WO2006006716A1 - 有機化層状珪酸塩固形物及び熱可塑性樹脂組成物 - Google Patents
有機化層状珪酸塩固形物及び熱可塑性樹脂組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006006716A1 WO2006006716A1 PCT/JP2005/013214 JP2005013214W WO2006006716A1 WO 2006006716 A1 WO2006006716 A1 WO 2006006716A1 JP 2005013214 W JP2005013214 W JP 2005013214W WO 2006006716 A1 WO2006006716 A1 WO 2006006716A1
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- Prior art keywords
- layered silicate
- organically modified
- thermoplastic resin
- dispersant
- weight
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- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical group CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WFIYFFUAOQKJJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraoctylphosphanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[P+](CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC WFIYFFUAOQKJJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USFPINLPPFWTJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenylphosphonium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 USFPINLPPFWTJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N thyroxine-binding globulin Natural products IC1=CC(CC([NH3+])C([O-])=O)=CC(I)=C1OC1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1 XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-L-hydroxy-proline Natural products ON1CCCC1C(O)=O FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- ZMUVCOYLTZPCKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl(dodecyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC ZMUVCOYLTZPCKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWZDVHOYCNIXDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl(phenyl)phosphanium Chemical group CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JWZDVHOYCNIXDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SIJJORQTGHGGNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(hexadecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](CC)(CC)CC SIJJORQTGHGGNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXCCIZBMTUFJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(tetradecyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](CC)(CC)CC JXCCIZBMTUFJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSNJABVSHLCCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-J trilithium;trimagnesium;trisodium;dioxido(oxo)silane;tetrafluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O WSNJABVSHLCCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- IKANSXQHJXBNIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(octadecyl)phosphanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[P+](C)(C)C IKANSXQHJXBNIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHAFDJWJDDPMDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(phenyl)phosphanium Chemical group C[P+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 WHAFDJWJDDPMDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLFDLEXFOHUASB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(tetradecyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C GLFDLEXFOHUASB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNEOHLHCKGUAEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylphenylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNEOHLHCKGUAEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NACZPBOVCXPUJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris-decyl(methyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCC NACZPBOVCXPUJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/36—Silicates having base-exchange properties but not having molecular sieve properties
- C01B33/38—Layered base-exchange silicates, e.g. clays, micas or alkali metal silicates of kenyaite or magadiite type
- C01B33/44—Products obtained from layered base-exchange silicates by ion-exchange with organic compounds such as ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium compounds or by intercalation of organic compounds, e.g. organoclay material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/60—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material
- B29B7/603—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material in measured doses, e.g. proportioning of several materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/82—Heating or cooling
- B29B7/823—Temperature control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/86—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for working at sub- or superatmospheric pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
- B29C48/425—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders using three or more screws
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/76—Venting, drying means; Degassing means
- B29C48/765—Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/005—Reinforced macromolecular compounds with nanosized materials, e.g. nanoparticles, nanofibres, nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods or nanolayered materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/875—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling for achieving a non-uniform temperature distribution, e.g. using barrels having both cooling and heating zones
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organically modified layered silicate solid having an evenly distributed interlayer distance, and melt-kneaded the organicated layered silicate solid and a thermoplastic resin.
- the present invention relates to a thermoplastic resin composition in which layered silicate is uniformly dispersed in nano order.
- nanocomposite in which layered silicates are dispersed in a thermoplastic resin in a nano-order have been proposed and attracted attention.
- this nanocomposite can provide a higher elastic modulus and heat resistance with a small amount of inorganic filler, and can be reduced in weight. It is possible to replace glass fiber, and it is easy to recycle. It has also been reported that gas barrier properties and flame retardancy are imparted.
- inorganic substances are mixed in during the polymerization process, and there is a problem that a large amount of loss occurs at the time of switching the polymerization material.
- the organic substance is contained in the monomer. It was difficult to swell the treated layered silicate.
- a slurry obtained by dispersing an organically layered layered silicate in a dispersion medium containing water or a proton donor is treated with a dedispersion medium, and the organic layered layered silicate retaining the dispersion medium in an amount of 20 to 90% by weight is obtained.
- a method has been proposed in which a cake-like product is obtained and melt-kneaded with a thermoplastic resin (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2 02-1 515020).
- the organically modified layered silicate obtained by this method is In the state of the material, compared to the dry state, the distance between the layers is only slightly increased. Therefore, when kneaded with the thermoplastic resin as it is, agglomerates are easily generated, and the layered silicate is contained in the thermoplastic resin. However, it was difficult to obtain a resin composition uniformly dispersed in nano order.
- the present invention solves the above problems, and is obtained by melt-kneading an organically modified layered silicate solid, the organically modified layered silicate solid, and a thermoplastic resin in which the interlayer distance is uniformly distributed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a thermoplastic resin composition in which layered silicate is uniformly dispersed in nano order. Disclosure of the invention
- the present inventors have obtained the following knowledge.
- the slurry became extremely viscous and a stable feed could not be obtained, and a uniform dispersion state could not be obtained.
- the layered silicate slurry initially becomes a cake, but when this is further reduced and kneaded and molded, it may change to a solid clay-like substance.
- this solid clay-like substance was used and melt-kneaded with a thermoplastic resin, it was surprisingly found that the layered silicate was very well dispersed in the resin.
- the present invention has been completed based on such findings. That is, the present invention provides the following.
- the layer of the organically modified layered silicate (A) has a property of not spreading more than 5 A from the dry state, and contains a solvent (C) having a boiling point lower than that of the dispersant (B).
- thermoplastic resin composition obtained by melt-kneading the organically modified layered silicate solid material according to any one of (1) to (10) above and a thermoplastic resin (D).
- thermoplastic resin composition characterized by melt-kneading the organically modified layered silicate solid material according to any one of (1) to (10) above and a thermoplastic resin (D) Manufacturing method.
- the temperature of the organic layered silicate solid inlet and the subsequent vent port of the kneading machine is below the boiling point of the solvent (C), and the temperature of the kneader zone following the vent port is the solvent (
- thermoplastic resin composition (B) The above (13) to (15), characterized in that the kneader has at least two vent ports, and at least one vent port evaporates and removes the solvent (B) under reduced pressure.
- thermoplastic resin composition as described in any one of (13) to (16) above, wherein the thermoplastic resin (D) is a polyamide resin.
- FIG. 1 to 3 show the composition of the kneading zone of the kneader used in the examples of the present invention.
- the organically modified layered silicate solid material of the present invention comprises an organically modified layered silicate (A) and a dispersing agent (B) having the property of further expanding the layer between the organized layered silicate (A) by 5 A or more from the dry state.
- the half width of the peak on the (0 0 1) plane by X-ray diffraction is 0.9 deg or less.
- the organic layered silicate solid of the present invention is obtained by kneading a mixture comprising the organic layered silicate (A) and the dispersant (B) to form a clay.
- “clay-like” means a solid state that can be plastically deformed. Contrast this with powder or cake.
- the cake-like material is in the form of a wet powder, and when it is applied with force, it does not deform plastically and becomes a loose powder.
- the organically modified layered silicate (A) in the present invention is obtained by inserting an organic ion between layers of a layered silicate (intercalation).
- layered silicates examples include smectite groups such as montmorillonite, piperite, saponite, hectrite, soconite, Bamiquilites such as vermiculite, fluorine mica, muscovite, Paragonite, phlogopite, biotite, reptilite and other mica families, margarite, clintonite, anandite, etc., brittle mica family, donbasite, suditeite, kukueite, clinochlore, chamosite, two Examples include chlorite groups such as mites.
- smectite groups such as montmorillonite, piperite, saponite, hectrite, soconite
- Bamiquilites such as vermiculite, fluorine mica, muscovite, Paragonite, phlogopite, biotite, reptilite and other mica families, margarite, clintonite, anandite,
- the layered silicate may be natural, synthesized or modified, and may be used alone or in combination of several kinds.
- An organic ion has a structure represented by an ammonium ion, a phosphonium ion, a sulfonium ion, an ion derived from a heteroaromatic ring, and the like. Of these, from the viewpoint of availability and stability, ammonium ions, phosphonium ions, and ion ions derived from heteroaromatic rings are preferred.
- Ammonium ions include hexyl ammonium, octyl ammonium, decyl ammonium, dodecyl ammonium, hexadecyl ammonium, octyl decyl ammonium, ethanolamine, P 1-aminophenols having hydroxyl groups such as 5-phenol, m-aminophenol, etc., Gusin, Alan, Norin, Mouth Isin, Isoguchiisin, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine , ⁇ Leonine, Seun, Pu Ling, ⁇ Livtophan ⁇ Thyroxine, Methionine, Cystine, Sistine, Asparagine
- Hydroxyl groups such as tertiary ammonium and triethanolamine having Quaternary ammonium having the same alkyl group, such as tertiary ammonium such as tertiary ammonium, tetraethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, tetraoctylammonium, etc. ⁇ , methyl tridecyl ammonium, trimethyl dodecyl ammonium, trimethyl tetradecyl ammonium, trimethyl hexadecyl ammonium, ⁇ methyl methyl decyl ammonium, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ methyl eicosanyl ammonium, h limethylocta ⁇ Senylmonium, Trimethyloxydemethyl, Dimethylammonium, etc., hUetyldedecylmonium, Triethyltetradecylammonium, Triethylhexadecylsilane Mony
- Methylbenzyldialkylammonia such as oxadecylammonium ⁇ , dibenzyl dihexadecyl ammonium such as dibenzyl dihexadecyl ammonium, trioctyl methyl ammonium, tridodecyl methyl ammonium, tritetradecyl methyl ammonium, etc.
- Trioctyl chloride ammonium such as trioctyl chloride ammonium, trialkyl butyl ammonium such as trioctyl butyl ammonium, trialkyl butyl ammonium such as trioctyl butyl ammonium, trimethyl benzyl ammonium
- Trioctyl chloride ammonium such as trioctyl chloride ammonium, trialkyl butyl ammonium such as trioctyl butyl ammonium, trialkyl butyl ammonium such as trioctyl butyl ammonium, trimethyl benzyl ammonium
- ions such as quaternary ammonium derived from aromatic amines such as quaternary ammonium having an aromatic ring and the like, and trimethylphenylammonium.
- Examples of phosphonium ions include tetrabutylphosphonium, tetraoctylphosphonium, trimethyldecylphosphonium, trimethyldodecylphosphonium, trimethylhexadecylphosphonium, trimethyloctadecylphosphonium.
- Quaternary phosphoniums such as phenylalkyl quaternary phosphonium such as enylmethylphosphonium, tetraphenylphosphonium, etc.
- onium ions derived from heteroaromatic rings include pyridinium, methylpyridinium, dimethylpyridium Examples include ions such as ginium, quinoline, and isoquinoline.
- the organic ion may be an ammonium ion or phosphonium ion to which ethylene oxide is added in order to impart hydrophilicity. You may use these in combination of multiple types.
- organic ions those with a relatively low molecular weight, such as hexyl ammonium, octyl ammonium, decyl ammonium Alkylammonium such as nium, 6-aminocaproic acid, 7-aminoheptanoic acid, 8-aminooctanoic acid, 9-aminononanoic acid, 1 0-aminominodecanoic acid, 1 1 monoaminoundecanoic acid, 1 2-aminododecanoic acid, etc.
- Ammonium carboxylic acids such as ammonium, norine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, threonine, serine, proline, hydroxyproline, liptophan, methionine, cystine, cysteine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, aspartamine ⁇ -amino acids such as lysine, arginine, histidine, etc., primary ammonia such as ammonium, pyridinium, methylpyridinum, and dimethylpyridinium-derived heteroaromatic rings such as onium, more preferably 8 —Ami Ion such as octanoic acid, 9-aminononanoic acid, 10 0-aminodecanoic acid, 1 1 monoaminoundecanoic acid, 1 2 -aminocarboxylic acid such as aminododecanoic acid, and ions such as pyridinium are most preferably 10 0-aminode
- the amount of the organic ion is not particularly limited as long as it is in the range of 0.8 to 2.0 equivalents to the cation exchange capacity of the layered silicate, but is usually about 0.9 to 1.3 equivalents. When this amount is less than 0.8 equivalent, the dispersibility in the thermoplastic resin is lowered, and when it is more than 2.0 equivalent, the free compound derived from the ion is prominent, resulting in a decrease in thermal stability during molding. May cause secondary smoke, smoke, mold contamination, odor, etc. Intercalation of layered silicates of organic ions is easily achieved by adding cation ions or a solution containing the ions to a suspension of layered silicates to cause cation exchange.
- the ionization between the layers of the negatively charged silicate layer is effective.
- the mechanical structure can be introduced, and the action as a dispersant for the layered silicate (the layered silicate can be uniformly and finely dispersed in the thermoplastic resin) can be sufficiently exhibited.
- dispersant (B) having the property of further expanding the layer of the organically modified layered silicate (A) in the present invention by more than 5 A from the dry state
- ⁇ -single prolactam, enantolactam, tun Lactam derivatives such as decane lactam, dodecane lactam, 2-pyrrolidone, 2-piperidone, etc., 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1-ethyl-2-ylpyrrolidone, 1-acetyl-2-pyrrolidone, etc.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene, chain and cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons such as heptane and cyclohexane, halogenated hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene and dichloromethane, dioxane , Ethers such as jetyl ether, acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, and acetonitrile And ketones, esters such as ethyl acetate and propiolacton, and nitriles such as acetonitrile and benzonitryl, with lactams being particularly preferred.
- the proportion of the dispersing agent ( ⁇ ) is preferably 10 to 200 parts by weight, more preferably 30 to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the organically modified layered silicate (A). .
- the organically modified layered silicate solid according to the present invention comprises:
- It may contain a solvent (C) having a property that the layer of (A) does not expand more than 5 A from the dry state, and has a lower boiling point than the dispersant (B).
- a solvent miscible with the dispersant (B) is preferably water.
- the ratio of the solvent (C) is preferably 10 to 200 parts by weight in total of the dispersant (B) and the solvent (C) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the organically modified layered silicate (A). More preferably, 20 to 1500 parts by weight, even more preferably 40 to: L 0 0 parts by weight.
- the ratio of the dispersant (B) and the solvent (C) exceeds 200 parts by weight, excessive energy is required when blending the required amount of the organically modified layered silicate into the thermoplastic resin. If it is less than parts by weight, even if it is melt-kneaded with a thermoplastic resin, the resulting resin composition is insufficient in dispersibility of the organically modified layered silicate, resulting in poor properties.
- the ratio of the dispersant (B) is preferably 40% by weight or more with respect to the total of the dispersant (B) and the solvent (C).
- Solvent (C) is used as a dispersion medium when organicizing the layered silicate. If it has the property of spreading the layer between 5 A and more, it separates the organicated layered silicate from the solvent (C) after the completion of organication. The work efficiency when doing so is significantly reduced.
- the solvent (C) is not necessarily required. However, in order to completely remove the solvent (C), a long time is required for the drying process and the pulverization process, and therefore, the solvent (C) has a property of being mixed with the dispersant (B). In some cases, it is advantageous to include a solvent (C).
- the layer of the organically modified layered silicate does not spread sufficiently. .
- a slurry in which the layered silicate is dispersed in the solvent (C) is prepared, mixed with organic nitrogen ions, and an organically modified layered silicate-containing slurry having organic ion ions between layers is prepared by intercalation.
- the resulting slurry is subjected to a dedispersion medium treatment by applying a centrifuge or a filter, and a cake is obtained.
- the dispersion medium (B) is mixed with the cake-like material to obtain a mixture comprising the organically modified layered silicate (A), the dispersant (B), and the solvent (C).
- a kneader and a molding machine that are generally used for clay-like substances or straw foods can be applied.
- it may be a batch kneader, a rotating / revolving centrifugal kneader, a uniaxial or multiaxial continuous kneading extruder, a roll kneader, a clay molding machine, a roll press machine, a pasta machine, and the like.
- the shearing force by kneading becomes uniform. It is preferable because it is transmitted. Further, even if the solvent (C) is not removed during the kneading, the kneading may be performed a plurality of times, and a drying step may be provided between the kneading.
- the drying temperature should be at least the boiling point of the dispersant (B), and if it is performed at a temperature as low as the production efficiency permits, the dispersion of the dispersant (B) will be reduced and the drying will be uniform.
- the drying process can be any of vacuum drying, atmospheric pressure drying, and air drying. Most preferable from the viewpoint of uniformity.
- a granular shape In order to facilitate handling after kneading, it is preferably molded into a granular shape, a pellet shape, or a flake shape.
- a plate or bowl shape With a roll press or pasta machine, it may be separated with another cutter, or an extrusion molding machine with a cutter, or a disk pellet machine or tableting molding machine is used. May be molded into a pellet shape.
- it may be sized spherically using a drum type granulator or a disk type granulator.
- the interlayer distance of the layered silicate is non-uniform.
- the full width at half maximum (2 0) of the (0 0 1) plane peak by X-ray diffraction is 0.9 deg or less.
- thermoplastic resin (D) a resin composition in which the layered silicate is uniformly dispersed in the nanometer order in the thermoplastic resin by melt-kneading the organically modified layered silicate solid with the thermoplastic resin (D). Is obtained.
- the thermoplastic resin (D) to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is a thermoplastic polymer compound.
- a thermoplastic polymer compound for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, Polyvinylidene chloride, Polyethylene terephthalate, Polybutylene terephthalate, Polystyrene, ABS resin (acrylonitrile monobutadiene-styrene copolymer resin), AS resin (acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer resin), Polymethyl methacrylate Evening rate, Polyamide, Polyacetal, Polycarbonate, Polyphenylene sulfide, Polyphenylene ether, Polyether ether Ketone, Polysulfone, Polyethersulfone, Polyimide, Polyetherimide, Thermoplastic polyimide, Natural rubber, Isoprene rubber, Chloroprene rubber, Styrene rubber, Nitrile rubber, Ethylene-propylene rubber, But
- compositions of the present invention containing a layered silicate at a high concentration are preferably used. These may be used singly or in combination of two or more. If the composition of the present invention containing a layered silicate at a high concentration is obtained, it is convenient to contain an arbitrary amount of the layered silicate as a master batch. When preparing such a composition, it is advantageous to select a thermoplastic resin having a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 or less. Further, a thermoplastic resin having a polar group and a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 or less is selected. It is advantageous to choose.
- selecting a polyolefin resin that does not originally have a polar group for example, selecting a polyolefin resin having a polar group modified with maleic anhydride or the like can be used in combination with a layered silicate. This is advantageous because the solubility is improved and aggregation of the layered silicate can be suppressed.
- the blending ratio of the thermoplastic resin (D) and the organically modified layered silicate solid is thermoplastic.
- the organic layered silicate solids are in an amount of 0.01 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 0.03 to 50 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 0.1 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the resin (D). It is recommended to select 20 parts by weight.
- a kneader generally used for thermoplastic resins can be applied.
- it may be a single-screw or multi-screw kneading extruder, a roll, a Banbury mixer, etc.
- the kneader is provided with a vent port, and the temperature of the organically modified layered silicate solid inlet and the subsequent vent port of the kneader is less than the boiling point of the solvent (C), and the kneading continues to the vent port.
- the temperature of the zone of the machine is not less than the boiling point of the solvent (C) and less than the boiling point of the dispersant (B).
- the solvent (C) is selectively evaporated to increase the concentration of the dispersant (B), thereby increasing the plasticity and Z or adhesive strength of the organically modified layered silicate (A). Melting and kneading can be performed.
- the kneader has at least two vent ports, and at least one of the vent ports evaporates and removes the solvent (C) under reduced pressure.
- thermoplastic resin (D) one containing a polyamide resin can be preferably used. Then, a polyamide resin having a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 or less and an organically modified layered silicate solid are combined and melt-kneaded to produce a mass batch, and this is further mixed with another polyamide resin. Can be melt-kneaded together.
- the polyamide resin having a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 or less is advantageously one containing 5% by weight or more in the thermoplastic resin composition. When the weight average molecular weight exceeds 100,000, it is difficult for the polyamide to enter between the layers constituting the layered silicate, so that the layered silicate becomes difficult to disperse. If the content is not more than 5% by weight, the effect of using the polyamide resin is small.
- thermoplastic resin (D) and a layered silicate are included, and no peak on the (0 0 1) plane caused by the layered silicate is observed by X-ray diffraction.
- a thermoplastic resin composition is obtained.
- the thermoplastic resin composition in which the layered silicate is dispersed on the nano order can be produced with high productivity by the method of the present invention described above.
- the layered silicate is dispersed in the nano order.
- Various molded products can be produced by molding a thermoplastic resin composition.
- the molding method used here is not particularly limited, and is a molding method generally used for thermoplastic resins, that is, injection molding, hollow molding, extrusion molding, sheet molding, thermoforming, rotational molding.
- a molding method such as lamination molding or press molding can be applied.
- the sample was put in a porcelain crucible, heated with a gas burner to burn organic matter, and then heated in a Matsuo furnace at 75 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the weight of the remaining inorganic substance was measured, and the weight percentage with respect to the measurement object was determined, and the residue was left as a residue.
- Dispersion medium retention (w t%) [1 1 (X) / 7 4 .. 2] X 1 0 0
- the half-width of the peak was measured in order to evaluate the uniformity of the interlayer distance. Crystal lattice (0 0 1)
- the peak of the surface was enlarged, the baseline was determined from the background before and after, and the half width (2 ⁇ °) was measured after subtracting the baseline
- a 6.4 mm thick test piece was molded in accordance with A S TM— D 7 90 and subjected to a three-point bending test.
- a strip test piece with a thickness of 12.7 mm was formed in accordance with A S TM—D 2 5 6 and a notch was made in the post-processing, and evaluation was performed with an Izod impact tester.
- the manufactured pellets are mixed with nylon 6 pellets (UBE NY L ON 1 0 2 4 B number average molecular weight 2 4 0 0 0, manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.) so that the residual value is 1.74.
- nylon 6 pellets UE NY L ON 1 0 2 4 B number average molecular weight 2 4 0 0 0, manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.
- Supplied to a single screw extruder equipped with a die USV— 2 5 — 2 8— 2 0 0 made of duon plastic
- set temperature of the extruder 2600 ° C set temperature of the extruder 2600 ° C
- screw rotation speed 3 O rpm screw rotation speed 3 O rpm
- cooling roll A film having a thickness of 30 m was produced under the condition of 30 ° C.
- a 12-aminododecanoic acid hydrochloride aqueous solution was added to the montmorillonite aqueous dispersion, stirred at a temperature of 80 ° C. for 60 minutes, and then filtered. Further, this was thoroughly washed with ion-exchanged water and dried with a dryer. Drying was not completed and stopped halfway, and powdered with a stamp mill (Nisto Kagaku Co., Ltd. Z Aichi Electric Co., Ltd. Nitichi Stamp Mill AN SI 4 type 3 aluminum mortar). The moisture content of the pulverized product and the interlayer separation by powder X-ray diffraction were measured and found to be 35.8% by weight and 1 8. OA. A portion of the sample was completely dried, and the residue and layer spacing were measured to be 74.2% by weight and 17.4 A.
- the residue of the obtained composite was measured, it was 45.5% by weight. Further, when powder X-ray diffraction was performed, the layer interval was 28.1 A, and the half width of the peak on the 0 0 1 surface was 0.8 1 deg.
- the total amount of dispersion medium is 3 8.5 wt%, of which the water content was 10.2 wt%.
- the amount of dispersant (B) is obtained by subtracting the amount of water from the total amount of dispersion medium (the same applies hereinafter).
- a clay-like composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the total kneading time after adding 2-pyrrolidone was 20 minutes. Table 1 shows the residue of the composite and the results of powder X-ray diffraction. The total amount of the dispersion medium (2-pyrrolidone and water) in the clay-like composite was 43.5% by weight, of which the water content was 18.6% by weight. Comparative Example 1
- a wet powdery (not clayy) composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the total kneading time after adding 2-pyrrolidone was 5 minutes. Table 1 shows the residue of the composite and the results of powder X-ray diffraction. The total amount of the dispersion medium was 47.1% by weight, of which the water content was 24.7% by weight. Comparative Example 2
- a wet powder composite was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 2-pyrrolidone was not added and kneading was not performed.
- Table 1 shows the residue of the obtained composite and the results of powder X-ray diffraction.
- the total amount of the dispersion medium was 49.5% by weight, of which the water content was 28.5% by weight.
- a 12-aminododecanoic acid hydrochloride aqueous solution was added to the montmorillonite monoaqueous dispersion, and the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 80 ° C. for 60 minutes, followed by filtration. Further, this was thoroughly washed with ion-exchanged water and dried at 100 ° C. for 36 hours in a dryer.
- Semi-dried organic montmorillonite stamp mill (Nichito Kagaku Co., Ltd. / Aichi Electric Co., Ltd. Nitto Stamp Mill
- a clay-like substance was obtained by the above operation.
- the residue of the obtained clay-like substance was measured and powder X-ray diffraction was performed, the residue was 51.2% by weight, the layer spacing was 27.0 A, and the half width was 0.8 2 deg. .
- the total amount of the dispersion medium was 31.0% by weight, of which the water content was 7.0% by weight.
- This clay-like substance was formed into a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 4 mm and a length of 5 mm using a single screw extruder, and a nylon pellet (UBE NY L ON 1 0 2 4 B number average molecular weight 2 4 by Ube Industries, Ltd.) And then kneaded using a kneader (TEX 30 manufactured by Nippon Steel).
- the mixing ratio of the clay-like substance and the nylon pellet was calculated so that the residue was about 3.7, and the nylon pellet was 100 parts by weight with respect to 7.6 parts by weight of the clay-like substance.
- Figure 1 shows the composition of the kneading zone of the kneader.
- reference numeral 1 1 is a feeder
- 1 2 is a hopper
- 1 3 is a kneading section
- 1 4 and 15 are vent ports
- 17 is a vacuum pump.
- a vent port (normal pressure) 14 was provided in the kneading zone (2) so that water vapor generated in the kneading zone (3) was released.
- the ventro provided in the kneading zone (14) was evacuated to 160 torr or less, and 2-pyrrolidone was removed by evaporation. When the residue of the obtained resin composition was measured, it was 3.4% by weight.
- the tensile strength and tensile modulus were 92 MPa and 4. OGPa, respectively.
- the bending strength and flexural modulus were 1 3 6 MP a and 4. OGP a, respectively.
- Number of gels was 2 0 0 / i or nine ZO. 0 4 m 2, from 1 0 0 ⁇ 01 to 2 0 0 1 8 / 0. 0 4 m 2. Comparative Example 3
- a 12-aminododecanoic acid hydrochloride aqueous solution was added to the montmorillonite aqueous dispersion, stirred at a temperature of 80 ° C. for 60 minutes, and then filtered. Further, this was thoroughly washed with ion-exchanged water, and dried at 100 ° C. for 36 hours with a dryer.
- the semi-dried organic montmorillo rice cake was pulverized with a stamp mill (Nisto Kagaku Co., Ltd., Z Aichi Electric Co., Ltd., Nitchi Stamp Mill AN S 1 4 3 type alumina mortar). The water content of the powdered material was measured and found to be 35.1% by weight.
- the wet powder obtained as described above was mixed with nylon powder (UBE NY L ON PI 0 2 2 number average molecular weight 2 2 0 0 0, manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.) and kneaded (TEX 3 0 manufactured by Nippon Steel Works). ) And kneaded.
- the mixing ratio of the wet powder and the nylon pellet was calculated so that the residue was around 3.7, and the nylon pellet was 100 parts by weight with respect to 10.6 parts by weight of the wet powder.
- Table 2 shows the physical properties of the organic montmorillonite complex and resin composition obtained. Comparative Example 4
- a montmorillonite-moisture dispersion solution was prepared by dispersing 400 g of Yamagata montmorillonite ⁇ (cation exchange amount 1 1 9 milliequivalent Z 1 0 0 g) in 10 L of water. Next, add 10.5 g of 1 2 -amino dodecanoic acid to 6 0.5 g of 35% hydrochloric acid and 1 L of water and dissolve completely at 80 ° C. An aqueous salt solution was prepared. A 12_aminododecanoic acid hydrochloride aqueous solution was added to the montmorillonite aqueous dispersion, and the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 80 ° C for 60 minutes, followed by filtration.
- the wet powder obtained as described above is mixed with nylon powder (UBE NY LONP 100 2 2 number average molecular weight 2 2 0 0 0 manufactured by Ube Industries Co., Ltd.) and kneaded (TEX 3 0 manufactured by Nippon Steel) And kneaded.
- nylon powder UE NY LONP 100 2 2 number average molecular weight 2 2 0 0 0 manufactured by Ube Industries Co., Ltd.
- TEX 3 0 manufactured by Nippon Steel
- the mixing ratio of the wet powder and nylon pellet was calculated so that the residue was around 3.7, and the nylon pellet was used for 9.7 parts by weight of the wet powder. The amount was 100 parts by weight.
- Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained organic montmorillonite composite and resin composition.
- the powder obtained as described above is mixed with nylon powder (UBE NYL ON P 1 0 2 2 number average molecular weight 2 2 0 0 0 manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.) and kneaded (TEX 3 0 manufactured by Nippon Steel Works). And kneaded.
- the mixing ratio of the powder and the nylon pellet was calculated so that the residue was around 3.7, and the nylon pellet was 100 parts by weight with respect to 5.6 parts by weight of the powder.
- Table 2 shows the physical properties of the organically modified montmorillonite complex and resin composition obtained.
- the kneaded product was placed in a constant temperature and constant air dryer and dried at 70 ° C. for a total of 36 hours. Half-dry kneaded material is removed after 16 hours Then, the mixture was kneaded using a single screw extruder and returned to a constant temperature and constant air dryer. After a predetermined time has passed, the kneaded product is taken out, kneaded twice using a single screw extruder, extruded from a 4 mm diameter die in the final kneading, and then cut into a pellet. .
- pelletized clay-like organic montmorillonite was dried at 40 ° C for 16 hours in a thermostatic oven.
- a clay-like substance pellet was obtained.
- the residue of the clay-like pellets obtained was measured and X-ray powder diffraction was performed, the residue was 45.2% by weight, the layer spacing was 31.2 A, and the half width was 0.75 deg. Met.
- the total amount of the dispersion medium of the clay-like material pellets was 39.0% by weight, and the water content was 4.1% by weight.
- This clay-like material pellet was blended with a nylon pellet (UBE NY L ON 1 0 2 4 B number average molecular weight 2 4 0 0 0 manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.) and a kneading machine (TEX 4 4 manufactured by Nippon Steel Works). ), And kneaded at a discharge rate of 20 kg / h, a temperature of 25 ° C., and a rotation speed of 400 rpm.
- the mixing ratio of the clay-like substance and the nylon pellet was calculated so that the residue was about 3.7, and the nylon pellet was 100 parts by weight with respect to 8.6 parts by weight of the clay-like substance.
- the structure of the kneading zone of the kneader is shown in FIG.
- Example 5 shows the same members as those in FIG. 1 and the same members as those in FIG. 1 are indicated by the same reference numerals.
- a vent port was provided in the kneading zone (9), and the vacuum was set to 160 ° Torr or less to evaporate and remove the ⁇ -force pro- lum.
- Table 3 shows the physical properties of the obtained resin composition.
- a resin composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the discharge rate was 40 kg / h during resin kneading.
- the physical properties of the obtained resin composition are shown in Table 3.
- a resin composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the discharge amount was 60 kg Zh at the time of resin kneading.
- the physical properties of the obtained resin composition are shown in Table 3.
- a resin composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the discharge rate was 90 kg / h during resin kneading.
- the physical properties of the obtained resin composition are shown in Table 3. Comparative Example 6
- This liquid (hereinafter referred to as “organized montmorillonite slurry”) and a nai pellet (UBE NYL ON 1 0 2 4 B number average molecular weight 2 4 0 0 0) manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd. ) And kneaded at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a rotational speed of 40 O rpm.
- the mixing ratio of the clay-like substance and the organized montmorillonite slurry was set to 100 parts by weight of nylon pellets with respect to 105 parts by weight of the organized montmorinate slurry.
- Fig. 3 shows the composition of the kneading zone of the kneader. In FIG. 3, the same members as those in FIG. 1 are indicated by the same reference numerals. Only the nylon pellets are charged from the kneading zone (1), and the pressure Organized montmorillonite slurry 19 was injected using a pump 18.
- An atmospheric pressure vent 14 was installed in (2) and a vacuum ventro 15 was installed in the kneading zone (9) to remove the generated gas. Resin kneading was possible when the discharge rate in the kneader was 20 kg Z h, but when the discharge rate was increased to 40 kg / h, intense gas ejection occurred from the atmospheric pressure vent port 14 and the decompression vent port 15, Immediately after that, the decompression vent 15 was closed with molten resin, and the resin kneading could not be continued.
- thermoplastic resin composition in which the layered silicate is uniformly dispersed in a nano-order can be obtained with high productivity. It can be seen that it can be produced industrially advantageously.
- the conventional slurry method it can be seen that even when the discharge amount is 40 kg Zh, the vent port is closed with the molten resin, and the resin kneading cannot be performed.
- the organic layered silicate solid of the present invention has a uniform distribution of interlayer distance, the layered silicate is uniformly dispersed in the nano order by melt kneading with a thermoplastic resin using this.
- a thermoplastic resin composition having excellent heat resistance and the like can be produced industrially and advantageously with high productivity.
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Cited By (6)
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JP2014111531A (ja) * | 2007-11-13 | 2014-06-19 | Tomoegawa Paper Co Ltd | 粘土薄膜及びその製造方法 |
WO2017220507A1 (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2017-12-28 | Byk-Chemie Gmbh | A process of manufacturing thickeners and the use of thus produced thickeners in high-viscosity non aqueous formulations |
WO2017220506A1 (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2017-12-28 | Byk-Chemie Gmbh | A process of manufacturing thickeners and the use of thus produced thickeners in high-viscosity unsaturated polyester containing formulations |
CN109824993A (zh) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-31 | 新奥石墨烯技术有限公司 | 纳米材料/聚合物复合材料及其制备方法 |
KR20190112774A (ko) * | 2017-02-01 | 2019-10-07 | 바스프 에스이 | 침전에 의한 폴리아마이드 분말의 제조 방법 |
JP7376046B2 (ja) | 2019-01-21 | 2023-11-08 | 公立大学法人大阪 | 層状化合物の剥離層分散液及びそれを用いた透明基板 |
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CN109311681A (zh) * | 2016-06-22 | 2019-02-05 | 毕克化学有限公司 | 制造增稠剂的方法和由此制成的增稠剂在含不饱和聚酯的高粘度制剂中的用途 |
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KR20190112774A (ko) * | 2017-02-01 | 2019-10-07 | 바스프 에스이 | 침전에 의한 폴리아마이드 분말의 제조 방법 |
KR102463559B1 (ko) * | 2017-02-01 | 2022-11-07 | 바스프 에스이 | 침전에 의한 폴리아마이드 분말의 제조 방법 |
JP7376046B2 (ja) | 2019-01-21 | 2023-11-08 | 公立大学法人大阪 | 層状化合物の剥離層分散液及びそれを用いた透明基板 |
CN109824993A (zh) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-31 | 新奥石墨烯技术有限公司 | 纳米材料/聚合物复合材料及其制备方法 |
CN109824993B (zh) * | 2019-01-29 | 2021-09-14 | 新奥石墨烯技术有限公司 | 纳米材料/聚合物复合材料及其制备方法 |
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