WO2006035943A1 - 磁気メモリ - Google Patents
磁気メモリ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006035943A1 WO2006035943A1 PCT/JP2005/018172 JP2005018172W WO2006035943A1 WO 2006035943 A1 WO2006035943 A1 WO 2006035943A1 JP 2005018172 W JP2005018172 W JP 2005018172W WO 2006035943 A1 WO2006035943 A1 WO 2006035943A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements
- G11C11/14—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using thin-film elements
- G11C11/15—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using thin-film elements using multiple magnetic layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B61/00—Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices
- H10B61/20—Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices comprising components having three or more electrodes, e.g. transistors
- H10B61/22—Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices comprising components having three or more electrodes, e.g. transistors of the field-effect transistor [FET] type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
- H10N50/10—Magnetoresistive devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a magnetic memory that stores data in a magnetoresistive effect element.
- MRAM Magnetic Random Access Memory
- DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
- SRAM Static RAM
- a structure using a tunnel magnetoresistive effect element (hereinafter referred to as a TMR element) using a tunneling magnetoresistive effect (TMR: Tunneling Magneto-Resistive) is known.
- TMR tunneling magnetoresistive effect
- a magnetic field is generated by passing a write current through the write wiring along the TMR element, and the magnetization direction of the magnetosensitive layer of the TMR element is reversed by this magnetic field, thereby To write binary data.
- FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of the magnetic yoke.
- the magnetic yoke 105 is provided surrounding the write wiring 106.
- the magnetic yoke 105 includes a pair of opposing yokes 105b and a pair of villas. 105c and beam yoke 105d.
- the pair of opposing yokes 105b has a pair of end faces 105a.
- the pair of end faces 105a are opposed to each other via a gap having a predetermined length.
- the TMR element 104 is arranged such that the pair of side surfaces thereof face the pair of end surfaces 105a.
- the beam yoke 105d is provided along the surface of the write wiring 106 opposite to the TMR element 104.
- the pair of pillar yokes 105c is provided along the side surface of the write wiring 106, and connects one end of each of the pair of opposing yokes 105b on the side different from the end face 105a to both ends of the beam yoke 105d.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-153182
- the present inventor has been studying the configuration of a magnetic yoke in order to reduce the write current in the MRAM.
- the greater the thickness of the magnetic yoke, or the shorter the length of the magnetic yoke in the direction along the write wiring the greater the demagnetizing field inside the magnetic yoke and the energy for reversing the magnetic field direction (ie The magnitude of the write current increases. Therefore, the magnetic yoke is preferably formed thin.
- the magnetic yoke is formed in a thin V, layered shape and the write wiring is sandwiched, the magnetic field direction is abruptly changed at the upper and lower joints sandwiching the wiring portion of the magnetic yoke, and the magnetic field is disturbed. A large amount of energy (the magnitude of the write current) is required to reverse the direction of the magnetic field.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and provides a magnetic memory that can reduce the energy required for reversing the magnetic field direction of the magnetic yoke and reduce the write current. For the purpose.
- a magnetic memory includes a plurality of storage areas, and each of the plurality of storage areas includes a magnetosensitive layer whose magnetization direction is changed by an external magnetic field.
- An effect element a write wiring for providing an external magnetic field to the magnetosensitive layer by a write current, and a magnetic yoke disposed so as to surround the outer periphery of the write wiring in a part in the extending direction of the write wiring;
- the magnetic yoke includes the first and second ferromagnetic layers provided across the write wiring, and the first and second strong layers at both ends of the first and second ferromagnetic layers along at least the write wiring. And a first nonmagnetic layer provided between the magnetic layers and antiferromagnetically coupling the first and second ferromagnetic layers to each other.
- the first nonmagnetic layer that antiferromagnetically couples the first and second ferromagnetic layers to each other is provided between the first and second ferromagnetic layers of the magnetic yoke.
- the first and second ferromagnetic layers are provided at least at both ends. This makes the magnetic field directions of the first and second ferromagnetic layers antiparallel to each other, eliminating a sudden change in the magnetic field directions at both ends of the first and second ferromagnetic layers and reducing the magnetic field. Disturbance can be suppressed.
- the demagnetizing field inside the magnetic yoke can be reduced by making the first and second ferromagnetic layers thinner, so that the energy required for reversing the magnetizing direction of the magnetic yoke can be reduced and the write current can be reduced.
- each of the plurality of storage regions has a second anti-ferromagnetic coupling between the magnetosensitive layer of the magnetoresistive effect element and the first or second ferromagnetic layer of the magnetic yoke. It is also possible to further include a nonmagnetic layer. As a result, the magnetic field inside the magnetic yoke (that is, the external magnetic field due to the write current) can be more efficiently applied to the magnetosensitive layer of the magnetoresistive element.
- the magnetic yoke has conductivity, and the first or second ferromagnetic layer of the magnetic yoke and the magnetosensitive layer of the magnetoresistive effect element are electrically connected,
- the magnetic yoke and the write wiring may be electrically insulated.
- the magnetic memory structure can also serve as a wiring for flowing a read current to the magnetoresistive element, so that the structure of the magnetic memory can be simplified.
- the magnetosensitive layer of the magnetoresistive effect element has the first or second of the magnetic yoke. Consists of part of the ferromagnetic layer.
- the magnetic memory is characterized in that the magnetic axis easy axis direction of the first and second ferromagnetic layers of the magnetic yoke obliquely intersects the longitudinal direction of the write wiring surrounded by the magnetic yoke. Also good. As a result, even when the magnetization directions of the first and second ferromagnetic layers are slightly deviated from the antiparallel state, these magnetic directions can be reversed while being substantially antiparallel. Therefore, it is possible to further reduce the write current required for magnetic domain inversion.
- the energy required for reversing the magnetic field direction of the magnetic yoke can be reduced, and the write current can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an overall configuration of a magnetic memory according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional configuration when the storage section is cut along the row direction.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the storage section taken along line II in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the storage section taken along line II-II in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the TMR element and its peripheral structure.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the TMR element and its peripheral structure.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a planar shape of a magnetic yoke.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams for explaining the operation around the TMR element in the storage area.
- FIG. 8A shows the element at the time of writing
- FIG. 8B shows the element at the time of reading.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B are diagrams for explaining the operation around the TMR element in the storage area.
- FIG. 9A shows the element at the time of writing
- FIG. 9B shows the element at the time of reading.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of the peripheral structure of the TMR element.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of the peripheral structure of the TMR element.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of the peripheral structure of the TMR element.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of the peripheral structure of the TMR element.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of the peripheral structure of the TMR element.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of the peripheral structure of the TMR element.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of the peripheral structure of the TMR element.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of the peripheral structure of the TMR element.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of the peripheral structure of the TMR element.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a configuration of a TMR element according to a modification.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a configuration of a TMR element according to a modification.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining another modification of the magnetic memory.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining another modified example of the magnetic memory.
- (A), (b), (c), (d), and (e) are shown in FIG. The state when the magnetic field direction is reversed is schematically shown, and (f) is a graph showing the change over time of the magnitude of the write current.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining another modified example of the magnetic memory. (A), (b), (c)
- FIG. 4 schematically shows a state in which the magnetic field direction is reversed by the write current
- FIG. 4D is a graph showing the change over time in the magnitude of the write current.
- FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a conventional magnetic yoke.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing the overall configuration of the magnetic memory 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the magnetic memory 1 includes a storage unit 2, a bit selection circuit 11, a word selection circuit 12, bit wirings 13a and 13b, a word wiring 14, and a ground wiring 15.
- the storage unit 2 includes a plurality of storage areas 3.
- the plurality of storage areas 3 are arranged in a two-dimensional form having m rows and n columns (m and n are integers of 2 or more).
- Each of the plurality of storage areas 3 includes a TMR element 4, a write wiring 31, a write transistor 32, a read wiring 33, and a read transistor 34.
- the TMR element 4 is a magnetoresistive effect element including a magnetosensitive layer whose magnetization direction is changed by an external magnetic field.
- the TMR element 4 includes a magnetosensitive layer, a fixed layer whose magnetic field direction is fixed, and a nonmagnetic insulating layer sandwiched between the magnetosensitive layer and the fixed layer.
- the TMR element 4 is arranged along a part of the write wiring 31 so that the magnetic field direction of the magnetosensitive layer is changed by receiving an external magnetic field generated by a write current flowing through the write wiring 31.
- the resistance value between the magnetosensitive layer and the fixed layer depends on the relationship between the magnetization direction of the magnetosensitive layer and the magnetic field direction of the fixed layer. Change.
- the write wiring 31 is a wiring for providing an external magnetic field to the magnetosensitive layer of the TMR element 4 by a write current.
- One end of the write wiring 31 is electrically connected to the bit wiring 13a. It has been continued.
- the other end of the write wiring 31 is electrically connected to the source or drain of the write transistor 32.
- the write transistor 32 is a write switch means for controlling the conduction of the write current in the write wiring 31.
- one of the drain and the source is electrically connected to the write wiring 31, and the other is electrically connected to the bit wiring 13b.
- the gate of the write transistor 32 is electrically connected to the word line 14.
- the read wiring 33 is a wiring for allowing a read current to flow through the TMR element 4. Specifically, one end of the read wire 33 is electrically connected to the bit wire 13a, and the other end of the read wire 33 is electrically connected to the fixed layer side (or the magnetosensitive layer side) of the TMR element 4. It is connected.
- the read transistor 34 is a read switch means for controlling the conduction of the read current in the read wiring 33.
- One of the source and drain of the read transistor 34 is electrically connected to the magnetosensitive layer side (or fixed layer side) of the TMR element 4, and the other of the source and drain is electrically connected to the ground wiring 15. . Further, the gate of the read transistor 34 is electrically connected to the word line 14.
- the magnetosensitive layer side or the fixed layer side of the TMR element 4 means the magnetosensitive layer side or the fixed layer side with respect to the nonmagnetic insulating layer, and is on the magnetosensitive layer or the fixed layer. Including the case where another layer intervenes.
- the bit wirings 13a and 13b are arranged corresponding to each column of the storage area 3.
- the bit line 13a is electrically connected to one end of the write line 31 included in each storage area 3 of the corresponding column.
- the bit wiring 13a of the present embodiment is also electrically connected to one end of the read wiring 33 included in each storage region 3 of the corresponding column.
- the bit wiring 13b is electrically connected to the drain or source of the write transistor 32 included in each storage region 3 in the corresponding column.
- the word line 14 is arranged corresponding to each row of the storage area 3 and is electrically connected to the gate which is the control terminal of the write transistor 32 included in each storage area 3 of the corresponding row. .
- the bit selection circuit 11 is a write current generation unit that provides a positive or negative write current to the write wiring 31 of each storage area 3. Specifically, the bit selection circuit 11 corresponds to the address according to the address instructed at the time of data writing from the inside or outside of the magnetic memory 1. And an address decoder circuit that selects the column corresponding to the memory and a current drive circuit that supplies a positive or negative write current between the bit wiring 13a and the bit wiring 13b corresponding to the selected column. Has been. Further, the word selection circuit 12 selects a row corresponding to the address in accordance with an address instructed at the time of data writing from the inside or outside of the magnetic memory 1 and supplies a control current to the word line 14 corresponding to the selected row. It has a function to provide
- the magnetic memory 1 having the above configuration operates as follows. That is, when an address (i row j column Zl ⁇ i ⁇ m, l ⁇ j ⁇ n) for writing data from the inside or outside of the magnetic memory 1 is specified, the bit selection circuit 11 and the word selection circuit 12 are respectively Select the appropriate j column and i row. In the write transistor 32 in the storage area 3 included in the i row selected by the word selection circuit 12, the control voltage is applied to the gate, and the write current becomes conductive. In the storage area 3 included in the j column selected by the bit selection circuit 11, a positive or negative voltage corresponding to data is applied between the bit wiring 13a and the bit wiring 13b.
- a write current is generated in the write wiring 31 via the write transistor 32.
- the magnetic field direction of the magnetosensitive layer of the TMR element 4 is reversed by the magnetic field generated by the write current. In this way, binary data is written to the storage area 3 of the designated address (i row j column).
- the bit selection circuit 11 and the word selection circuit 12 select the corresponding one column and k row, respectively.
- the control voltage is applied to the gate, and the read current becomes conductive.
- a read current is supplied from the bit selection circuit 11 to the bit wiring 13 a corresponding to one column selected by the bit selection circuit 11.
- the read current from the read wiring 33 is transmitted to the TMR element 4 and the read transistor 34. Flows to ground wiring 15 via. Then, for example, by determining the voltage drop amount in the TMR element 4, the designated address (k row 1 Binary data stored in storage area 3 of the column) is read out.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional configuration when the storage unit 2 is cut along the row direction.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the storage unit 2 taken along the line II in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the storage unit 2 taken along line II-II in FIG.
- the storage unit 2 includes a semiconductor layer 6, a wiring layer 7, and a magnetic material layer 8.
- the semiconductor layer 6 is a layer in which a semiconductor device such as a transistor is formed while maintaining the mechanical strength of the entire storage unit 2 including the semiconductor substrate 21.
- the magnetic material layer 8 is a layer on which a component made of a magnetic material such as a TMR element 4 and a magnetic yoke 5 for efficiently applying a magnetic field to the TMR element 4 is formed.
- the wiring layer 7 is provided between the semiconductor layer 6 and the magnetic material layer 8.
- the wiring layer 7 includes a magnetic device such as a TMR element 4 formed in the magnetic material layer 8, a semiconductor device such as a transistor formed in the semiconductor layer 6, and each of the bit wirings 13a and 13b and the word wiring 14. This is a layer in which wiring for electrically connecting the wirings penetrating the storage area 3 to each other is formed.
- the semiconductor layer 6 includes a semiconductor substrate 21, an insulating region 22, a write transistor 32, and a read transistor 34.
- the semiconductor substrate 21 also has Si substrate power, for example, and is doped with p-type or n-type impurities.
- the insulating region 22 is formed on the semiconductor substrate 21 in a region other than the write transistor 32 and the read transistor 34, and electrically isolates the write transistor 32 and the read transistor 34.
- the insulating region 22 is made of an insulating material such as SiO.
- the read transistor 34 includes a drain region 34 a and a source region 34 c, a gate electrode 34 b, and a part of the semiconductor substrate 21, which are opposite in conductivity type to the semiconductor substrate 21.
- the drain region 34a and the source region 34c are formed, for example, in the vicinity of the surface of the Si substrate by doping an impurity having a conductivity type opposite to that of the semiconductor substrate 21.
- a semiconductor substrate 21 is interposed between the drain region 34a and the source region 34c, and a gate electrode 34b is disposed on the semiconductor substrate 21.
- the write transistor 32 includes a drain region 32 a and a source region 32 c, a gate electrode 32 b, and a part of the semiconductor substrate 21, which are opposite in conductivity type to the semiconductor substrate 21.
- the drain region 32a and the source region 32c are formed, for example, in the vicinity of the surface of the Si substrate by being doped with an impurity having a conductivity type opposite to that of the semiconductor substrate 21.
- a semiconductor substrate 21 is interposed between the drain region 32a and the source region 32c, and a gate electrode 32b is disposed on the semiconductor substrate 21.
- the magnetic material layer 8 includes a TMR element 4, a magnetic yoke 5, an insulating region 24, a write wiring 31, and a read wiring 33.
- regions other than the configuration described below TMR element 4, magnetic yoke 5, write wiring 31, and read wiring 33
- FIGS. 5 and 6 are enlarged views of the TMR element 4 and its peripheral structure.
- FIG. 5 is a cross section along the row direction of the storage area 3
- FIG. 6 is a cross section along the column direction of the storage area 3. Referring to FIGS.
- the TMR element 4 includes a nonmagnetic layer 4a, a first magnetic layer 4b, a nonmagnetic layer 4c, a second magnetic layer 4d, a nonmagnetic insulating layer 4e, a third magnetic layer 4f, and
- the antiferromagnetic layer 4g is laminated in order.
- the 1st magnetic layer 4b, the nonmagnetic layer 4c, and the 2nd magnetic layer 4d comprise the magnetosensitive layer (free layer) in this embodiment.
- the magnetosensitive layer of the present embodiment has an antiferromagnetic coupling structure.
- the nonmagnetic layer 4c antiferromagnetically couples the first magnetic layer 4b and the second magnetic layer 4d (that is, negative exchange coupling), and the second magnetic layer 4b and the second magnetic layer 4c
- the magnetic layer 4d is antiparallel to the magnetic field direction.
- the nonmagnetic layer 4a is an embodiment of the second nonmagnetic layer in the present invention.
- the nonmagnetic layer 4a antiferromagnetically couples the first magnetic layer 4b and the first ferromagnetic layer 5a of the magnetic yoke 5 (that is, negative exchange coupling), and the magnetic layer of the first magnetic layer 4b
- the direction and the magnetic direction of the first ferromagnetic layer 5a are antiparallel to each other.
- the configuration of the magnetic yoke 5 will be described later.
- a magnetic field corresponding to the write current is generated inside the magnetic yoke 5.
- the magnetic field generated inside the magnetic yoke 5 causes the first ferromagnetic layer 5
- the magnetic field direction of the first magnetic layer 4b antiferromagnetically coupled to a changes in the opposite direction to the magnetic field inside the magnetic yoke 5.
- the magnetic direction of the second magnetic layer 4d that is antiferromagnetically coupled to the first magnetic layer 4b is changed to that of the first magnetic layer 4b.
- the direction changes to the opposite direction. In this way, binary data is recorded in the TMR element 4.
- the magnetosensitive layer of the TMR element 4 preferably has an antiferromagnetic coupling structure as in the present embodiment.
- the magnetic field of the entire magnetosensitive layer can be made substantially zero, so that less energy is required to invert the magnetic field of the magnetosensitive layer, and the write current can be reduced.
- ferromagnetic materials such as Co, CoFe, NiFe, NiFeCo, and CoPt can be used, for example.
- a nonmagnetic metal material such as Ru, Rh, Ir, Cu, or Ag can be used.
- the third magnetic layer 4f is a fixed layer (pinned layer) whose magnetic field direction is fixed by the antiferromagnetic layer 4g. That is, the magnetic field direction of the third magnetic layer 4f is stabilized by the exchange coupling at the joint surface between the antiferromagnetic layer 4g and the third magnetic layer 4f.
- the magnetic easy axis direction of the third magnetic layer 4f is set along the magnetic easy axis direction of the first magnetic layer 4b and the second magnetic layer 4d.
- a ferromagnetic material such as Co, CoFe, NiFe, NiFeCo, CoPt can be used.
- IrMn, PtMn, FeMn, PtPdMn, NiO, or any combination of these materials can be used.
- the nonmagnetic insulating layer 4e is a layer made of a nonmagnetic and insulating material. Since the nonmagnetic insulating layer 4e is interposed between the second magnetic layer 4d and the third magnetic layer 4f, the tunnel magnetoresistive effect (TMR) is generated between the second magnetic layer 4d and the third magnetic layer 4f. ) Occurs. That is, between the second magnetic layer 4d and the third magnetic layer 4f, the relative relationship between the magnetic field direction of the second magnetic layer 4d and the magnetic field direction of the third magnetic layer 4f (parallel or antiparallel). ) Occurs.
- the material for the nonmagnetic insulating layer 4e for example, metal oxides or nitrides such as Al, Zn, and Mg are suitable.
- a fourth layer is provided via a nonmagnetic metal layer or a synthetic AF (antiferromagnetic) layer.
- a magnetic layer may be provided. Since the fourth magnetic layer forms antiferromagnetic coupling with the third magnetic layer 4f, the magnetic field direction of the third magnetic layer 4f can be further stabilized.
- the third magnetic layer 4f to the second magnetic layer Since the influence of the static magnetic field on the magnetic layer 4d can be prevented, the magnetization reversal of the second magnetic layer 4d can be facilitated.
- the material of the fourth magnetic layer is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a ferromagnetic material such as Co, CoFe, NiFe, NiFeCo, CoPt alone or in combination. Further, as the material of the nonmagnetic metal layer provided between the third magnetic layer 4f and the fourth magnetic layer, Ru, Rh, Ir, Cu, Ag and the like are suitable. The thickness of the nonmagnetic metal layer is preferably 2 nm or less in order to obtain strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the third magnetic layer 4f and the fourth magnetic layer.
- the write wiring 31 is disposed below the TMR element 4.
- the write wiring 31 is surrounded by the magnetic yoke 5 via the insulating region 24.
- the write wiring 31 is made of a conductive metal and is formed in a film shape extending in the row direction of the storage region 3.
- One end of the write wiring 31 is electrically connected to the electrode 17a through the vertical wiring 16a (see FIG. 2).
- the other end of the write wiring 31 is electrically connected to the electrode 17c through the vertical wiring 16h (see FIG. 2).
- the magnetic axis easy axis direction of the first magnetic layer 4b and the second magnetic layer 4d of the TMR element 4 is in a direction crossing the longitudinal direction of the write wiring 31 (that is, a direction crossing the direction of the write current).
- the read wiring 33 is provided on the antiferromagnetic layer 4 g of the TMR element 4.
- the read wiring 33 is made of a conductive metal and extends in the row direction of the storage area 3.
- One end of the read wiring 33 is electrically connected to the antiferromagnetic layer 4g.
- the other end of the read wiring 33 is electrically connected to the bit wiring 13a (see FIG. 2) via a wiring (not shown).
- the first magnetic layer 4b of the TMR element 4 is electrically connected to the electrode 35 via a magnetic yoke 5 described later. With this configuration, a read current can flow from the read wiring 33 to the TMR element 4.
- the magnetic yoke 5 is a member that covers the periphery of the write wiring 31 and efficiently provides a magnetic field generated by the write current to the TMR element 4.
- the magnetic yoke 5 is disposed so as to surround the outer periphery of the write wiring 31 in a part in the extending direction of the write wiring 31.
- the magnetic yoke 5 of the present embodiment is composed of a first ferromagnetic layer 5a, a second ferromagnetic layer 5b, and a nonmagnetic layer 5c.
- the second ferromagnetic layer 5 b is formed in a film shape on the electrode 35 along the write wiring 31.
- the first ferromagnetic layer 5a has a second strong layer.
- the first ferromagnetic layer 5a and the second ferromagnetic layer 5b sandwich the write wiring 31 between them.
- the write wiring 31 is electrically insulated from the first ferromagnetic layer 5a and the second ferromagnetic layer 5b by the insulating region 24.
- a nonmagnetic layer 5c is provided in the form of a film as a first nonmagnetic layer between the first ferromagnetic layer 5a and the second ferromagnetic layer 5b.
- the second ferromagnetic layer 5b, the insulating region 24, the write wiring 31, the insulating region 24, the nonmagnetic layer 5c, and the first ferromagnetic layer 5b are arranged in the thickness direction between the TMR element 4 and the electrode 35.
- One ferromagnetic layer 5a is sequentially laminated. Of these layers, the order of the nonmagnetic layer 5c and the write wiring 31 may be interchanged. Further, as described above, the first ferromagnetic layer 5a is antiferromagnetically coupled (that is, negative exchange coupling) to the first magnetic layer 4b of the TMR element 4 via the nonmagnetic layer 4a.
- the write wiring 31 and the insulating region 24 are not provided at both ends along the write wiring 31 in the first ferromagnetic layer 5a and the second ferromagnetic layer 5b.
- the magnetic layer 5a and the second ferromagnetic layer 5b are in contact with the nonmagnetic layer 5c, respectively. That is, at both ends of the magnetic yoke 5, the second ferromagnetic layer 5b, the nonmagnetic layer 5c, and the first ferromagnetic layer 5a are sequentially stacked in the thickness direction. At both ends, the first ferromagnetic layer 5a and the second ferromagnetic layer 5b are antiferromagnetically coupled (that is, negative exchange coupling) to each other via the nonmagnetic layer 5c.
- the magnetic yoke 5 of the present embodiment has a conductive material force for flowing a read current, and is electrically connected via the first magnetic layer 4b of the TMR element 4 and the nonmagnetic layer 4a.
- a material constituting the first ferromagnetic layer 5a and the second ferromagnetic layer 5b of the magnetic yoke 5 for example, a metal containing at least one element of Ni, Fe, and Co is suitable.
- a nonmagnetic layer 5c for example, a nonmagnetic metal material such as Ru, Rh, Ir, Cu, or Ag is suitable.
- the insulating region 24 is made of an insulating material such as SiO.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a planar shape of the magnetic yoke 5.
- the planar shape of the magnetic yoke 5 is rectangular as shown in FIG.
- the easy magnetization axis direction A force of the first ferromagnetic layer 5a and the second ferromagnetic layer 5b of the magnetic yoke 5 is the longitudinal direction of the write wiring 31 surrounded by the magnetic yoke 5 (that is, The direction in which the write current flows) It is set to be orthogonal.
- the wiring layer 7 has an insulating region 23, bit wirings 13a and 13b, a word wiring 14, a ground wiring 15, and a plurality of vertical wirings and horizontal wirings. Note that, in the wiring layer 7, all regions other than each wiring are occupied by the insulating region 23.
- w can be used as the material for the vertical wiring
- A1 can be used as the material for the horizontal wiring, for example.
- the electrode 17a to which one end of the write wiring 31 of the magnetic material layer 8 is connected is electrically connected to the bit wiring 13a via the vertical wiring 16b.
- the electrode 35 electrically connected to the first magnetic layer 4b of the TMR element 4 through the magnetic yoke 5 and the nonmagnetic layer 4a is connected to the vertical wirings 16c to 16e of the wiring layer 7 and the horizontal wirings 18a and 18b.
- the vertical wiring 16e is in ohmic contact with the drain region 34a of the reading transistor 34 (see FIG. 3).
- the ground wiring 15 is electrically connected to the vertical wiring 16 ⁇ , and the vertical wiring 16 ⁇ is in ohmic contact with the source region 34c of the reading transistor 34.
- a part of the word line 14 serves as the gate electrode 34b of the read transistor 34. That is, the gate electrode 34b shown in FIG. 3 is constituted by a part of the word line 14 extending in the row direction of the storage region 3. With this configuration, the word line 14 is electrically connected to the control terminal (gate electrode 34b) of the read transistor 34.
- the electrode 17c to which the other end of the write wiring 31 of the magnetic material layer 8 is connected is electrically connected to the vertical wirings 16i to 16k and the horizontal wirings 18d and 18e of the wiring layer 7.
- the vertical wiring 16k is in ohmic contact with the drain region 32a of the writing transistor 32.
- the horizontal wiring 18h is electrically connected to the vertical wiring 16q, and the vertical wiring 16q is ohmically connected to the source region 32c of the writing transistor 32.
- the horizontal wiring 18h is electrically connected to the bit wiring 13b (see FIG. 2) by a wiring (not shown).
- a part of the word line 14 serves as the gate electrode 32b of the write transistor 32. That is, the gate electrode 32b shown in FIG. 4 is constituted by a part of the word line 14 extending in the row direction of the storage region 3. With this configuration, The wiring 14 is electrically connected to the control terminal (gate electrode 32b) of the write transistor 32.
- a magnetic field ⁇ and a magnetic field ⁇ are generated.
- the magnetic field ⁇ is provided above the write wiring 31.
- the magnetic field ⁇ is written
- the first ferromagnetic layer 5a and the second ferromagnetic layer 5b are antiferromagnetically coupled via the nonmagnetic layer 5c, so that the magnetic field ⁇ And the magnetic field ⁇ are stable in an antiparallel state.
- Magnetic field ⁇ (external magnetic field) is efficiently applied to the first magnetic layer 4b of the magnetically coupled TMR element 4.
- the magnetic field direction B of the first magnetic layer 4b is opposite to the magnetic field ⁇ .
- the magnetic field direction B of the second magnetic layer 4d antiferromagnetically coupled to the first magnetic layer 4b is opposite to the magnetization direction B, that is, the same direction as the magnetic field ⁇ .
- Direction C is the same direction, that is, parallel state.
- one of the binary data (for example, 0) is written into the TMR element 4.
- TMR tunnel magnetoresistance effect
- the magnetic fields ⁇ and ⁇ that are opposite to the magnetic fields ⁇ and ⁇ are generated around the write wiring 31.
- the magnetic field ⁇ is formed in one direction inside the first ferromagnetic layer 5a. Also,
- the magnetic field ⁇ is formed in the opposite direction to the magnetic field ⁇ inside the second ferromagnetic layer 5b.
- the magnetic field ⁇ and the magnetic field ⁇ are antiparallel and safe.
- the magnetic field ⁇ (external magnetic field) is efficiently provided to 4b.
- the magnetic field direction B of 4b points in the opposite direction to the magnetic field ⁇ .
- the magnetic field direction C of the magnetic field ⁇ is opposite to the magnetic field ⁇ in advance by exchange coupling with the antiferromagnetic layer 4g.
- a read current I is passed between the read wiring 33 and the magnetic yoke 5 to change the current value or read the wiring 33. And the change in potential difference between the magnetic yoke 5 and the magnetic yoke 5 is detected. For example, when the magnetic direction B of the second magnetic layer 4d is antiparallel to the magnetic direction C of the third magnetic layer 4f, the torque in the nonmagnetic insulating layer 4e is
- TMR tunnel magnetoresistance effect
- the ferromagnetic layers 5a and 5b are coupled antiferromagnetically between the first ferromagnetic layer 5a and the second ferromagnetic layer 5b of the magnetic yoke 5.
- Non The magnetic layer 5c is provided on at least both ends of the ferromagnetic layers 5a and 5b.
- the magnetic layer direction of the first ferromagnetic layer 5a and the magnetic layer direction of the second ferromagnetic layer 5b are antiparallel to each other, and the first ferromagnetic layer 5a and the second ferromagnetic layer Magnetic field disturbance can be suppressed by eliminating a sudden change in the direction of magnetic field at both ends of 5b.
- these ferromagnetic layers 5a and 5b can be made thinner to reduce the demagnetizing field inside the magnetic yoke 5, so that the energy required for reversing the magnetic field direction of the magnetic yoke 5 is reduced and the write current is reduced. Can be reduced.
- the magnetic memory 1 according to the present embodiment does not have a configuration in which a write current is directly passed to the TMR element.
- the TMR element is binary-coded by an external magnetic field formed by the write wiring 31 arranged insulated from the TMR element 4. It is configured to write data.
- the write current flows directly to the TMR element, if the magnetic yoke is made thin, the write current density increases and the life of the magnetic memory is shortened. According to the magnetic memory 1 according to the present embodiment, it is possible to make the magnetic yoke 5 thinner without causing such a problem.
- the force in which the TMR element 4 is provided on the first ferromagnetic layer 5a is not limited to this, and the magnetic memory according to the present invention is not limited to this. It is possible to have a configuration in which a TMR element is provided between the second ferromagnetic layer and the wiring layer.
- each of the plurality of storage regions 3 includes a magnetosensitive layer (first magnetic layer 4b) of the TMR element 4 and a first ferromagnetic layer 5a of the magnetic yoke 5 that are mutually connected. It is preferable to have a nonmagnetic layer 4a that is antiferromagnetically coupled. As a result, the magnetic field inside the magnetic yoke 5 (that is, the external magnetic field due to the write current) can be applied to the magnetosensitive layer (first magnetic layer 4b) of the TMR element 4 more efficiently.
- the TMR element When the TMR element is provided below the magnetic yoke (that is, between the second ferromagnetic layer and the wiring layer), the TMR element's magnetosensitive layer (first magnetic layer) and the magnetic yoke It is preferable to have a nonmagnetic layer that antiferromagnetically couples with the second ferromagnetic layer.
- the magnetic yoke 5 has conductivity, and the first ferromagnetic layer 5a of the magnetic yoke 5 and the first magnetic layer 4b of the TMR element 4 are non-magnetic layers 4a. It is preferable that the magnetic yoke 5 and the write wiring 31 are electrically insulated from each other. As a result, the magnetic yoke 5 can also serve as a wiring for flowing a read current to the TMR element 4. Therefore, the structure of the magnetic memory 1 can be simplified. When the TMR element is provided below the magnetic yoke, the first magnetic layer of the TMR element and the second ferromagnetic layer of the magnetic yoke are electrically connected via the nonmagnetic layer. It is preferable.
- the magnetic field directions B and B of the magnetosensitive layer of the TMR element 4 can be reversed with a small write current, so that the conduction of the write current is controlled.
- the write transistor 32 can be downsized, and the write transistor 32 can be arranged for each storage area 3. Therefore, a magnetic field can be substantially provided only to the TMR element 4 in the storage area 3 to which data is to be written, and erroneous writing to other storage areas 3 can be prevented.
- FIGS. 10 to 18 are all cross-sectional views taken along the line II of FIG. 2, and show the manufacturing process in order.
- the semiconductor layer 6 and the wiring layer 7 are formed. Then, as shown in FIG. 10, after the electrode 35 is formed on the vertical wiring 16c of the wiring layer 7, using a CVD apparatus, for example, Si (OCH) is used to form SiO insulation on the wiring layer 7 and the side surface of the electrode 35. Layer 24a is formed. And
- a NiFe film 61 is formed by a sputtering apparatus in order to form the second ferromagnetic layer of the magnetic yoke. Then, a SiO insulating layer 24b is formed on the NiFe film 61 with Si.
- a resist mask 71 is selectively formed by a lithography apparatus. Then, the whole is immersed in a plating bath, and the write wiring 31 is formed into a film by a plating process using the plating base film as an electrode. After plating, the resist mask 71 is removed, and the exposed portion of the plating base film is removed by milling or the like.
- an insulating layer 24c made of the same material as the insulating layers 24a and 24b is formed on the write wiring 31 and the insulating layer 24b by the CVD method.
- a resist mask 72 is selectively formed on the insulating layer 24c.
- the resist mask 72 is formed in a region slightly above the upper surface of the write wiring 31 on the write wiring 31.
- the insulating layers 24b and 24c are not covered with the resist mask 72. After removing the portion by RIE or the like to expose the NiFe film 61, the resist mask 72 is removed.
- a Ru film 62 is formed on the NiFe film 61 and the insulating layers 24b and 24c by a sputtering apparatus.
- a NiFe film 63 is formed on the Ru film 62 by a sputtering apparatus in order to form the first ferromagnetic layer of the magnetic yoke.
- a resist mask 73 is selectively formed by a lithography apparatus.
- the resist mask 73 is formed on the insulating layers 24b and 24c and in a region slightly wider than the upper surfaces of the insulating layers 24b and 24c.
- portions of the NiFe film 61, the Ru film 62, and the NiFe film 63 that are not covered with the resist mask 73 are removed by milling or the like. In this way, the magnetic yoke 5 composed of the first ferromagnetic layer 5a, the second ferromagnetic layer 5b, and the nonmagnetic layer 5c is completed.
- a Ru layer, a CoFe layer, a Ru layer, a CoFe layer, and an A1 layer are sequentially formed by a high vacuum (UHV) DC sputtering device.
- UHV high vacuum
- the A1 layer is oxidized by oxygen plasma to form a tunnel insulating layer (that is, a layer to be the nonmagnetic insulating layer 4e shown in FIGS. 5 and 6), and then a CoFe layer, a Ru layer, A CoFe layer and an IrMn layer are formed.
- the TMR element 4 is formed by ion milling, and the resist mask is removed (FIG. 17).
- the insulating layer 24d having the same material force as the insulating layer 24a is formed into the insulating layer 24a, the magnetic yoke 5, the TMR element 4, and It is formed by the CVD method so as to cover all the readout wiring 33. In this way, the insulating region 24 is formed, and the storage region 3 (storage unit 2) is completed.
- 19 and 20 are cross-sectional views showing configurations of TMR elements 41 and 42 according to modifications, respectively.
- the TMR element 41 includes a nonmagnetic layer 41a, a first magnetic layer 41b, a nonmagnetic layer.
- the magnetic layer 41c, the second magnetic layer 41d, the nonmagnetic insulating layer 41e, the third magnetic layer 41f, the nonmagnetic layer 41g, the fourth magnetic layer 41h, and the antiferromagnetic layer 41i are sequentially stacked.
- the first magnetic layer 41b, the nonmagnetic layer 41c, and the second magnetic layer 41d constitute a magnetosensitive layer (free layer) in this modification.
- the third magnetic layer 4 If, the nonmagnetic layer 41 g, and the fourth magnetic layer 4 lh constitute the fixed layer (pinned layer) in this modification, and the magnetic layer is formed by the antiferromagnetic layer 41 i.
- the direction is fixed.
- the nonmagnetic layer 41c antiferromagnetically couples the first magnetic layer 41b and the second magnetic layer 41d, and the magnetic direction of the first magnetic layer 41b and the magnetic direction of the second magnetic layer 41d Are antiparallel to each other.
- the nonmagnetic layer 41g antiferromagnetically couples the third magnetic layer 41f and the fourth magnetic layer 41h, and the magnetic direction of the third magnetic layer 41f and the magnetic layer of the fourth magnetic layer 41h.
- the directions are antiparallel to each other.
- the TMR element has an antiferromagnetic coupling structure not only in the magnetosensitive layer but also in the fixed layer.
- the magnetosensitive layer of the TMR element 42 is constituted by a part of the first ferromagnetic layer 5 a of the magnetic yoke 5. That is, the TMR 42 is formed by sequentially laminating a first ferromagnetic layer 5a as a magnetosensitive layer, a nonmagnetic insulating layer 42a, a third magnetic layer 42b as a fixed layer, and an antiferromagnetic layer 42c. As a result, the magnetic field generated in the magnetic yoke 5 by the write current can be provided to the magnetosensitive layer of the TMR element 42 more efficiently.
- FIGS. 21 to 23 are diagrams for explaining another modification of the magnetic memory 1 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a plan view of a magnetic yoke 51 according to this modification. As shown in FIG. 21, the planar shape of the magnetic yoke 51 of this modification is a parallelogram. The easy axis direction A of the first ferromagnetic layer 5 la and the second ferromagnetic layer 5 lb of the magnetic yoke 51 is
- FIGS. 22— (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) show how the magnetic field direction is reversed by the write current in the magnetic yoke 51 of this modification. It is the figure represented typically.
- FIG. 22- (f) is a graph showing the change over time in the magnitude of the write current, corresponding to FIGS. 22- (a) to (e). First, in the state where the write current is not flowing, it is shown in Fig. 22 (a). In other words, the magnetic direction S of the first ferromagnetic layer 51a and the magnetic direction S of the second ferromagnetic layer 51b are mutually
- the magnetization directions S and S are respectively the easy axis directions of magnetization of the first ferromagnetic layer 51a and the second ferromagnetic layer 51b.
- FIGS. 23— (a), (b), and (c) show a case where the easy axis direction is substantially perpendicular to the direction of the write current for comparison with the present modification.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing a state in which the magnetic field direction is reversed by a write current (for example, magnetic yoke 5 of the above-described embodiment).
- FIG. 23- (d) is a graph showing the change over time in the magnitude of the write current corresponding to FIGS. 23- (a) to (c).
- the easy axis directions of magnetization of the first ferromagnetic layer 5a and the second ferromagnetic layer 5b are written.
- the write current I required for the magnetization reversal increases according to the initial state of the magnetization directions S and S.
- the easy axis directions of the first ferromagnetic layer 51a and the second ferromagnetic layer 51b are inclined with respect to the direction of the write current I as in this modification, the first ferromagnetic layer 51a and the second ferromagnetic layer 51b are inclined.
- the magnetic memory according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be variously modified.
- the TMR element is used as the magnetoresistive effect element in the above embodiment
- a GMR element using a giant magneto-resistive (GMR) effect may be used.
- the GMR effect is a phenomenon in which the resistance value of the ferromagnetic layer in the direction orthogonal to the stacking direction changes depending on the angle formed by the magnetic directions of the two ferromagnetic layers sandwiching the nonmagnetic layer.
- the TMR element and GMR element have a pseudo-spin valve type that uses the difference in coercive force between the two ferromagnetic layers to perform reading and Z reading, and the magnetic direction of one ferromagnetic layer is antiferromagnetic. There is a spin valve type that is fixed by exchange coupling with the layer.
- Data reading in the GMR element is performed by detecting changes in the resistance value of the ferromagnetic layer in the direction perpendicular to the stacking direction.
- Data writing in the GMR element is performed by reversing the magnetic field direction of one ferromagnetic layer by a magnetic field generated by a write current.
- the present invention can be used for a magnetic memory that stores data in a magnetoresistive element.
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Abstract
Description
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004-287805 | 2004-09-30 | ||
| JP2004287805A JP2006100736A (ja) | 2004-09-30 | 2004-09-30 | 磁気メモリ |
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| WO2006035943A1 true WO2006035943A1 (ja) | 2006-04-06 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/JP2005/018172 Ceased WO2006035943A1 (ja) | 2004-09-30 | 2005-09-30 | 磁気メモリ |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9823373B2 (en) | 2012-11-08 | 2017-11-21 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Acoustic telemetry with distributed acoustic sensing system |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003198001A (ja) * | 2001-12-25 | 2003-07-11 | Tdk Corp | 磁気抵抗効果素子及びこれを用いたメモリ |
| JP2003258209A (ja) * | 2001-12-25 | 2003-09-12 | Tdk Corp | 磁気抵抗効果素子及びこれを用いたメモリ |
| JP2004265905A (ja) * | 2003-01-24 | 2004-09-24 | Tdk Corp | 磁気記憶セルおよび磁気メモリデバイスならびに磁気メモリデバイスの製造方法 |
| WO2004114409A1 (ja) * | 2003-06-20 | 2004-12-29 | Nec Corporation | 磁気ランダムアクセスメモリ |
-
2004
- 2004-09-30 JP JP2004287805A patent/JP2006100736A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003198001A (ja) * | 2001-12-25 | 2003-07-11 | Tdk Corp | 磁気抵抗効果素子及びこれを用いたメモリ |
| JP2003258209A (ja) * | 2001-12-25 | 2003-09-12 | Tdk Corp | 磁気抵抗効果素子及びこれを用いたメモリ |
| JP2004265905A (ja) * | 2003-01-24 | 2004-09-24 | Tdk Corp | 磁気記憶セルおよび磁気メモリデバイスならびに磁気メモリデバイスの製造方法 |
| WO2004114409A1 (ja) * | 2003-06-20 | 2004-12-29 | Nec Corporation | 磁気ランダムアクセスメモリ |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9823373B2 (en) | 2012-11-08 | 2017-11-21 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Acoustic telemetry with distributed acoustic sensing system |
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