JP4952037B2 - 高分子発光素子及び有機トランジスタ並びにそれらに有用な組成物 - Google Patents
高分子発光素子及び有機トランジスタ並びにそれらに有用な組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4952037B2 JP4952037B2 JP2006118800A JP2006118800A JP4952037B2 JP 4952037 B2 JP4952037 B2 JP 4952037B2 JP 2006118800 A JP2006118800 A JP 2006118800A JP 2006118800 A JP2006118800 A JP 2006118800A JP 4952037 B2 JP4952037 B2 JP 4952037B2
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- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001558 benzoic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001231 benzoyloxy group Chemical group C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- DNSISZSEWVHGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanamide Chemical group CCCC(N)=O DNSISZSEWVHGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006309 butyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004744 butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004063 butyryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010538 cationic polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002933 cyclohexyloxy group Chemical group C1(CCCCC1)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006312 cyclopentyl amino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWXWPPKDQOWNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylmethanone Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(=O)C1CCCCC1 TWXWPPKDQOWNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001664 diethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004914 dipropylamino group Chemical group C(CC)N(CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000031 ethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004705 ethylthio group Chemical group C(C)S* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008376 fluorenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001109 fluorescent polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JVZRCNQLWOELDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-Phenylpyridine Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC=C1 JVZRCNQLWOELDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical group [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSTLSCNJAHAQNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptylcyclohexane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC1CCCCC1 MSTLSCNJAHAQNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001245 hexylamino group Chemical group [H]N([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QHWAQXOSHHKCFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexylcyclohexane Chemical compound CCCCCCC1CCCCC1 QHWAQXOSHHKCFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005935 hexyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LHJOPRPDWDXEIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium lithium Chemical compound [Li].[In] LHJOPRPDWDXEIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YZASAXHKAQYPEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium silver Chemical compound [Ag].[In] YZASAXHKAQYPEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KXUHSQYYJYAXGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KXUHSQYYJYAXGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005956 isoquinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004658 ketimines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium magnesium Chemical compound [Li].[Mg] GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium silver Chemical compound [Mg].[Ag] SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- OFXSXYCSPVKZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxyperoxymethane Chemical compound COOOC OFXSXYCSPVKZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000250 methylamino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002816 methylsulfanyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S[*] 0.000 description 1
- ZHDORMMHAKXTPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzoylbenzamide Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZHDORMMHAKXTPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- AIDQCFHFXWPAFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-formylformamide Chemical group O=CNC=O AIDQCFHFXWPAFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002791 naphthoquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006611 nonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002916 oxazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005740 oxycarbonyl group Chemical group [*:1]OC([*:2])=O 0.000 description 1
- NRNFFDZCBYOZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-quinodimethane Chemical compound C=C1C=CC(=C)C=C1 NRNFFDZCBYOZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 description 1
- 125000004894 pentylamino group Chemical group C(CCCC)N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001148 pentyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005003 perfluorobutyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenetole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006678 phenoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001129 phenylbutoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000109 phenylethoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical class N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002796 polystyrene sulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011970 polystyrene sulfonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionamide Chemical group CCC(N)=O QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006308 propyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004742 propyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005551 pyridylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007261 regionalization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJMWRROPUADPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylbenzene Chemical compound CCC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZJMWRROPUADPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005156 substituted alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005649 substituted arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical group [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003557 thiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005034 trifluormethylthio group Chemical group FC(S*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000004044 trifluoroacetyl group Chemical group FC(C(=O)*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
Description
そこで、本発明の目的は、発光素子の作製に用いた場合に、低電圧で駆動しても高輝度で燐光材料が発光する発光素子が得られる組成物、高分子化合物を提供することにある。
(1−1)
〔式中、Zは、水素原子又は置換基を表し、R1は、置換基を表し、nは0〜3の整数を表す。R1が複数個存在する場合、それらは同一であっても異なっていてもよい。〕
で表される繰り返し単位及び/又は下記式(1−2):
(1−2)
〔式中、Z、R1及びnは、前述と同じ意味を表す。R1が複数個存在する場合、それらは同一であっても異なっていてもよい。〕
で表される繰り返し単位を含む重合体と、燐光発光を示す化合物とを含む組成物、を提供する。
したがって、本発明の組成物、高分子化合物を用いてなる発光素子は、曲面状光源、平面状光源等の面状光源(例えば、照明等);セグメント表示装置(例えば、セグメントタイプの表示素子等)、ドットマトリックス表示装置(例えば、ドットマトリックスのフラットディスプレイ等)、液晶表示装置(例えば、液晶表示装置、液晶ディスプレイのバックライト等)等の表示装置等に好適である。
本発明の組成物、高分子化合物は、これらの作製に用いられる材料として好適である以外にも、レーザー用色素、有機太陽電池用材料、有機トランジスタ用の有機半導体、導電性薄膜、有機半導体薄膜等の伝導性薄膜用材料、蛍光を発する発光性薄膜材料、高分子電界効果トランジスタの材料等としても好適である。
−重合体−
本発明の組成物は、前記式(1−1)で表される繰り返し単位及び/又は前記式(1−2)で表される繰り返し単位を含む重合体と、燐光発光を示す化合物とを含有するものである。
前記式(1−1)、(1−2)中、nは0〜3の整数を表すが、合成の行いやすさの観点からは、nが0又は1であることが好ましい。R1が複数個存在する場合、それらは同一であっても異なっていてもよく、また、2個のR1が結合し環を形成していてもよい。
アルキル基は、直鎖、分岐又は環状のいずれでもよく、炭素数が通常1〜20程度、好ましくは3〜20である。アルキル基の具体例としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、i−プロピル基、n−ブチル基、i−ブチル基、t−ブチル基、ペンチル基、イソアミル基、ヘキシル基、シクロヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基、2−エチルヘキシル基、ノニル基、デシル基、3,7−ジメチルオクチル基、ラウリル基、トリフルオロメチル基、ペンタフルオロエチル基、パーフルオロブチル基、パーフルオロヘキシル基、パーフルオロオクチル基等が挙げられ、有機溶媒への溶解性、素子特性、合成の行いやすさ等の観点と耐熱性とのバランスからは、ペンチル基、イソアミル基、ヘキシル基、オクチル基、2−エチルヘキシル基、デシル基、3,7−ジメチルオクチル基が好ましい。
〔式中、R1及びnは前記と同じ意味を表し、R5は独立に置換基を表す。p1は0〜5の整数を表し、p2は0〜7の整数を表し、p3は0〜9の整数を表し、p4は0〜3の整数を表し、p5は0〜4の整数を表す。〕
のいずれかで表される繰り返し単位等が挙げられる。
−Ar1− (2)
〔Ar1は、置換基を有していてもよいアリーレン基、置換基を有していてもよい2価の複素環基、又は置換基を有していてもよい2価の芳香族アミン基を表す。〕
で表される繰り返し単位が挙げられる。
〔式中、Ar3、Ar4、Ar5及びAr6は、それぞれ独立に、アリーレン基又は2価の複素環基を表す。Ar7、Ar8及びAr9は、それぞれ独立に、アリール基又は1価の複素環基を表す。Ar3、Ar4、Ar5、Ar6、Ar7、Ar8及びAr9は置換基を有していてもよい。x及びyは、それぞれ独立に、0又は正の整数である。〕
で表される基が、発光波長を変化させる観点、発光効率を高める観点、耐熱性を向上させる観点から好ましい。
[式中、R3は独立に置換基を表し、R4は独立に水素原子又は置換基を表し、m1は独立に0〜3の整数を表し、m2は独立に0〜5の整数を表し、m3は独立に0〜4の整数を表す。]
のいずれかで表される基が、発光効率等の素子特性の観点から好ましい。
−CR6=CR7− (3)
(式中、R6及びR7は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、1価の複素環基、カルボキシル基、置換カルボキシル基又はシアノ基を表す。)
で表される繰り返し単位、下記式(4):
−C≡C− (4)
で表される繰り返し単位を含んでいてもよい。
前記燐光発光を示す化合物は、通常、室温(即ち、25℃)で燐光発光を示す。
前記低分子蛍光材料は、通常、400〜700nmの波長範囲に光ルミネッセンス発光ピークを有するものである。低分子蛍光材料の分子量は、3000以下であり、好ましくは100〜1000程度であり、より好ましくは100〜500程度である。
(式中、Rは前述と同じ意味を表し、nbは、0〜3の整数を表し、Xcは独立に、−O−、−S−、−NR−、−Se−又は−CH=CH−を表し、Xd -は、ハロゲン化物イオンを表し、Mbは金属原子を表す。また、矢印は配位結合を表す。)
本発明の組成物は、前記式(1−1)で表される繰り返し単位及び/又は前記式(1−2)で表される繰り返し単位を含む重合体、燐光発光を示す化合物以外の成分を含有してもよい。具体的には、例えば、前記式(1−1)で表される繰り返し単位及び前記式(1−2)で表される繰り返し単位をいずれも有しない重合体、燐光発光を示す化合物以外の低分子化合物等を含んでいてもよい。それらの含有比率は、用途に応じて決めればよい。
本発明の高分子化合物は、前記式(1−1)で表される繰り返し単位及び/又は前記式(1−2)で表される繰り返し単位と、前記燐光発光を示す化合物の残基とを含むもの(即ち、同一分子内に含むもの)である。ここで、燐光発光を示す化合物の残基とは、前記燐光発光を示す化合物中の水素原子の一部又は全部を除いた残りの基を意味する。また、以下の本発明の高分子化合物の説明において、特記しない事項については、本発明の組成物の項で説明し例示したとおりである。
〔式中、L1及びL2は、それぞれ独立に、燐光発光を示す化合物から水素原子及び/又は置換基を2個もしくは3個取り除いた構造を表し、式中のL1及びL2が有する結合手は、重合体が有する繰り返し単位と結合している。〕
本発明の組成物及び高分子化合物は、特に液状組成物として高分子発光素子等の発光素子や有機トランジスタの作製に有用である。液状組成物は、本発明の組成物が必要に応じて溶媒を含んでなるもの、又は本発明の高分子化合物と溶媒とを含んでなるものである。本明細書において、「液状組成物」とは、素子作製時において液状であるものを意味し、典型的には、常圧(即ち、1気圧)、25℃において液状のものを意味する。また、液状組成物は、一般的には、インク、インク組成物、溶液等と呼ばれることがある。
次いで、本発明の薄膜について説明する。この薄膜は、前記組成物、前記液状組成物又は前記高分子化合物(以下、組成物、液状組成物、高分子化合物を総称して「組成物等」という。)を用いてなるものである。薄膜の種類としては、発光性薄膜、導電性薄膜、有機半導体薄膜が例示される。
次に本発明の組成物等の用途について説明する。
本発明の組成物等は、高分子発光体(即ち、高分子量の発光材料)として用いることができる。また、本発明の組成物等は優れた電荷輸送能を有しており、高分子発光素子用材料や電荷輸送材料として好適に用いることができる。該高分子発光体を用いた高分子発光素子は低電圧、高発光効率で駆動できる高性能の高分子発光素子である。従って、本発明の組成物等は、曲面状光源、平面状光源等の面状光源(例えば、照明等);セグメント表示装置(例えば、セグメントタイプの表示素子等)、ドットマトリックス表示装置(例えば、ドットマトリックスのフラットディスプレイ等)、液晶表示装置(例えば、液晶表示装置、液晶ディスプレイのバックライト等)等の表示装置等の材料として有用である。また、本発明の組成物は、レーザー用色素、有機太陽電池用材料、有機トランジスタ用の有機半導体、導電性薄膜、有機半導体薄膜等の伝導性薄膜用材料、蛍光を発する発光性薄膜材料等としても用いることができる。有機トランジスタは、バイポーラトランジスタとして用いることも、高分子電界効果トランジスタ等の電界効果トランジスタとして用いることもできる。
次に、本発明の高分子発光素子について説明する。
本発明の高分子発光素子は、陽極及び陰極からなる電極と、該電極間に設けられ前記組成物等を含む有機層(即ち、有機物を含む層)とを有するものである。前記有機層は、発光層、正孔輸送層、電子輸送層等のいずれであってもよいが、有機層が発光層であることが好ましい。本発明の高分子発光素子は、本発明の組成物等が正孔輸送層及び/又は電子輸送層に含まれているものも含む。
a)陽極/発光層/陰極
b)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/陰極
c)陽極/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
d)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(ここで、/は各層が隣接して積層されていることを示す。以下同じ。)
e)陽極/正孔注入層/発光層/陰極
f)陽極/発光層/電子注入層/陰極
g)陽極/正孔注入層/発光層/電子注入層/陰極
h)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/陰極
i)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子注入層/陰極
j)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子注入層/陰極
k)陽極/正孔注入層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
l)陽極/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
m)陽極/正孔注入層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
n)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
o)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
p)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
q)陽極/膜厚2nm以下の絶縁層/発光層/陰極
r)陽極/発光層/膜厚2nm以下の絶縁層/陰極
s)陽極/膜厚2nm以下の絶縁層/発光層/膜厚2nm以下の絶縁層/陰極
t)陽極/膜厚2nm以下の絶縁層/正孔輸送層/発光層/陰極
u)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/膜厚2nm以下の絶縁層/陰極
v)陽極/膜厚2nm以下の絶縁層/正孔輸送層/発光層/膜厚2nm以下の絶縁層/陰極
w)陽極/膜厚2nm以下の絶縁層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
x)陽極/発光層/電子輸送層/膜厚2nm以下の絶縁層/陰極
y)陽極/膜厚2nm以下の絶縁層/発光層/電子輸送層/膜厚2nm以下の絶縁層/陰極
z)陽極/膜厚2nm以下の絶縁層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
aa)陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/膜厚2nm以下の絶縁層/陰極
ab)陽極/膜厚2nm以下の絶縁層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/膜厚2nm以下の絶縁層/陰極
次に、有機トランジスタの一態様である高分子電界効果トランジスタを説明する。
本発明の組成物等は、高分子電界効果トランジスタの材料として、中でも活性層として好適に用いることができる。高分子電界効果トランジスタの構造としては、通常は、ソース電極及びドレイン電極が高分子からなる活性層に接して設けられており、さらに活性層に接した絶縁層を挟んでゲート電極が設けられていればよい。
実施例において、ポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量及び重量平均分子量は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC、島津製作所製、商品名:LC-10Avp)により求めた。測定する重合体は、約0.5重量%の濃度になるようテトラヒドロフランに溶解させ、GPCに50μL注入した。GPCの移動相はテトラヒドロフランを用い、0.6mL/minの流速で流した。カラムは、TSKgel SuperHM-H(東ソー製)2本とTSKgel SuperH2000(東ソー製)1本を直列に繋げた。検出器には示差屈折率検出器(島津製作所製、商品名:RID-10A)を用いた。
−重合体1の合成−
9,9−ジオクチル−2,7−ジブロモフルオレン 768mgと、下記構造式:
−組成物1の調製−
重合体1(100重量部)に、下記構造式:
−重合体2の合成−
9,9−ジオクチル−2,7−ジブロモフルオレン 8.63gと、下記構造式:
で表される化合物 3.0gと、2,2’−ビピリジル8.25gとを、反応容器に仕込んだ後、反応系内を窒素ガスで置換した。これに、予めアルゴンガスでバブリングして、脱気したテトラヒドロフラン(脱水溶媒)750gを加えた。次に、この混合溶液に、ビス(1,5−シクロオクタジエン)ニッケル(0)を15.0gを加え、室温で10分間攪拌した後、60℃で3時間反応した。なお、反応は、窒素ガス雰囲気中で行った。
−組成物2の調製−
重合体2(100重量部)にイリジウム錯体Aを2重量部添加して組成物2を調製した。
−EL素子の作製−
スパッタ法により150nmの厚みでITO膜を付けたガラス基板に、ポリ(エチレンジオキシチオフェン)/ポリスチレンスルホン酸の溶液(バイエル社、BaytronP)を用いてスピンコートにより50nmの厚みで成膜し、ホットプレート上で200℃で10分間乾燥した。次に、組成物1をクロロホルムに0.4重量%の濃度となるように溶解させ、該クロロホルム溶液を用いてスピンコートにより2000rpmの回転速度で成膜した。膜厚は約100nmであった。さらに、これを窒素雰囲気下で130℃で1時間乾燥した後、陰極として、バリウムを約5nm、次いでアルミニウムを約80nm蒸着して、EL素子を作製した。なお、真空度が、1×10-4Pa以下に到達した後、金属の蒸着を開始した。得られた素子に電圧を引加することにより、620nmにピークを有するEL発光が得られた。該素子は7.6Vで100cd/m2の輝度で燐光発光を示し、また、最大輝度は約500cd/m2であった。
−EL素子の作製−
スパッタ法により150nmの厚みでITO膜を付けたガラス基板に、ポリ(エチレンジオキシチオフェン)/ポリスチレンスルホン酸の溶液(バイエル社、BaytronP)を用いてスピンコートにより50nmの厚みで成膜し、ホットプレート上で200℃で10分間乾燥した。次に、組成物2をクロロホルムに0.4重量%の濃度となるように溶解させ、該クロロホルム溶液を用いてスピンコートにより2500rpmの回転速度で成膜した。膜厚は約100nmであった。さらに、これを窒素雰囲気下で130℃で1時間乾燥した後、陰極として、バリウムを約5nm、次いでアルミニウムを約80nm蒸着して、EL素子を作製した。なお、真空度が、1×10-4Pa以下に到達した後、金属の蒸着を開始した。得られた素子に電圧を引加することにより、620nmにピークを有するEL発光が得られた。該素子は7.8Vで100cd/m2の輝度で燐光発光を示し、また、最大輝度は約200cd/m2であった。
Claims (8)
- 下記式(1−1−1):
(1−1−1)
〔式中、R 2 は独立に、水素原子又は置換基を表す。複数個存在するR 2 は同一であっても異なっていてもよい。〕
で表される繰り返し単位、並びに、下記式(2−1):
〔式中、R 3 は独立にアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アリール基又は1価の複素環基を表し、R 4 は独立にアルキル基又はアリール基を表し、m1は独立に0〜3の整数を表す。〕
で表される繰り返し単位を含む重合体と、
イリジウムを中心金属とする燐光発光を示す化合物と、
を含む組成物であって、
該重合体の全繰り返し単位中の前記式(1−1−1)で表される繰り返し単位の割合が、1モル%〜40モル%であり、かつ、
該重合体100重量部に対して、該燐光発光を示す化合物の割合が、0.1〜40重量部である前記組成物。 - 前記重合体のポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量が1×10 5 〜5×10 6 である請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- さらに溶媒を含む請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物からなる液状組成物。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物、又は請求項5に記載の液状組成物を用いてなる薄膜。
- 請求項6に記載の薄膜を有する有機トランジスタ。
- 陽極及び陰極からなる電極と、該電極間に設けられ請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含む有機層とを有する高分子発光素子。
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