WO2006033465A1 - 半導体装置及びその製造方法、並びに処理液 - Google Patents
半導体装置及びその製造方法、並びに処理液 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006033465A1 WO2006033465A1 PCT/JP2005/018049 JP2005018049W WO2006033465A1 WO 2006033465 A1 WO2006033465 A1 WO 2006033465A1 JP 2005018049 W JP2005018049 W JP 2005018049W WO 2006033465 A1 WO2006033465 A1 WO 2006033465A1
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- wiring
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- alloy
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/52—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames
- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
- H01L23/532—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body characterised by the materials
- H01L23/53204—Conductive materials
- H01L23/53209—Conductive materials based on metals, e.g. alloys, metal silicides
- H01L23/53228—Conductive materials based on metals, e.g. alloys, metal silicides the principal metal being copper
- H01L23/53238—Additional layers associated with copper layers, e.g. adhesion, barrier, cladding layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/48—Coating with alloys
- C23C18/50—Coating with alloys with alloys based on iron, cobalt or nickel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly, a bottom surface of an embedded wiring formed by embedding a wiring material (conductor) such as copper or silver in a wiring recess provided on the surface of a substrate such as a semiconductor wafer.
- a wiring material such as copper or silver
- a conductive film having a function of preventing thermal diffusion of the wiring material into the interlayer insulating film or a function of improving the adhesion between the wiring and the interlayer insulating film, a magnetic film covering the wiring, etc.
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device having a wiring protective film and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the present invention also relates to a processing solution used for manufacturing such a semiconductor device.
- CM chemical mechanical polishing
- this type of wiring for example, copper wiring using copper as the wiring material, prevents thermal diffusion of the wiring (copper) to the interlayer insulation film and improves electromigration resistance to improve reliability.
- Forming a barrier layer on the bottom and side surfaces of the wiring, and then laminating an insulating film (oxide film) to oxidize the wiring (copper) in an oxidizing atmosphere when making a semiconductor device having a multilayer wiring structure In order to prevent this, a method such as forming an anti-oxidation film is employed.
- metals such as tantalum, titanium, tungsten or ruthenium or nitrides thereof have been generally used as this type of barrier layer.
- silicon nitride, silicon carbide, etc. were generally used as the antioxidant film.
- the wiring protective film made of cobalt alloy, nickel alloy or the like selectively covers the bottom and side surfaces or the exposed surface of the embedded wiring, and the thermal diffusion of the wiring. Prevention of electromigration and oxidation has been investigated.
- the memory cell density is increased and the design rule is reduced, the current density of the copper wiring increases and the electromigration problem arises.
- this write has the problem that the cell approaches and does not crosstalk.
- the YOKE structure with a magnetic film such as a cobalt alloy or nickel alloy around the copper wiring is considered effective. This magnetic film is obtained, for example, by electroless plating.
- a wiring recess 4 of the insulating film 2 made of S i O 2 or the like deposited on the surface of the substrate W such as a semiconductor wafer, composed of T a N or the like on the surface barrier After forming the layer 6, for example, copper plating is performed, a copper film is formed on the surface of the substrate W, and copper is embedded in the wiring recess 4. Thereafter, CMP (chemical mechanical polishing) is performed on the surface of the substrate W to planarize it, thereby forming a wiring 8 made of a copper film inside the insulating film 2. Then, on the surface of the wiring (copper film) 8, a wiring protective film (cover material) 9 made of a Co WP alloy, for example, obtained by electroless plating is selectively formed to protect the wiring 8 .
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- a process of selectively forming such a wiring protective film (covering material) 9 made of a CoWP alloy on the surface of the wiring 8 by general electroless plating will be described.
- a substrate W such as a semiconductor wafer subjected to CMP processing is immersed in, for example, room temperature dilute sulfuric acid for about 1 minute to remove the wiring metal oxide film formed on the surface of the wiring.
- a cleaning solution such as pure water
- the substrate W is immersed in, for example, a room temperature PdC 1 2 / HC 1 mixed solution for about 1 minute.
- the exposed surface of the wiring 8 is activated by attaching Pd as a catalyst.
- the substrate W is immersed in a Co WP plating solution having a temperature of 80 ° C. for about 120 seconds for activation.
- the surface of the wiring 8 is subjected to selective electroless plating, and then the surface of the substrate W is cleaned with a cleaning solution such as pure water.
- a wiring protective film 9 made of a CoWP alloy film is selectively formed on the exposed surface of the wiring 8 to protect the wiring 8. Disclosure of the invention
- the H protective film (cover material) made of Co WP alloy formed by electroless plating has a function as an anti-oxidation film and a function as a copper diffusion-preventing film. Sometimes required. In order to obtain such a function, wiring protection film It is necessary to increase the film thickness to some extent, but if this film thickness becomes too thick, it will be an obstacle to lowering resistance by adopting copper wiring. Electroless plating has a correlation between the material supply speed and the plating speed. The plating speed depends on the width of the wiring pattern and the density of the distribution. For example, the place where the wiring pattern is rough is used. The plating film (alloy film) tends to be thicker than where the wiring pattern is dense. Therefore, it is required to protect the wiring by forming a plating film (alloy film) with a more uniform film thickness over the entire area of the substrate and the like without depending on the density of the wiring pattern.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances. For example, an alloy film having a minimum necessary thickness that has a diffusion preventing effect on oxygen and copper is reduced over the entire area of the substrate while reducing the dependency on the wiring pattern. It is an object of the present invention to provide a semiconductor device formed with a more uniform film thickness and protecting the wiring, a manufacturing method thereof, and a processing liquid used for manufacturing the semiconductor device.
- the semiconductor device of the present invention includes tungsten or molybdenum at least partially around the embedded wiring formed by embedding a wiring material in a wiring recess formed in an insulator on a substrate.
- An alloy film containing 1 to 9 atomic%, 3 to 12 at 0 mi C % of phosphorus or boron was formed by electroless plating.
- the alloy film that is included depends on the density of the wiring pattern during the reaction, causing a difference in the supply rate, suppressing the difference in the film formation rate, A uniform film thickness is formed over the entire area. As a result, the wiring and the like can be protected with an alloy film formed with a more uniform film thickness over the entire area of the substrate and the like while reducing the dependency on the wiring pattern.
- W or Mo in the alloy film, the thermal stability of the alloy film is increased, and impurities such as oxygen and copper can be prevented from permeating and diffusing through the alloy film. .
- the alloy film By containing 3 to 12 atomic% of P (phosphorus) or B (boron) in the alloy film, the alloy film becomes amorphous or microcrystallized. For this reason, an alloy film having a good surface roughness can be formed with electroless adhesion without being substantially affected by the orientation of the substrate. In addition, it may be difficult for other impurities to move through the alloy film, or P may be stabilized by bonding with impurities or wiring metal, such as copper, which may cause impurities or wiring metal to be stabilized. Diffusion can be prevented.
- the alloy film is selectively formed on the exposed surface of the embedded wiring.
- the wiring becomes large. It can be prevented from being exposed to the atmosphere and altered by oxidation, etc., and the strength can also improve the adhesion between the wiring and an insulating film such as an anti-oxidation film laminated thereon via the alloy film. it can.
- Current anti-oxidation films are generally made of Si NS i C, which has a slightly higher dielectric constant of 4-7, but by selectively forming an alloy film on the exposed surface of the wiring, Si N Instead of materials such as SiC and SiC, it is possible to use a low-dielectric constant but low-permittivity material as the anti-oxidation film.
- An interlayer insulating film can be directly laminated on the substrate. This can further reduce the effective dielectric constant between the wires.
- the alloy film may be formed on a bottom surface and a side surface of the embedded wiring.
- the thermal diffusion prevention film formed on the bottom and side of the wiring is mainly made of Ti, Ta, W, Ru or its nitride or silicon nitride formed by PVD, CVD, ALD method. Yes.
- This thermal diffusion prevention film with an alloy film formed by using an electroless plating method that is a wet process, it is possible to eliminate the need for a vacuum evacuation facility or the like and to reduce capital investment.
- wet process wet process
- the process can be continuously performed, thereby facilitating process management.
- the wiring material is made of copper, copper alloy, silver, silver alloy, gold or gold alloy.
- the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device includes a pretreatment for plating on a base surface, and a monolayer concentration of tungsten or molybdenum when the molar concentration of nickel or cobalt is set to 1 on the base surface after the plating pretreatment.
- a pretreatment for plating on a base surface and a monolayer concentration of tungsten or molybdenum when the molar concentration of nickel or cobalt is set to 1 on the base surface after the plating pretreatment.
- a component concentration ratio in which the molar concentration of the reducing agent containing phosphorus or poron is 1 to 15 and pH is 8.0 to 9.5
- An alloy film is formed by bringing the treatment liquid into contact therewith.
- the alloy film deposited by the plating reaction contains 1 to 9 a toni C % of W or Mo, and a difference occurs in the supply speed depending on the density of the wiring pattern during the plating reaction.
- the alloy film can be provided with a function as an anti-oxidation film or a wiring metal diffusion-preventing film. In some cases, a compound is formed by the alloy film and impurities, and this can promote the function of the alloy film as an anti-oxidation film or the like.
- pre-plating treatment on the surface of a buried wiring formed by embedding a spring material in a wiring recess formed in an insulator on the substrate.
- the sodium content in the treatment liquid is preferably 1 g ZL or less.
- alkali metal salt or ammine salt is used for each component of electroless plating solution, and KO H, NaOH, Ca (OH) 2 , ammonia or TMAH (tetramethyl hydroxide) is used as pH adjuster.
- sodium diffuses into the semiconductor element, it changes the characteristics of the semiconductor element. Sodium, for example, is more likely to form a stable complex with a counterion than potassium, and precipitates are likely to form (lower solubility) when the liquid temperature is lowered. For this reason, it is possible to provide a stable process by reducing the sodium content in the treatment solution used for electroless plating to 1 g ZL or less and introducing potassium instead.
- the content of ammonia or salt thereof and Z or organic alkali or salt thereof in the treatment liquid is preferably 0.1 mol / L or less.
- each component of the electroless plating solution is an Al metal salt or an ammine salt
- the pH adjusting agent is KO H, NaOH, Ca (OH) 2 , ammonia or TMAH.
- An organic alkali aqueous solution is used.
- the ammo air forms a stable complex with the metal in the plating solution and prevents the start of the reaction, resulting in a shortened life of the plating solution.
- AMMOYUA may complicate liquid management due to the need for research. Therefore, the content of ammonia or its salt and / or organic alcohol or its salt in the processing solution used for electroless plating is ⁇ . I molZ L or less, and potassium is introduced as a counter ion By doing so, it becomes possible to provide a stable process.
- the temperature at which the treatment liquid comes into contact with the base surface is 50 to 90 degrees.
- the temperature of the treatment liquid at the time of contact with the substrate surface is set to 50 to 90 degrees, the reactivity of the treatment liquid is made constant, and the alloy film excellent in in-plane film thickness uniformity. (Me Can be obtained.
- the temperature of this treatment liquid is more preferably 60 to 75 degrees.
- the tungsten concentration of molybdenum or molybdenum is 0.5 to 4.0, and the molar concentration of the reducing agent containing phosphorus or boron is 1-1.
- the component concentration ratio was 5, and the pH was 8.0 to 9.5.
- the content of sodium in the treatment liquid is preferably 1 g / L or less.
- the content of ammonia or a salt thereof and / or an organic alcohol or a salt thereof in the treatment solution is preferably 0.1 mol mol or less.
- the treatment liquid contains citrate or tartrate, and boric acid or tetraborate.
- the metal complexing agent contains carboxylic acids such as citrate and tartaric acid, and citrate or tartrate that does not contain a lot of ammonia, so that the shape of the complex changes when heated continuously. And stable deposition can be performed.
- carboxylic acids such as citrate and tartaric acid, and citrate or tartrate that does not contain a lot of ammonia, so that the shape of the complex changes when heated continuously. And stable deposition can be performed.
- boric acid and tetraborate have a buffering action at the reaction interface in a bath in which almost no ammonia is present; thus, a stable plating reaction can be obtained by containing boric acid or tetraborate. Can do.
- the citrate or the tartrate has a force lime as a counter ion
- the tetraborate also has a force rum as a counter ion.
- Cyanates having sodium as a counter ion generally have low solubility and may crystallize in the processing solution.
- citrates having ammonia as a counter ion generally have a low boiling point, and therefore volatilize during heating, making liquid management complicated.
- potassium as a counter ion such as citrate, stable plating can be performed with good reproducibility.
- the treatment liquid preferably further contains a phosphinate.
- phosphinic acid hypophosphorous acid
- DMA B dimethylamine borane
- hydrazine and the like are generally known as electroless reducing agents.
- DMA B dimethylamineborane
- phosphinic acid is relatively stable. By using this as a reducing agent, the life of the liquid can be extended.
- the phosphinic acid salt is preferably an aqueous solution of phosphinic acid whose counter ion is a hydrogen ion.
- phosphinic acid hypophosphorous acid
- sodium phosphinate and ammonium phosphinate are generally known.
- these salts as described above, there are problems of solubility and semiconductor contamination (sodium) and bath life (ammonia). Therefore, by using an aqueous solution of phosphinic acid (hypophosphorous acid): H 3 PO 2 that does not contain a counter ion (the counter ion is a hydrogen ion), a bath that can cope with the above problems can be made.
- an alloy having a minimum required film thickness that has a diffusion preventing effect on oxygen or copper, for example is formed with a more uniform film thickness over the entire area of the substrate while reducing the dependency on the wiring pattern.
- the wiring can be protected by the film.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a wiring protective film is formed by electroless plating.
- FIGS. 2A to 2C are diagrams showing, in order of processes, the CMP process of the copper wiring formation example in the semiconductor device.
- FIGS. 3A to 3C are views showing the order after the CMP process of the copper wiring formation example in the semiconductor device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a plan layout view showing an example of a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus.
- FIG. 5A is a plan view showing isolated wirings formed on the sample in the example
- FIG. 5B is a plan view showing dense wirings formed on the sample in the example.
- FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the alloy film formed on the surface of the isolated wiring in the example
- FIG. 6B schematically shows the alloy film formed on the surface of the dense wiring in the example. It is sectional drawing.
- the exposed surface of the wiring made of copper as the plating base is selectively covered with a wiring protective film (cover material) made of CoWP alloy, and the wiring (plating base) is covered with the wiring protective film (alloy film).
- a wiring protective film cover material made of CoWP alloy
- the wiring (plating base) is covered with the wiring protective film (alloy film).
- FIG. 2A to 2C show, in order of process, the CMP process of the copper wiring formation example in the semiconductor device.
- the semiconductor element for example, absolute, such as S i O 2 of an oxide film or L ow- k material film
- Edge film (interlayer insulating film) 4 2 is deposited, and the inside of this insulating film 4 2 is, for example, lithographic. Form.
- a barrier layer 45 made of TaN or the like is formed thereon, and a seed layer 46 as a power supply layer with electrolysis is formed thereon by sputtering or the like.
- the exposed surface of the wiring 48 formed on the substrate W as described above is selectively covered with a wiring protective film 50 made of a CoWP alloy as shown in FIG. 3A.
- an anti-oxidation film 52 such as SiN or SiC is formed on the surface of the substrate W as shown in FIG. 3B.
- this antioxidant film 5 second surface for example, S i 0 2 and S i OF like insulating film (interlayer insulating film) 5 4 are stacked, the multilayer wiring structure Like to do.
- the wiring protective film 50 is made of a CoWP alloy containing 1 to 9 atomic% of W (tungsten) and 3 to 12 atomic% of P (phosphorus).
- the Co WP alloy film containing 1 to 9 atomic% of W causes a difference in supply rate depending on the density of the wiring pattern during the reaction, resulting in a difference in film formation rate.
- the film is formed with a more uniform film thickness over the entire area of the substrate W by electroless plating while suppressing the above.
- the exposed surface of the wiring 48 is formed with a wiring protective film (alloy film) 50 formed with a more uniform film thickness over the entire area of the substrate W while reducing the dependency on the wiring pattern.
- the wiring 48 can be protected by being selectively covered.
- the inclusion of W in the wiring protective film 50 increases the thermal stability of the wiring protective film 50 and prevents impurities such as oxygen and copper from penetrating through the wiring protective film 50 and diffusing. Can be prevented.
- I CP -emission spectroscopy is used for the composition analysis of the alloy film.
- the alloy film is amorphous or microcrystallized. For this reason, it is possible to form the wiring protective film 50 having a good surface roughness with no electrolysis adhesion, almost without being affected by the orientation of the wiring 48 as the base. Furthermore, it may be difficult for other impurities to move through the wiring protective film 50, and P may be stabilized by bonding with impurities or wiring metal such as copper. It is possible to prevent the wiring metal from diffusing. In this way, the exposed surface of the wiring 48 is selected by the wiring protective film 50 made of CoWP alloy.
- the wiring 4 8 By selectively covering and protecting the wiring 4 8, it is possible to prevent the wiring 4 8 from being exposed to the atmosphere and being deteriorated by oxidation or the like. Moreover, the wiring 4 8 can be protected via the wiring protective film 50. It is possible to improve the adhesion between the insulating film such as the antioxidant film 52 and the like laminated thereon.
- the anti-oxidation film 52 is generally formed of SiN or SiC having a slightly higher dielectric constant of 4 to 7, but the wiring protective film (alloy film) is formed on the exposed surface of the wiring 48.
- the insulating film (interlayer insulating film) 54 can be laminated directly on the alloy film 50 by eliminating the antioxidant film 52. As a result, the effective dielectric constant between the wirings 48 can be further reduced.
- the wiring protective film 50 is made of Co WP alloy, but Ni is substituted for Co, Mo (molybdenum) is substituted for W, and B (boron is substituted for P). ) May be used respectively.
- a barrier layer 45 made of TaN or the like is formed on the bottom and side surfaces of the wiring 48.
- the barrier layer 45 may be made of a Co PW alloy formed by electroless plating as described above.
- the barrier layer 45 as a thermal diffusion prevention film is composed of a Co WP alloy film formed using the electroless plating method, which is a wet process, thereby eliminating the need for vacuum evacuation equipment and the like. Capital investment can be reduced.
- wet processing wet processing
- continuous processing is possible, which makes it easy to manage the process. Become.
- the wiring material for example, copper alloy, silver, silver alloy, gold or gold alloy is used in addition to copper.
- Various wiring metals are conceivable, but semiconductor devices that are required to protect wiring with an alloy film formed by electroless plating are generally limited to highly integrated devices.
- copper, a copper alloy, silver, a silver alloy, gold, or a gold alloy as a wiring material for a highly integrated semiconductor device in this manner, the speed and density of the semiconductor device can be increased.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus used to selectively form a wiring protective film (alloy film) 50 on the exposed surface of the wiring 48 as shown in FIG. 3A.
- this semiconductor manufacturing apparatus is provided with a load / unload unit 12 for placing and accommodating a substrate cassette 10 accommodating a substrate on which wiring 48 is formed.
- Electroless fittings 2 2 for forming 50 are arranged in series.
- Post-processing unit 2 4 which performs post-processing of the substrate to improve the selectivity of the wiring protective film 50 formed on the surface of the substrate by electroless angle plating at the position along the other long side of the housing 16
- a film thickness measuring unit 30 for measuring the film thickness of the dry unit 26 for drying the post-processed substrate 26, the heat process unit 28 for performing the heat treatment (anneal) on the substrate W after drying, and the wiring protective film 50 are connected in series. Is arranged. Furthermore, it can run along the rail 3 2 in parallel with the long side of the housing 16, and the substrate can be moved between each of these units and the substrate cassette 10 mounted in the load / unload unit 1 2. Transfer robot for delivery 3 4 Forces Placed between the linearly arranged units.
- the housing 16 is subjected to a light shielding process, so that the following steps in the housing 16 can be performed in a light-shielded state, that is, without light such as illumination light hitting the wiring. It ’s like that.
- a light-shielded state that is, without light such as illumination light hitting the wiring. It ’s like that.
- a cleaning treatment chemical cleaning
- a chemical solution such as diluted oxalic acid is sprayed toward the surface of the substrate W, and the remaining CMP such as copper remaining on the surface of the insulating film 42 or the wiring 48
- the cleaning liquid remaining on the surface of the substrate W is rinsed (cleaned) with a rinse solution such as pure water.
- Chemicals used here include inorganic acids such as hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acid with a pH of 2 or less, and formic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, citrate, maleic acid, salicylic acid, etc. Acid having a pH of 5 or less, and a halide, a carboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, an oxycarboxylic acid and a chelating agent such as a water-soluble salt thereof are added.
- CMP residues and wiring (under plating) Ground) It is possible to remove surface oxides and improve plating selectivity and adhesion to the substrate.
- the substrate W after the cleaning process and the rinsing process is transported to the second pretreatment unit 20 by the transport robot 34, where the substrate W is held face down and the catalyst is applied to the surface.
- a mixed solution such as P d C 1 2 / HC 1 is sprayed toward the surface of the substrate W, and as a result, P d as a catalyst is applied to the surface of the wiring 48.
- Pd nuclei as catalyst nuclei (seed) are formed on the surface of the wiring 48, and the exposed surface of the surface wiring of the self-wire 48 is activated.
- the catalyst chemical solution remaining on the surface of the substrate W is rinsed (washed) with a rinse solution such as pure water.
- the substrate W which has been provided with the catalyst and rinsed, is transferred to the electroless plating unit 22 by the transfer robot 34, where the substrate W is held face down, and the surface is subjected to electroless plating.
- the substrate W is immersed in a Co WP solution (treatment solution) with a liquid temperature of 80 ° C for about 120 seconds, for example, on the surface of the activated wiring 48.
- a wiring protection film (alloy film) 50 is selectively formed by selective electroless plating (with electroless C o WP lid).
- the wiring protective film (alloy film) 50 deposited by the plating reaction contains W in an amount of 1 to 9 atomic%, and there is a difference in the supply rate depending on the density of the wiring pattern during the plating reaction. As a result, it is possible to suppress the difference in film formation rate as a result, and to increase the thermal stability of the wiring protective film 50, so that impurities such as oxygen and copper are added to the hot spring protective film 50. Transmission and diffusion can be prevented. Further, by containing 3 to 12 atomic% of P in the wiring protective film 50 deposited by the plating reaction and allowing P to exist around Co, impurities can be exposed to the outside of the wiring protective film 50.
- the wiring protective film 50 can be provided with a function as an antioxidant film or a wiring metal diffusion preventing film.
- a compound is formed by the wiring protective film 50 and impurities, and this can promote the function of the wiring protective film 50 as an antioxidant film or the like.
- the content of sodium in the treatment liquid is preferably 1 g / L or less,
- the content of ammonia or a salt thereof and / or organic alcohol or a salt thereof is preferably 0.1 mol mol or less.
- alkali metal salt and ammine salt are used for each component of electroless plating solution
- ⁇ ⁇ adjuster is KO H, NaOH, C a (OH) 2 , ammonia or TMAH (water oxidation)
- An aqueous solution of organic alcohol such as tetramethylamine is used.
- organic alcohol such as tetramethylamine
- MONMONIA forms a stable complex with the metal in the plating solution and hinders the start of the reaction, resulting in not only shortening the life of the plating solution, but also volatilization. May be complicated.
- the content of sodium in the treatment liquid is set to 1 g / L or less, and instead of introducing potassium or the like, the content of ammonia salt and / or tetramethylammonium hydroxide is reduced to 0.
- the treatment liquid preferably contains taenoate or tartrate, and folic acid or tetrafolate.
- boric acid and tetraborate have a pH buffering action at the reaction interface in a bath in which almost no ammonia is present.
- boric acid or tetraborate By containing boric acid or tetraborate, a stable plating reaction can be obtained. .
- the citrate or the tartrate has potassium as a counter ion
- the tetraborate also has potassium as a counter ion.
- Cyanates having sodium as a counter ion generally have low solubility and may crystallize in the processing solution.
- citrates having ammonia as a counter ion generally have a low boiling point, and thus volatilize during heating, making liquid management complicated.
- potassium as a counter ion such as citrate, stable plating can be performed with good reproducibility.
- the treatment liquid preferably further contains a phosphinate.
- phosphinic acid hypophosphorous acid
- phosphinic acid mainly acts as a reducing agent.
- DMA B dimethylamine porane
- hydrazine a reducing agent
- DMA B dimethylamine poran
- hydra Gin a reducing agent
- phosphinic acid is relatively stable, and by using it as a reducing agent, the life of the liquid can be prolonged.
- organic substances called stabilizers may be introduced into the liquid.
- sulfur-containing organic substances such as thiodipropionic acid, thiodiglycolic acid, thiourea, 2-aminothiazole, and mercaptobenzothiothiazole are introduced at 100 ppm or less, and bipyridyl and phenant mouths are introduced.
- nitrogen-containing organic substances such as phosphorus, the life of the electroless plating solution containing Co, Ni, Cu, etc. as the main metal ion species can be extended.
- the phosphinic acid salt is preferably an aqueous solution of phosphinic acid whose counter ion is a hydrogen ion.
- phosphinic acid (hypophosphorous acid) ion supply salt sodium phosphinate or ammonium phosphinate is generally known.
- these salts have solubility and semiconductor contamination problems (sodium) and bath life problems (ammonia). Therefore, by using an aqueous solution of phosphinic acid (hypophosphorous acid): H 3 P 0 2 that does not contain a counter ion (the counter ion is a hydrogen ion), a bath that can cope with the above problems is created. Can do.
- the deposition rate of the wiring protective film (alloy film) 50 by electroless plating is 1 to 40 nm per minute. Since the deposition rate is directly related to productivity, it cannot be slowed down too much. On the other hand, if it is too fast, the uniformity and reproducibility of the distribution spring protective film 50 cannot be secured.
- the wiring protective film 50 needs to have a film thickness of at least about 5 nm for that purpose, and is not more than about 50 nm from the viewpoint of minimizing the increase in wiring resistance. Is required. In this case, the film formation rate is generally 1 to 40 nm per minute, preferably 2 to 10 nm per minute.
- the temperature at which the processing liquid contacts the surface of the wiring 48, which is the plating base is 50 to 90 degrees C. This makes the reactivity of the processing liquid constant.
- a wiring protective film (alloy film) 50 having excellent in-plane film thickness uniformity can be obtained.
- the temperature of this treatment liquid is more preferably 60 to 75 degrees.
- the wiring protective film 50 that selectively covers the exposed surface of the wiring 48 and protects the wiring 48, all of which are heated.
- a plating solution with a liquid temperature of 50 ° C or lower if a plating solution with a liquid temperature of 50 ° C or lower is used, a sufficient film forming speed cannot be obtained. If a plating liquid with a liquid temperature of 90 ° C or higher is used, the film forming speed is high. It is difficult to perform stable film formation because of excessive evaporation and excessive water evaporation. For this reason, the substrate is brought into contact with a plating solution set at a liquid temperature of 50 to 90 ° C as the substrate temperature, By performing film formation by plating, film formation with good reproducibility can be performed.
- a stop solution made of a neutral solution having a pH of 6 to 7.5 is brought into contact with the surface of the substrate W to stop the electroless plating process.
- This treatment time is preferably 1 to 5 seconds, for example.
- the stop liquid include pure water, hydrogen gas-dissolved water, and electrolytic sword water. Similar to the above, depending on the material composition of the surface, the wiring material may corrode due to the action of local batteries, etc. In such a case, by stopping the plating with ultrapure water with reducing properties, Such harmful effects can be avoided.
- rinsing liquid is rinsed (cleaned) with a rinsing liquid such as pure water to remain on the surface of the substrate.
- a wiring protective film 50 made of a Co WP alloy film is selectively formed on the surface of the wiring 48 to protect the wiring 48.
- the substrate W after the electroless plating process is transferred to the post-processing unit 24 by the transfer robot 34, where the wiring protective film (alloy film) 50 formed on the surface of the substrate W is selected.
- a post-plating process is performed to improve the yield and increase the yield.
- a chemical solution containing one or more of a surfactant, an organic alkali and a chelating agent is added to the substrate W.
- the plating residue such as metal fine particles on the interlayer insulating film 42 is completely removed, and the plating selectivity is improved.
- the surfactant is preferably nonionic
- the organic alkali is preferably quaternary ammonium or ammine
- the chelating agent is preferably ethylenediamine or organic acid.
- the chemical solution remaining on the surface of the substrate W is rinsed (washed) with a rinse solution such as pure water.
- a rinse solution such as pure water.
- the rinse liquid include pure water, hydrogen gas-dissolved water, and electrolytic sword water.
- the wiring material may corrode due to the action of local batteries, etc.In such a case, rinsing with ultrapure water with reducing properties can This can avoid harmful effects.
- the post-processed substrate W is transported to the drying unit 26 by the transport robot 34 and rinsed as necessary, and then the substrate W is rotated at high speed and spin-dried.
- a series of processes for forming the wiring protective film 50 by electroless bonding can be continuously performed on the exposed surface of the embedded wiring 48 formed on the surface of the substrate W, and the substrate is brought to a dry state. Since it is finished, not only can it be transferred to the next process as it is, but also the deterioration of the wiring protective film (alloy film) 50 until the next process can be suppressed.
- the substrate W after the spin drying is transferred to the heat treatment unit 28 by the transfer robot 34, and here, the substrate W after the post treatment is subjected to a heat treatment (anneal) for modifying the wiring protective film 50.
- the temperature required for reforming the wiring protective film 50 is at least 120 ° C or higher when considering the actual processing time, and considering the heat resistance of the material constituting the device, 4 5 It is desirable not to exceed 0 ° C. For this reason, the temperature of this heat treatment (anneal) is, for example, 120 to 45 ° C.
- the substrate W after the heat treatment is transferred to a film thickness measuring unit 30 such as an optical type, AFM, EDX, etc. by a transfer robot 34, and the wiring 48 is connected to the film thickness measuring unit 30. Measure the film thickness of the wiring protection film 50 formed on the surface, and load the substrate W after this film thickness measurement with the transport robot 3 4 ⁇ Return to the substrate cassette 10 mounted on the unload unit 1 2 .
- a film thickness measuring unit 30 such as an optical type, AFM, EDX, etc.
- the measurement result obtained by measuring the thickness of the wiring protective film 50 formed on the exposed surface of the wiring 48 on-line or off-line is fed back before the electroless plating process.
- the processing time of the plating process for the next substrate is adjusted according to the change in the film thickness.
- the film thickness of the wiring protective film 50 formed on the exposed surface of the wiring 48 can be controlled to be constant.
- the wiring protective film 50 When selectively forming the wiring protective film 50 on the exposed surface of the wiring 48, prior to the process of cleaning the exposed surface of the wiring 48, chemical mechanical polishing, electrochemical polishing, or combined electrochemical polishing. It is preferable to planarize the exposed surface of the wiring 48 by any of the above, whereby the wiring protective film 50 can be further planarized.
- a CoWP alloy film is formed using a CoWP electroless plating solution, but Ni is substituted for Co and Mo is substituted for W. And B may be used instead of P, respectively.
- Figure 5A shows an isolated wiring 62 made of copper with a length of 0.25 m and a straight line between pads 60 and 60 with a width of 0.25 m, and a wiring width of 0.25 ⁇ m shown in Figure 5B.
- a 20 Omm wafer was prepared as a sample, which was placed in parallel at an interval of 0.25 // m and a mixture of dense wiring 66 made of copper with a length of about 300 mm connecting the pads 64 and 64.
- These wirings 62 and 66 were formed by forming a barrier layer made of Ta and a copper seed layer by sputtering, embedding copper with electrolytic plating, and then performing CMP treatment to planarize the wiring. .
- the sample was cleaved, and the sample was immersed in room temperature oxalic acid (2 wt%) for 1 minute, then washed with pure water, and 0.1 gZL: P dC 1 2 and 0. It was immersed in a mixed solution of 1M: HC 1 for 30 seconds. Thereafter, it was washed with pure water and immersed in a plating solution (treatment solution) having the following composition and heated for 2 minutes to form an alloy film (distribution spring protective film) on the surface of the wiring. Thereafter, it was washed with pure water and dried. The cross section of the sample after this treatment was evaluated by SEM.
- the film thickness of the alloy film was calculated as the film thickness where the portion protruding from the surface of the interlayer insulating film was formed.
- the composition of the alloy film was measured by dissolving the sample with aqua regia and then using the ICP-emission analysis method.
- an alloy film 68 with a film thickness of 40 nm is formed on the surface, and in the dense wiring 66, as shown in FIG. 6B.
- This film thickness ratio is a much improved value compared to the conventional example (eg, about 6.5: 1).
- Example 1 Prepare the same sample as in Example 1 and use the plating solution (treatment solution) with the following composition to form an alloy film (wiring protective film) on the surface of the wiring under the same conditions as in Example 1 Then, the thickness of the alloy film and the composition of the alloy film were determined.
- the film thickness t of the alloy film 68 formed on the surface of the isolated wiring 62 shown in FIG. 6A is 100 nm
- the alloy film 70 formed on the surface of the dense wiring 66 shown in FIG. the film thickness t 2 20 nm
- This film thickness ratio is an improved value compared to the conventional example (eg, about 6.5: 1).
- the present invention has a function of preventing thermal diffusion of wiring material into an interlayer insulating film on the bottom and side surfaces or an exposed surface of an embedded wiring formed by embedding a wiring material in a wiring recess provided on the surface of the substrate.
- it is useful as a semiconductor device in which a conductive film having a function of improving the adhesion between the wiring and the interlayer insulating film or a wiring protective film such as a magnetic film covering the wiring is formed. Used.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
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US11/663,351 US20080067679A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2005-09-22 | Semiconductor Device and Method for Manufacturing the Same, and Processing Liquid |
US12/629,332 US20100075498A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2009-12-02 | Semiconductor device and method for manufacturing the same, and processing liquid |
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JP2004-276109 | 2004-09-22 | ||
JP2004276109A JP2006093357A (ja) | 2004-09-22 | 2004-09-22 | 半導体装置及びその製造方法、並びに処理液 |
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US12/629,332 Division US20100075498A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2009-12-02 | Semiconductor device and method for manufacturing the same, and processing liquid |
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US20090291275A1 (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-11-26 | Jinhong Tong | Methods For Improving Selectivity of Electroless Deposition Processes |
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US7915169B2 (en) * | 2007-11-02 | 2011-03-29 | Spansion Llc | Processes for forming electronic devices including polishing metal-containing layers |
JP2009251082A (ja) * | 2008-04-02 | 2009-10-29 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 電鋳金型およびホログラムの製造方法 |
JP5377489B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-18 | 2013-12-25 | 株式会社アルバック | Cu配線膜の形成方法 |
CN103342986B (zh) | 2008-12-11 | 2015-01-07 | 日立化成株式会社 | Cmp用研磨液以及使用该研磨液的研磨方法 |
JP5648567B2 (ja) * | 2010-05-07 | 2015-01-07 | 日立化成株式会社 | Cmp用研磨液及びこれを用いた研磨方法 |
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JP5852303B2 (ja) * | 2010-06-30 | 2016-02-03 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 金属膜表面の酸化防止方法及び酸化防止液 |
US20130112462A1 (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2013-05-09 | International Business Machines Corporation | Metal Alloy Cap Integration |
US8492274B2 (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2013-07-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | Metal alloy cap integration |
US9490209B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2016-11-08 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Electro-migration barrier for Cu interconnect |
US10246778B2 (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2019-04-02 | Macdermid Acumen, Inc. | Electroless nickel plating solution and method |
US9428836B2 (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2016-08-30 | Lam Research Corporation | Electroless deposition of continuous cobalt layer using complexed Ti3+ metal ions as reducing agents |
US9899234B2 (en) | 2014-06-30 | 2018-02-20 | Lam Research Corporation | Liner and barrier applications for subtractive metal integration |
US9865673B2 (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2018-01-09 | International Business Machines Corporation | High resistivity soft magnetic material for miniaturized power converter |
US10504777B2 (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2019-12-10 | Raytheon Company | Method of manufacturing wafer level low melting temperature interconnections |
US20210371985A1 (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2021-12-02 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Electroless nickel plating solution |
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Also Published As
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US20100075498A1 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
JP2006093357A (ja) | 2006-04-06 |
US20080067679A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
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