a voltage of V 1 is applied between the comb-shaped electrode 3 and the counter electrode 1 and a voltage of V 2 is applied between the comb-shaped electrode 3 and the uniform electrode 9, the polarization inversion section is connected to each electrode section. Progresses gradually from 5 in parallel with direction B. The polarization inversion direction B is opposite to the non-polarization inversion direction A. It should be noted that a non-polarized inversion portion that does not undergo polarization inversion remains at a position that does not correspond to the electrode portion, that is, between adjacent polarization inversion portions. In this way, a periodically poled structure is formed in which polarization inversion parts and non-polarization inversion parts are alternately arranged. Light is emitted at the position where the periodically poled structure is formed. Waveguides can be formed.
- the comb-shaped electrode 3 and the counter electrode 1 are formed on the front surface 8a of the substrate 8, and the uniform electrode 9 is formed on the back surface 8b.
- the comb-shaped electrode 3 includes a plurality of elongated electrode portions 5 arranged periodically and an elongated power feeding portion 2 that connects the roots of the plurality of electrode portions 5.
- the counter electrode 1 is composed of an elongated counter electrode piece, and the counter electrode is provided so as to face the tip of the electrode portion 5.
- the entire substrate 8 is polarized in the non-polarization inversion direction A.
- a voltage of V 1 is applied between the comb-shaped electrode 3 and the counter electrode 1 and a voltage of V 2 is applied between the comb-shaped electrode 3 and the uniform electrode 9, the polarization inversion section is changed to each electrode section. 5 Gradually progress from A in parallel with direction B.
- the polarization inversion direction B is the opposite of the non-polarization inversion direction A.
- each electrode part 5 includes a base part 7 extending from the power feeding part 2 and a low resistance piece array part 10 on the tip side separated from the base part 7. ing.
- each low resistance piece array portion 10 is composed of a plurality of low resistance pieces separated vertically and horizontally. That is, in this example, a gap 11 is provided between the adjacent low resistance piece array portions 10.
- Each low resistance piece array portion 10 includes a plurality of rows of low resistance pieces spaced in a direction F perpendicular to the longitudinal direction E of the electrode portion 5.
- the array unit 10 includes a plurality of rows of low resistance pieces spaced apart in the longitudinal direction E of the electrode unit 5.
- low resistance pieces 1 2 a, 1 2 b, 1 2 c, 1 2 d, 1 2 e are provided in the first row
- Low resistance pieces 1 3 a, 1 3 b, 1 3 c, 1 3 d, 1 3 e are provided for the third row
- low resistance pieces 1 4 a, 1 4 b, 1 4 c are provided for the third row
- 14 d, 14 e are provided
- low resistance pieces 15 5 a, 15 b, 15 c, 15 d, 15 e are provided in the fourth row.
- low resistance pieces 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e are provided in the fifth row.
- C is the gap in the direction of arrow E
- D is the gap in the direction of arrow F.
- the low resistance pieces 12 a, 12 b, 1 2 c, 1 2 d, 12 e are separated in the direction F substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction E of the electrode part 5 and arranged. Has been. The same applies to the second to fifth rows.
- the concentration of electric charges is suppressed, particularly on the tip side of the electrode part 5, and the damage generated from the tip of the electrode part 5 is reduced, and a relatively long distance is formed along the array part 10.
- the width of the reversing part can be made almost constant.
- the electrode section includes a plurality of rows of low resistance pieces arranged in a direction F intersecting the longitudinal direction E of the electrode section and spaced apart from each other.
- a plurality of rows of low resistance pieces are arranged and spaced apart in a direction F perpendicular to the longitudinal direction E of the electrode portion.
- the angle formed by E and F is preferably 85 to 95 °. More preferably, the angle is 88 to 92 °.
- each electrode portion includes a plurality of low resistance pieces spaced apart in the longitudinal direction E of the electrode portion.
- the electrode portion 17 includes a plurality of rows of low resistance pieces 17 a, 17 b, 17 c, 17 d, and 17 e that are spaced apart in the direction F and arranged.
- the low resistance pieces 17a to 17e are not spaced apart in the longitudinal direction E.
- the distance L between the power feeding unit 2 (see FIG. 1) and the counter electrode 1 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.2 to 1 mm, for example.
- each electrode portion 5 is formed as shown in FIG. A continuous base portion 7 and an arrow: a low resistance piece array portion 10 composed of a plurality of low resistance pieces spaced apart in the heel direction.
- the ratio H // G of the length 7 of the base portion 7 to the total length G of the electrode portion is preferably 0.1 or more, more preferably 0.15 or more.
- the ratio H / G with respect to the total length G of the electrode part is preferably 0.5 or less, and more preferably 0.3 or less.
- the gap C (see Fig. 3) between the low resistance pieces adjacent to each other in the arrow ⁇ ⁇ direction is preferably 0.3 to 3 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of the effect of the present invention, and is 1 to 2 / m. More preferably it is.
- the gap D (see FIG. 3) between the low resistance pieces adjacent to each other in the direction of arrow F is preferably 0.3 to 2 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of the effect of the present invention, 0.3 to More preferably, it is L / m.
- Low resistance piece for example, each low resistance piece in the first row 1 2 a, 1 2 b, 1 2 c, 1 2 d, 1 2 e, or the width of each low resistance piece in the second row or later From the viewpoint of effects, it is preferably 0.3 to 2 / m, and more preferably 0.4 to L: 5 mm. Also, the length of low resistance pieces, for example, 1 2 a, 1 2 b, 1 2 c, 1 2 d, 1 2 e in the first row, or each low resistance piece in the second row is 4 to 20 zm Preferably, it is 6 to 10 6m.
- the number of low resistance strips in the direction of arrow F is not particularly limited as long as it is two or more. As the number of rows increases, the concentration of charges at the tip of the electrode portion is reduced. From this viewpoint, the number of rows of the low resistance pieces in the direction of arrow F is preferably 4 or more. However, if the number of rows of low-resistance strips is too large, patterning of the low-resistance strips will be difficult, or the effect will not be seen so much. Preferably there is. This does not apply when the period is 10 zm or more.
- the type of the ferroelectric single crystal constituting the substrate is not limited. However, lithium niobate (L i Nb 0 3 ), lithium tantalate (L i T a 0 3 ), lithium niobate and lithium oxalate solid solution, K 3 L i 2 N b 5 0 ⁇ 5 Each single crystal is particularly preferred.
- the optical damage resistance of the three-dimensional optical waveguide is further improved. Therefore, one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), scandium (Sc) and indium (In) can be contained, and magnesium is particularly preferable. .
- a rare earth element can be contained as a doping component.
- This rare earth element acts as an additive element for laser oscillation.
- Nd, Er, Tm, Ho, Dy, and Pr are particularly preferable.
- a deep inversion structure can be obtained compared to an X-cut substrate that is not an off-cut substrate.
- the off-cut angle is a slight inclination of about 5 degrees
- the polarization adjustment is normally performed without adjusting the optical axis for the semiconductor laser that emits light in the TE mode.
- Efficiency degradation due to surface mismatch is small, and highly efficient wavelength conversion characteristics can be obtained.
- the off-cut angle increases, the efficiency degradation due to polarization mismatch increases, and in such a case, it is necessary to correct the angle so that the polarization planes match.
- This off-cut angle is not particularly limited. Particularly preferably, the off-cut angle is 1 ° or more, or 20 ° or less.
- a so-called X-cut board, Y-cut board, and Z-cut board can be used as the board.
- a uniform electrode is not provided on the back side of the substrate, but is provided on one surface, and a voltage may be applied between the comb electrode and the uniform electrode. it can.
- the counter electrode may be omitted, but may be left as a floating electrode.
- a uniform electrode is provided on the back surface, and a voltage can be applied between the comb-shaped electrode and the uniform electrode. In this case, the counter electrode is not necessarily required, but it may be left as a floating electrode.
- a periodically poled structure was formed by a voltage application method.
- the distance L between the power feeding section 2 and the counter electrode 1 is set to 400 mm
- the polarization inversion period is set to 18 mm
- the total length G of the electrode section 5 is 150 m
- the length of the base section 7 H is 60 zm
- the number of gaps C when viewed in direction E is 10 (11 rows)
- the number of gaps D when viewed in direction F is 4 (5 rows).
- the size of the gear C was set to 1 mm
- the size of the gear D was set to 0.5 mm.
- Figure 2 is an enlarged photograph of the comb-shaped electrode when it is actually patterned. In this example, Ta metal is used for patterning.
- This electrode pattern was formed on the surface of the substrate, and a uniform electrode was patterned on the back surface of the substrate, and voltage was applied in the form shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, the voltage VI is supplied between the comb electrode and the counter electrode. However, in the actual voltage application, VI is not supplied, and polarization inversion can be formed without wiring. Therefore, in the following explanation, the voltage application condition for V2 only is shown.
- the substrate used is easy to see the shape of the polarization inversion, and when it is made into an actual element, it is preferable that the polarization inversion is deep in the thickness direction of the substrate, so that the MgO-doped LiNbO 3 A 5-degree off-y substrate was used.
- the substrate doped with MgO has higher optical damage resistance than the non-doped LiNbO 3 substrate, and a high-output wavelength conversion element can be obtained.
- An off-cut angle of 5 degrees can deepen the polarization reversal if the substrate has a further off-cut angle, but if the angle becomes too large during mounting, the angle with the excitation light must be adjusted. Therefore, the wavelength conversion efficiency is low, so the angle that can be converted with high efficiency without strictly adjusting the angle is 5 degrees.
- a substrate with a thickness of 0.5 mm was used.
- a periodically poled structure was formed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- FIGS. 1 Other examples of patterns formed by the method of Comparative Example 1 are shown in FIGS.
- a black damaged portion (crack) is generated at the tip edge of the electrode.
- the variation in the length of the reversing part is large.
- the charge tends to be excessively concentrated at the tip of the electrode when voltage is applied, causing dielectric breakdown of the substrate, which is observed in black in Fig. 8.
- Crack May occur. Such cracks are likely to occur when a wide periodic polarization inversion exceeding 1 is formed, and are difficult to occur at a period of less than about 10 m. Furthermore, if the period is less than 5 ⁇ 1, it does not occur at all.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a periodically poled structure was formed. However, the comb electrode pattern was as shown in Fig. 4, and the gap in the direction of arrow E was eliminated. As a result, a uniform shape was formed from the tip of the electrode to the base, and no cracks were generated.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP05793453.1A EP1801644B1 (en) | 2004-10-14 | 2005-10-11 | Method of producing a substrate comprising a polarization domain reversal structure and substrate comprising such a polarization domain reversal structure |
JP2006540994A JP4756706B2 (ja) | 2004-10-14 | 2005-10-11 | 分極反転構造の製造方法 |
US11/713,238 US7522791B2 (en) | 2004-10-14 | 2007-03-01 | Method for fabricating polarization reversal structure and reversal structure |
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JP2004299563 | 2004-10-14 | ||
JP2004-299563 | 2004-10-14 |
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US11/713,238 Continuation US7522791B2 (en) | 2004-10-14 | 2007-03-01 | Method for fabricating polarization reversal structure and reversal structure |
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WO2006041176A1 true WO2006041176A1 (ja) | 2006-04-20 |
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PCT/JP2005/018993 WO2006041176A1 (ja) | 2004-10-14 | 2005-10-11 | 分極反転構造の製造方法および分極反転構造 |
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US (1) | US7522791B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1801644B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4756706B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006041176A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008152377A1 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2008-12-18 | University Of Southampton | Improved electric field poling of ferroelectric materials |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7428097B1 (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2008-09-23 | Hc Photonics Corp. | Poled structure with inhibition blocks |
US7502163B1 (en) * | 2007-11-12 | 2009-03-10 | Hc Photonics Corp. | Method for preparing a poled structure by using leakage and tunnel effects |
CN112987447A (zh) * | 2019-12-02 | 2021-06-18 | 济南量子技术研究院 | 一种用于铁电晶体材料周期极化的电极结构及极化方法 |
Citations (4)
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US6002515A (en) | 1997-01-14 | 1999-12-14 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method for producing polarization inversion part, optical wavelength conversion element using the same, and optical waveguide |
US20020057489A1 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2002-05-16 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Polarization inversion method of ferroelectrics and fabrication method of optical wavelength conversion device |
JP2002214655A (ja) * | 2000-11-14 | 2002-07-31 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 強誘電体の分極反転方法および光波長変換素子の作製方法 |
JP2002277915A (ja) | 2001-03-22 | 2002-09-25 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 分極反転形成方法および光波長変換素子 |
Family Cites Families (4)
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JP4119508B2 (ja) | 1997-01-14 | 2008-07-16 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 光波長変換素子とその製造方法、この素子を用いた光発生装置および光ピックアップ、ならびに分極反転部の製造方法 |
JP3511204B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-18 | 2004-03-29 | 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 | 光機能素子、該素子用単結晶基板、およびその使用方法 |
DE10102683A1 (de) * | 2001-01-22 | 2002-08-14 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Vorrichtung zum Vervielfachen von Lichtfrequenzen |
US6999668B2 (en) * | 2002-01-09 | 2006-02-14 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing optical waveguide device, optical waveguide device, and coherent light source and optical apparatus using the optical waveguide device |
-
2005
- 2005-10-11 EP EP05793453.1A patent/EP1801644B1/en active Active
- 2005-10-11 WO PCT/JP2005/018993 patent/WO2006041176A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-10-11 JP JP2006540994A patent/JP4756706B2/ja active Active
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2007
- 2007-03-01 US US11/713,238 patent/US7522791B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6002515A (en) | 1997-01-14 | 1999-12-14 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method for producing polarization inversion part, optical wavelength conversion element using the same, and optical waveguide |
US20020057489A1 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2002-05-16 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Polarization inversion method of ferroelectrics and fabrication method of optical wavelength conversion device |
JP2002214655A (ja) * | 2000-11-14 | 2002-07-31 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 強誘電体の分極反転方法および光波長変換素子の作製方法 |
JP2002277915A (ja) | 2001-03-22 | 2002-09-25 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 分極反転形成方法および光波長変換素子 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008152377A1 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2008-12-18 | University Of Southampton | Improved electric field poling of ferroelectric materials |
US8054536B2 (en) | 2007-06-11 | 2011-11-08 | University Of Southampton | Electric field poling of ferroelectric materials |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPWO2006041176A1 (ja) | 2008-05-22 |
US7522791B2 (en) | 2009-04-21 |
US20070258131A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
JP4756706B2 (ja) | 2011-08-24 |
EP1801644A4 (en) | 2009-07-01 |
EP1801644A1 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
EP1801644B1 (en) | 2013-12-11 |
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