WO2006008068A1 - Verwendug von polymeren für up-conversion und vorrichtungen zur up-conversion - Google Patents
Verwendug von polymeren für up-conversion und vorrichtungen zur up-conversion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006008068A1 WO2006008068A1 PCT/EP2005/007671 EP2005007671W WO2006008068A1 WO 2006008068 A1 WO2006008068 A1 WO 2006008068A1 EP 2005007671 W EP2005007671 W EP 2005007671W WO 2006008068 A1 WO2006008068 A1 WO 2006008068A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- systems
- sensitizer
- aromatic ring
- ring systems
- Prior art date
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 63
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- ICPSWZFVWAPUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-spirobi[fluorene] Chemical class C1=CC=C2C=C3C4(C=5C(C6=CC=CC=C6C=5)=CC=C4)C=CC=C3C2=C1 ICPSWZFVWAPUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001140 1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:2])=C([H])C([H])=C1[*:1] 0.000 claims description 2
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims 1
- -1 palladium porphyrin Chemical class 0.000 description 35
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VFMUXPQZKOKPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21,23-dihydroporphyrin platinum Chemical compound [Pt].CCc1c(CC)c2cc3[nH]c(cc4nc(cc5[nH]c(cc1n2)c(CC)c5CC)c(CC)c4CC)c(CC)c3CC VFMUXPQZKOKPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPRDEIDCAUHOJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pt].N1C(C=C2N=C(C=C3NC(=C4)C=C3)C=C2)=CC=C1C=C1C=CC4=N1 Chemical compound [Pt].N1C(C=C2N=C(C=C3NC(=C4)C=C3)C=C2)=CC=C1C=C1C=CC4=N1 NPRDEIDCAUHOJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- CUFNKYGDVFVPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azulene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC2=C1 CUFNKYGDVFVPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 2
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002220 fluorenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- HCIIFBHDBOCSAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octaethylporphyrin Chemical compound N1C(C=C2C(=C(CC)C(C=C3C(=C(CC)C(=C4)N3)CC)=N2)CC)=C(CC)C(CC)=C1C=C1C(CC)=C(CC)C4=N1 HCIIFBHDBOCSAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[6-(trimethylazaniumyl)hexyl]azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004206 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000004105 2-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003349 3-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000339 4-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- BRUOAURMAFDGLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-dibromoanthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(Br)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C(Br)C2=C1 BRUOAURMAFDGLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNFCXVRWFNAHQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9'-spirobi[fluorene] Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C21 SNFCXVRWFNAHQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJUVFJKHTNWDNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-bis(2-ethylhexyl)fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(CC)CCCC)(CC(CC)CCCC)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 YJUVFJKHTNWDNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYEKPJWLAORNKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(C)COc(cc(C1(c(cc(B2OCCO2)cc2)c2-c2c1cc(B1OCCO1)cc2)c(c-1c2)cc(OCC(C)CC)c2OCC(C)CC)c-1c1)c1OCC(C)CC Chemical compound CCC(C)COc(cc(C1(c(cc(B2OCCO2)cc2)c2-c2c1cc(B1OCCO1)cc2)c(c-1c2)cc(OCC(C)CC)c2OCC(C)CC)c-1c1)c1OCC(C)CC IYEKPJWLAORNKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XURUDSDDTLVWDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(C)COc(cc(C1(c(cc(cc2)Br)c2-c(cc2)c1cc2Br)c(c-1c2)cc(OCC(C)CC)c2OCC(C)CC)c-1c1)c1OCC(C)CC Chemical compound CCC(C)COc(cc(C1(c(cc(cc2)Br)c2-c(cc2)c1cc2Br)c(c-1c2)cc(OCC(C)CC)c2OCC(C)CC)c-1c1)c1OCC(C)CC XURUDSDDTLVWDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003668 acetyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000641 acridinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010719 annulation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidine Chemical class C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004618 benzofuryl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- ZDZHCHYQNPQSGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N binaphthyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 ZDZHCHYQNPQSGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004369 butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000480 butynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000596 cyclohexenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000522 cyclooctenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002433 cyclopentenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001987 diarylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004827 dibenzo-1,4-dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005982 diphenylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006038 hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005980 hexynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002183 isoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003261 o-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004365 octenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005069 octynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 description 1
- 125000002255 pentenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005981 pentynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001484 phenothiazinyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=2SC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- GJSGGHOYGKMUPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenoxathiine Chemical class C1=CC=C2OC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 GJSGGHOYGKMUPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001644 phenoxazinyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=2OC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000628 photoluminescence spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003216 pyrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004892 pyridazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000005029 thianthrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003960 triphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
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Definitions
- Phenomenon is often associated with the application of relatively high light intensities from pulsed lasers. Mechanisms described for this are two-photon absorption of molecules with a high two-photon absorption cross section (a non-linear-optical effect), excitation into higher excited states by high pump intensities or multistage ones
- O-SC organic solar cells
- Photoluminescence of the polyfluorene upon excitation of the metal complex compared to direct excitation of the polyfluorene was determined to be 1: 5000 for palladium porphyrin. Through the use of platinum porphyrin, the efficiency could be improved by a factor of 18, resulting in a ratio of 1: 300. However, in these systems, predominantly the emission of the
- Metal complex as expected from a classical matrix guest system.
- Efficiency of up-conversion can be increased by more than an order of magnitude (from 1: 300 to more than 1: 30).
- the invention therefore provides the use of systems comprising at least one polymer and at least one sensitizer containing at least one heavy atom, characterized in that the triplet level of the sensitizer is higher than the triplet level of the polymer, preferably at least 0.05 eV higher , particularly preferably at least 0.1 eV higher, for up-conversion.
- up-conversion is understood to mean the generation of higher-energy photons or higher-energy electronic states after absorption of lower-energy photons, and can be carried out in the systems according to the invention as known and described
- the invention further provides the use of systems comprising at least one polymer and at least one sensitizer containing at least one heavy atom, characterized in that the polymer is at least 1 mol%, preferably at least 5 mol%, particularly preferably at least 10 mol% of a condensed contains aromatic ring system, for up-conversion, especially in electronic and / or optical devices.
- the triplet level of the sensitizer is higher than the triplet level of the polymer and at the same time, the polymer contains at least 1 mole%, preferably at least 5 mole%, more preferably at least 10 mole% of a fused aromatic ring system.
- the triplet energy of a compound is the energy difference between the lowest triplet state T1 and the singlet ground state SO.
- the position of the singlet ground state SO is preferably determined by cyclic voltammetry by determining the oxidation potential (energy level of the HOMO) relative to a known standard.
- the energy difference between T1 and SO is preferably determined spectroscopically, such.
- a sensitizer is understood as meaning a compound which absorbs light in the region of the irradiated wavelength, thereby changing over to a triplet state and optionally being able subsequently to transfer it to the polymer.
- the triplet level of the sensitizer is above the triplet level of the polymer.
- the sensitizer preferably contains at least one heavy atom with an atomic number greater than 38, preferably a transition metal with an atomic number greater than 38, particularly preferably tungsten, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum or gold.
- the sensitizer may also be covalent with the
- Polymer can be linked, so that then a single copolymer can be used as an up-conversion system.
- a fused aromatic ring system is understood to mean ring systems in which at least two aromatic or heteroaromatic rings, for example benzene rings, are "fused together", ie fused together by annulation, ie have at least one common edge and thus also a common aromatic system
- ring systems may be substituted or unsubstituted, and optionally substituted substituents may form further ring systems, for example systems such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, etc. as condensed aromatic ring systems, while for example biphenyl, fluorene, spirobifluorene, etc. do not represent fused aromatic ring systems.
- the polymer may be conjugated, partially conjugated or non-conjugated.
- the polymer is conjugated or partially conjugated, in a particularly preferred embodiment the polymer is conjugated.
- Conjugated polymers in the context of this invention are polymers which are described in the
- conjugated polymers in the sense of this invention are polymers which either contain longer conjugated segments in the main chain which are interrupted by non-conjugated segments or which contain longer conjugated segments in the side chains of a polymer which is not conjugated in the main chain.
- units such as simple alkylene chains, (thio) ether bridges, ester, amide or imide linkages would be clearly defined as non-conjugated segments.
- the fused aromatic ring systems can be incorporated according to the invention in the main and / or in the side chain of the polymer. When incorporated into the side chain, there is the possibility that the ring systems are in conjugation with the polymer backbone or that they are unconjugated to the polymer backbone. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fused aromatic ring systems are in conjugation with the polymer backbone. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the fused aromatic ring systems are part of the polymer main chain.
- the fused aromatic ring systems contain between two and eight aromatic units which are each fused to each other via one or more common edges and thereby form a common aromatic system and which may be substituted or unsubstituted, wherein the substituents may form further ring systems.
- the condensed aromatic ring systems particularly preferably contain between two and six aromatic units, in particular between three and five aromatic units, which are each fused to each other via one or more common edges and thereby form a common aromatic system and which can be substituted or unsubstituted Substituents can also form other ring systems.
- the fused aromatic moieties are selected from benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine and thiophene, which may be substituted or unsubstituted, most preferably benzene and pyridine, which may be substituted or unsubstituted.
- Possible substituents are selected from C 1 to C 40 carbon-containing groups.
- radicals C 1 -C 40 -alkyl with particular preference methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, s, are preferably selected from C 1 -C 40 -carbon-containing groups Butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, s-pentyl,
- Aryl particularly preferably phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, triphenylenyl, [1 I 1 I , 3 l , 1 "] terphenyl-2'-yl, binaphthyl or phenanthrenyl, C 6 -C 4 o-fluoroaryl, particularly preferably pentafluorophenyl, 3,5-Bistrifluoromethylphenyl, pentafluorobenzylidene, 3,5-bistrifluoromethylbenzylidene, tetrafluorophenyl or heptafluoronaphthyl, C 1 -C 40 -alkoxy, more preferably methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy, s Butoxy, t-butoxy, C 6 -C 40 -aryloxy, particularly preferably phenoxy, naphthoxy, biphen
- C 4 -C 40 -heterocycloalkyl particularly preferably furyl, benzofuryl, 2-pyrolidinyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2,3-dihydroindolyl, C 8 -C 4 o-arylalkenyl, particularly preferably o-vinylphenyl, m-vinylphenyl , p-vinylphenyl, C 8 -C 40 -arylalkynyl, particularly preferably o-ethynylphenyl, m-ethynylphenyl or p-ethynylphenyl, C 2 -C 40 -heteroatom-containing group, more preferably carbonyl, benzoyl, oxybenzoyl, benzoyloxy, acetyl,
- fused aromatic ring systems are structures according to the formulas (1) to (24) which each have one, two or more linkages to the polymer at random positions, preferably two linkages to the polymer, and each having one or more substituents R may be substituted, wherein the number of substituents R corresponds at most to the number of substitutable H atoms:
- R which may be substituted by one or more non-aromatic radicals R, or a combination of two to four of these groups; in this case, two or more substituents R together can in turn span a further mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system;
- R 1 is the same or different at each occurrence, H or an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 C-atoms; two or more radicals R 1 or R 1 together with R can also span a further mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system.
- the invention is intended to be understood to mean a system which does not necessarily contain only aromatic or heteroaromatic groups but in which several aromatic or heteroaromatic groups are also replaced by a short non-aromatic unit (less than 10% of the atoms other than H, preferably less than 5) % of the atoms other than H), such as sp 3 -hybridized C, O or N atoms, etc., may be interrupted.
- a short non-aromatic unit less than 10% of the atoms other than H, preferably less than 5 % of the atoms other than H
- sp 3 -hybridized C, O or N atoms, etc. may be interrupted.
- systems such as 9,9'-spirobifluorene, 9,9-diarylfluorene, triarylamine, diaryl ether, etc., are also to be understood as aromatic ring systems for the purposes of this invention.
- fused aromatic ring systems or the units of the formulas (1) to (24) have only one linkage to the polymer, this means the incorporation of these units into the side chain of the polymer. If the fused aromatic ring systems or the units of the formulas (1) to (24) have two bonds to the polymer, this means the incorporation of these units into the polymer
- the polymers preferably contain in addition to the condensed aromatic
- Group 1 Comonomers Which Represent the Polymer Backbone: Units of this group are aromatic, carbocyclic structures of 6 to 40
- Fluorene derivatives for example EP 0842208, WO 99/54385, WO 00/22027, WO 00/22026, WO 00/46321) are suitable here. Furthermore, spirobifluorene derivatives (eg EP 0707020, EP 0894107, WO 03/020790) are also a possibility. Polymers which contain a combination of the two first-mentioned monomer units, as disclosed in WO 02/077060, have also been proposed. However, other structural elements are also possible which can influence the morphology as well as the emission color of the resulting polymers.
- Preferred units for the polymer backbone are spirobifluorenes and fluorenes.
- aromatic amines or electron-rich heterocycles such as, for example, substituted or unsubstituted triarylamines, benzidines, tetraarylene-para-phenylenediamines, phenothiazines, phenoxazines, dihydrophenazines, thianthrenes, dibenzo-p-dioxins, phenoxathiines, carbazoles, azulene, thiophenes,
- HOMO highest occupied molecular orbital
- the polymer may further contain metal complexes bound in the main or side chain, which are generally composed of one or more ligands and one or more metal centers.
- metal complexes bound in the main or side chain which are generally composed of one or more ligands and one or more metal centers.
- a proportion of 5-80 mol% of fused aromatic ring systems is particularly preferred.
- a proportion of 10 - 50 mol% of fused aromatic ring systems is particularly preferred.
- copolymers according to the invention may have random, alternating or block-like structures or alternatively have several of these structures in turn. It should also be emphasized at this point that the polymer can be linear or branched or can also have dendritic structures.
- the polymers according to the invention generally have 10 to 10,000, preferably 20 to 5000, particularly preferably 50 to 2000 repeat units.
- the necessary solubility of the polymers is v. a. ensured by the substituents on the various repeat units, both the substituents on the fused aromatic ring systems, as well as by substituents on the other repeat units.
- Copolymerization with fused aromatic ring systems or other moieties resulting in a lower triplet level than that of the sensitizer results in a significant increase in the efficiency of the up-conversion.
- the invention further relates to systems for up-conversion, comprising at least one polymer and at least one sensitizer containing at least one heavy atom, characterized in that the triplet level of the sensitizer is higher than that of the polymer and / or that the polymer is at least 1 mol% condensed aromatic ring systems.
- systems for up-conversion comprising at least one polymer and at least one sensitizer containing at least one heavy atom, characterized in that the triplet level of the sensitizer is higher than that of the polymer and / or that the polymer is at least 1 mol% condensed aromatic ring systems.
- Another object of the invention are optical and / or electronic devices for up-conversion, containing at least one polymer and at least one sensitizer containing at least one heavy atom, characterized in that the triplet level of the sensitizer is higher than that of
- Polymer and / or that the polymer contains at least 1 mol% of fused aromatic ring systems may be, for example, organic solar cells (O-SC), but also other optical or electronic devices, for.
- O-SC organic solar cells
- O-laser organic light emitting diodes
- O-laser organic laser
- Example 1 Monomer Syntheses The structures of the monomers (M) are shown below. The syntheses are laid down in WO 03/020790 and the literature cited therein. 9,10-Dibromoanthracene was obtained from Aldrich and further purified by recrystallization from dioxane.
- the polymers were synthesized by SUZUKI coupling according to WO 03/048225.
- the composition of the polymer P1 used here is 50 mol% of M1, 10 mol% of M2, 10 mol% of M3 and 30 mol% of M4.
- poly [2,7- (9,9-bis (2-ethylhexyl) fluorene)] (HG Nothofer et al., Macromol. Symp. 2000, 154, 139) has been used in accordance with the closest prior art ( PE Keivanidis et al., Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, 2095).
- a spirobifluorene homopolymer of 50 mol% M1 and 50 mol% M2 was used, which has the same polymer backbone as the Polymer P1, but does not contain fused aromatic ring systems. Both comparative polymers are structurally and / or electronically similar to the polymer P1.
- Example 3 Determination of Triplet energies The triplet energies of the compounds were determined by time-resolved
- Comparative polymer V1 is 2.18 eV, as described in the literature (D. Hertel et al., J. Chem. Phys. 2002, 115, 10007).
- the lowest triplet energy of the comparative polymer V2 was determined spectroscopically to be 2.2 eV (FIG. 2).
- the triplet energy of the sensitizer PtOEP is 1.91 eV.
- the triplet energy of the sensitizer is higher than that of the
- Polymer P1 but lower than that of the comparative polymers V1 and V2.
- Example 4 Use of Polymer P1 and Comparative Polymers V1 and V2 in the Up-Conversion
- the tested test system consisted of that described in Example 2
- PtOEP platinum-octaethylporphyrin
- the typical excitation power was 50 ⁇ J / pulse with a spot diameter of 2 mm.
- a blue fluorescence of the polymer matrix was observed. This is not due to direct excitation of the polymer P1, since this does not absorb at the excitation energy of 2.31 eV (537 nm). The luminescence must therefore be caused by the presence of the dopant.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP05772623A EP1766702B1 (de) | 2004-07-15 | 2005-07-14 | Verwendung von polymeren für up-conversion und vorrichtungen zur up-conversion |
KR1020077000868A KR101334644B1 (ko) | 2004-07-15 | 2005-07-14 | 업-컨버전용 중합체의 용도, 및 업-컨버전용 장치 |
DE502005005705T DE502005005705D1 (de) | 2004-07-15 | 2005-07-14 | Verwendung von polymeren für up-conversion und vorrichtungen zur up-conversion |
US11/632,338 US20080103279A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 | 2005-07-14 | Use of Polymers for Up-Conversion, and Devices for Up-Conversion |
JP2007520762A JP5543064B2 (ja) | 2004-07-15 | 2005-07-14 | アップコンバージョンのためのポリマーの使用、およびアップコンバージョンのためのデバイス |
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DE102004034140A DE102004034140A1 (de) | 2004-07-15 | 2004-07-15 | Verwendung von Polymeren für Up-conversion und Vorrichtungen zur Up-conversion |
DE102004034140.0 | 2004-07-15 |
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EP (1) | EP1766702B1 (de) |
JP (2) | JP5543064B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR101334644B1 (de) |
CN (2) | CN1984939A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE411622T1 (de) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102004034140A1 (de) | 2006-02-23 |
CN104072729A (zh) | 2014-10-01 |
ATE411622T1 (de) | 2008-10-15 |
DE502005005705D1 (de) | 2008-11-27 |
JP2013151694A (ja) | 2013-08-08 |
CN1984939A (zh) | 2007-06-20 |
JP5543064B2 (ja) | 2014-07-09 |
KR20070042147A (ko) | 2007-04-20 |
US20080103279A1 (en) | 2008-05-01 |
EP1766702B1 (de) | 2008-10-15 |
CN104072729B (zh) | 2017-04-12 |
KR101334644B1 (ko) | 2013-11-29 |
EP1766702A1 (de) | 2007-03-28 |
TW200617055A (en) | 2006-06-01 |
JP2008506798A (ja) | 2008-03-06 |
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