WO2005117803A1 - 塊状物質含有積層フィルム状の可食性口腔内投与剤の製造方法および塊状物質含有積層フィルム状の可食性口腔内投与剤 - Google Patents
塊状物質含有積層フィルム状の可食性口腔内投与剤の製造方法および塊状物質含有積層フィルム状の可食性口腔内投与剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005117803A1 WO2005117803A1 PCT/JP2005/009535 JP2005009535W WO2005117803A1 WO 2005117803 A1 WO2005117803 A1 WO 2005117803A1 JP 2005009535 W JP2005009535 W JP 2005009535W WO 2005117803 A1 WO2005117803 A1 WO 2005117803A1
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- edible
- layer
- edible layer
- resin film
- film
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
- A61J3/00—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P20/00—Coating of foodstuffs; Coatings therefor; Making laminated, multi-layered, stuffed or hollow foodstuffs
- A23P20/20—Making of laminated, multi-layered, stuffed or hollow foodstuffs, e.g. by wrapping in preformed edible dough sheets or in edible food containers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
- A61K9/006—Oral mucosa, e.g. mucoadhesive forms, sublingual droplets; Buccal patches or films; Buccal sprays
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
- A61K9/7007—Drug-containing films, membranes or sheets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel and improved laminated film having a multilayer structure in which extremely thin layers relating to edible oral administration among pharmaceuticals, quasi-drugs, cosmetics, foods, and the like are laminated.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing an edible oral cavity preparation, and to the edible oral cavity preparation.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 edible materials of different types and compositions are put into a hopper divided by a partition plate, and a plurality of band-shaped primary rolled sheets are rolled by primary rolls under the hopper. In the process of transport, the sheets are superimposed at regular intervals in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the sheet, superimposed on each other, and roll-bonded with a secondary roller.
- a method for producing a layered food product is described. However, this method forms a thick multi-layered sheet having rolled plasticity, and is edible with a thickness of several hundred ⁇ m to several tens ⁇ m like edible oral preparations such as pharmaceuticals and foods. It is not possible to manufacture a multilayer structure with a thickness of several thousand ⁇ m to several tens ⁇ m by crimping the material.
- the following patent documents relate to a technique for obtaining a film-shaped edible multilayer structure such as a medicine or food having a thickness of several thousand / zm to several tens / zm.
- Patent Document 3 describes a sheet or tape-shaped preparation for administering buprenorphine to the oral mucosa, and in the first step, buprenorphine or a pharmacologically equivalent active substance can be converted into a film form. Dissolve in a suitable hydrophilic solvent, optionally in the presence of a further dissolution or suspending aid together with the water-soluble polymer, and in a second step, disperse the solution or suspension in a continuous In a third step, most of the solvent is removed to form a sheet or tape-like starting material, which is then applied to a tape or processed sheet or oil in thickness.
- a manufacturing method (Claim 15) is described in which the material is combined to form a multilayer material to form a multilayer material (Claim 15) .However, there is no teaching at all about a specific method for manufacturing a multilayer structure. ! / ,.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a drug-containing layer containing a water-soluble polymer as a main base component, and a non-adhesive layer which is hardly water-soluble and is located on one of the drug-containing layers. And a powdery adhesive substance located on the other surface of the drug-containing layer, and having a multilayered film-form oral administration agent.
- this powdery adhesive substance include carboxyvinyl polymer, polyacrylic acid such as sodium polyacrylate or a pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic salt thereof, an acrylic acid copolymer or a pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic salt thereof.
- Toxic salts derivatives of hydrophilic cellulose such as carboxymethylcellulose and sodium salts, pullulan, povidone, karaya gum, pectin, xanthan gum, tragacanth, alginic acid, gum arabic, acidic polysaccharides or their derivatives or non-toxic salts thereof. ing.
- a solution of the edible layer A method for obtaining a film-shaped oral administration agent having a required multilayer structure by repeatedly performing application or spraying and drying of the applied or sprayed edible layer solution is disclosed in Examples.
- the method can be used on a laboratory scale, but cannot be used industrially.
- the edible layer solution containing another drug, the edible layer solution in which the sticky polymer is maintained in a powder state, and the powder itself are applied by hand on the formed edible layer in order to increase the multilayer force.
- spraying it is difficult to apply or spray the oral solution or powder accurately and quantitatively, and it is not possible to control the exact amount of the drug component, etc. Agents cannot meet the quantitative accuracy required for pharmaceutical formulations.
- Patent Document 5 filed by the same applicant as the present application, discloses three types of layers, a coating layer (a), a drug layer 1 (b), and a drug layer 11 (c), a, b, and c. , B, and a film troche orally administered in the order of a has been proposed.
- a method for producing this film-shaped troche for oral administration a method of forming a desired multilayer laminate structure by repeatedly spreading and drying each edible layer solution (coating solution) on a polyester release film is used. Has been described.
- the applicant moves continuously as shown in FIG.
- a coating device 50 that continuously applies and dries a coating liquid on the resin film is employed.
- the coating device 50 guides the resin film 52 set on the resin film unwinding shaft 51 into the drying furnace 55 through the space between the guide roll 53 and the doctor roll 54, and winds the resin film 52 on the resin film winding shaft 56. By taking this, the resin film 52 is continuously moved.
- the coating liquid 58 supplied to the coating liquid supply dam 57 is applied onto the resin film, and at this time, the clearance between the resin film 52 on the guide roll 53 and the doctor roll 54 is adjusted to a predetermined size. By adjusting the amount, a predetermined amount of coating can be obtained (see a partially enlarged view).
- the coating layer 58a on the resin film 52 formed by the curling was dried by hot air blown uniformly from the hot air blowing device 59 by passing through the drying furnace 55, and an edible layer was formed.
- the resin film 60 is wound on a winding shaft 56 in a roll shape.
- the edible layer-forming resin film 60 wound in a roll shape around the winding shaft 56 is attached to the unwinding shaft 51 again, and a coating liquid 58 having the same composition or a different composition is applied to the dam portion.
- the resin film is supplied to 57 and coated and dried again.Then, the film is wound on a winding shaft 56, whereby a resin film having two edible layers laminated can be manufactured.
- a predetermined application amount can be accurately controlled by setting the clearance between the doctor roll 54 and the resin film 52 to a predetermined size.
- the thickness of the dry edible layer formed in the drying process after the first application varies depending on minute changes in conditions in the drying process and disturbances such as temperature and humidity on that day.
- the thickness at which the coating liquid 58 was actually applied was Since there is a gap between the upper surface of the dried edible layer and the doctor roll 54, the coating thickness of the second edible layer will further vary due to the variation of the first edible layer coating thickness. It is very difficult to measure the variation in thickness of the first edible layer 58a after the drying step.
- Patent document 1 W098Z56266
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-191343
- Patent Document 3 JP-T 2001-506640
- Patent Document 4 Patent No. 2791317
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-288074
- the edible layer solution (coating solution) is spread on the resin film and dried to form the edible layer having a predetermined thickness.
- the edible layer was pressed under pressure from the other side of the resin film, and one of the resin films sandwiching the edible layer adhered to each other was peeled off.
- the edible layer contains at least one edible substance exhibiting at least thermoplastic properties and is heated to a temperature slightly higher than the glass transition point of the thermoplastic edible substance, the edible layer becomes rubbery elastic. Reach the area.
- the edible layers are opposed to each other and pressure is applied from the other surface of the resin film, the edible layers are securely adhered to each other, and a multi-layered edible oral administration agent is obtained. I found that I can do it.
- each of the laminated edible layers is clearly separated individually. Is the feature. That is, as shown in the cross-sectional micrograph of FIG. 8 observed using “Digital Microscope BS-D8000II” (trade name, manufactured by Sonic Corporation), the laminated structure obtained by this crimping method is acceptable. The boundary X between the edible layer and the edible layer is clearly visible, and each stacked edible layer can be clearly identified. On the other hand, in the laminated structure obtained by the conventional lamination coating method in which coating and drying are repeated, the boundary Y of each edible layer appears indistinct and blurred, and each laminated edible layer is clearly defined.
- each edible layer is leached and mixed with each other in the boundary area of each edible layer
- each edible layer is It can be seen that the components of the layers do not leach and do not mix with each other.
- the advantage of this crimping method is that there is no time constraint such as the above quantitative accuracy and drying process, and it also suppresses drug decomposition and unintended reactions caused by mixing of some components of each edible layer. This has the advantage of improving storage stability.
- the edible layer is insoluble or hardly soluble in the coating solvent, and powdery, granular, powdery, powdery or other agglomerates may be present to form irregularities on the surface.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a film-shaped edible oral administration agent having a multilayer structure, in which a granular or powdery bulk material is present in the edible layer, and as a result, the surface is uneven. It is possible to reliably press-bond even very thin edible layers on which odors are formed, satisfy the quantitative accuracy required for pharmaceutical preparations, etc., and have a time constraint in the drying process etc.
- New and improved method for producing edible orally administrable oral dosage form in the form of a laminated film having a multilayer structure in which extremely thin layers are laminated with excellent productivity, and a multilayer structure obtained by the method It is an object of the present invention to provide an edible orally administrable lumpy substance-containing laminated film having the following.
- the method for producing an edible oral administration agent in the form of a lump film containing a lump-sum substance according to claim 1 of the present invention comprises the steps of: When pressed against each other, there is substantially no lump material. (1) The pressure-bonding is performed with an edible layer interposed.
- the edible oral administration agent in the form of a laminated film containing a bulk material according to claim 14 of the present invention has substantially no bulk material between two edible layers in which the bulk material is present. And an edible layer is interposed.
- the coating and drying of the coating liquid are repeatedly performed on the resin film by interposing the edible layer substantially free of the lump material to obtain a desired number of coating liquids.
- the edible layers having irregularities on the surface can be surely pressed together due to the presence of the lump material that does not form the edible layer.
- the edible layer having substantially no lump is interposed between the edible layer and the uneven surface of the edible layer, which has unevenness due to the presence of the lump. Even if this is the case, reliable press-bonding and lamination can be performed, and an edible oral administration agent in the form of a laminated film containing a lump-sum substance can be obtained. Compression and lamination of extremely thin multiple edible layers enable the quantitative accuracy required for pharmaceutical preparations, etc. to be satisfied, and also occurs when some components of each edible layer are mixed There is an advantage that storage stability and the like can be improved by suppressing drug decomposition and unintended reactions.
- the above-mentioned "edible layer substantially free of lump material” means that the surface of the edible layer is substantially smooth when visually observed, and is insoluble in the coating solvent. Or, even if there is a trace amount of hard-to-dissolve powders, granules, powders, granules, etc., even those with a very smooth surface when coated with a single layer are included. An amount of agglomerated substances may be present so that the layer surface does not become uneven. In addition, even if particles (agglomerated substances) insoluble in a solvent, such as titanium oxide, exist, if the particle diameter is extremely small, the layer surface does not become uneven, so that the aggregated matter having a small particle diameter is obtained. May be present.
- the edible layer in which substantially no lump substance is present in the present invention has a height difference of 10 m or less, more preferably 5 m or less when a single layer is formed and coated. Is preferred.
- the method for producing an edible oral administration agent in the form of a laminated film containing a bulk material according to claim 2 of the present invention comprises:
- the resin film peeling step (D) The surface formed on the resin film obtained in (D) is composed of the same component or a different component as that of the edible layer having a substantially smooth surface and the edible layer having an uneven surface.
- the uneven edible surface edible layer having an uneven surface due to the presence of the lump material formed on the resin film in the above-mentioned uneven surface edible layer forming step (A) is overlapped with each other so as to face each other.
- a multiple edible layer press-bonding step in which the edible layers are adhered to each other by pressing from the back side;
- the method for producing an edible oral administration agent in the form of a laminated film containing a bulk material according to claim 4 of the present invention comprises:
- a coating film edible layer press-bonding step a resin film peeling step of peeling at least one of the resin films on both sides of the adhesive edible layer obtained in ⁇ .
- step (L) Coating smooth surface edible layer forming step
- the layers are overlapped so as to face each other and pressed from the back surface of the resin film.
- the method for producing an edible oral administration agent in the form of a bulk film containing a laminated film according to claim 6 of the present invention comprises:
- the above-mentioned resin film peeling step (D) The surface formed on the resin film obtained in the resin film (D) is composed of an almost edible edible layer having substantially the same surface and the same component or a different component as that of the adhered edible layer.
- Concavo-convex surface edible layer forming step An edible layer having a predetermined thickness with a substantially smooth surface formed by coating on the rugged surface of the edible layer formed on the resin film in step (A). Are overlapped so as to face each other and pressed from the back surface of the resin film. From this, a multiple coating adhesion edible layer pressing step of bringing the edible layers into close contact with each other,
- the edible layers having a lump having a lump and having irregularities on the surface are separated from each other by a predetermined thickness having a substantially smooth surface.
- a predetermined thickness having a substantially smooth surface By pressing the edible layer between the edible layers, it is possible to efficiently produce an edible oral administration agent in the form of a laminated film containing a bulky substance having a multilayer structure having a multilayer structure, which could only be conventionally performed by a multilayer coating method.
- the “edible layer having a substantially smooth surface” in the production method according to claims 2 to 6 means that the edible layer is substantially insoluble or soluble in a coating solvent and is substantially a granular or powdery mass. It does not mean that the edible layer has a substantially smooth surface.
- the edible surface edible layer may be formed by directly applying (or directly applying) the edible layer to the resin film, or may be formed on the resin film as necessary. First, a coating layer, a support layer, an adhesive layer, or the like may be applied and formed, and then an uneven surface edible layer may be applied (indirectly applied) thereon.
- the component of the edible layer having a substantially smooth surface formed in the step (B) of forming the edible layer having a smooth surface and the step (I) of forming an edible layer having a coated smooth surface contains an edible thermoplastic substance.
- the composition of the edible layer having irregularities is substantially the same as that of the components excluding the lump material, and it is more preferable that the composition ratio is also approximately the same as the ratio of the remaining components excluding the lump material.
- the thickness of the edible layer having a substantially smooth surface formed in the smooth surface edible layer forming step (B) or the coated smooth surface edible layer forming step (I) is preferably 10 / zm or more, and Preferably it is 10 to 50 ⁇ .
- a smooth surface edible layer is further laminated and applied on the uneven surface edible layer formed on the resin film. It is used as a term meaning a laminated edible layer having a substantially smooth surface.
- the method for producing the edible oral administration agent in the form of a laminated film containing a bulk material according to claim 7 of the present invention is described in claims 1 to 6.
- the pressure at which the edible layer surfaces are overlapped and pressed together is set to 0.05 to 1.5 MPa
- the temperature of the edible layer is set to 30 ° C to 70 ° C. It is characterized by doing.
- the method for producing an edible oral administration agent in the form of a laminated film containing a lump-sum substance according to claim 8 of the present invention is the method according to claim 7, wherein after the edible layers are pressed against each other, By the time the film is peeled off from the edible layer, the edible layer is cooled by at least 10 ° C below the temperature of the edible layer at the time of pressing, and the temperature of the cooled edible layer is lowered. It is characterized in that the temperature does not fall below 0 ° C.
- the method for producing an edible oral administration agent in the form of a laminated film containing a bulk material according to claim 9 of the present invention is characterized in that, in any one of claims 1 to 8, the bulk material is present in the layer.
- the thickness of the edible layer having irregularities formed on the surface is in the range of 25 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the method for producing an edible intraoral dosage form in the form of a laminated film containing a lump-sum substance according to claim 10 of the present invention is characterized in that, in any one of claims 1 to 9 described above, the lump-sum substance has a physiological activity. It is characterized by having an active ingredient.
- the method for producing an edible oral administration preparation in the form of a laminated film containing a lump-sum substance according to claim 11 of the present invention is as described in any one of the above-mentioned claims 1 to: Each of the edible layers is characterized by containing an edible thermoplastic.
- the edible thermoplastic substance according to claim 11 wherein the edible thermoplastic substance is amylose or carboxymethylcellulose.
- Potassium sodium carboxymethylcellulose, calcium carboxymethylcellulose, alkyl alginate, sodium alginate, ethylcellulose, Eudrakit, carboxymethylethylcellulose, carboxymethylstarch, carboxymethylcellulose, agar, gelatin, shellac, dextran, dextrin , Starch, tragacanth, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate, poly Yurupiroridon, characterized in that at least one selected from the group consisting of methacrylic acid copolymer and Mechiruse cellulose phthalate.
- the method for producing an edible oral administration agent in the form of a laminated film containing a lump-sum substance according to claim 13 of the present invention is as described in any one of the above-mentioned claims 1 to:
- Each layer of the edible layer contains an edible non-thermoplastic substance and an edible thermoplasticity-imparting substance.
- the edible oral administration agent in the form of a laminated film containing a bulk material according to claim 15 of the present invention is characterized in that, in the above-mentioned claim 14, the bulk material is an active ingredient having a physiological activity.
- the edible oral cavity preparation in the form of a laminated film containing a bulk material according to claim 16 of the present invention is the edible oral administration agent according to claim 14 or 15, wherein at least the edible layer in which the bulk material is present is present.
- One of the layers and the edible layer substantially free of lump material are characterized by containing an edible thermoplastic material!
- the edible oral cavity preparation in the form of a laminated film containing a bulk material according to claim 17 of the present invention is the above-mentioned edible thermoplastic material according to claim 16, wherein the edible thermoplastic is amylose, carboxymethylcellulose potassium, carboxylate, etc.
- the edible oral cavity preparation in the form of a laminated film containing a lump-sum substance according to claim 18 of the present invention is characterized in that, in the above-mentioned claim 14 or 15, at least the edible layer in which the lump-like substance is present is present.
- One of the layers and the edible layer substantially free of lump material are characterized by containing an edible non-thermoplastic substance and an edible thermoplasticity-imparting substance.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of a crimping apparatus for performing the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a pressing roll force in the pressing device of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a positional relationship between a peeling roll of a film to be peeled and a winding shaft in the pressure bonding apparatus of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing an example of the operation of the crimping device of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of a slitter device arranged in connection with the crimping device of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of an apparatus for preparing an oral administration of a final press-bonded product obtained by the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of a device for preparing an intraoral administration of a final press-bonded product obtained by the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 Micrographs ( ⁇ 800) showing cross sections of a final crimped product obtained by a crimping method and a similar laminated product obtained by a conventional lamination coating method.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing an example of a coating device for applying and drying an edible layer.
- a coating device 50 as shown in FIG. 9 can be preferably used as a coating device for applying and drying the edible layer on the surface of the fat film.
- the resin film 52 unwound from the resin film unwinding shaft 51 passes through a drying furnace 55.
- the resin film 52 is continuously moved by being taken up by the resin film take-up shaft 56, during which the coating liquid 58 stored in the coating liquid supply dam 57 is supplied with the coating liquid 58.
- An edible layer is formed on the resin film surface by being applied on the resin film 52 and dried.
- the application amount of the edible layer can be controlled by adjusting the clearance between the doctor roll 54 and the resin film 52 in the dam portion 57.
- a plurality of edible layers can be formed on the surface of the resin film by repeating the application and drying of the coating liquid a plurality of times using a strong coating apparatus 50.
- a coating liquid of the same component or a different component it is possible to increase the thickness of the edible layer of the same component or to form a plurality of edible layers of various components. Is also possible.
- a single coating or a plurality of coatings with the same component or different components is performed to produce the edible layer-forming resin film 60 on which the desired edible layer is formed. can do.
- Each of the several types of edible layer-forming resin films 60 manufactured in this manner is wound into a roll by a winding shaft 56 to form a roll film, and then the crimping device 10 shown in FIG. 1 is used. Two edible layer-forming resin films are pressed together to produce a laminated film-shaped edible oral dosage form.
- the pressure bonding apparatus 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 is composed of, for example, two resin films each having an edible layer having a predetermined thickness formed on the surface and manufactured using the coating apparatus 50 illustrated in FIG. And a pair of pressing rolls 15, 15 for applying pressure from the back surface of each resin film, and a plurality of pressing rolls which are sent out and in close contact with each other, with the edible layers facing each other.
- the winding shaft 19 is used as a driving roll, and one of the pressing rolls 15, Is used as a drive roll, and a separate drive roll 34 is disposed between the peeling roll 17 and the take-up shaft 19, and these three drive rolls serve as a mechanism for transporting a plurality of edible layer holding resin films, and a pressing roll
- the edible layer-containing resin film 16b sent out from 15, 15 can be conveyed to the winding shaft 19.
- the direction in which the resin film 16b having a plurality of edible layers is conveyed by the conveyance mechanism coincides with the tangential direction of the pressing portions of the pair of pressing rolls 15, 15. Even if they do not always exactly match the tangential direction, as shown in Fig. 2, the deviation between the tangential direction T and the transport direction C is within 30 °, preferably within 15 °, and more preferably within 10 °. Substantially match. In other words, the transport direction is within the range between arrow Y1 and arrow Y2 in FIG.
- the edible layer composed of a plurality of layers has such strength that a self-supporting film can be formed by itself, the edible layer adheres to one of the resin films 16a to be peeled off. In some cases, the edible layer cannot be held on the other resin film 16b. For this reason, the peeling roll 17 is provided at a position along the transport direction of the resin film having a plurality of edible layers sent out from the pressing rolls 15 and 15, and two sheets sandwiching the edible layers adhered to each other. Only one resin film 16a of the resin film 16 is wound by a winding shaft 18 that draws in a direction different from the transport direction of the resin film 16b having a plurality of edible layers. The peeling roll 17 is rotatably provided so as to rotate with the movement of the one resin film 16a to be peeled.
- the diameter D of the peeling roll 17 is reduced to 6 cm or less, preferably 5 cm or less, and the peeling is performed at an angle as steep as possible along the peripheral surface of the peeling roll 17 having a small diameter. This ensures that a plurality of edible layers are retained and retained on the intended other resin film 16b.
- the winding shaft 18 that winds up the resin film 16a to be peeled is used to move the resin film 16a to be peeled from the peeling roll 17 as a starting point in the transport direction C of the resin film 16b having a plurality of edible layers. It is provided at a position where it is drawn in at an angle of 45 ° or more, preferably 60 ° or more. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the winding shaft 18 is provided at a position where the peelable resin film 16a is drawn in at an angle of about 80 ° with respect to the transport direction C.
- the operation of the crimping apparatus 10 of the present invention shown in Fig. 1 is as follows. Edible layer on the surface One of the roll films 11 on which the is formed is set on the upper unwinding shaft 13 of the crimping device 10, and the other roll film 12 on which the edible layer is formed is set on the lower unwinding shaft 14. These roll films 11 and 12 are unwound at predetermined speeds, respectively, are superposed so that the respective edible layer surfaces face each other, and are passed between a pair of pressing rolls 15 and 15 to obtain a resin film. The edible layers are brought into close contact with each other by being pressed.
- the press rolls 15, 15 and guide rollers at the preceding stage of the press rolls 15, 15 are heated by an electric heater, a steam heater, or the like having a built-in roller.
- an electric heater e.g., a steam heater, or the like having a built-in roller.
- the conditions and pressurizing conditions will be described later.
- the press-bonded product 16 that has passed through the press rolls 15, 15 has a structure in which both surfaces are covered with a resin film, and a plurality of edible layers are closely laminated between them. ! /
- the crimped product 16 passes through the film peeling roll 17, the top surface is covered, and the resin film 16 a is continuously peeled, and the peeled resin film tip is moved by the peeling film winding shaft 18. It is wound up.
- the press-bonded product 16b obtained by squeezing that is, the resin film holding a plurality of edible layers, is wound into a roll by a winding shaft 19, and a roll film 20 holding a plurality of edible layers is formed. It is formed.
- a method for producing the edible oral administration agent in the form of a laminated film containing a lump-sum substance according to the present invention will be described using a powerful coating device 50 (Fig. 9) and a pressure bonding device 10 (Fig. 1).
- the first embodiment has the irregularities described below.
- Coating liquid stored in the coating liquid supply dam 57 of the coating device 50 (Fig. 9), which contains powder, granules, powders, and granular materials such as powders, particles, powders, and powders that are insoluble or hardly soluble in the coating solvent.
- 58 is applied directly or indirectly to the resin film 52 through the clearance between the doctor roll 54 and the resin film 52 in the dam portion 57, and the uneven surface is edible with a predetermined thickness with uneven surface. Form a layer.
- the height difference between the surface irregularities is 20 / zm or more, and sometimes 30 / zm or more.
- a coating layer, a support layer or an adhesive layer is first applied on the resin film to form an edible surface edible layer. May be.
- the resin film coated with the coating layer, the support layer or the adhesive layer is wound around the resin film winding shaft 56, and then attached again to the resin film unwinding shaft 51, and the required components are removed. Repeat the application of the coating liquid! /
- a single-layer edible layer may be formed by directly providing the edible layer with an uneven surface on the resin film.
- the thickness of the edible layer formed on the resin film surface by one application is desirably about 25 to 300 m. If the thickness of a single coating is greater than 300 m, the drying time will be too long and the productivity will be poor.
- the coating liquid 58 stored in the coating liquid supply dam 57 of the coating apparatus 50 is placed on a new resin film 52 different from the one used in the step (A) of forming the edible surface edible layer. It is applied through a clearance between the doctor roll 54 and the resin film 52 in the part 57 to form an edible layer having a predetermined thickness and a substantially smooth surface.
- the coating liquid 58 may be a solvent or a solvent such as titanium oxide or the like, in which a lump substance such as a powder, a granule, a powder, or a powdery particle is insoluble or hardly soluble in the coating solvent. Even if insoluble particles (agglomerates) are present, the particle size is extremely small and does not aggregate in the coating liquid . It should be noted that even if there is a trace amount of agglomerated substances such as powders, granules, powders, and granules insoluble or hardly soluble in the coating solvent, the "surface" in the method of the present invention can be used as long as the surface is substantially smooth.
- the edible layer having a substantially smooth surface formed in the step (B) of forming a smooth edible edible layer has a composition in which the height difference is 10 m or less, more preferably 5 m or less. It is preferred that Further, the thickness of the edible layer having a substantially smooth surface is preferably 10 m or more, more preferably 10 to 50 m.
- the components of the edible layer having a substantially smooth surface are not particularly limited, but are formed in the uneven surface edible layer forming step (A), which preferably contains an edible thermoplastic material. It is more preferable that the components are substantially the same as the components excluding the lumps contained in the “edible layer having irregularities on the surface”. Further, the composition ratio in that case is more preferably substantially the same as the ratio of the remaining components excluding the lump material.
- the edible layer-forming resin film formed in the step (A) for forming the edible layer on the uneven surface is attached to the lower unwinding shaft 14 of the crimping device 10 (FIG. 1), and the smooth surface edible layer is formed on the upper unwinding shaft 13.
- the edible layer-forming resin film formed in the forming step (B) is attached, and the edible layers formed on each of the resin films are overlapped so as to face each other. By passing through the gap, the edible layers are brought into close contact with each other by applying pressure from the back surface of the resin film.
- the temperature of the edible layer at the time of pressurization is preferably 30 to 70 ° C. This temperature is slightly higher than the glass transition point of the thermoplastic edible substance in the edible layer, and is a temperature at which the thermoplastic edible substance reaches the rubbery elastic region and is slightly softened to easily adhere. is there.
- the temperature must be appropriately selected depending on the type of the resin film, the type of the substance used for the edible layer, and the like.
- the pressure applied by the pressing roll is set to 0.05 to: L 5 MPa, preferably 0.1 to 0.7 MPa. Excessive pressure undesirably affects the quantitative accuracy per unit area since the edible layer is spread. If the pressure is too low, sufficient adhesion cannot be obtained.
- the lubricating resin film 16b is wound into a roll by the winding shaft 19 to form the adhered edible layer holding roll film 20.
- the temperature of the edible layer at the time of pressurizing with the rolls 15 and 15 is preferably cooled by 10 ° C or more. It is not necessary to perform this cooling excessively.
- the temperature of the edible layer that has been cooled should not fall below 0 ° C, preferably not lower than room temperature (or room temperature). Therefore, this cooling may be performed by extending the distance between the pressing rolls 15 and 15 and the film peeling roll 17 so as to perform natural cooling by heat radiation, or by using room temperature air such as aseptic air or cooling. The air may be blown to cool actively. Thereby, the resin film 16a can be reliably and continuously peeled from the crimped product 16.
- a resin film having an adhesive edible layer having a substantially smooth surface obtained in the resin film peeling step (D) is attached to the lower unwinding shaft 14 of the crimping device 10, and the upper unwinding shaft 13 is The remaining resin film having an uneven surface edible layer having an uneven surface on the surface obtained in the above-mentioned uneven surface edible layer forming step (A), or the same component or a different component as the resin film.
- a resin film having an uneven edible surface edible layer having irregularities is attached to the surface separately obtained in the step (A) of forming the edible surface edible layer. Then, the edible layers formed on each resin film are overlapped so as to face each other, and a pair of pressing rolls is formed. 15 and 15, under the same temperature and pressure conditions as in the above-mentioned pressure bonding step (C), pressure is applied from the back surface of the resin film to bring the edible layers into close contact with each other to form an adhered edible layer. Let me do it.
- each edible layer-formed resin film attached to the lower unwinding shaft 14 and the upper unwinding shaft 13 of the crimping device 10 is reversed in the above-described case.
- a peeling treatment for facilitating peeling of the resin film from the edible layer described later is performed, as described above, in the resin film peeling step (D) attached to the lower unwinding shaft 14.
- the edible layer formed in the above edible layer-forming resin film was not subjected to a release treatment, and the upper unwinding shaft 13 was newly obtained by the above-described step (A).
- the second embodiment of the method for producing an edible oral administration agent in the form of a laminated film containing a lump-sum substance comprises the step (A) of forming an edible layer having an uneven surface and the edible layer having a smooth surface
- a manufacturing method including a forming step (B), a pressure bonding step (C), a resin film peeling step (D), and a multiple adhesion edible layer pressure bonding step (G) and a resin film separation / removal step (H) described below. It is.
- Adhesion of the resin film having an almost edible layer with a substantially smooth surface obtained in the resin film peeling step (D) and adhesion of a substantially smooth surface obtained in the resin film peeling step (D) The remaining resin film having an edible layer, or the same component or a different component of the same, and a new edible surface edible layer forming step (A) and a smooth edible layer forming step (B) And a resin film having a coherent edible layer having a substantially smooth surface formed separately through the pressure bonding step (C) and the resin film peeling step (D).
- the upper unwinding shaft 13 and the other are set on the lower unwinding shaft 14, and the edible adhesive layers are overlapped so as to face each other, and are passed between a pair of pressing rolls 15, 15. Under the same temperature and pressure conditions as in (C), the adherent edible layers are adhered to each other by applying pressure from the back surface of the resin film to form an adhered edible layer.
- the one set on the upper unwinding shaft 13 and the other set on the lower unwinding shaft 14 are used in the step (A) of forming an edible surface edible layer.
- the edible surface edible layer is formed directly on the resin film (direct coating), and even when indirect coating is performed, one resin film has an edible surface edible layer on the support layer.
- an edible surface edible layer is formed on the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on the other resin film, and the adhesive edible layers having the same multilayer structure are not necessarily pressed together.
- At least one of the resin films 16a on both sides of the adhesive edible layer obtained in the multiple adhesion edible layer pressing step (G) was passed through the film peeling roll 17 at the time when the resin was removed.
- the film 16a is peeled off under the same temperature conditions as in the resin film peeling step (D) described above.
- the third embodiment of the method for producing an edible oral administration agent in the form of a laminated film containing a lump-sum substance according to the present invention comprises the step (A) of forming an edible surface edible layer described above and a coating step described below.
- This is a production method including a smooth surface edible layer forming step (I), a coating edible layer pressure bonding step ⁇ , and a resin film peeling step ( ⁇ ).
- the uneven surface edible layer forming resin film obtained in the above-mentioned step ( ⁇ ) of forming the uneven surface edible layer wound on the resin film winding shaft 56 of the coating device 50 is unwound again.
- a coating liquid 58 similar to the one used in the smooth surface edible layer forming step ( ⁇ ) in the first embodiment is stored in the coating liquid supply dam 57.
- the coating liquid 58 is supplied through the clearance between the doctor roll 54 and the resin film 52 in the dam 57.
- the edible layer having a substantially smooth surface formed by application on the edible layer having an uneven surface in the step (I) of forming the edible layer having a coated smooth surface has a height difference of 10 m or less, more preferably Preferably, the composition is such that The thickness of the edible layer having a substantially smooth surface is preferably 10 m or more, and more preferably 10 to 50 / ⁇ .
- the components of the edible layer having a substantially smooth surface are not particularly limited, but may be the same as the components of the edible layer used in the above-described smooth surface edible layer forming step ( ⁇ ) in the first embodiment. It is preferable that the edible thermoplastic material is contained in the edible layer having the uneven surface formed in the step of forming the edible layer having an uneven surface ( ⁇ ). It is more preferable to make them approximately the same, and it is further preferable that the composition ratio in that case is also approximately the same as the ratio of the remaining components excluding the lump material.
- the lower unwinding shaft 14 of the crimping device 10 is attached with the resin film having the coated and edible edible layer having a smooth and smooth surface obtained in the step (I) of forming the coated smooth surface edible layer, and the upper unwinding shaft 13 In addition, the remaining resin film having an edible layer with an uneven surface on the surface obtained in the step of forming an edible layer with an uneven surface ( ⁇ ) above, or the same or different component force Then, a resin film having an edible layer having an uneven surface is attached to the surface separately obtained in the step of forming the edible surface edible layer ( ⁇ ⁇ ).
- the edible layers formed on each resin film are overlapped so as to face each other, and passed between a pair of pressing rolls 15, 15, and subjected to the same temperature as in the above-described pressing step (C).
- a pressure condition a pressure is applied to the back of the resin film, and the coated edible layer and the edible layer are brought into close contact with each other to form an adhesive edible layer.
- each edible layer-formed resin film attached to the lower unwinding shaft 14 and the upper unwinding shaft 13 of the crimping device 10 is reversed in the above-described case.
- the above-described process is performed, the consistency of the entire process can be obtained, which is convenient.
- a certain point is similar to the multiple edible layer press-bonding step (E) in the first embodiment described above.
- the fourth embodiment of the method for producing an edible oral administration agent in the form of a laminated film containing a lump-sum substance according to the present invention comprises the step (A) of forming the edible layer having an uneven surface and the edible layer having a coated smooth surface.
- This is a manufacturing method including a forming step (I), a multi-coat laminated edible layer press-bonding step (L) described below, and a resin film peeling-removing step (M).
- Surface edible layer forming step (I) A separately formed resin film having a coated edible layer having a substantially smooth surface formed through the step (I), and one of the upper unwinding shafts of the crimping device 10 in FIG.
- the other is set on a lower unwinding shaft 14, and the coated and edible edible layers are overlapped so as to face each other and passed between a pair of pressing rolls 15, 15, and the first embodiment described above is performed.
- Crimping process in form Under the same temperature and pressure conditions as in (C), from the back of the resin film By applying, in each other in close contact with each other coating laminated edible layer, to form a coherent edible layer.
- the one set on the upper unwinding shaft 13 and the other set on the lower unwinding shaft 14 are combined with each other in the step (A) of forming an edible surface edible layer.
- the film After forming a coating layer, support layer or adhesive layer on the film, and then forming an uneven surface edible layer on it (indirect coating), or without forming these coating layer, support layer or adhesive layer ⁇
- an edible layer with an uneven surface is formed directly on a
- one resin film has an uneven surface edible layer on the support layer, and the other resin film has an uneven surface edible layer on the adhesive layer.
- the edible layers having the same multilayer structure are not necessarily pressed together in some cases, such as the formation of a layer. The same is true.
- the fifth embodiment of the method for producing an edible oral administration agent in the form of a laminated film containing a lump-sum substance according to the present invention is characterized in that the step (A) for forming the edible layer having an uneven surface and the step for forming an edible layer having a smooth surface are described above.
- This is a production method including (B), a pressure bonding step (C), a resin film peeling step (D), a multiple coating adhesion edible layer pressure bonding step (N) described below, and a resin film removing step (O).
- the resin film obtained in the resin film peeling step (D) and having a substantially smooth adherent edible layer on the surface is bonded to the upper unwinding shaft 13 or the lower unwinding shaft 14 of the crimping device 10 shown in FIG. Set to one side.
- the uneven surface edible layer forming resin film obtained in the uneven surface edible layer forming step (A) is reattached to the oil film unwinding shaft 51 of the coating device 50, and the coating liquid supply
- the same coating liquid 58 as that used in the above-mentioned smooth surface edible layer forming step (B) stored in the dam portion 57 is passed through the clearance between the doctor roll 54 and the resin film 52 in the dam portion 57.
- the concavo-convex surface edible layer-shaped resin film to be attached to the resin film unwinding shaft 51 may be the rest of the concavo-convex surface edible layer-forming resin film used in the pressing step (C).
- the resin film may have the same or different components, and may be a resin film having an edible layer having an uneven surface on a surface separately obtained in the step (A) of forming the edible surface edible layer.
- the one set on the upper unwinding shaft 13 and the other set on the lower unwinding shaft 14 are different from each other in the step (A) of forming an edible surface edible layer.
- the edible surface edible layer is formed directly on the resin film (direct coating), and even when indirect coating is performed, one resin film has an edible surface edible layer on the support layer.
- an edible layer with an uneven surface is formed on the adhesive layer on the other resin film, and the adhesive edible layer having the same multilayer structure and the coated edible layer are pressed together. Not necessarily.
- the final press-bonded product holding the edible layer in the form of a lamination film containing the bulk material obtained by the press-bonding device 10 is connected to the downstream of the press-bonding device 10 and is arranged using the slitter device 30. It is cut into narrow widths. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the press-bonded product 31 pressed by the pressing rolls 15 and 15 has the resin film on the upper surface peeled off and removed, and the final press-bonded product 31a (the press-bonded product 16b in FIG. 1 and FIG. (It may be a crimped product).
- the final crimped product 31a (e.g., edible layer width 460 mm) is cut into 12 narrow crimped products 31b, for example, 36 mm wide by the slitter 32, and the narrow crimped products 31b are formed on 12 reels 33a, 33b. They can be wound individually one by one.
- the slitter 32 has 13 blades 32b protruding in the circumferential direction on the outer periphery of one roll 32a, and is provided in parallel with each other. As shown in FIGS.
- the gap between the slitter 32 and the roll 34 beneath the slitter 32 is opened and the slitter 32 is opened, the slitter 32 does not function, and the final crimped product 31a is cut into a narrow width. In doing so, the gap between the slitter 32 and the roll 34 below it is closed, and the final crimped product 31a passing therethrough is cut into 12 narrow crimped products 3 lb.
- the final crimped product 31a passes through the slitter 32 and is made into 12 narrow crimped products 31b, of which six odd-numbered narrow crimped products 31b are forward.
- One reel is wound on each of the six reels 33a coaxially set on the product take-up shaft 35 arranged in the product winding shaft.
- One reel is wound on each of the six reels 33b set coaxially.
- the scrap 31c cut at both ends of the final press-bonded product 31a cut by the slitter 32 is wound by a scrap winding shaft 36.
- the narrow-width press-bonded product 31b (36 mm in width) cut in this manner is formed, for example, using a device for forming an oral administration as shown in FIG. 6 or FIG. Edible oral dosage form.
- the press-bonded product holding the adhesive edible layer 72 on the surface of the film is intermittently unwound, and the remaining resin film 71 is peeled off by the film peeling roll 73 to form only the adhesive edible layer 72.
- the adhesive edible layer 72 is punched by a punching device 74 into a circle having a diameter of, for example, 15 mm.
- the punching device 74 is composed of a cutting blade 74a that reciprocates up and down and a fixed plate 74b having a through hole through which the cutting blade penetrates.
- the intermittently moving edible layer 72 stops at the position of the punching device 74. Then, the cutting blade 74a moves upward and penetrates through the through-hole of the fixing plate 74b, whereby a circle having a diameter of 15 mm is punched out of the edible layer 72.
- the punched circular edible edible layer is sucked by the suction pad 75 disposed above the fixing plate 74b, dropped on a conveyor (not shown), and sent to the packaging process.
- the remaining adhesive edible layer waste 72b after the circular adhesive edible layer is peeled off is wound up as a waste take-up roll 76.
- the narrow width crimped product 31b wound in a roll around the reels 33a and 33b of Fig. 5, that is, one of the resin films is peeled off and the other is left.
- the press-bonded product in which the adhesive edible layer 72 is held on the surface of the resin film 71 is unwound continuously and sent to the punching device 81.
- the punching device 81 is composed of a cutting blade roll 82 having a circular cutting blade 82a with a diameter of, for example, 15 mm protruding from the outer peripheral surface of the rotating roll, and an anvil roll 83, and is pressed between these rolls 82, 83.
- the cutting blade 82a protruding from the cutting blade hole 82 reaches the back surface of the resin film 71. Only the edible layer 72 is punched out so as not to reach.
- the cutting depth of the cutting blade 82a can be controlled by adjusting the clearance between the cutting blade roll 82 and the anvil roll 83.
- the cutting blade roll 82 and the anvil roll 83 are shown apart from each other for easy understanding, but the actual cutting operation is performed by arranging the cutting blade roll 82 at a position indicated by a chain line. Is performed.
- the final product of the edible oral administration agent in the form of a laminated film containing a lump-sum substance, which is manufactured by the oral administration device 70 or 80, is in a state where the double-sided resin film is peeled off. . Therefore, both of the two resin films superimposed in the pressure bonding step are ultimately peeled off.
- the final product form of the edible oral dosage form in the form of a laminated film containing a lump substance is that an adherent edible layer of a predetermined size is adhered to the surface of the resin film, and the user of the orally administered dosage form is required.
- the product shape may be such that the edible layer is peeled off from the fat film and taken. In the case of a final product shape such as that described above, only one of the two resin films superimposed in the pressing step needs to be peeled off.
- the resin film to be peeled off is subjected to a peeling treatment in advance by coating a hydrophobic substance on at least the surface (surface) on which the edible layer is formed, so that the edible layer resin film It is desirable to make it easy to peel off.
- a peeling treatment in advance by coating a hydrophobic substance on at least the surface (surface) on which the edible layer is formed, so that the edible layer resin film It is desirable to make it easy to peel off.
- the resin film holding the edible layer is made into a roll film, the resin film to be peeled is pre-peeled on both the surface on which the edible layer is formed and the opposite back surface.
- the resin film that retains the edible layer without being peeled off at least does not have the edible layer formed on it. desirable.
- silicone resin As the hydrophobic substance to be coated on the resin film during the peeling treatment, silicone resin, wax (beeswax), etc. that conforms to the standards for food additives can be used, and metal foil such as aluminum foil or tin foil can be used. You can also.
- the resin film serving as a base film for holding the edible layer polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, copolymerized polyester, polyimide, polypropylene, cellulose triacetate, vinyl acetate resin, ethylene acetate
- the film copolymer can be appropriately selected and used from a film resin made of resin such as polyethylene copolymer, polyethylene chloride, polycarbonate, polypropylene, triacetate, and fluorine resin (ETFE, PFA, FEP).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the layered structure of the edible oral administration agent in the form of a layered film containing a lump-sum substance obtained by the present invention is not particularly limited, and various layers suitable for exhibiting a desired medicinal effect or function are appropriately formed. Can be stacked.
- a general laminated structure of a film-shaped oral administration agent is composed of a coating layer constituting the outermost layer, a drug layer containing the base of the oral administration agent and an active ingredient, and, if necessary, a support layer and the like. It is composed of
- "edible” refers to substances and substances recognized as food and food additives.
- the edible drug layer containing the base of the oral administration agent and the active ingredient and the edible layer surface are formed unevenly. It contains agglomerated substances such as powders, granules, powders, and powders that are insoluble or hardly soluble in the coating solvent that acts as a factor. Examples include insoluble drugs and highly crystalline drugs that can be used as components.
- Azelastine hydrochloride treatment for allergic disease
- adenine purine base for leukopenia
- atorpastatin calcium hydrate HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
- afloqualone CFP14 treatment for myotonic disease
- Amosulalol hydrochloride h 1, ⁇ -blocker
- aripiprazole donokmin autoreceptor agonist: schizophrenia
- arotinolol hydrochloride ⁇ , ⁇ blocker
- ambroxol hydrochloride airway lubricating expectorant
- Ilsogladine maleate a mucoprotective gastritis' gastric ulcer treatment
- estriol estriol
- oxazolam a benzodiazepine minor tranquilizer
- carbone an antitumor alkylating agent
- candesartan cilexetil angiotensin) I II receptor antagonists
- quazebam a benzodiazepine sleep disorder improver
- Examples of the bulk substance as a food that can be used as an active ingredient contained in the drug layer include fibers derived from natural products such as mulberry leaves (suppression of postprandial hyperglycemia: prevention of diabetes).
- the base used together with the active ingredient in the edible drug layer for example, the following substances can be used alone or in appropriate combination.
- Polybutylpyrrolidone Polybutyl alcohol, Sodium polyacrylate, Carboxymethyl cellulose, Starch, Xanthan gum, Karaya gum, Sodium alginate, Methi Cellulose, canoleboxybininole polymer, agar, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), cellulose acetate phthalate (alias: cellulose acetate phthalate, CAP), carboxymethylethylcellulose (CMEC), ethylcellulose , Hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, carboxybutyl polymer (trade name: Carbopol), tragacanth, gum arabic, locust bean gum, guar gum, carrageenan (power lagenan), dextrin, dextran, amylose, potassium carboxymethylcellulose, carboxy Sodium methylcellulose, calcium carboxymethylcellulose, pullulan, chitosan, carboxymethyl starch Plantago seed coat
- the edible coating layer has a function of protecting the surface of the film-form oral administration agent or a function of adhering to the oral mucosa when used as a patch.
- the substances can be used alone or in appropriate combinations.
- Polybutylpyrrolidone gelatin, polybutyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, starch, xanthan gum, karaya gum, hydroxypropylcellulose, water-insoluble methacrylic acid copolymer, ethyl methacrylate methacrylic acid trimethylammonium-dimethylethyl copolymer Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate 'methyl methacrylate copolymer, carboxybutyl polymer (trade name: Carbopol), tragacanth, gum arabic, locust bean gum, guar gum, dextrin, dextran, amylose, pullulan, chitosan, casein, Alginic acid alkyl esters and the like.
- Carbopol Carbopol
- the edible supporting layer is for preventing the active ingredient from being eluted into the non-target portion in the oral cavity.
- the edible supporting layer is hardly soluble in the oral cavity by using the following substances alone or in an appropriate combination.
- the purpose can be achieved by forming an insoluble layer.
- Gelatin carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, carboxybutyl polymer, agar, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), cellulose acetate phthalate (also known as cellulose acetate phthalate, CAP), carboxymethylethylcellulose (CMEC), Ethylcellulose, hydroxyethynoresenorelose, hydroxypropinolemethinoresenorelose, cenorellose acetate phthale , Locust bean gum, guar gum, carrageenan (power lagenan), carboxymethylcellulose potassium, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, shellac resin (shellac, white transparent shellac), starch, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl Alcohol, hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, canoleboxymethyl starch, plantago seed coat, galatatmannan, and Eudragit.
- HPMCP hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate
- CAP cellulose
- each of the edible layers (edible coating layer, drug layer, support layer, etc.) that are brought into close contact with each other.
- at least one of the edible substances described above contains at least one substance exhibiting thermoplastic properties.
- the edible layer is slightly softened by heating in the pressure bonding step, so that the edible layer is securely adhered.
- edible substances having remarkable thermoplasticity include, for example, the following substances. These edible thermoplastic substances are included in each edible layer which is selected and adhered singly or appropriately in combination. It is desirable to do.
- dextrin and starch are edible thermoplastic substances as described above, but pullulan using starch as a raw material has thermoplasticity even for the same polysaccharide.
- Edible substances that do not have thermoplasticity such as pullulan, do not form a film as a powder even when heated and compressed to around 70 ° C.
- non-thermoplastic substances such as pullulan
- the edible layer can be compressed by using an edible thermoplasticity-imparting substance that imparts thermoplasticity to the non-thermoplastic substance. It becomes possible.
- the edible thermoplasticity-imparting substance include the following substances.
- the edible thermoplastic material is not included in the mutual edible layers to be in close contact with each other, and / or the content thereof is small. It is desirable to combine them appropriately and include them in each edible layer that adheres to each other.
- the edible coating layer, the drug layer and the support layer which are the respective edible layers of the edible oral administration agent in the form of a lump film containing a bulk substance obtained by the present invention, dissolve the above-mentioned components in a solvent as described below, for example.
- it can be formed by applying and drying the dispersed material in the edible layer forming step.
- each edible layer of the edible oral administration agent in the form of a laminated film containing a lump-sum substance obtained according to the present invention may have edible properties such as a plasticizer, a flavoring agent, a flavoring agent, and a coloring agent, if necessary.
- Additives can be added.
- the plasticizer polyethylene glycol (macrogol), glycerin (Japanese Pharmacopoeia), concentrated glycerin (Japanese Pharmacopoeia), propylene glycol and the like can be used.
- flavoring agent examples include sweeteners such as saccharin, glycyrrhizic acid, sucrose, fructose, and mantole; fresheners such as menthol and coconut oil; and organic acids that impart an acidity such as citric acid, tartaric acid, and fumaric acid. Things can be used. Natural or synthetic fragrances can be used as flavoring agents.
- coloring agent those used in ordinary preparations such as edible lakes can be used.
- a fast-dissolving film preparation containing famotidine as an edible oral administration agent in the form of a lump film containing a lump substance was prepared.
- sucralose 0.5 parts by mass of sucralose to an appropriate amount of 100% ethanol solvent, stir and dissolve, add 1.0 parts by mass of sucrose fatty acid ester, stir and dissolve, and further add famotidine (average particle size). 20-40 / ⁇
- a polyethylene terephthalate film (PET film) whose back surface has been subjected to silicone release treatment is set on the unwinding shaft 51 of the coating device 50 in FIG. 9, and the coating layer solution is supplied to the dam portion 57, and the surface of the PET film is supplied.
- the coating solution was applied to the (non-silicone-untreated surface) and dried at a drying temperature of 70 ° C to form a 15 m thick edible coating layer.
- the PET film on which the coating layer has been formed is set again on the unwinding shaft 51, the drug layer solution is applied on the coating layer, and then dried at a drying temperature of 70 ° C, and the surface with a thickness of 40 m has irregularities.
- a drug layer 55 m in two layers was formed (intermediate product (a)).
- the unevenness of the intermediate product (a) was measured with a Digital Thickness Gauge SMD-565 (manufactured by Tecloc Co., Ltd.).
- Crimping process (C)> The intermediate product (b) wound into a roll is set on the upper unwinding shaft 13 of the crimping device 10 in FIG. 1, and the intermediate product (a) wound in a roll is set on the lower unwinding shaft 14 and wound.
- the intermediate product (a) is passed between a pair of press rolls 15, 15 so that the edible layer with irregularities on the surface of the intermediate product (a) faces the edible layer with a smooth surface on the intermediate product (b).
- the pressure of the edible layer was 40 ° C and the pressure was 1. At OMPa, the edible layers were laminated in close contact with each other.
- the crimped product (intermediate product (c)) was wound up in a roll shape with a winding shaft 19.
- the temperature of the press-bonded product when the PET film was peeled was 30 ° C due to spontaneous heat release.
- the obtained intermediate product wound into a roll (c) (The adhesive edible layer consisting of the coating layer + drug layer + smooth surface layer is formed on the PET film Formed) was set on the upper unwinding shaft 13 of the crimping device 10 in FIG. The remaining part of the intermediate product (a) (the coating layer + the edible layer which is the drug layer applied on the PET film) remains set on the lower unwinding shaft 14. ing.
- the unrolled intermediate product (c) is brought into contact with the edible layer having a smooth surface and the edible layer having irregularities on the surface of the intermediate product (a) so as to face each other.
- the edible layers were passed through a pair of pressing rolls 15 and 15 so that they were brought into close contact with each other and laminated.
- the crimped product (intermediate product (d)) (5 layers of coating layer + drug layer + smooth surface layer + drug layer + coating layer) laminated on PET film ) was wound up in a roll with a winding shaft 19. At the time of peeling The temperature was almost the same as in the resin film peeling step (D).
- HPMC Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
- ⁇ Preparation of coating layer solution> After adding 17.0 parts by weight of maltitol and 8.0 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol [Macrogol 400 (Japanese Pharmacopoeia)] to an appropriate amount of a mixed solvent of ethanol and Z water (containing 40 parts by weight of ethanol), stir and dissolve, then add titanium oxide. 15.0 parts by mass of titanium oxide (average particle size 0.45-0.50 / zm: particle size distribution 10% pass 0.21 ⁇ m, 90% noise 0.72 m) was added and dispersed sufficiently. Add 60.0 parts by mass of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose [HPMC], stir and dissolve to obtain a coating layer solution.
- HPMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
- a PET film whose back surface has been subjected to silicone release treatment is set on the unwinding shaft 51 of the coating device 50 shown in FIG. 9, and a coating layer solution is supplied to the dam portion 57 so that the PET film surface (which has undergone silicone release treatment).
- the coating solution was applied to the (non-coated side) and dried at a drying temperature of 70 ° C to form an edible coating layer with a thickness of 15 m.
- the PET film on which the coating layer has been formed is again set on the unwinding shaft 51, the drug layer solution is applied on the coating layer, and then dried at a drying temperature of 70 ° C, and the surface with a thickness of 65 m has irregularities.
- a drug layer (80 ⁇ m in two layers) was formed (intermediate product (a)).
- the unevenness of the intermediate product (a) was measured with a digital thickness gauge SMD-565 (manufactured by Teclock Corporation), the height difference of the unevenness was up to 20 m.
- the intermediate product (a) wound into a roll is set on the upper unwinding shaft 13 and the lower unwinding shaft 14 of the crimping device 10 in Fig. 1, and the surface of the unwinded intermediate product (a) has irregularities.
- the edible layer was passed between a pair of pressing rolls 15 and 15 so that the edible layers faced each other, and the edible layers were brought into close contact with each other at a pressure of 1.degree. After passing through the pressing rolls 15 and 15, only the PET film located on the upper surface of the cohesive edible layer, which has reached 30 ° C due to natural heat dissipation, is drawn in along the peripheral surface of the film peeling hole 17 and released.
- the film was taken up by the take-up shaft 18, peeled off from the edible edible layer, and an attempt was made to take up the PET film holding the edible edible layer into a roll with the take-up shaft 19.
- the adhesive edible layer is separated into the original state, and the resin film 16a wound by the peeling film winding shaft 18 has the coating layer and the drug layer before pressure bonding.
- the resin film 16b wound up by the take-up shaft 19 while being held also kept the coating layer and the drug layer before being pressed, and could not be pressed.
- Table 2 shows the component ratio of the preparation.
- HPMC Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
- HPC Hydroxypropylcellulose [Example 2]
- an aripiprazole-containing fast-dissolving film preparation as an edible oral administration agent in the form of a lamellar film containing a bulk material was prepared.
- aripiprazole (average particle size 21.7 ⁇ m: particle size distribution 90% pass particle size 45.1 m) 6 0.0 Add parts by weight and disperse well. 0.114 parts by mass of cherry oil and 0.3 parts by mass of L-menthol are dissolved in kagami, and 37.56 parts by mass of hydroxypropylcellulose [HPC] is added thereto. The mixture is stirred and dissolved to prepare a drug layer solution.
- a polyethylene terephthalate film (PET film) whose back surface has been subjected to silicone release treatment is set on the unwinding shaft 51 of the coating device 50 in FIG. 9, and the coating layer solution is supplied to the dam portion 57, and the surface of the PET film is supplied. After coating the coating layer solution on the (non-silicone release-treated) solution, it is dried at a drying temperature of 70 ° C to form a 15 m thick edible coating layer. Formed.
- the PET film on which the coating layer has been formed is set again on the unwinding shaft 51, the drug layer solution is applied on the coating layer, and then dried at a drying temperature of 70 ° C, and the surface with a thickness of 40 m has irregularities.
- a drug layer 55 m in two layers was formed (intermediate product (a)).
- the unevenness of the intermediate product (a) was measured with a Digital Thickness Gauge SMD-565 (manufactured by Tecloc Co., Ltd.).
- the intermediate product (b) wound into a roll is set on the upper unwinding shaft 13 of the crimping device 10 in FIG. 1, and the intermediate product (a) wound in a roll is set on the lower unwinding shaft 14 and wound.
- the intermediate product (a) is passed between a pair of press rolls 15, 15 so that the edible layer with irregularities on the surface of the intermediate product (a) faces the edible layer with a smooth surface on the intermediate product (b).
- the pressure of the edible layer was 40 ° C and the pressure was 1. At OMPa, the edible layers were laminated in close contact with each other.
- the crimped product (intermediate product (c)) was wound into a roll with a winding shaft 19.
- the temperature of the press-bonded product when the PET film was peeled was 30 ° C due to spontaneous heat release.
- the obtained intermediate product wound into a roll (c) (The adhesive edible layer consisting of the coating layer + drug layer + smooth surface layer is formed on the PET film Formed) was set on the upper unwinding shaft 13 of the crimping device 10 in FIG. The remaining part of the intermediate product (a) (the coating layer + the edible layer which is the drug layer applied on the PET film) remains set on the lower unwinding shaft 14. ing.
- the unrolled intermediate product (c) is brought into contact with the edible layer having a smooth surface and the edible layer having irregularities on the surface of the intermediate product (a) so as to face each other.
- the edible layers were passed through a pair of pressing rolls 15 and 15 so that they were brought into close contact with each other and laminated.
- the crimped product (intermediate product (d)) (5 layers of coating layer + drug layer + smooth surface layer + drug layer + coating layer) laminated on PET film ) was wound up in a roll with a winding shaft 19. The temperature at the time of peeling was almost the same as in the resin film peeling step (D).
- HPMC Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
- a PET film whose back surface has been subjected to silicone release treatment is set on the unwinding shaft 51 of the coating device 50 shown in FIG. 9, and a coating layer solution is supplied to the dam portion 57 so that the PET film surface (which has undergone silicone release treatment).
- the coating solution was applied to the (non-coated side) and dried at a drying temperature of 70 ° C to form an edible coating layer with a thickness of 15 m.
- the PET film on which the coating layer has been formed is again set on the unwinding shaft 51, the drug layer solution is applied on the coating layer, and then dried at a drying temperature of 70 ° C, and the surface with a thickness of 65 m has irregularities.
- a drug layer (80 ⁇ m in two layers) was formed (intermediate product (a)).
- the unevenness of the intermediate product (a) was measured with a digital thickness gauge SMD-565 (manufactured by Teclock Corporation), the height difference of the unevenness was up to 20 m.
- the intermediate product (a) wound into a roll is set on the upper unwinding shaft 13 and the lower unwinding shaft 14 of the crimping device 10 in Fig. 1, and the surface of the unwinded intermediate product (a) has irregularities.
- the edible layer is passed between a pair of press rolls 15, 15 so that the edible layer
- the edible layers were closely adhered to each other at a pressure of 40 ° C and a pressure of 1. OMPa for lamination.
- the PET film located on the upper surface of the cohesive edible layer which has reached 30 ° C due to natural heat dissipation, is drawn in along the peripheral surface of the film peeling hole 17 and released.
- the film was taken up by the take-up shaft 18, peeled off from the edible edible layer, and an attempt was made to take up the PET film holding the edible edible layer into a roll with the take-up shaft 19.
- the adhesive edible layer is separated into the original state, and the resin film 16a wound by the peeling film winding shaft 18 has the coating layer and the drug layer before pressure bonding.
- the resin film 16b wound up by the take-up shaft 19 while being held also kept the coating layer and the drug layer before being pressed, and could not be pressed.
- Table 4 shows the component ratio of the preparation.
- HPMC Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
- a mulberry leaf-containing sustained-release food sheet as an edible oral administration agent in the form of a lumpy substance-containing laminated film was prepared.
- mulberry leaf powder (average particle size 20-30 m: particle size distribution 99 m all passes) 25.0 parts by mass, pre-gelatinized starch 35.0 parts by mass, enzyme-modified starch 25.0 parts by mass and sucralose 0.1 The parts by weight are added to mix the powder sufficiently. The sufficiently mixed powder is added to the above aqueous solution and mixed with stirring to obtain a drug layer solution.
- a polyethylene terephthalate film (PET film) whose back surface has been subjected to silicone release treatment is set on the unwinding shaft 51 of the coating device 50 in FIG. 9, and the coating layer solution is supplied to the dam portion 57, and the surface of the PET film is supplied.
- the coating layer solution was applied to the (non-silicone-untreated surface) and dried at a drying temperature of 80 ° C to form an edible coating layer with a thickness of 32 m.
- the PET film on which the coating layer was formed was set again on the unwinding shaft 51, the drug layer solution was applied on the coating layer, and then dried at a drying temperature of 80 ° C. A drug layer (77 m in two layers) was formed (intermediate product (a)).
- the unevenness of the intermediate product (a) was measured with a Digital Thickness Gauge SMD-565 (manufactured by Tecloc Co., Ltd.).
- the PET film with an edible layer with irregularities on the surface consisting of the coating layer and drug layer of the intermediate product (a) is set on the unwinding shaft 51 again, and the smooth edible layer is placed on the drug layer. After applying the solution, it was dried at a drying temperature of 80 ° C to form a 27 m thick edible layer (three layers, 104 ⁇ m) with a smooth surface (intermediate product (b)).
- An intermediate product wound in a roll around the upper unwinding shaft 13 and the lower unwinding shaft 14 of the crimping device 10 in FIG. 1 (consisting of a coating layer + a drug layer + a smooth surface layer on a PET film
- the intermediate product (b) with the edible layer applied thereto is set, and the edible layers with smooth surfaces of the unwound intermediate product (b) are opposed to each other.
- press the edible layer at a pressure of 40 ° C and a pressure of 1.
- Use OMPa to bring the edible layers into close contact with each other and scrape 7 pieces.
- a set of pressing is performed under the same temperature and pressure conditions as in the above-mentioned multi-coat laminated edible layer press-bonding step (L) such that the coating layers having a smooth surface of the unwound intermediate product (c) face each other.
- Rolls 15 and 15 were passed between the rolls, and the multiple edible layers were adhered and laminated.
- Intermediate product (d) (coating layer + drug layer + smooth surface layer + smooth surface layer + drug layer + coating layer + drug layer + smooth surface layer + smooth surface layer + drug on PET film Edible oral dosage form in the form of a laminated film containing a lump material obtained as a 12-layer press-bonded product consisting of a layer and a coating layer) reaches the back of the PET film using a 15 mm diameter circular blade.
- the method of punching out only the laminated edible layer see Fig. 7
- the strength of the film-like laminated product obtained as an intermediate product (d) can be obtained by peeling off the PET film on the back side.
- a mulberry leaf-containing sustained-release food sheet was obtained by punching with a circular blade (see FIG. 6). Table 5 shows the component ratio.
- ⁇ Preparation of coating layer solution Mix 15.0 parts by mass of concentrated glycerin in an appropriate amount of water and stir. Separately, add 1.0 parts by mass of sucrose fatty acid ester to a small amount of ethanol, stir and dissolve, and add to the glycerin aqueous solution. Then, 84.0 parts by mass of pullulan was added to the mixture, and the mixture was stirred and dissolved to prepare a coating layer solution.
- mulberry leaf powder (average particle size 20-30 m: particle size distribution 99 m all passes) 15.0 parts by mass, pre-gelatinized starch 35.0 parts by mass, enzyme-modified starch 30.0 parts by mass, and sucralose 0.1 The parts by weight are added to mix the powder sufficiently. The sufficiently mixed powder is added to the above aqueous solution and mixed with stirring to obtain a drug layer solution.
- a PET film whose back surface has been subjected to silicone release treatment is set on the unwinding shaft 51 of the coating device 50 shown in FIG. 9, and a coating layer solution is supplied to the dam portion 57 so that the PET film surface (which has undergone silicone release treatment). After coating the coating layer solution on the (uncoated side), it was dried at a drying temperature of 80 ° C to form an edible coating layer with a thickness of 32 ⁇ m.
- the PET film on which the coating layer has been formed is again set on the unwinding shaft 51, the drug layer solution is applied on the coating layer, and then dried at a drying temperature of 80 ° C, and the surface with a thickness of 80 m has irregularities.
- a drug layer (112 / zm in two layers) was formed (intermediate product (a)).
- the unevenness of the intermediate product (a) was measured with a digital thickness gauge SMD-565 (manufactured by Teclock Corporation), the height difference of the unevenness was up to 20 m.
- the intermediate product (a) wound into a roll is set on the upper unwinding shaft 13 and the lower unwinding shaft 14 of the crimping device 10 in Fig. 1, and the surface of the unwinded intermediate product (a) has irregularities.
- the edible layer was passed between a pair of pressing rolls 15 and 15 so that the edible layers faced each other, and the edible layers were brought into close contact with each other at a pressure of 1.degree.
- Table 6 shows the component ratios of this formulation.
- the edible layer having irregularities on the surface due to the presence of the lumpy substance is substantially free of the lumpy substance!
- the method for producing the edible oral administration agent in the form of a laminated film and the edible oral administration agent obtained by the method the edible layers having irregularities on the surface due to the presence of the lump material are surely pressed.
- the quantitative accuracy required for pharmaceutical preparations etc. is improved, and the time required for the drying process etc. is also improved.
- the laminated structure obtained by the conventional laminating coating method may cause the boundary of each edible layer to be blurred and blurred, and the components of each edible layer may leach and mix with each other in the boundary area.
- the boundaries of each edible layer can be clearly identified, and the components of each edible layer do not leach out and do not mix with each other. .
- the degradation of the drug and unintended reactions caused by mixing of some components of each edible layer can be suppressed to improve storage stability, etc., and the concentration of the active ingredient in each edible layer can be reduced. Control can be performed with high accuracy.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
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- Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05743754.3A EP1752127B1 (en) | 2004-06-02 | 2005-05-25 | Process for producing edible oral administration preparation of aggregated substance-containing laminated film, and edible oral administration preparation of aggregated substance-containing laminated film |
US11/578,427 US8357415B2 (en) | 2004-06-02 | 2005-05-25 | Method for producing orally administrable edible agent of aggregated subtance-containing laminate film form and orally administrable edible agent of aggregated substance-containing laminate film form |
US13/666,227 US20130064874A1 (en) | 2004-06-02 | 2012-11-01 | Method for producing orally administrable edible agent of aggregated substance-containing laminate film form and orally administrable edible agent of aggregated substance-containing laminate film form |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-164367 | 2004-06-02 | ||
JP2004164367A JP4547994B2 (ja) | 2004-06-02 | 2004-06-02 | 塊状物質含有積層フィルム状の可食性口腔内投与剤の製造方法および塊状物質含有積層フィルム状の可食性口腔内投与剤 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/666,227 Division US20130064874A1 (en) | 2004-06-02 | 2012-11-01 | Method for producing orally administrable edible agent of aggregated substance-containing laminate film form and orally administrable edible agent of aggregated substance-containing laminate film form |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005117803A1 true WO2005117803A1 (ja) | 2005-12-15 |
Family
ID=35462705
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2005/009535 WO2005117803A1 (ja) | 2004-06-02 | 2005-05-25 | 塊状物質含有積層フィルム状の可食性口腔内投与剤の製造方法および塊状物質含有積層フィルム状の可食性口腔内投与剤 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US8357415B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1752127B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4547994B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005117803A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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JP4620171B1 (ja) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-01-26 | 株式会社ツキオカ | 可食フィルム |
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JP4620171B1 (ja) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-01-26 | 株式会社ツキオカ | 可食フィルム |
WO2011114749A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-09-22 | 株式会社 ツキオカ | 可食フィルム |
WO2011114406A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-09-22 | 株式会社 ツキオカ | 可食フィルム |
JP2011193818A (ja) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-10-06 | Tsukioka:Kk | 可食フィルム |
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US8357415B2 (en) | 2013-01-22 |
JP4547994B2 (ja) | 2010-09-22 |
US20070237871A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
US20130064874A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
EP1752127A4 (en) | 2009-04-01 |
EP1752127B1 (en) | 2014-05-07 |
EP1752127A1 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
JP2005342154A (ja) | 2005-12-15 |
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