WO2006001083A1 - 固体高分子電解質および燃料電池用電極並びに燃料電池 - Google Patents
固体高分子電解質および燃料電池用電極並びに燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006001083A1 WO2006001083A1 PCT/JP2004/009494 JP2004009494W WO2006001083A1 WO 2006001083 A1 WO2006001083 A1 WO 2006001083A1 JP 2004009494 W JP2004009494 W JP 2004009494W WO 2006001083 A1 WO2006001083 A1 WO 2006001083A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solid polymer
- fuel cell
- polymer electrolyte
- compound
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1046—Mixtures of at least one polymer and at least one additive
- H01M8/1048—Ion-conducting additives, e.g. ion-conducting particles, heteropolyacids, metal phosphate or polybenzimidazole with phosphoric acid
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1067—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by their physical properties, e.g. porosity, ionic conductivity or thickness
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid polymer electrolyte, a fuel cell electrode, and a fuel cell.
- this electrolyte membrane made of perfluorinated ponsulfonic acid has sufficient proton conductivity and output at an operating temperature of 10 O to 30 ° C and a relative humidity of 50% or less. There was a drawback that it was not possible to obtain.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell electrode and a fuel cell using an electrolyte. Disclosure of the invention
- the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention comprises an acid and an iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer.
- the iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer can contain a large amount of phosphoric acid due to its molecular structure. Moreover, the iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer can form an integral membrane with phosphoric acid without being separated from phosphoric acid. For this reason, the proton conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte can be increased. Furthermore, since iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer has high insulating properties and excellent heat resistance, it can be suitably used as an electrolyte membrane for fuel cells.
- the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention may contain at least one or more Lewis basic compounds.
- the phosphoric acid content in the solid polymer electrolyte can be improved by adding the Lewis basic compound. Thereby, the proton conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte can be further increased.
- the content of the Lewis basic compound relative to the total of the iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer and the Lewis basic compound is preferably less than 50% by mass.
- the Lewis basic compound is preferably at least one of imidazole, indole, benzimidazole, and purine.
- the electrode for a fuel cell according to the present invention is configured to contain at least an electrode substance and the solid polymer electrolyte.
- the solid polymer electrolyte excellent in proton conductivity is included in a part of the electrode for the fuel cell, protons are easily conducted to the inside of the electrode for the fuel cell.
- the internal resistance of the electrode itself can be reduced.
- the fuel cell of the present invention comprises a pair of electrodes and an electrolyte membrane disposed between the electrodes, and a part or all of the electrolyte membrane is the solid polymer electrolyte, and A part of the electrode is configured to contain the solid polymer electrolyte.
- the solid polymer electrolyte excellent in proton conductivity is provided as the electrolyte membrane, and further, the solid polymer electrolyte is provided in part of the electrode, so that the internal impedance of the fuel cell is reduced.
- the current density of the fuel cell can be increased.
- FIG. 1A to FIG. 1D are diagrams showing the structural formulas of iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymers.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the cell voltage and the current density of the fuel cell of Example 1.
- the fuel cell of the present invention includes a hydrogen electrode that is one electrode, an oxygen electrode that is the other electrode, and a solid polymer electrolyte disposed between the hydrogen electrode and the oxygen electrode.
- the fuel cell operates in a temperature range of 100 ° C. to 300 ° C.
- the solid polymer electrolyte has proton conductivity, and conducts protons (hydrogen ions) generated on the hydrogen electrode side to the oxygen electrode side. Protons conducted by the solid polymer electrolyte electrochemically react with oxygen ions at the oxygen electrode to generate water and generate electrical energy.
- the hydrogen electrode and the oxygen electrode also contain a gel electrolyte.
- the hydrogen electrode and the oxygen electrode each contain an electrode material such as activated carbon and a binder for solidifying and forming the electrode material, and a part or all of the binder and the solid polymer electrolyte.
- an electrode material such as activated carbon and a binder for solidifying and forming the electrode material, and a part or all of the binder and the solid polymer electrolyte.
- the solid polymer electrolyte is composed of an acid and an iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer.
- a Lewis basic compound may be added to the solid polymer electrolyte.
- the acid examples include phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid, and mixtures thereof.
- the phosphoric acid includes either or both of orthophosphoric acid and condensed phosphoric acid.
- the iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer has the structural formula shown in FIG. 1A.
- the repeating unit is in the range of 10 to 100 00
- the substituent X is a molecular unit depending on the monomer of the synthesis raw material.
- the substituent X is a molecule obtained by removing the isocyanate group from diisocyanate.
- the iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer is suitable as an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell because it has high insulation and excellent heat resistance.
- the iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer can contain a particularly large amount of phosphoric acid due to its molecular structure.
- the iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer can form an integral membrane without being separated from phosphoric acid. Therefore, the proton conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte can be increased by containing the iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer in the solid polymer electrolyte.
- the iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer contains nitrogen in the molecule, and exhibits weak Lewis basicity due to the presence of this nitrogen.
- the iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer has a lower basicity than a conventional polybenzimidazole and the like, and is relatively neutral. Therefore, the interaction between the iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer and phosphoric acid is the same as that of polybenzimidazole. It is weaker than For this reason, the acid is not restrained inside the iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer, and the acid can move relatively freely. Thereby, high proton conductivity can be expressed even with a small amount of acid. Further, since the acid content can be reduced, the mechanical strength of the solid polymer electrolyte can be improved.
- the iminoimidazolidine dimer compound polymer a polymer obtained by introducing a hydrocyanic acid gas in a solvent such as dimethylformamide and superimposing a diisocyanate compound can be exemplified.
- the diisocyanate compound include diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MD I), 4,4′-diphenyl ether diisocyanate (O D I), naphthylene 1,5-diisocyanate (N D I), and the like.
- the iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer can also be synthesized from a dicyanoformamide and the diisocyanate monosaccharide compound.
- the iminoimidazolidine diene polymer can also be synthesized from a cyanoformamidyl isocyanate.
- FIG. 1B shows an iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer synthesized from diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI).
- FIG. 1C shows an iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer synthesized from 4,4′-diphenylterdiisocyanate (ODI).
- FIG. 1D shows an iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer synthesized from naphthylene 1,5-diisocyanate (NDI).
- n 2 indicating a repeating unit is in the range of 10 to 100.000.
- the iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer shown in FIG. 1B to FIG. 1D has a paravanic acid structure in the molecule, it can contain a large amount of phosphoric acid.
- the iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer shown in FIGS. 1B to 1D can form an integral membrane without being separated from phosphoric acid. Thereby, the proton conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte can be increased.
- the iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer shown in FIGS. 1B to 1D has an aromatic ring such as a benzene ring in the molecule, the heat resistance can be improved.
- the selection of diisocyanate compounds As a result, the degree of freedom in molecular design is increased, whereby the interaction between the iminoimidazolidine dione compound polymer and phosphoric acid can be adjusted.
- the acid content (swelling ratio) in the solid polymer electrolyte can be increased, and the proton conductivity can be further increased.
- the content of the Lewis basic compound with respect to the total amount of the iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymer and the Lewis basic compound is preferably less than 50% by mass.
- the Lewis basic compound is desirably water-insoluble.
- the Lewis basic compound does not flow out of the solid polymer electrolyte together with water, and the proton conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte is increased. Can remain high over time.
- Lewis basic compound it is preferable to add at least one of imidazole, benzimidazole, pyrazole, and purine, and benzimidazole is particularly preferable because it is poorly water-soluble.
- MDI diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- ODI 4, 4'-diphenyl ether diisocyanate
- ND I Diisocyanate
- the obtained P ImMD I, P ImODI, and P ImND I were each dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone to give a 10% by weight solution. These solutions were coated on a glass plate using a doctor blade, pre-dried at 60 ° C, and further dried at 120 ° C for 15 minutes to form a polymer film. After washing with water, vacuum drying was performed at 60 ° C. and 0.1 torr. All film thicknesses were about 30 m. Next, the obtained polymer film was directly immersed in 85% phosphoric acid at room temperature. After 2 hours, the polymer membrane was pulled up and the phosphoric acid on the membrane surface was wiped off with a wiping cloth. In this way, the solid polymer electrolytes of Examples 1 to 3 were produced.
- PI mMDI was dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone to obtain a 10% by mass solution.
- 10% by mass of benzimidazole, imidazole, indole and purine were added with respect to PI mMDI.
- these solutions were coated on a glass plate using a doctor blade in the same manner as in Example 1, preliminarily dried at 60 ° C, and further dried at 120 for 15 minutes.
- a polymer film was formed. After washing with water, vacuum drying was performed under the conditions of 6 OX, 0.1 t 0 rr. All film thicknesses were about 30 // m.
- the obtained polymer film was directly immersed in 85% phosphoric acid at room temperature. After 2 hours, the polymer membrane was pulled up and the phosphoric acid on the membrane surface was wiped off with a wiping cloth. Thus, the solid polymer electrolytes of Examples 4 to 7 were produced.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, P 1 mMD I was dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone to obtain a 10% by mass solution. To this solution, 20 to 50% by mass of benzimidazole was added with respect to PI mMDI. Next, a polymer film was formed under the same conditions as in Example 1, and the obtained polymer film was immersed in phosphoric acid. In this way, the solid polymer electrolytes of Examples 8 to 9 and Comparative Example 1 were produced.
- Polybens imidazole is dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone to prepare a solution, followed by coating, preliminary drying, main drying, and swelling by immersion in water in order, and a polybens imidazole with a thickness of 30 m.
- a membrane was produced.
- the obtained polybenzimidazole membrane was directly immersed in 85% phosphoric acid at room temperature, and after 2 hours, it was lifted and the phosphoric acid on the surface of the moon was wiped off with a wiping cloth. In this way, the solid polymer electrolyte of Comparative Example 2 was produced.
- Table 1 shows the types of iminoimidazolidindione compound polymers of Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, the types of Lewis basic compounds, iminoimidazolidine lysinedione compound polymers, and Lewis basic compounds. The content of the Lewis basic compound relative to the total is shown.
- Proton conductivity was measured by punching a solid polymer electrolyte into a circular shape with a diameter of 13 mm to measure proton conductivity under non-humidified conditions. After sandwiching between blocking electrodes and allowing to stand at 70 for 1 hour, the resistance between the electrodes was measured by the AC impedance method. The results are shown in Table 2.
- solid polymer electrolytes using iminoimidazolidinedione compound polymers have high proton conductivity and sufficient conductivity as fuel cell electrolytes.
- Examples 4 to 5 were carried out with the addition rate of the Lewis basic compound being 10%.
- Example 9 it can be seen that the proton conductivity is further improved as compared with the fixed polymer electrolyte to which the Lewis basic compound is not added.
- the phosphoric acid swelling rate increases as the benzimidazole addition rate increases, and the proton conductivity also increases.
- Comparative Example 2 it can be seen that the proton conductivity is greatly reduced even though the swelling rate of phosphoric acid is similar to that of the other examples. This is thought to be because polybenzimidazole, which is a high molecular host, is relatively strongly basic, and thus the interaction between phosphoric acid and polybenzimidazole became stronger, impeding the conduction of hydrogen ions. .
- the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention exhibits high proton conductivity even though the phosphoric acid content is relatively low. Also, since the phosphoric acid content is low, it is considered that the mechanical strength of the membrane is relatively improved.
- a fuel cell was constructed by sandwiching the solid polymer electrolyte of Example 1 between the electrodes.
- a power generation test was conducted using hydrogen as the anode gas and air as the power sword gas.
- the temperature of the fuel cell was set at 130 ° C.
- the supply amounts of hydrogen and oxygen were set at 100 ml / min and 300 m 1 Z, respectively, and the supply gas was not humidified.
- Figure 2 shows the relationship between fuel cell voltage and current density.
- the fuel cell using the solid polymer electrolyte of Example 1 was capable of generating power up to a current density of 0.5 AZ cm 2 or more. Since the solid polymer electrolyte of Example 1 has high proton conductivity, it is considered that the internal resistance of the fuel cell is kept low, thereby obtaining a high output. Industrial applicability
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/009494 WO2006001083A1 (ja) | 2004-06-29 | 2004-06-29 | 固体高分子電解質および燃料電池用電極並びに燃料電池 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/009494 WO2006001083A1 (ja) | 2004-06-29 | 2004-06-29 | 固体高分子電解質および燃料電池用電極並びに燃料電池 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006001083A1 true WO2006001083A1 (ja) | 2006-01-05 |
Family
ID=35781635
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/009494 WO2006001083A1 (ja) | 2004-06-29 | 2004-06-29 | 固体高分子電解質および燃料電池用電極並びに燃料電池 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO2006001083A1 (ja) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0286658A (ja) * | 1988-09-21 | 1990-03-27 | Ryuichi Yamamoto | 新しい高分子固体電解質 |
JP2001233974A (ja) * | 2000-02-23 | 2001-08-28 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | イオン交換膜とその製造方法 |
JP2001332306A (ja) * | 1999-11-22 | 2001-11-30 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | ポリマー電解質および二次電池 |
JP2004006232A (ja) * | 2001-12-27 | 2004-01-08 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 高分子電解質 |
JP2004256797A (ja) * | 2003-02-04 | 2004-09-16 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 高分子電解質、プロトン伝導膜および膜−電極構造体 |
-
2004
- 2004-06-29 WO PCT/JP2004/009494 patent/WO2006001083A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0286658A (ja) * | 1988-09-21 | 1990-03-27 | Ryuichi Yamamoto | 新しい高分子固体電解質 |
JP2001332306A (ja) * | 1999-11-22 | 2001-11-30 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | ポリマー電解質および二次電池 |
JP2001233974A (ja) * | 2000-02-23 | 2001-08-28 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | イオン交換膜とその製造方法 |
JP2004006232A (ja) * | 2001-12-27 | 2004-01-08 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 高分子電解質 |
JP2004256797A (ja) * | 2003-02-04 | 2004-09-16 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 高分子電解質、プロトン伝導膜および膜−電極構造体 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5525436A (en) | Proton conducting polymers used as membranes | |
JP4416778B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用スルホン化パーフルオロシクロブタン多価電解質膜 | |
US6962959B2 (en) | Composite electrolyte with crosslinking agents | |
JP2006147165A (ja) | 固体高分子電解質膜とこの製造方法およびこれを用いた燃料電池 | |
US7488549B2 (en) | Proton conducting polymer, polymer membrane comprising the same, method of manufacturing the polymer membrane, and fuel cell using the polymer membrane | |
JP5233065B2 (ja) | イオン性基を有するポリマー、高分子電解質材料、高分子電解質部品、膜電極複合体および高分子電解質型燃料電池 | |
KR20130040022A (ko) | 고분자 전해질막 및 이를 포함하는 연료 전지 | |
KR100506096B1 (ko) | 말단 술폰산기를 포함하는 고분자 및 이를 채용한 고분자전해질과 연료 전지 | |
JP5005160B2 (ja) | ゲル電解質及び燃料電池 | |
JP4637488B2 (ja) | ゲル電解質および燃料電池用電極および燃料電池 | |
JP4762695B2 (ja) | プロトン伝導性固体高分子電解質及び燃料電池 | |
KR101042960B1 (ko) | 연료전지용 고체고분자 전해질 및 연료전지 | |
KR102629899B1 (ko) | 화합물, 이로부터 유래되는 단위를 포함하는 중합체, 이를 포함하는 고분자 분리막, 이를 포함하는 막 전극 집합체, 연료전지 및 레독스 플로우 전지 | |
JP2003229143A (ja) | プロトン伝導性高分子膜及びそれからなる燃料電池 | |
WO2006001083A1 (ja) | 固体高分子電解質および燃料電池用電極並びに燃料電池 | |
KR20100083994A (ko) | 염기성 치환기를 갖는 폴리벤즈이미다졸계 고분자 및 이를 포함하는 전해질막 | |
KR100612897B1 (ko) | 프로톤 전도성 전해질, 그 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 연료전지 | |
EP2446499B1 (en) | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell | |
JP5614615B2 (ja) | 高分子電解質、およびその利用 | |
JP2007063533A (ja) | スルホン酸基含有ポリマーとその用途および製造方法 | |
JP4583874B2 (ja) | プロトン伝導性固体高分子電解質膜および燃料電池 | |
WO2013161405A1 (ja) | 電解質膜用組成物、固体高分子電解質膜、該電解質膜の製造方法、膜-電極接合体、固体高分子型燃料電池、水電解セルおよび水電解装置 | |
JP4022833B2 (ja) | スルホン酸基含有ポリマー及びその用途 | |
KR101797160B1 (ko) | 연료 전지용 고분자 전해질 막 전구체 조성물, 연료 전지용 고분자 전해질 막, 이의 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 연료 전지용 막-전극 어셈블리 및 연료 전지 시스템 | |
JP4697385B2 (ja) | イオン交換膜、膜/電極接合体、燃料電池 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Country of ref document: DE |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |